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Lane TR, Koebel D, Lucas E, Moyer R, Ekins S. In Vitro Characterization and Rescue of VX Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:574-579. [PMID: 38594080 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Venomous agent X (VX) is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and although it is one of the most toxic AChE inhibitors known, the extent of metabolism in humans is not currently well understood. The known metabolism in humans is limited to the metabolite identification from a single victim of the Osaka poisoning in 1994, which allowed for the identification of several metabolic products. VX has been reported to be metabolized in vitro by paraoxonase-1 and phosphotriesterase, although their binding constants are many orders of magnitude above the LD50, suggesting limited physiologic relevance. Using incubation with human liver microsomes (HLMs), we have now characterized the metabolism of VX and the formation of multiple metabolites as well as identified a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)] that enhances the metabolic rate. HLM incubation alone shows a pronounced increase in the metabolism of VX compared with buffer, suggesting that cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of VX is occurring. We identified a biphasic decay with two distinct rates of metabolism. The enhancement of VX metabolism in multiple buffers was assessed to attempt to mitigate the effect of hydrolysis rates. The formation of VX metabolites was shown to be shifted with HLMs, suggesting a pathway enhancement over simple hydrolysis. Additionally, our investigation of hydrolysis rates in various common buffers used in biologic assays discovered dramatic differences in VX stability. The new human in vitro VX metabolic data reported points to a potential in vivo treatment strategy (EDTA) for rescue in individuals that are poisoned though enhancement of metabolism alongside existing treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Venomous agent X (VX) is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and chemical weapon. To date, we do not possess a clear understanding of its metabolism in humans that would assist us in treating those exposed to it. This study now describes the human liver microsomal metabolism of VX and identifies ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which appears to enhance the rate of metabolism. This may provide a potential treatment option for human VX poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., S.E.) and Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (D.K., E.L., R.M.)
| | - David Koebel
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., S.E.) and Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (D.K., E.L., R.M.)
| | - Eric Lucas
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., S.E.) and Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (D.K., E.L., R.M.)
| | - Robert Moyer
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., S.E.) and Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (D.K., E.L., R.M.)
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., S.E.) and Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (D.K., E.L., R.M.)
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Fauteux A, Soares AO, Lucas E. Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Insect Sci 2024; 31:575-586. [PMID: 37563844 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Unlike European species, the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly studied. However, the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann), has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent, notably against the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, on pepper. The present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in a greenhouse cucumber crop. The preimaginal development and voracity of E. americanus were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest (A. gossypii) or the banker prey (bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L.) by daily observations of larvae from egg to adult. Preimaginal development time, survival rate, and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey species. The weight of third instar and pupae, however, was higher for larvae that fed on the banker prey. The ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species, except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal prey. Results suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing E. americanus for melon aphid biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Fauteux
- Laboratoire de lutte biologique, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonio Onofre Soares
- Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group (cE3c-ABG) & CHANGE-, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de lutte biologique, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Fauteux A, Fournier M, Soares AO, Lucas E. The right banker plant for the right application: Comparison of three candidates for aphid biocontrol, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn). Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38372415 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In temperate regions, aphid biological control in greenhouses is mostly achieved by the regular release of biocontrol agents. Due to the rapid growth rate of the aphid population, biocontrol agents must be released frequently in order to be present before pest outbreaks and to act rapidly to prevent exceeding the economic threshold. Banker plants reduce these numerous releases by providing natural enemies with a high-quality environment to develop and reproduce. Optimally, banker plants should be easy to produce, resistant to environmental conditions, provide a large amount of suitable banker prey in order to produce a high number of biocontrol agents, and resist the herbivory pressure of the banker prey. The present study aimed to compare the value of three banker plant candidates of the Poaceae family under laboratory and greenhouse conditions: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn), and corn (Zea mays L.). RESULTS Our results show that the three plants were suitable for different contexts. Finger millet yielded the biggest fresh plant biomass, supported the highest load of banker prey, and resisted aphid feeding longer than the other plant species. Corn was the cheapest to produce, and barley was the fastest to grow. CONCLUSIONS Overall, finger millet could be more fitted for long crop cycles, pests with rapid population growth rates, and voracious or fast-reproducing biocontrol agents. Meanwhile, barley and corn may be better suited for rapid crop cycles, pests with slow population growth rates, and biocontrol agents that are not too voracious or have low reproductive rates. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Fauteux
