1
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Xu L, Sigler A, Chernatynskaya A, Rasmussen L, Lu J, Sahle-Demessie E, Westenberg D, Yang H, Shi H. Study of Legionella pneumophila treatment with copper in drinking water by single cell-ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:419-430. [PMID: 37962610 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a persistent opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to domestic water systems. Previous studies suggest that copper (Cu) is an effective antimicrobial in water systems. A rapid and sensitive quantification method is desired to optimize the conditions of L. pneumophila treatment by Cu and to better understand the interaction mechanisms between Cu and cells. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive single cell (SC)-ICP-MS method to monitor L. pneumophila cell concentration and track their uptake of Cu. The SC-ICP-MS method showed excellent sensitivity (with a cell concentration detection limit of 1000 cells/mL), accuracy (good agreement with conventional hemocytometry method), and precision (relative standard deviation < 5%) in drinking water matrix. The cupric ions (Cu2+) treatment results indicated that the total L. pneumophila cell concentration, Cu mass per cell, colony-forming unit counting, and Cu concentration in supernatant all exhibited a dose-dependent trend, with 800-1200 µg/L reaching high disinfection rates in drinking water. The investigation of percentages of viable and culturable, viable but nonculturable (VBNC), and lysed cells suggested there always were VBNC present at any Cu concentration. Experimental results of different Cu2+ treatment times further suggested that L. pneumophila cells developed an antimicrobial resistant mechanism with the prolonged Cu exposure. This is the first quantification study on the interactions of Cu and L. pneumophila in drinking water using SC-ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Austin Sigler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Anna Chernatynskaya
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Lindsey Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - David Westenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
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2
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Lee H, Kim S, Sin A, Kim G, Khan S, Nadagouda MN, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Pretreatment methods for monitoring microplastics in soil and freshwater sediment samples: A comprehensive review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:161718. [PMID: 36709896 PMCID: PMC10245186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the currently used pretreatment methods for microplastics (MPs) analysis in soil and freshwater sediments, primarily sample processing, pretreatment, and characterization methods for MPs analysis. In addition, analytical tools (e.g., lab instruments), MPs characteristics, and MPs quantity, are included in this review. Prior to pretreatment, soil and sediment samples are typically processed using sieving and drying methods, and a sample quantity of <50 g was mostly used for the pretreatment. Density separation was commonly performed before organic matter removal. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) were most often used for density separation, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation was most frequently used to remove organic matter. Although advantages of each pretreatment method have been investigated, it is still challenging to determine a universal pretreatment method due to sample variability (e.g., sample characteristics). Furthermore, it is highly required to establish standard pretreatment methods that can be used for various environmental matrices, including air, water, and wastes as well as soil and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Lee
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aebin Sin
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwangmin Kim
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanaullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan.
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Changseok Han
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Varughese E, Acrey B, Zepp R. Fragmentation and release of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes from epoxy-nanocomposites during accelerated weathering. Environ Sci Nano 2023; 10:1812-1827. [PMID: 37849916 PMCID: PMC10581393 DOI: 10.1039/d2en01014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing volume of nano-enabled materials in the market. Once composites containing nano-additives are disposed of, weathering could deteriorate their structures, releasing nanoparticles and risking exposure of humans and aquatic organisms. Composite degradation due to environmental aging continues, including structural deterioration resulting in cracking, fragmentation, and release of microplastics and nano-additives to the environment. This research aims to study the degradation and release of initially embedded nanomaterials (NMs) from composites and their toxicity. The molecular interaction of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites is critical for modifying the polymer properties. This study investigated the interactions of functional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites which affect their release during accelerated weathering processes. Different epoxy-MWCNT composites were prepared by filling a polymer with pure MWCNTs and MWCNTs functionalized with acid (- COOH ) and amine (- NH 2 ) groups. The physical and chemical changes of aged composites were characterized by gravimetric analysis, contact angle measurements, FTIR, SEM, and laser confocal microscopy. A loss of hydrophobicity was observed for composite surfaces long before surface cracks materialized. Released polymer fragments and nanoparticles were analyzed in wash water using TEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The environmental risks for long-term use of CNT-polymer composites and the influence of fillers on the extent of chemical photodegradation depended on the combination of polymer and fillers. If nanoparticles are released from the matrix, the high surface-to-volume ratio and reactivity of NMs make them highly dynamic in environmental systems. Exposure to these released NMs could negatively affect human health and the environment. This study provides fragmentation and CNT particle release data that could describe how molecular-level interactions between functionalized CNTs and epoxy polymers affect the aging and release of CNTs. A toxicity assessment based on a reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation assay and MTS assay for cell viability and activity of the released polymer and CNT fragments and leachate showed moderate levels of cytotoxicity of released materials as compared to pristine epoxy plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Eunice Varughese
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Brad Acrey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Richard Zepp
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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4
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Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a set of synthetic chemicals which contain several carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and have been in production for the past eight decades. PFAS have been used in several industrial and consumer products including nonstick pans, food packaging, firefighting foams, and carpeting. PFAS require proper investigations worldwide due to their omnipresence in the biotic environment and the resulting pollution to drinking water sources. These harmful chemicals have been associated with adverse health effects such as liver damage, cancer, low fertility, hormone subjugation, and thyroid illness. In addition, these fluorinated compounds show high chemical, thermal, biological, hydrolytic, photochemical, and oxidative stability. Therefore, effective treatment processes are required for the removal and degradation of PFAS from wastewater, drinking water, and groundwater. Previous review papers have provided excellent summaries on PFAS treatment technologies, but the focus has been on the elimination efficiency without providing mechanistic understanding of removal/degradation pathways. The present review summarizes a comprehensive examination of various thermal and non-thermal PFAS destruction technologies. It includes sonochemical/ultrasound degradation, microwave hydrothermal treatment, subcritical or supercritical treatment, electrical discharge plasma technology, thermal destruction methods/incinerations, low/high-temperature thermal desorption process, vapor energy generator (VEG) technology and mechanochemical destruction. The background, degradation mechanisms/pathways, and advances of each remediation process are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 4219, USA
| | - Tae Lee
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N. Nadagouda)
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5
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Zafar AM, Javed MA, Aly Hassan A, Sahle-Demessie E, Harmon S. Biodesalination using halophytic cyanobacterium Phormidium keutzingianum from brackish to the hypersaline water. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136082. [PMID: 36028126 PMCID: PMC10875329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biodesalination potential at different levels of salinity of Phormidium keutzingianum (P. keutzingianum) was investigated. A wide range of salinity from brackish to hypersaline water was explored in this study to ensure the adaptability of P. keutzingianum in extreme stress conditions. Brackish to hypersaline salt solutions were tested at selected NaCl concentrations 10, 30, 50, and 70 g.L-1. Chloride, pH, nitrate, and phosphate were the main parameters measured throughout the duration of the experiment. Biomass growth estimation revealed that the studied strain is adaptable to all the salinities inoculated. During the first growth phase (till day 20), chloride ion was removed up to 43.52% and 45.69% in 10 and 30 g.L-1 of salinity, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis performed on P. keutzingianum showed the presence of active functional groups at all salinity levels, which resulted in biosorption leading to the bioaccumulation process. Samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis supported with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDS) showed NaCl on samples already on day 0. This ensures the occurrence of the biosorption process. SEM-EDS results on 10th d showed evidence of additional ions deposited on the outer surface of P. keutzingianum. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and iron were indicated in SEM-EDS analysis proving the occurrence of the biomineralization process. These findings confirmed that P. keutzingianum showed biomass production, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization in all salinities; hence, the strain affirms the biodesalination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Zafar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Asad Javed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Responses, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Stephen Harmon
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Responses, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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6
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Wang D, Saleh NB, Byro A, Zepp R, Sahle-Demessie E, Luxton TP, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Flury M, White JC, Su C. Nano-enabled pesticides for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:347-360. [PMID: 35332293 PMCID: PMC9774002 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving sustainable agricultural productivity and global food security are two of the biggest challenges of the new millennium. Addressing these challenges requires innovative technologies that can uplift global food production, while minimizing collateral environmental damage and preserving the resilience of agroecosystems against a rapidly changing climate. Nanomaterials with the ability to encapsulate and deliver pesticidal active ingredients (AIs) in a responsive (for example, controlled, targeted and synchronized) manner offer new opportunities to increase pesticidal efficacy and efficiency when compared with conventional pesticides. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the key properties of nanopesticides in controlling agricultural pests for crop enhancement compared with their non-nanoscale analogues. Our analysis shows that when compared with non-nanoscale pesticides, the overall efficacy of nanopesticides against target organisms is 31.5% higher, including an 18.9% increased efficacy in field trials. Notably, the toxicity of nanopesticides toward non-target organisms is 43.1% lower, highlighting a decrease in collateral damage to the environment. The premature loss of AIs prior to reaching target organisms is reduced by 41.4%, paired with a 22.1% lower leaching potential of AIs in soils. Nanopesticides also render other benefits, including enhanced foliar adhesion, improved crop yield and quality, and a responsive nanoscale delivery platform of AIs to mitigate various pressing biotic and abiotic stresses (for example, heat, drought and salinity). Nonetheless, the uncertainties associated with the adverse effects of some nanopesticides are not well-understood, requiring further investigations. Overall, our findings show that nanopesticides are potentially more efficient, sustainable and resilient with lower adverse environmental impacts than their conventional analogues. These benefits, if harnessed appropriately, can promote higher crop yields and thus contribute towards sustainable agriculture and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjun Wang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK, USA.