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Fournier
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonio Onofre Soares
- cE3c-ABG-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Bhatla N, Muwonge R, Malvi SG, Joshi S, Poli URR, Lucas E, Esmy PO, Verma Y, Shah A, Zomawia E, Pimple S, Jayant K, Hingmire S, Chiwate A, Vashist S, Mishra G, Jadhav R, Siddiqi M, Anantharaman D, Panicker G, Butt J, Sankaran S, Kannan TPRA, Varghese R, Kartha P, Pillai MR, Waterboer T, Müller M, Sehr P, Unger ER, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P. Impact of age at vaccination and cervical HPV infection status on binding and neutralizing antibody titers at 10 years after receiving single or higher doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2289242. [PMID: 38078840 PMCID: PMC10760374 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2289242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term follow-up of a cohort of unmarried girls who received one, two, or three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine, between 10 and 18 years of age, in an Indian multi-centric study allowed us to compare antibody responses between the younger and older age cohorts at 10-years post-vaccination, and study the impact of initiation of sexual activity and cervical HPV infections on antibody levels. Among the younger (10-14 years) recipients of a single dose, 97.7% and 98.2% had detectable binding antibody titers against HPV 16 and HPV 18 respectively at ten years post-vaccination. The proportions among those receiving a single dose at age 15-18 years were 92.3% and 94.2% against HPV 16 and HPV 18 respectively. Mean HPV 16 binding antibody titers were 2.1 folds (95%CI 1.4 to 3.3) higher in those vaccinated at ages 10-14 years, and 1.9 folds (95%CI 1.2 to 3.0) higher in those vaccinated at 15-18 years compared to mean titers seen in the unvaccinated women. Compared to previous timepoints of 36 or 48 months, binding antibodies against HPV 16 and neutralizing antibodies against both HPV 16 and HPV 18 were significantly higher at 10 years. This rise was more pronounced in participants vaccinated at 15-18 years. No association of marital status or cervical HPV infections was observed with the rise in titer. Durability of antibody response in single dose recipients correlated well with the high efficacy of a single dose against persistent HPV 16/18 infections irrespective of age at vaccination, as we reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sylla G. Malvi
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Solapur, India
| | - Smita Joshi
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pulikkottil O. Esmy
- Department of Oncology, Christian Fellowship Community Health Centre, Ambillikai (near Oddanchathram), India
| | - Yogesh Verma
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, India
| | - Anand Shah
- Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute (GCRI), M.P. Shah Cancer Hospital, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Eric Zomawia
- National Health Mission, Civil Hospital, Aizawl, India
| | - Sharmila Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE), Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Kasturi Jayant
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Solapur, India
| | - Sanjay Hingmire
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Solapur, India
| | - Aruna Chiwate
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Solapur, India
| | - Shachi Vashist
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauravi Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE), Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Radhika Jadhav
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | | | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Cancer Research Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gitika Panicker
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia Butt
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subha Sankaran
- Cancer Research Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Rintu Varghese
- Cancer Research Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Purnima Kartha
- Cancer Research Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M. Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sehr