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Byro
- Antimicrobials Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Richard Zepp
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Todd P Luxton
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Puyallup and Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chunming Su
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK, USA.
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7
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Verma S, Mezgebe B, Sahle-Demessie E, Nadagouda MN. Photooxidative decomposition and defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using an innovative technology of UV-vis/Zn xCu 1-xFe 2O 4/oxalic acid. Chemosphere 2021; 280:130660. [PMID: 33962294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of perfluorinated organic molecules that have been in use since the 1940s for industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. PFAS are a growing concern because some of them have shown persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic effects. Herein, we demonstrate an innovative technology of UV-vis/ZnxCu1-xFe2O4/oxalic acid for the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water. The magnetically retrievable nanocrystalline heterogeneous ferrite catalysts, ZnxCu1-xFe2O4 were synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion process followed by calcination at 400 °C. The combination of ZnxCu1-xFe2O4 and oxalic acid generate reactive species under UV light irradiation. These reactive species are then shown to be capable of the photodegradation of PFOA. The degree of degradation is tracked by identifying transformation products using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (LC-QTOF-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E. Hollister Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Bineyam Mezgebe
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Land Remediation and Technology Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U. S. EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U. S. EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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8
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Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E. Effect of colloid-size copper-based pesticides and wood-preservatives against microbial activities of Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand test. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:71-80. [PMID: 34130841 PMCID: PMC8217730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production, use, and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecological and adverse health effects. This paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesticides (CuPRO and Kocide), micronized Cu azole (MCA-1 and MCA-2) and alkaline Cu quaternary (ACQ) treated woods, Cu2+, Cu2+ spiked untreated wood (UTW), and CuCO3 solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) standard test. The total Cu leached from MCA-1, MCA-2, and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were ~0.1, ~0.11, and ~0.64 g/kg of wood, respectively. However, the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic (> 90%). The total organic carbon (TOC) content of any tested wood (UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ) was ~99% of its corresponding total carbon (TC) content, whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by > 300%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption value in the presence of Cu2+, CuCO3, CuPRO, and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/ions. However, the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from woods. On the other hand, the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than (300%) that of MCA pieces/block. The findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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9
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Sahle-Demessie E, Mezgebe B, Dietrich J, Shan Y, Harmon S, Lee CC. Material recovery from electronic waste using pyrolysis: Emissions measurements and risk assessment. J Environ Chem Eng 2021; 9:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104943. [PMID: 33747764 PMCID: PMC7970511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) generation has been growing in volume worldwide, and the diversity of its material composition is increasing. Sustainable management of this material is critical to achieving a circular-economy and minimizing environmental and public health risks. This study's objective was to investigate the use of pyrolysis as a possible technique to recover valuable materials and energy from different components of e-waste as an alternative approach for limiting their disposal to landfills. The study includes investigating the potential environmental impact of thermal processing of e-waste. The mass loss and change in e-waste chemicals during pyrolysis were also considered. The energy recovery from pyrolysis was made in a horizontal tube furnace under anoxic and isothermal conditions of selected temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. Critical metals that include the rare earth elements and other metals (such as In, Co, Li) and valuable metals (Au, Ag, Pt group) were recovered from electronic components. Pyrolysis produced liquid and gas mixtures of organic compounds that can be used as fuels. Still, the process also emitted particulate matter and semi-volatile organic products, and the remaining ash contained leachable pollutants. Furthermore, toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) of e-waste and partly oxidized products were conducted to measure the levels of pollutants leached before and after pyrolysis at selected temperatures. TCLP result revealed the presence of heavy metals like As, Cr, Cd, and Pd. Lead was found at 160 mg/L in PCBs leachate, which exceeded the toxicity characteristics (TC) limit of 5 mg/L. Liquid sample analysis from TCLP also showed the presence of C10-C19 components, including benzene. This study's results contribute to the development of practical recycling alternative approaches that could help reduce health risks and environmental problems and recover materials from e-waste. These results will also help assess the hazard risks that workers are exposed to semi-formal recycling centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Bineyam Mezgebe
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Joshua Dietrich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yonggui Shan
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Stephen Harmon
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Chun C. Lee
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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10
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Liu W, Shi H, Liu K, Liu X, Sahle-Demessie E, Stephan C. A Sensitive Single Particle-ICP-MS Method for CeO 2 Nanoparticles Analysis in Soil during Aging Process. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1115-1122. [PMID: 33450153 PMCID: PMC7931143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of products that incorporate engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has prompted efforts to investigate the potential release, environmental fate, and exposure of the ENPs. However, the investigation of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) in soil has remained limited, owing to the analytical challenge from the soil's complex nature. In this study, this challenge was overcome by applying a novel single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) methodology to detect CeO2 NPs extracted from soil, utilizing tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) aqueous solution as an extractant. This method is highly sensitive for determining CeO2 NPs in soil, with detection limits of size and concentration of 15 nm and 194 NPs mL-1, respectively. Extraction efficiency was sufficient in the tested TSPP concentration range from 1 mM to 10 mM at a soil-to-extractant ratio 1:100 (g mL-1) for the extraction of CeO2 NPs from the soil spiked with CeO2 NPs. The aging study demonstrated that particle size, size distribution, and particle concentration underwent no significant change in the aged soils for a short period of one month. This study showed an efficient method capable of extracting and accurately determining CeO2 NPs in soil matrices. The method can serve as a useful tool for nanoparticle analysis in routine soil tests and soil research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati Ohio 45220, United States
| | - Chady Stephan
- PerkinElmer, Inc., Woodbridge, Ontario L4L 8H1, Canada
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11
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He X, Zhang H, Shi H, Liu W, Sahle-Demessie E. Fates of Au, Ag, ZnO, and CeO 2 Nanoparticles in Simulated Gastric Fluid Studied using Single-Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2180-2190. [PMID: 32881526 PMCID: PMC7877237 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in many industries has generated significant research interest regarding their impact on the environment and human health. The major routes of ENPs to enter the human body are inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Following ingestion, ENPs have a long contact time in the human stomach. Hence, it is essential to know the fate of the ENPs under gastric conditions. This study aims to investigate the fate of the widely used nanoparticles Ag-NP, Au-NP, CeO2-NP, and ZnO-NP in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) under different conditions through the application of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). The resulting analytical methods have size detection limits for Ag-NP, Au-NP, ZnO-NP, and CeO2-NP from 15 to 35 nm, and the particle concentration detection limit is 135 particles/mL. Metal ions corresponding to the ENPs of interest were detected simultaneously with detection limits from 0.02 to 0.1 μg/L. The results showed that ZnO-NPs dissolved completely and rapidly in SGF, whereas Au-NPs and CeO2-NPs showed apparent aggregation and did not dissolve significantly. Both aggregation and dissolution were observed in Ag-NP samples following exposure to SGF. The size distributions and concentrations of ENPs were affected by the original ENP concentration, ENP size, the contact time in SGF, and temperature. This work represents a significant advancement in the understanding of ENP characteristics under gastric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Single Particle, Single Cell and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Single Particle, Single Cell and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Single Particle, Single Cell and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, LRTD, 26 West Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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12
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Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Role of water chemistry on stability, aggregation, and dissolution of uncoated and carbon-coated copper nanoparticles. Environ Res 2020; 187:109700. [PMID: 32480027 PMCID: PMC8573777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intentional or accidental release of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) from consumer products during manufacturing, use, and end-of-life management could pose health and ecological risks. This paper presents a detailed study on the role of water chemistry on the fate of uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs dispersed in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant in the presence and absence of humic acids (HAs). A range of water chemistry and HAs had minimum impact on hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential values of uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs. The water pH significantly (p < 0.001) affected the aggregation of uncoated Cu-NPs unlike that of carbon-coated Cu-NPs; however, the presence of HAs increased the stability of uncoated Cu-NPs. Although CTAB is considered as an efficient dispersant to stabilize Cu-NPs, the effect descended with time for uncoated Cu-NPs. The dissolution of Cu over time decreased with increasing pH for both uncoated (0.5-50% weight) and carbon-coated (0.5-40% weight) Cu-NPs. However, carbon-coated Cu-NPs exhibited significant dissolution (p < 0.001) at neutral pH than uncoated Cu-NPs may be due to the additional carbon it acquired during coating. Increasing HAs concentration from 0 to 15 mg L-1 at pH 5.5 inhibited aggregations but enhanced dissolution of the uncoated and carbon-coated Cu-NPs. These findings inform risk analysis of Cu-NPs including how Cu-NPs fate, mobility and bioavailability are modulated by particles coating and dispersant, HAs presence, water chemistry and exposure time in dispersion media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, 26 W. Martin Luther Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu Incheon, 22212, South Korea
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13
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Embiale A, Chandravanshi BS, Zewge F, Sahle-Demessie E. Indoor air pollution from cook-stoves during Injera baking in Ethiopia, exposure, and health risk assessment. Arch Environ Occup Health 2020; 76:103-115. [PMID: 32613906 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1787317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess indoor air pollution and potential exposure to particulate matters (PMs-PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10), and total suspended particles [TSP] and total volatile organic compounds [TVOCs] during baking of Ethiopian traditional staple food, Injera using different types of stoves at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The geometric mean (GOM) of PMs pollutant using clean, improved, and traditional stoves were ranged 10.8-235, 23.6-462, and 36.4-591 µg/m3, respectively. The GOM of TVOCs in the wet and dry season using the clean, improved, and traditional stoves were 1,553, 2,234, 4,421, and 845, 1,214, and 2,662 µg/m3, respectively. The health risk of an exposed person to PM2.5, PM10, and TSP during baking of Injera was characterized and the results showed only baking of Injera using any of the stove types does not cause health problems to the baker. However, the percent contribution to the total chronic intake is high up to 38%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamene Embiale
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Zewge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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14
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Ahmady IM, Hameed MK, Almehdi AM, Arooj M, Workie B, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Mohamed AA. Green and cytocompatible carboxyl modified gold-lysozyme nanoantibacterial for combating multidrug-resistant superbugs. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:5016-5026. [PMID: 31620700 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of multi-drug resistant (MDR) superbugs in hospital environments, communities and food animals and the very dynamic bacterial mutation frequency require the development of prolonged therapeutic strategies to gain mastery over antibiotic resistance. A AuNP-lysozyme nanoantibacterial was fabricated by the conjugation of AuNPs-C6H4-4-COOH with lysozyme via green reduction of aryldiazonium gold(iii) salt [HOOC-4-C6H4N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N]AuCl4. Results from molecular docking calculations aimed at revealing the binding mode of benzoic acid with the lysozyme structure clearly showed the lowest energy conformation with benzoic acid bound in the deep buried hydrophobic cavity of the protein active site through strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, thus validating the experimental outcomes of the current study which also exhibited the binding of -COOH functional groups in the interior of the protein structure. The superiority of the lysozyme bioconjugate against superbugs was demonstrated by the enhanced and broadened lysozyme antibacterial activities of 98-99% against extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and a selection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive standard ATCC strains. Selective toxicity against bacteria was confirmed by the high viability of HeLa and fibroblast cell lines and the outstanding hemocompatibility at the minimum bacterial inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Turbidimetric enzyme kinetic assay showed the enhancement of the lysozyme hydrolytic activity by gold nanoparticles on the Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacterial substrate. Using gel electrophoresis, the induced cell wall breakdown was confirmed by detecting the leaked-out bacterial genomic DNA. The integrity and morphology changes of the E. coli bacteria were investigated using a scanning electron microscope after one hour of contact with the lysozyme-gold bioconjugate. The antibacterial functionalities showed little or no damage to healthy human cells and can be applied to wound dressings and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Ahmady
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Zepp R, Ruggiero E, Acrey B, Davis MJB, Han C, Hsieh HS, Vilsmeier K, Wohlleben W, Sahle-Demessie E. Fragmentation of polymer nanocomposites: modulation by dry and wet weathering, fractionation, and nanomaterial filler. Environ Sci Nano 2020; 7:1742-1758. [PMID: 33564464 PMCID: PMC7869489 DOI: 10.1039/c9en01360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of polymeric composites incorporating engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have reached the market. Such nano-enabled products (NEPs) present enhanced performance through improved mechanical, thermal, UV protection, electrical, and gas barrier properties. However, little is known about how environmental weathering impacts ENM release, especially for high-tonnage NEPs like kaolin products, which have not been extensively examined by the scientific community. Here we study the simulated environmental weathering of different polymeric nanocomposites (epoxy, polyamide, polypropylene) filled with organic (multiwalled carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon black) and inorganic (WS2, SiO2, kaolin, Fe2O3, Cu-phthalocyanines) ENMs. Multiple techniques were employed by researchers at three laboratories to extensively evaluate the effect of weathering: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, contact angle measurements, gravimetric analysis, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. This work aimed to elucidate the extent to which weathering protocol (i.e. wet vs. dry) and diverse filler characteristics modulate fragment release and polymer matrix degradation. In doing so, it expanded the established NanoRelease protocol, previously used for analyzing fragment emission, by evaluating two significant additions: (1) simulated weathering with rain events and (2) fractionation of sample leachate prior to analysis. Comparing different composite materials and protocols demonstrated that the polymer matrix is the most significant factor in NEP aging. Wet weathering is more realistic than dry weathering, but dry weathering seems to provide a more controlled release of material over wet. Wet weathering studies could be complicated by leaching, and the addition of a fractionation step can improve the quality of UV-vis measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zepp
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ruggiero
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Brad Acrey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- ORISE Research Fellow, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Mary J B Davis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Research Council (NRC), Washington DC, USA
| | - Changseok Han
- ORISE Research Fellow, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- EPA, ORD, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hsin-Se Hsieh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Research Council (NRC), Washington DC, USA
| | - Klaus Vilsmeier
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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16