- EMBL-DKFZ Chemical Biology Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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M de Carvalho T, Man I, Georges D, Saraswati LR, Bhandari P, Kataria I, Siddiqui M, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Berkhof J, Bogaards JA, Baussano I. Health and economic effects of introducing single-dose or two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in India. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012580. [PMID: 37931940 PMCID: PMC10632817 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in India, where access to prevention programmes is low. The WHO-Strategic Advisory Group of Experts recently updated their recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to include a single-dose option in addition to the two-dose option, which could make HPV vaccination programmes easier to implement and more affordable. METHODS We combined projections from a type-specific HPV transmission model and a cancer progression model to assess the health and economic effects of HPV vaccination at national and state level in India. The models used national and state-specific Indian demographic, epidemiological and cost data, and single-dose vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer India vaccine trial with 10-year follow-up. We compared single-dose and two-dose HPV vaccination for a range of plausible scenarios regarding single-dose vaccine protection, coverage and catch-up. We used a healthcare sector payer perspective with a time horizon of 100 years. RESULTS Under the base-case scenario of lifelong protection of single-dose vaccination in 10-year-old girls with 90% coverage, the discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of nationwide vaccination relative to no vaccination was US$406 (₹INR30 000) per DALY (disability-adjusted life-years) averted. This lay below an opportunity-cost-based threshold of 30% Indian gross domestic product per capita in each Indian state (state-specific ICER range: US$67-US$593 per DALY averted). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus no vaccination vaccination was US$1404 (₹INR104 000). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus single-dose vaccination, assuming lower initial efficacy and waning of single-dose vaccination, was at least US$2282 (₹INR169 000) per DALY averted. CONCLUSIONS Nationwide introduction of single-dose HPV vaccination at age 10 in India is highly likely to be cost-effective whereas extending the number of doses from one to two would have a less favourable profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M de Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Man
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Prince Bhandari
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishu Kataria
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariam Siddiqui
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Sauvaget C, Boutayeb S, Bendahhou K, Selmouni F, Belbaraka R, Muwonge R, Hassouni K, Lucas E, Alaoui L, Ibrahim Khalil A, Bennani M, Chami Y, Bekkali R. The journey of cancer patients and the quest to equity: findings from Morocco. Public Health 2023; 223:33-41. [PMID: 37597462 PMCID: PMC10547108 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid diagnostic and assessment pathways for cancer patients provide timely and effective care. This study took place in Morocco, where the majority of patients treated in the public sector are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of different time intervals along the cancer patient pathway and to highlight problem areas so that strategies can be implemented to make the process more equitable and effective. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Recently diagnosed cancer patients were recruited from four major oncology centres in Morocco; namely, Marrakech, Casablanca, Rabat, and Fez. A questionnaire survey was administered, including sociodemographic and medical information and questions on access to the oncology centre, beliefs, and opinions on the medical staff. The dates of symptom recognition, assessment, diagnosis referral, biopsy, and treatment initiation were collected. Different time intervals (patient, diagnosis, biopsy, and treatment) were estimated and their determinants were investigated. RESULTS A total of 812 patients were interviewed. The majority of participants were breast cancer patients. In total, 60% of participants were at stage III-IV. The main facilitators of cancer diagnosis confirmation and treatment initiation were easy access to diagnosis and treatment facilities, financial resources, personal history of cancer, time availability, late stage at diagnosis, advanced age, and private health insurance. The patient interval (i.e., time from symptom recognition to initial healthcare assessment) had a median duration of 30 days. The biopsy and treatment intervals were within the current international recommendations (7 and 28 days, respectively). However, the diagnosis interval (52 days) was twice as long as the recommended timeframes from the UK, Australia, and the World Health Organization (<28 days). CONCLUSIONS Interval targets should be defined to encourage health systems to be more equitable and effective and to ensure that cancer patients are treated within a defined timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - S Boutayeb
- National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - F Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - R Belbaraka
- Oncology and Hematology Centre, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - R Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - K Hassouni
- Oncology Centre, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - E Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - L Alaoui
- IQVIA Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Ibrahim Khalil
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Bennani
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Y Chami
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - R Bekkali
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