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Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Influence of water chemistry on colloid-size Cu-based pesticides particles: A case of Cu(OH) 2 commercial fungicide/bactericide. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124699. [PMID: 31494324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intensive, widespread, and ever-increasing applications of Cu-based pesticides in agriculture could potentially increase environmental exposures via different routes. Unlike ionic/bulk forms, the fate, transport, and toxicity of colloid-size Cu-based pesticides are not well studied. This paper provides evaluation outcomes of granule and dispersion characterizations, stability, and dissolution of colloid-size particles of Cu(OH)2 commercial pesticide product at a range of water chemistry. The evaluated product contained about 35% weight of metallic Cu equivalent and Cu(OH)2 particles with sizes < 1 μm of which a fraction of nanoscale particles exist. The presence of Ca2+ at ionic strengths of >0.01 M and 0.001-0.2 M significantly influenced (p < 0.001) particle size (PS) and ζ-potential values, respectively at all investigated pH values. Cu dissolution at pH 5.5 was significant (p < 0.001) and exceeded Cu dissolutions at pH 7.0 by 87-90% and at pH 8.5 by 87-95% in all dispersions. The order of Cu dissolution was pH 5.5 > pH 7.0 > pH 8.5 in all dispersions. Cu dissolution was relatively reduced by 53% by increasing HA from 0 to 5 mg L-1 and enhanced by 55% by increasing HA from 5 to 15 mg L-1, however, the overall Cu dissolution was decreased by 27% by increasing HA from 0 to 15 mg L-1. Thus, HAs reduced the dissolution of Cu at pH < 7. The findings provide an insight into how water chemistry influences the fate and transport of colloid-size Cu-based pesticides particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu Incheon, 22212, South Korea
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17
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Tegenaw A, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Characterization of colloid-size copper-based pesticide and its potential ecological implications. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:278-287. [PMID: 31323610 PMCID: PMC7384304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of Cu-based pesticides in agriculture could have an unintended impact on the ecosystems and human health via different exposure pathways. This paper presents the results of experiments involving colloidal stability, aggregation, and dissolution of Cu2O commercial pesticide under various environmental conditions in view of ecological implications. The investigated pesticide contains ∼750 g kg-1 Cu (75% weight of product), Cu2O particles with sizes < 1 μm, and nominal size fraction of Cu2O nanoparticles. The co-presence of Ca2+ (20 mM) and humic acid (HA, 15 mg L-1) significantly modulates (p < 0.001) the colloidal stability and mobility of particles. The dissolution of Cu at pH 5.5 was about 85%, 90%, and 75% weight more than the dissolution of Cu at pH 7.0, pH 8.5, and pH 7.0 and pH 8.5 combined, respectively in all dispersions. However, increasing HA content from 0 to 15 mg L-1 reduced the dissolution of Cu by 56%, 50%, and 40% weight at pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5, respectively. Thus, pH below 7.0 is a critical factor to control the dissolution and bioavailability of Cu that may pose ecotoxicity and environmental pollution, whereas pH above 7.0 and the presence of HA attenuate the pH effect. These findings provide insight into how the potential mobility and bioavailability of Cu is modulated by the water chemistry under various environmental scenarios and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Tegenaw
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, United States.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu Incheon, 22212, South Korea
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Li T, Berberich J, Sahle-Demessie E, Varughese E. A disposable acetylcholine esterase sensor for As(III) determination in groundwater matrix based on 4-acetoxyphenol hydrolysis. Anal Methods 2019; 11:5203-5213. [PMID: 32021658 PMCID: PMC6997941 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of field compatible analytical method for the speciation of As(III) to characterize groundwater pollution at anthropogenic sites. To address this issue, an inhibition-based acetylcholine esterase (AchE) sensor was developed to determine As(III) in groundwater. 4-Acetoxyphenol was employed to develop an amperometric assay for AchE activity. This assay was used to guide the fabrication of an AchE sensor with screen-printed carbon electrode. An As(III) determination protocol was developed based on the pseudo-irreversible inhibition mechanism. The analysis has a dynamic range of 2-500 μM (150 - 37,500 μg L-1) for As(III). The sensor exhibited the same dynamic range and sensitivity in a synthetic groundwater matrix. The electrode was stable for at least 150 days at 22 ± 2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Jason Berberich
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Eunice Varughese
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
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Abstract
Global demand for water is rising. A sustainable and energy efficient approach is needed to desalinate brackish sources for agricultural and municipal water use. Genetic variation among two algae species, Scenedesmus species (S. sp.) and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), in their tolerance and uptake of salt (NaCl) was examined for potential bio-desalination of brackish water. Salt-tolerant hyper-accumulators were evaluated in a batch photobioreactors over salinity concentration ranging from 2 g/L to 20 g/L and different nutrient composition for their growth rate and salt-uptake. During algae growth phase, the doubling time varied between 0.63 and 1.81 days for S. sp. and 3.1 to 5.9 for C. vulgaris. The initial salt-uptake followed pseudo first order kinetics where the rate constant ranged between -3.58 and -7.68 day-1 reaching up to 30% in a single cycle. The halophyte algae S. sp. and C. vulgaris that were selected for pilot-scale studies here represent a promising new method for desalination of brackish waters. Halophytic technologies combined with the potential use of algae for biofuel, which offsets energy demand, can provide a sustainable solution for clean, affordable water and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- United Arab Emirates University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amro El Badawy
- California Polytechnic State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
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Mezgebe B, Sorial G, Wendell D, Sahle-Demessie E. Effectiveness of biosurfactant for the removal of trihalomethanes by biotrickling filter. Eng Rep 2019; 1:1-12031. [PMID: 33015590 PMCID: PMC7529106 DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biodegradation of a mixture of two trihalomethane (THM) compounds, chloroform (CF) and dichlorobromomethane (DCBM), was evaluated using two laboratory-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs). The two BTFs, hereby designated as "BTF-A" and "BTF-B," were run parallel and used ethanol as co-metabolite at different loading rates (LRs), and a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant that was generated by the gram-positive bacteria, Surfactin, respectively. The results using BTF-A showed that adding ethanol at a higher rate of 4.59 g/(m3 h) resulted in removal efficiencies of 85% and 87% for CF and DCBM, respectively. Conversely, for the same LR, the use of Surfactin without ethanol (BTF-B) showed comparable removal efficiencies of 85% and 80% for CF and DCBM, respectively. The maximum rate constant for CF and DCBM for the BTF-A was 0.00203 s-1 and 0.0022 s-1, respectively. For the same THMs LR, similar reaction rate constants resulted for the BTF-B. Further studies were conducted to investigate and understand the microbial diversity within both BTFs. The result indicated that for BTF with co-metabolite, Fusarium sp. was the most dominant fungi over 98% followed by F. Solani with less than 2%. F. oxysporum and Fusarium sp. were instead the dominant fungi for the BTF with Surfactin. Before introducing the Surfactin into the BTF, the batch experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic surfactant as compared to a biosurfactant (Surfactin). In this regard, vials with Surfactin showed better performance than vials with Tomadol 25-7 (synthetic surfactant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineyam Mezgebe
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - George Sorial
- Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed, , Tel: +1 (513) 556-2987
| | - David Wendell
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- Senior Scientist, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Han C, Sahle-Demessie E, Varughese E, Shi H. Polypropylene-MWCNT composite degradation, release, detection, and toxicity of MWCNT during accelerated aging. Environ Sci Nano 2019; 6:1876-1894. [PMID: 32704375 PMCID: PMC7377243 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) are incorporated into polymers to enhance their properties. However, there are a limited number of studies on the aging of these nanocomposites and the resulting potential release of NM. To characterize NM at critical points in their life cycles, polypropylene (PP) and multiwall carbon nanotube filled PP (PP-MWCNT) plates with different thicknesses (from 0.25 mm to 2 mm) underwent accelerated weathering in a chamber that simulates solar irradiation and rainfall. The physicochemical changes of the plates depended on the radiation exposure, the plate thickness, and the presence of CNT fillers. Photodegradation increased with aging time, making the exposed surface more hydrophilic, decreasing the surface hardness and creating surface stress-cracks. Aged surface and cross-section showed crazing due to the polymer bond scission and the formation of carbonyls. The degradation was higher near the UV-exposed surface as the intensity of the radiation and oxygen diffusion decreased with increasing depth of the plates, resulting in an oxidation layer directly proportional to oxygen diffusion. Thus, sample thickness determines the kinetics of the degradation reaction and the transport of reactive species. Plastic fragments, which are less than 1 mm, and free CNTs were released from weathered MWCNT-PP. The concentrations of released NM that were estimated using ICP-MS, increased with prolonged aging time. Various toxicity tests, including reactive oxygen species generation and cell activity/viability, were performed on the released CNTs. The toxicity of the released fragments and CNTs to A594 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells was observed. The released polymer fragments and CNTs did not show significant toxicity under the experimental conditions in this study. This study will help manufacturers, users of consumer products with nanocomposites and policymakers in the development of testing guidelines, predictive models, and risk assessments and risk based-formulations of NM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - Eunice Varughese
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Missouri University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Embiale A, Zewge F, Chandravanshi BS, Sahle-Demessie E. Levels of trace elements in PM 10 collected at roadsides of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and exposure risk assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:397. [PMID: 31127376 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of personal exposure to air pollution is needed to identify high-risk population and to develop mitigation strategies. In this study, an assessment of the potential effects of short-term exposure to PM10 and the elements bound within PM10 was conducted. Samples were obtained from the ten sub-cities of Addis Ababa (three sampling points from each) during the commuting time (traffic congestion and taxi queues). A particle counter consisting of a portable sampling unit with multi-fraction dust samplers was used for sample collection. The elemental composition was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentrations of PM10 ranged from 206 to 308 μg m-3. The highest concentrations of pollutants were found in the major open-market part of the city, Addis Ketema. The lowest concentrations were found at the old-town, Arada sub-cities. The concentration of trace elements (Fe, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, B, Ni, Co, Sn, Cu, and Zn) bound in PM10 ranged from below detectable limit to 0.981 μg m-3. Regardless of the sampling sub-city, the overall patterns of the mean concentration of elements bound in PM10 were found in the following increasing order of Cr < Cd < As < Co < Ni < Cu < Fe < Pb < Sn < B < Zn < Mn. The results showed that the primary source of Zn, Cr, and Cd may be emissions from on-road vehicles, tire and brake wear. Pb originates mainly from industries and suspended soil dust at the roadside, whereas As, Mn, and B are associated with dust resuspension and biomass and biofuel combustion, respectively. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to chronic exposure to trace elements bound in PM10 at the roadside were assessed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines. It was determined that Mn, As, and Cd contributed substantially to the inducement of non-carcinogenic health problems to children and adults as a result of exposure while in close proximity to the roadsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamene Embiale
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Zewge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
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Panicker S, Ahmady IM, Almehdi AM, Workie B, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Chehimi MM, Mohamed AA. Inside Back Cover. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Panicker S, Ahmady IM, Almehdi AM, Workie B, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Chehimi MM, Mohamed AA. Gold-Aryl nanoparticles coated with polyelectrolytes for adsorption and protection of DNA against nuclease degradation. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Panicker
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute for Science and Engineering; University of Sharjah; Sharjah 27272 UAE
| | - Islam M. Ahmady
- Department of Applied Biology; University of Sharjah; Sharjah 27272 UAE
| | - Ahmed M. Almehdi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sharjah; Sharjah 27272 UAE
| | - Bizuneh Workie
- Department of Chemistry; Delaware State University; 1200 North DuPont Highway, Dover Delaware 19901 USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NRMRL, LMMD, MMB; 26 W. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive Cincinnati Ohio 45268 USA
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering; INHA University; Michuhol-gu, 100 Inha-ro Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ahmed A. Mohamed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute for Science and Engineering; University of Sharjah; Sharjah 27272 UAE
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Mohamed AA, Neal SN, Atallah B, AlBab ND, Alawadhi HA, Pajouhafsar Y, Abdou HE, Workie B, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Monge M, Lopez-de-Luzuriaga JM, Reibenspies JH, Chehimi MM. Synthesis of gold organometallics at the nanoscale. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Martin E, Lalley J, Wang W, Nadagouda MN, Sahle-Demessie E, Chae SR. Phosphate recovery from water using cellulose enhanced magnesium carbonate pellets: Kinetics, isotherms, and desorption. Chem Eng J 2018; 352:612-624. [PMID: 32831624 PMCID: PMC7433801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential and limited nutrient that is supplied by a depleting resource, mineral phosphate rock. Eutrophication is occurring in many water bodies which provides an opportunity to recover this nutrient from the water. One method of recovery is through adsorption; this study focused on fabricating a porous and granular adsorptive material for the removal and recovery of phosphate. Magnesium carbonate was combined with cellulose in varying weight ratios (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) to synthesize pellets, which were then calcined to increase internal surface area. Physiochemical properties such as surface area, surface morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure of the materials were characterized using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The pellet proved to be uniform in composition and an increase in BET surface area correlated with an increase in cellulose content until pellet stability was lost. Phosphate adsorption using the pellets was studied via batch kinetics and sorption isotherms. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fits best suggesting that the adsorption occurring was chemisorption. The isotherm model that fit best was the Langmuir isotherm, which showed that the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity increased with an increase in cellulose content between 10% and 20%. The average adsorption capacity achieved in the triplicate isotherm study was 96.4 mg g-1 for pellets synthesized with 15% cellulose. Overall, using cellulose and subsequent calcination created an additional internal surface area for adsorption of phosphate and suggested that granular materials can be modified for efficient removal and recovery of phosphate from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Martin
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jacob Lalley
- Pegasus Technical Services Inc., 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Wenhu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NRMRL, WSD, WRRB, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NRMRL, STD, CPB, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - So-Ryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Jing H, Sahle-Demessie E, Sorial GA. Inhibition of biofilm growth on polymer-MWCNTs composites and metal surfaces. Sci Total Environ 2018; 633:167-178. [PMID: 29573683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased interest in incorporating multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polymer matrices to control the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilm growth on the surface of water pipes, food packages, and medical devices. Microbial interactions with carbon nanotube-polymer composites in the environment are not well understood. The growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens (gram-negative) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (gram-positive) biofilms on copper, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride, and stainless steel was compared with growth on MWCNT-PE composites in order to gain insight into the effect of the surface properties of nanomaterials on the attachment and proliferation of microorganism which could result in the engineering of better, non-fouling materials. A statistical analysis of the biofilm growth showed a significant impact of materials for both P. fluorescens (p < 0.0001) and M. smegmatis (p = 0.00426). Biofilm growth after 56 days on PE compared to biofilm growth on copper surfaces decreased by 46.4% and 34.9% for P. fluorescens and M. smegmatis, respectively. Biofilm growth on PE-multiwall-carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs)-composites surface compared to PE decreased by 89.3% and 29% for P. fluorescens and M. smegmatis, respectively. Bacterial species (p < 0.0006) and surface roughness (p < 0.0001) were important factors in determining the attachment and initial biofilm growth rate. The interactions between cells and material surface could be attributed to the complicated and collective effect of electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen/covalent bonding. Further study is needed to determine whether or not there is a difference between the cell attachment in the exponential growth phase and the stationary, or decay, phase cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Jing
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Mezgebe B, Palanisamy K, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Hassan AA, Lu J. Comparative Study on the Performance of Anaerobic and Aerobic Biotrickling Filter for Removal of Chloroform. Environ Eng Sci 2018; 35:462-471. [PMID: 32704228 PMCID: PMC7376754 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2017.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Use of biotrickling filter (BTF) for gas phase treatment of volatile trihalomethanes (THMs) stripped from water treatment plants could be an attractive treatment option. The aim of this study is to use laboratory-scale anaerobic BTF to treat gaseous chloroform (recalcitrant to biological transformation) as a model THM and compare results with aerobic BTF. Additional investigations were conducted to determine the microbial diversity present within the BTFs. Chloroform is a hydrophobic volatile THM known to be difficult to biodegrade. To improve the degradation process, ethanol was used as a cometabolite at a different ratio to chloroform. The experimental plan was designed to operate one BTF under anaerobic condition and the other one under aerobic acidic condition. Higher elimination capacity (EC) of 0.23 ± 0.01 g/[m3·h] was observed with a removal efficiency of 80.9% ± 4% for the aerobic BTF operating at pH 4 for the concentration ratio of 1:40 chloroform to ethanol. For similar ratio, the anaerobic BTF supported lower removal efficiency of 59% ± 10% with corresponding lower EC of 0.16 ± 0.01 g/[m3·h]. Carbon recovery acquired for anaerobic and aerobic BTFs was 59% and 63%, respectively. The loading rate for chloroform on both BTFs was 0.27 g/[m3·h] (per m3 of filter bed volume). Variations of the microbial community were attributed to degradation of chloroform in each BTF. Azospira oryzae and Azospira restrica were the dominant bacteria and potential candidates for chloroform degradation for the anaerobic BTF, whereas Fusarium sp. and Fusarium solani were the dominant fungi and potential candidates for chloroform degradation in the aerobic BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineyam Mezgebe