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Mosquera I, Barajas CB, Zhang L, Lucas E, Benitez Majano S, Maza M, Luciani S, Basu P, Carvalho AL. Assessment of organization of cervical and breast cancer screening programmes in the Latin American and the Caribbean states: The CanScreen5 framework. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19935-19948. [PMID: 37768035 PMCID: PMC10587918 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), breast cancer and cervical cancer are the first and third causes of cancer death among females. The objectives are to assess the characteristics of the cervical and breast cancer screening programmes in CELAC, their level of organization, and the association of screening organization and coverage of essential health services. METHODS Representatives of the Ministries of Health of 33 countries were invited to the CanScreen5 project. Twenty-seven countries participated in a "Train The Trainers" programme on cancer screening, and 26 submitted data using standardized questionnaires. Data were discussed and validated. The level of organization of the screening programmes was examined adapting the list of essential elements of organized screening programmes identified in a recently published IARC study. RESULTS Twenty-one countries reported a screening programme for cervical cancer and 15 for breast cancer. For cervical cancer, 14 countries dedicated budget for screening (66.7%), and women had to pay in 3 countries for screening (14.3%), 9 for diagnosis (42.9%) and 8 for treatment (38.1%). Only 4 countries had a system to invite women individually (19.0%). For breast cancer, 8 countries dedicated budget for screening (53.3%), and women had to pay for screening in 3 countries (20.0%), diagnosis in 7 (46.7%) and treatment in 6 (40.0%). One country (6.7%) invited women individually. There was variability in the level of organization of both cancer screening programmes. The level of organization of cervical cancer screening and coverage of essential health services were correlated. CONCLUSION Large gaps were identified in the organization of cervical and breast cancer screening services. CELAC governments need pragmatic public health policies and strengthened health systems. They should guarantee sustainable funding, and universal access to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, countries should enhance their health information system and ensure adequate monitoring and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mosquera
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Sara Benitez Majano
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashingtonDCUSA
- Inequalities in Cancer Outcomes NetworkLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | | | | | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Andre L. Carvalho
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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Sauvaget C, Selmouni F, Dangbemey DP, Kpebo DDO, Dieng NM, Nkele NN, Lucas E, Hounkpatin B, Chami Khazraji Y, Bennani M, Bekkali R, Basu P. Scaling-Up Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspectives From Local Health Policymakers. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300115. [PMID: 37441744 PMCID: PMC10581643 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Djima Patrice Dangbemey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Ndeye Mbombe Dieng
- Division of Noncommunicable Disease Control, Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndeki Ngoh Nkele
- Women Health Promotion Gynaecological Surgery Centre, Biyemassi Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Hounkpatin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Maria Bennani
- Foundation Lalla Salma, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bekkali
- Foundation Lalla Salma, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Mallafré-Larrosa M, Ritchie D, Papi G, Mosquera I, Mensah K, Lucas E, Bøje RB, Kirkegaard P, Andersen B, Basu P. Survey of current policies towards widening cervical screening coverage among vulnerable women in 22 European countries. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:502-508. [PMID: 37043751 PMCID: PMC10234668 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the status of cervical cancer screening (CCS) implementation in Europe by investigating national or regional policies towards broadening coverage of CCS amongst vulnerable subgroups of the population at high risk for CC. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022 with CCS programme managers and experts to identify and rank six population subgroups at high risk considered most vulnerable to CC and to map existing policies that addressed the coverage of CCS towards population sub-groups at risk. RESULTS A total of 31 responses were received from experts covering 22 European countries. The results of this survey suggest that whilst many countries identify lower coverage of CCS amongst population subgroups at high risk of CC as a public health problem, few countries have developed dedicated policies towards broadening coverage among these subgroups. The six countries who reported having done so were concentrated in the Northern or Western European regions, suggesting the existence of geographical disparities within the continent. A key challenge in this respect is the difficulty to categorize subgroups of the target population; many individuals are burdened by intersectionality thereby resting in multiple categories, which may hinder the effectiveness of interventions targeted to reach specific subgroups. CONCLUSION A greater clarity on the conceptualization of vulnerability can help countries to develop and subsequently implement strategies to increase coverage to subgroups of the target population currently underserved with regards to CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Mallafré-Larrosa
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ritchie
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ginevra Papi
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Mosquera
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Keitly Mensah
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Rikke Buus Bøje
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
| | - Pia Kirkegaard
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
| | - Berit Andersen