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keerthisaranya Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jingrang Lu
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Han C, Sahle-Demessie E, Zhao AQ, Richardson T, Wang J. Environmental aging and degradation of multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene. Carbon N Y 2018; 129:137-151. [PMID: 32831356 PMCID: PMC7433849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of polypropylene (PP) and PP-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PP-MWCNT) panels during environmental weathering resulted in an increased degree of crystallinity, making them brittle, and creating surface cracks. The degradation led to a breakdown of the panels and increased the potential for nanorelease. Thermal analysis revealed that the thickness of the test panels and reinforcement with MWCNTs had a significant influence on the stability of PP-MWCNT composites. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the MWCNTs acted as nucleation points, increasing the crystallization temperatures of PP-MWCNT, which reduced the extent of aging. Weathering decreased both the melting and crystallization temperatures of PP by as much as 20 o C. The reduction in the temperatures was inversely proportional to the thickness of the panels. The activation energy (E a ) obtained using isoconversional kinetics of the TGA analysis showed that the effective thermo-oxidative degradations of PP changed during aging. The E a for the initial stages of thermal degradation decreased from ~330 kJ/mol to ~100 kJ/mol for aged PP. During the late degradation stages, the E a values increased to ~300 kJ/mol. These results suggest that early degradation were altered because of the changes in the molecular structure of the aged P and a shift in the degradation rate-limiting steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Amy Q Zhao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Teri Richardson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Perkin Elmer, Inc., 710 Bridgeport Avenue, Shelton, CT 06484-4794, USA
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Han C, Zhao A, Varughese E, Sahle-Demessie E. Evaluating Weathering of Food Packaging Polyethylene-Nano-clay Composites: Release of Nanoparticles and their Impacts. NanoImpact 2018; 9:61-71. [PMID: 29226269 PMCID: PMC5716355 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nano-fillers are increasingly incorporated into polymeric materials to improve the mechanical, barrier or other matrix properties of nanocomposites used for consumer and industrial applications. However, over the life cycle, these nanocomposites could degrade due to exposure to environmental conditions, resulting in the release of embedded nanomaterials from the polymer matrix into the environment. This paper presents a rigorous study on the degradation and the release of nanomaterials from food packaging composites. Films of nano-clay-loaded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composite for food packaging applications were prepared with the spherilene technology and exposed to accelerated weathering of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or low concentration of ozone at 40 °C. The changes in the structural, surface morphology, chemical and physical properties of the films during accelerated weathering were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative changes in properties of pristine and aged materials and the release of nano-clay proceeded slowly until 130 hr irradiation and then accelerated afterward resulting complete degradation. Although nano-clay increased the stability of LDPE and improved thermal and barrier properties, they accelerated the UV oxidation of LDPE. With increasing exposure to UV, the surface roughness, chemiluminescence index, and carbonyl index of the samples increased while decreasing the intensity of the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern. Nano-clay particles with sizes ranging from 2-8 nm were released from UV and ozone weathered composite. The concentrations of released nanoparticles increased with an increase in aging time. Various toxicity tests, including reactive oxygen species generation and cell activity/viability were also performed on the released nano-clay and clay polymer. The released nano-clays basically did not show toxicity. Our combined results demonstrated the degradation properties of nano-clay particle-embedded LDPE composites toxicity of released nano-clay particles to A594 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells was observed, which will help with future risk based-formulations of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - Amy Zhao
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - Eunice Varughese
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
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Li Z, Sahle-Demessie E, Aly Hassan A, Pressman JG, Sorial GA, Han C. Effects of source and seasonal variations of natural organic matters on the fate and transport of CeO 2 nanoparticles in the environment. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1616-1626. [PMID: 28810513 PMCID: PMC6702457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) affects the stability and transport of nanoparticles (NPs) in natural waters by modifying their physiochemical properties. Source location, and seasonal variations, influence their molecular, physical and electrical charge properties. To understand the variations of NOM on the mobilization of NPs, large volumes of water were collected from the Ohio River (OR) over winter and summer seasons and dissolved NOMs were concentrated. The chemical and structural differences of these NOMs were compared with the Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) SRHA using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermal analysis and FTIR confirmed that differences in composition, structure, and functional groups are a result of SRHA fractionation compared to whole molecule OR-NOM. The influence of OR-NOMs on the surface charge of CeO2 NPs and the effects on the transport and retention in a three-phase (deposition-rinse-re-entrainment) sand-packed columns were investigated at CeO2 NPs initial concertation of 10ppm, pH6.8, increasing ionic strength (3, 5, and 10mM), retention time of 1min, and increasing NOM concentration (1, 5, and 10ppm). The summer OR-NOM showed higher stabilization and mobilization effect on the CeO2 than the winter NOM; while their effect was very different form the SRHA. The stabilization of NPs is attributed to both electrostatic and steric effects. The differences in the chemical structure of the complex and heterogeneous NOMs showed disparate reactivity and direct impact on CeO2-NPs stability. Using SRHA to study the effect of NOM for drinking water related assessment does not sufficiently represent the natural conditions of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NRMRL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive (MS 443), Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States
| | - Jonathan G Pressman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NRMRL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive (MS 443), Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States
| | - Changseok Han
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NRMRL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive (MS 443), Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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Mezgebe B, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Hassan AA, Lu J. Performance of Anaerobic Biotrickling Filter and its Microbial Diversity for the Removal of Stripped Disinfection Byproducts. Water Air Soil Pollut 2017; 228:1-437. [PMID: 29225380 PMCID: PMC5716356 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the biodegradation of chloroform by using biotrickling filter (BTF) and determining the dominant bacteria responsible for the degradation. The research was conducted in three phases under anaerobic condition, namely, in the presence of co-metabolite (Phase I), in the presence of co-metabolite and surfactant (Phase II) and in the presence of surfactant but no co-metabolite (Phase III). The results showed that the presence of ethanol as a co-metabolite provided 49% removal efficiency. The equivalent elimination capacity (EC) was 0.13 g/(m3.hr). The addition of Tomadol 25 - 7 as a surfactant in the nutrient solution increased the removal efficiency of chloroform to 64% with corresponding EC of 0.17 g/(m3.hr). This research also investigated the overall microbial ecology of the BTF utilizing culture-independent gene sequencing alignment of the 16S rRNA allowing identification of isolated species. Taxonomical composition revealed the abundance of deltaproteobacteria and deltaproteobacteria with species level of 97%. A. oryzae (formally dechlorosoma suillum), A. restrica and Geobacter spp. together with other similar groups were the most valuable bacteria for the degradation of chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineyam Mezgebe
- PhD Candidate, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - George A. Sorial
- Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed, , Tel: +1 (513) 556-2987
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- Senior Scientist, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Research Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105
| | - Jingrang Lu
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Wohlleben W, Kingston C, Carter J, Sahle-Demessie E, Vázquez-Campos S, Acrey B, Chen CY, Walton E, Egenolf H, Müller P, Zepp R. NanoRelease: Pilot interlaboratory comparison of a weathering protocol applied to resilient and labile polymers with and without embedded carbon nanotubes. Carbon N Y 2017; 113:346-360. [PMID: 30147114 PMCID: PMC6104645 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A major use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is as functional fillers embedded in a solid matrix, such as plastics or coatings. Weathering and abrasion of the solid matrix during use can lead to environmental releases of the MWCNTs. Here we focus on a protocol to identify and quantify the primary release induced by weathering, and assess reproducibility, transferability, and sensitivity towards different materials and uses. We prepared 132 specimens of two polymer-MWCNT composites containing the same grade of MWCNTs used in earlier OECD hazard assessments but without UV stabilizer. We report on a pilot inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) with four labs (two US and two EU) aging by UV and rain, then shipping for analysis. Two labs (one US and one EU) conducted the release sampling and analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), UltravioleteVisible Spectroscopy (UVeVis), Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4). We compare results between aging labs, between analysis labs and between materials. Surprisingly, we found quantitative agreement between analysis labs for TEM, ICP-MS, UVeVis; low variation between aging labs by all methods; and consistent rankings of release between TEM, ICP-MS, UVeVis, AUC. Significant disagreement was related primarily to differences in aging, but even these cases remained within a factor of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Janet Carter
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USA
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Brad Acrey
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- Student Services Associate
| | - Chia-Ying Chen
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- National Research Council Associate
| | - Ernest Walton
- EPA, Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heiko Egenolf
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp Müller
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Richard Zepp
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- Corresponding author. (R. Zepp)
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Palanisamy K, Mezgebe B, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E. Biofiltration of Chloroform in a Trickle Bed Air Biofilter Under Acidic Conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut 2016; 227:10.1007/s11270-016-3194-3. [PMID: 32704191 PMCID: PMC7377216 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-3194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the application of biofiltration is investigated for controlled removal of gas phase chloroform through cometabolic degradation with ethanol. A trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB) operated under acidic pH 4 is subjected to aerobic biodegradation of chloroform and ethanol. The TBAB is composed of pelleted diatomaceous earth filter media inoculated with filamentous fungi species, which served as the principle biodegrading microorganism. The removal efficiencies of 5 ppmv of chloroform mixed with different ratios of ethanol as cometabolite (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppmv) ranged between 69.9 and 80.9%. The removal efficiency, reaction rate kinetics, and the elimination capacity increased proportionately with an increase in the cometabolite concentration. The carbon recovery from the TBAB amounted to 69.6% of the total carbon input. It is postulated that the remaining carbon contributed to excess biomass yield within the system. Biomass control strategies such as starvation and stagnation were employed at different phases of the experiment. The chloroform removal kinetics provided a maximum reaction rate constant of 0.0018 s-1. The highest ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD)removal/nitrogenutilization was observed at 14.5. This study provides significant evidence that the biodegradation of a highly chlorinated methane can be favored by cometabolism in a fungi-based TBAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthisaranya Palanisamy
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bineyam Mezgebe
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Zhao A, Hahn B, Grecsek H. Interaction of engineered nanomaterials with hydrophobic organic pollutants. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:284003. [PMID: 27265536 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/284003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As nanomaterials become an increasing part of everyday consumer products, it is imperative to monitor their potential release during production, use and disposal, and to assess their impact on the health of humans and the ecosystem. This necessitates research to better understand how the properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) lead to their accumulation and redistribution in the environment, and to assess whether they could become novel pollutants or if they can affect the mobility and bioavailability of other toxins. This study focuses on understanding the influence of nanostructured-TiO2 and the interaction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with organic pollutants in water. We studied the adsorption and water phase dispersion of model pollutants with relatively small water solubility (i.e., two- and three-ring polyaromatic hydrocarbons and insecticides) with respect to ENMs. The sorption of pollutants was measured based on water phase analysis, and by separating suspended particles from the water phase and analyzing dried samples using integrated thermal-chromatographic-mass spectroscopic (TGA/GC/MS) techniques. Solid phase analysis using a combination of TGA/GC/MS is a novel technique that can provide real-time quantitative analysis and which helps to understand the interaction of hydrophobic organic pollutants and ENMs. The adsorption of these contaminants to nanomaterials increased the concentration of the contaminants in the aqueous phase as compared to the 'real' partitioning due to the octanol-water partitioning. The study showed that ENMs can significantly influence the adsorption and dispersion of hydrophobic/low water soluble contaminants. The type of ENM, the exposure to light, and the water pH have a significant influence on the partitioning of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sahle-Demessie
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Varshney G, Kanel SR, Kempisty DM, Varshney V, Agrawal A, Sahle-Demessie E, Varma RS, Nadagouda MN. Nanoscale TiO2 films and their application in remediation of organic pollutants. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rahman LU, Shah A, Lunsford SK, Han C, Nadagouda MN, Sahle-Demessie E, Qureshi R, Khan MS, Kraatz HB, Dionysiou DD. Monitoring of 2-butanone using a Ag–Cu bimetallic alloy nanoscale electrochemical sensor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03633j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu–Ag alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel method and coated over a glassy carbon electrode for the detection of a carcinogen, 2-butanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif-ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | | | - Changseok Han
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- Water Quality Management Branch
- Water Supply and Water Resources Division
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency
- Cincinnati
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Sustainable Technology Division
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Rumana Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | | | - Dionysios. D. Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
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Rosenzweig S, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, McAvoy DC. Optimizing the physical-chemical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on Cu(II) adsorption. J Hazard Mater 2014; 279:410-417. [PMID: 25103452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Systematic experiments of copper adsorption on 10 different commercially available nanomaterials were studied for the influence of physical-chemical properties and their interactions. Design of experiment and response surface methodology was used to develop a polynomial model to predict maximum copper adsorption (initial concentration, Co=10mg/L) per mass of nanomaterial, qe, using multivariable regression and maximum R-square criterion. The best subsets of properties to predict qe in order of significant contribution to the model were: bulk density, ID, mesopore volume, tube length, pore size, zeta-charge, specific surface area and OD. The highest experimental qe observed was for an alcohol-functionalized MWCNT (16.7mg/g) with relative high bulk density (0.48g/cm(3)), ID (2-5nm), 10-30μm long and OD<8nm. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) showed poor adsorptive capacity associated to stacked-nanoplatelets, but good colloidal stability due to high functionalized surface. Good adsorption results for pristine SWCNT indicated that tubes with small diameter were more associated with good adsorption than functionalized surface. XPS and ICP analysis explored surface chemistry and purity, but pHpzc and zeta-charge were ultimately applied to indicate the degree of functionalization. Optimum CNT were identified in the scatter plot, but actual manufacturing processes introduced size and shape variations which interfered with final property results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Rosenzweig
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering (BCEE), College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering (BCEE), College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NRMRL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive (MS 443), Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Drew C McAvoy
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering (BCEE), College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
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Jing H, Mezgebe B, Aly Hassan A, Sahle-Demessie E, Sorial GA, Bennett-Stamper C. Experimental and modeling studies of sorption of ceria nanoparticle on microbial biofilms. Bioresour Technol 2014; 161:109-117. [PMID: 24690581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the interaction of ceria nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilms. Confocal laser microscopy and transmission electron microscopy determined the distribution of NPs in the complex structures of biofilm at molecular levels. Visual data showed that most of the adsorption takes place on the bacterial cell walls and spores. The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with biofilms reached equilibrium after the initial high adsorption rate regardless of biofilm heterogeneity and different nanoparticle concentrations in the bulk liquid. Physical processes may dominate this sorption phenomenon. Pseudo first order sorption kinetics was used to estimate adsorption and desorption rate of CeO2-NPs onto biofilms. When biofilms got exposed to CeO2-NPs, a self-protecting mechanism was observed. Cells moved away from the bulk solution in the biofilm matrix, and portions of biofilm outer layer were detached, hence releasing some CeO2-NPs back to the bulk phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Jing