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Lucas E, Murillo R, Arrossi S, Bárcena M, Chami Y, Nessa A, Perera S, Silva P, Sangrajrang S, Muwonge R, Basu P. Quantification of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening programmes - a case study from Argentina, Bangladesh, Colombia, Morocco, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. eLife 2023; 12:e86527. [PMID: 37191660 PMCID: PMC10188105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is quite well documented that the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer screening services in all countries, irrespective of their resources and healthcare settings. While quantitative estimates on reduction in volume of screening tests or diagnostic evaluation are readily available from the high-income countries, very little data are available from the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). From the CanScreen5 global cancer screening data repository we identified six LMICs through purposive sampling based on the availability of cancer screening data at least for the years 2019 and 2020. These countries represented those in high human development index (HDI) categories (Argentina, Colombia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) and medium HDI categories (Bangladesh and Morocco). No data were available from low HDI countries to perform similar analysis. The reduction in the volume of tests in 2020 compared to the previous year ranged from 14.1% in Bangladesh to 72.9% in Argentina (regional programme) for cervical screening, from 14.2% in Bangladesh to 49.4% in Morocco for breast cancer screening and 30.7% in Thailand for colorectal cancer screening. Number of colposcopies was reduced in 2020 compared to previous year by 88.9% in Argentina, 38.2% in Colombia, 27.4% in Bangladesh, and 52.2% in Morocco. The reduction in detection rates of CIN 2 or worse lesions ranged from 20.7% in Morocco to 45.4% in Argentina. Reduction of breast cancer detection by 19.1% was reported from Morocco. No association of the impact of pandemic could be seen with HDI categories. Quantifying the impact of service disruptions in screening and diagnostic tests will allow the programmes to strategize how to ramp up services to clear the backlogs in screening and more crucially in further evaluation of screen positives. The data can be used to estimate the impact on stage distribution and avoidable mortality from these common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Raul Murillo
- Hospital Universitario San IgnacioBogotaColombia
| | | | | | - Youssef Chami
- Foundation Lalla Salma Cancer prevention and treatmentRabatMorocco
| | - Ashrafun Nessa
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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Zhang L, Mosquera I, Lucas E, Rol ML, Carvalho AL, Basu P. CanScreen5, a global repository for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programs. Nat Med 2023; 29:1135-1145. [PMID: 37106168 PMCID: PMC10202799 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The CanScreen5 project is a global cancer screening data repository that aims to report the status and performance of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programs using a harmonized set of criteria and indicators. Data collected mainly from the Ministry of Health in each country underwent quality validation and ultimately became publicly available through a Web-based portal. Until September 2022, 84 participating countries reported data for breast (n = 57), cervical (n = 75) or colorectal (n = 51) cancer screening programs in the repository. Substantial heterogeneity was observed regarding program organization and performance. Reported screening coverage ranged from 1.7% (Bangladesh) to 85.5% (England, United Kingdom) for breast cancer, from 2.1% (Côte d'Ivoire) to 86.3% (Sweden) for cervical cancer, and from 0.6% (Hungary) to 64.5% (the Netherlands) for colorectal cancer screening programs. Large variability was observed regarding compliance to further assessment of screening programs and detection rates reported for precancers and cancers. A concern is lack of data to estimate performance indicators across the screening continuum. This underscores the need for programs to incorporate quality assurance protocols supported by robust information systems. Program organization requires improvement in resource-limited settings, where screening is likely to be resource-stratified and tailored to country-specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Luz Rol
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Dumont F, Solà M, Provost C, Lucas E. The Potential of Nabis americoferus and Orius insidiosus as Biological Control Agents of Lygus lineolaris in Strawberry Fields. Insects 2023; 14:385. [PMID: 37103200 PMCID: PMC10146207 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, is a major strawberry pest. Only marginally effective control methods exist to manage this pest. Various predators attack L. lineolaris, but their potential is overlooked. In this study, we explore the potential of two omnivorous predators of the tarnished plant bug: the damsel bug, Nabis americoferus, and the minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus. Firstly, the predation rate of these predators was measured in laboratory tests. Secondly, their potential release rates and release periods were determined in the field using strawberry plants. The results show that N. americoferus feeds on all nymphal stages and adults of the tarnished plant bug, while O. insidiosus attacks only smaller nymphs (up to the N2 stage). In the field, all tested densities of N. americoferus (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 individual/plant) reduced the population of the tarnished plant bug for several weeks compared with the control treatment, but the effect of O. insidiosus alone was marginal. Additionally, for all the release periods tested, Nabis americoferus was efficient in reducing the pest population. These results demonstrate the potential of N. americoferus to control the tarnished plant bug in strawberry fields. We discuss the possible application of these results for establishing an effective and economically viable biological control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Dumont
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850 Rue de Belle-Rivières, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Mireia Solà
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850 Rue de Belle-Rivières, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Caroline Provost