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bineyam Mezgebe
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Office of Research and Development, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Li Z, Aly Hassan A, Sahle-Demessie E, Sorial GA. Transport of nanoparticles with dispersant through biofilm coated drinking water sand filters. Water Res 2013; 47:6457-6466. [PMID: 24050685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article characterizes, experimentally and theoretically, the transport and retention of engineered nanoparticles (NP) through sand filters at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) under realistic conditions. The transport of four commonly used NPs (ZnO, CeO2, TiO2, and Ag, with bare surfaces and coating agents) through filter beds filled with sands from either acid washed and calcined, freshly acquired filter media, and used filter media from active filter media, were investigated. The study was conducted using water obtained upstream of the sand filter at DWTP. The results have shown that capping agents have a determinant importance in the colloidal stability and transport of NPs through the different filter media. The presence of the biofilm in used filter media increased adsorption of NPs but its effects in retaining capped NPs was less significant. The data was used to build a mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation. The model was used to simulate the performance of a scale-up sand filter and the effects on filtration cycle of traditional sand filtration system used in DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
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Hassan AA, Li Z, Sahle-Demessie E, Sorial GA. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of transport and retention of nanoparticle in saturated sand filters. J Hazard Mater 2013; 244-245:251-258. [PMID: 23270949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and computational investigation of the transport parameters of nanoparticles (NPs) flowing through porous media has been made. This work intends to develop a simulation applicable to the transport and retention of NPs in saturated porous media for investigating the effect of process conditions and operating parameters such, as ion strength, and filtration efficiency. Experimental data obtained from tracer and nano-ceria, CeO(2), breakthrough studies were used to characterize dispersion of nanoparticle with the flow and their interaction with sand packed columns with different heights. Nanoparticle transport and concentration dynamics were solved using the Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS/FLUENT(®) based on a scaled down flow model. A numerical study using the Navier-Stokes equation with second order interaction terms was used to simulate the process. Parameters were estimated by fitting tracer, experimental NP transport data, and interaction of NP with the sand media. The model considers different concentrations of steady state inflow of NPs and different amounts of spike concentrations. Results suggest that steady state flow of dispersant-coated NPs would not be retained by a sand filter, while spike concentrations could be dampened effectively. Unlike analytical solutions, the CFD allows estimating flow profiles for structures with complex irregular geometry and uneven packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Aly Hassan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Rosenzweig S, Sorial GA, Sahle-Demessie E, Mack J. Effect of acid and alcohol network forces within functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes bundles on adsorption of copper (II) species. Chemosphere 2013; 90:395-402. [PMID: 22921655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The adsorptive capacity of multiwall CNTs for copper species in water depends on the type of functional group present on their surface. The alcohol (OH) and acid (COOH) network forces formed by van der Waals bonds within the CNT bundles can define their aggregate state and available sites for copper adsorption. Copper is attracted to different oxygen radicals on the surface and within the bundles of CNTs. The effect of initial concentration shown on isotherm curves was investigated as an impact of different network forces and the presence of impurities leached from as-received CNTs. Deprotonation of CNTs reduced the COOH network forces, improved adsorption capacity and removed the effect of initial concentration. Impurities leached from CNTs under the effect of pH were less than 1 mg g(-1) for each metal, which was insignificant compared to copper in solution. Pristine CNTs were acid washed and purified (Ox-CNTs), improving their adsorption capacity, but the effect of initial concentration was still present. Adsorption of copper is stronger for OH-functionalized CNTs, followed by deprotonated COOH-functionalized CNTs, as-received COOH-functionalized CNT, Ox-CNTs and finally pristine CNTs. FTIR, XPS and zeta potential measurements were used to identify and quantify the different surface functional groups present on CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Rosenzweig
- Environment Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
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Li Z, Sahle-Demessie E, Hassan AA, Sorial GA. Transport and deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles in water-saturated porous media. Water Res 2011; 45:4409-4418. [PMID: 21708395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ceria nanoparticles are used for fuel cell, metal polishing and automobile exhaust catalyst; however, little is known about the impact of their release to the environment. The stability, transport and deposition of engineered CeO2 nanoparticles through water-saturated column packed with sand were studied by monitoring effluent CeO2 concentration. The influence of solution chemistry such as ionic strength (1-10 mM) and pH (3-9) on the mobility and deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles was investigated by using a three-phase (deposition-rinse-reentrainment) procedure in packed bed columns. The results show that water chemistry governs the transport and deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles. Transport is significantly hindered at acidic conditions (pH 3) and high ionic strengths (10 mM and above), and the deposited CeO2 particles may not be re-entrained by increasing the pH or lowering the ionic strength of water. At neutral and alkaline conditions (pH6 and 9), and lower ionic strengths (below 10 mM), partial breakthrough of CeO2 nanoparticles was observed and particles can be partially detached and re-entrained from porous media by changing the solution chemistry. A mathematical model was developed based on advection-dispersion-adsorption equations and it successfully predicts the transport, deposition and re-entrainment of CeO2 nanoparticles through a packed bed. There is strong agreement between the deposition rate coefficients calculated from experimental data and predicted by the model. The successful prediction for attachment and detachment of nanoparticles during the deposition and re-entrainment phases is unique addition in this study. This work can be applied to access the risk of CeO2 nanoparticles transport in contaminated ground water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
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Almquist CB, Sahle-Demessie E, Sehker KSC, Sowash J. Methanol oxidation using ozone on titania-supported vanadia catalyst. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:4754-60. [PMID: 17695925 DOI: 10.1021/es062518u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-enhanced catalytic oxidation of methanol has been conducted at mild temperatures of 100-250 degrees C using a V2O5/ TiO2 catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, surface area measurements, and temperature-programmed desorption of methanol. The oxidation of methanol with ozone in the absence of a catalyst gave about 30% conversion at 100 degrees C. Methanol oxidation over a V2O5/TiO2 catalyst at 100 degrees C gave very little conversion with oxygen, whereas the conversion increased to 80% with ozone. Methanol, having an inlet stream concentration of 15 000 ppmv, can be completely oxidized to CO(x) with an ozone-to-methanol ratio of 1.2, a temperature of 150 degrees C, and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 60 000 h(-1). The apparent activation energy with ozone was calculated to be ca. 40 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that calculated with oxygen (60 kJ/mol). At low methanol conversion methyl formate was the main product, whereas higher conversions favored oxidation to CO(x). The results imply a consecutive reaction of adsorbed methanol species, favoring selectivity toward methyl formate at lower temperatures and ozone-to-methanol ratios and CO(x) at higher temperatures and ozone-to-methanol ratios. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics was used to model the reaction with and without ozone in the feed. The model parameters were obtained using least-squares fit to a selected set of experimental data, and the model was subsequently compared to all experimental data obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Almquist
- Paper Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Miami University, 246 Gaskill Hall, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
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Sahle-Demessie E, Grosse DW, Bates ER. Solvent extraction and soil washing treatment of contaminated soils from wood preserving sites: Bench-scale studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.3440100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bates ER, Sahle-Demessie E, Grosse DW. Solidification/stabilization for remediation of wood preserving sites: Treatment for dioxins, PCP, creosote, and metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.3440100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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