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850 Rue de Belle-Rivières, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte biologique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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D’Ottavio M, Boquel S, Labrie G, Lucas E. Landscape Effects on the Cabbage Seedpod Weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and on Its Parasitoid, Trichomalus perfectus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in Canola. Insects 2023; 14:327. [PMID: 37103142 PMCID: PMC10145420 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, an exotic pest accidentally introduced in North America in 1931, spread all over this continent and is now a major pest of canola crops. One of its main natural enemies in Europe, Trichomalus perfectus, was observed in eastern Canada in 2009. This study aimed to evaluate the landscape influence on CSW infestation and abundance and on T. perfectus parasitism in Quebec to understand the optimal conditions to potentially release this parasitoid in the Canadian Prairies. Field research was conducted in 19 to 28 canola fields per year, from 2015 to 2020, among eight Quebec regions. CSW was sampled by sweep net during canola blooming and parasitoids by collecting canola pods kept in emergence boxes until adults emerge. Infestation and parasitism calculations were based on pod emergence holes. For analysis, 20 landscape predictors were considered. Results show that CSW infestation and abundance increased if there were more roads and cereal crops in the landscapes. Meanwhile, T. perfectus parasitism decreased when hedgerows length and distance from water were longer. However, it increased when landscape diversity and average crop perimeter-to-area ratio were higher, and along with more hay/pastures and soybean crops. This study's results highlight that these four landscape predictors could provide more resources and overwintering areas, promoting greater efficiency of T. perfectus to control the CSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D’Ottavio
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sébastien Boquel
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Grains Inc. (CÉROM), 740, Chemin Trudeau, Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Geneviève Labrie
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel (CRAM), 9850, Rue Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Gonzalez N, Fauteux A, Louis JC, Buitenhuis R, Lucas E. Oviposition Preference of the American Hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus, between Banker Plants and Target Crops. Insects 2023; 14:295. [PMID: 36975980 PMCID: PMC10054090 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the oviposition preferences of predatory hoverflies is a key factor in the prediction of the success of these biological control agents against aphids in greenhouses, especially when using banker plant systems or in mixed-crop contexts. In this study, two aspects of the oviposition preferences of the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae), were evaluated. Firstly, the preference between the banker plant and the target crop was evaluated for three banker plant species (barley, finger millet, or corn) and two target crops (cucumber or pepper). Secondly, the preference between the same two target crops was assessed. Female oviposition preferences were evaluated via two-choice experiments using different plant/aphid systems. The results showed that, for the cucumber crops, the species of banker plant used drastically influenced the oviposition preference of the hoverfly, with a preference for barley over cucumber, cucumber over finger millet, and no preference between corn and cucumber. Unlike cucumber, when used with pepper, barley engendered a preference for the target crop. We conclude that the barley banker plant could be adequate for aphid control in pepper but not in cucumber crops. In a mixed-crop context, the American hoverfly had no preference between cucumber and pepper, which means it has the potential to protect both crops in a mixed-crop greenhouse context. This study shows that the banker plant system should be carefully chosen according to the crops/aphids present in the greenhouse to optimize the impact of the hoverfly as a biocontrol agent. Further work is required to confirm this choice of banker plant in semifield or field testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Succursale Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Arlette Fauteux
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Succursale Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Louis
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Succursale Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Rosemarije Buitenhuis
- Vineland Research and Innovation Center, 4890 Victoria Ave. N., P.O. Box 4000, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Succursale Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Kouamé RM, Lynd A, Kouamé JK, Vavassori L, Abo K, Donnelly MJ, Edi C, Lucas E. Widespread occurrence of copy number variants and fixation of pyrethroid target site resistance in Anopheles gambiae ( s.l.) from southern Côte d'Ivoire. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2023; 3:100117. [PMID: 36970448 PMCID: PMC10031352 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) is conferred by a variety of genetic mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Knowledge of the distribution of these mutations in mosquito populations is a prerequisite for establishing better strategies for their management. In this study, a total of 755 Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from southern Côte d'Ivoire were exposed to deltamethrin or pirimiphos-methyl insecticides and were screened to assess the distribution of SNPs and CNVs known or believed to confer resistance to one or other of the insecticide classes. Most individuals from the An. gambiae (s.l.) complex were identified by molecular tests as Anopheles coluzzii. Survival to deltamethrin (from 94% to 97%) was higher than to pirimiphos-methyl (from 10% to 49%). In An. gambiae (s.s.), the SNP in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (Vgsc) at the 995F locus (Vgsc-995F) was fixed, while other target site mutations were rare or absent (Vgsc-402L: 0%; Vgsc-1570Y: 0%, Acetylcholinesterase Acel-280S: 14%). In An. coluzzii, Vgsc-995F was the target site SNP found at highest frequency (65%) followed by other target site mutations (Vgsc-402L: 36%; Vgsc-1570Y: 0.33%; Acel-280S: 45%). The Vgsc-995S SNP was not present. The presence of the Ace1-280S SNP was found to be significantly linked to the presence of the Ace1-CNV, Ace1_AgDup. Significant association was found between the presence of the Ace1_AgDup and pirimiphos-methyl resistance in An. gambiae (s.s.) but not in An. coluzzii. The deletion Ace1_Del97 was found in one specimen of An. gambiae (s.s.). Four CNVs in the Cyp6aa/Cyp6p gene cluster, which contains genes of known importance for resistance, were detected in An. coluzzii, the most frequent being Dup 7 (42%) and Dup 14 (26%). While none of these individual CNV alleles were significantly associated with resistance, copy number in the Cyp6aa gene region in general was associated with increased resistance to deltamethrin. Elevated expression of Cyp6p3 was nearly associated with deltamethrin resistance, although there was no association of resistance with copy number. Use of alternative insecticides and control methods to arrest resistance spread in An. coluzzii populations is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M.A. Kouamé
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Amy Lynd
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jackson K.I. Kouamé
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Laura Vavassori
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kouabénan Abo
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Martin J. Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Constant Edi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Eric Lucas
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Salimzadeh H, Sauvaget C, Delavari A, Sadeghi A, Amani M, Salimzadeh S, Karimi A, Ghanbari Motlagh A, Lucas E, Basu P, Malekzadeh R. Colorectal Cancer Screening Pilot Project in Tehran-Iran, a Feasibility Study. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:138-146. [PMID: 37543936 PMCID: PMC10685729 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iran, where there is no organised CRC-screening programme. This study aimed to evaluate feasibility of CRC screening using a qualitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) among Iranian average-risk adults. METHODS In this feasibility study, 7039 individuals aged 50-75 years were invited by community health workers (CHWs) in southern Tehran and its suburban districts between April 2018 and November 2019. The CHWs performed a qualitative FIT with cut-off level 50 ng Hb/mL buffer and referred those with positive-FIT for colonoscopy to the endoscopy center of Shariati hospital in Tehran. Outcomes included acceptance rate, FIT positivity rate, colonoscopy compliance, detection rates and positive predictive values (PPVs) with 95% confidence interval for CRC and advanced adenomas (AAs). RESULTS Acceptance rate at initial invitation was 71.7%. From 4974 average-risk adults (1600 males and 3374 females) who were offered FIT, 96.8% (n=4813) provided valid samples, of whom 471 (9.8%) tested positive. Among FIT-positive participants, 150 (31.8%) underwent colonoscopy; CRC was detected in 2.0% (n=3) and adenomas in 27.3% (n=41). Detection rate of CRC and AAs per 1000-FIT-screened participants was 0.6 (0.1-1.8) [males: 0.7 (0.01-3.6), females: 0.6 (0.07-2.0)] and 4.2 (2.5-6.4) [males: 5.9 (2.6-11.0), females: 3.4 (1.7-6.0)], respectively. PPVs were 2.0% (0.4-5.7) for CRC and 13.3% (8.3-19.8) for AAs. There was no association between gender and the studied outcomes. CONCLUSION Our results partially support the feasibility of scaling up organized CRC-screening through the existing healthcare system in Iran; it remains to be discussed carefully to ensure the capacity of healthcare system for adequate colonoscopy services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Salimzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Sadeghi
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Salimzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Karimi
- Deputy of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Desroches C, Bouchard P, Labrie G, Lucas E. Assemblage of Ceutorhynchinae Weevils Associated With Brassicaceae in Quebec (Canada) Agroecosystems. Environ Entomol 2023; 52:18-30. [PMID: 36424848 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ceutorhynchinae Gistel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are a highly diverse phytophagous group of weevils in which the most species rich genus, Ceutorhynchus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is mainly associated with Brassicaceae. Some Ceutorhynchinae, such as the invasive cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), are important pests of cultivated Brassicaceae, and others are natural enemies of weeds and potential biological control agents. This study aims to characterize Ceutorhynchinae assemblages in canola growing regions of Quebec. Ceutorhynchinae were sampled in areas adjacent to canola fields or other crops in six administrative regions of Quebec during the summers of 2019 and 2020. A total of 25 Ceutorhynchinae species were collected and identified. Canonical analysis and multivariate regression tree analysis revealed that the assemblage of Ceutorhynchinae varied regionally and was either dominated by the invasive canola pest CSW or by the native weevil Ceutorhynchus neglectus Blatchley. Our results also highlighted new biological associations between weevils and Brassicaceae like the CSW with the yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris R. Br., native Ceutorhynchus pauxillus Dietz with common pepper grass, Lepidium densiflorum, and native Ceutorhynchus semirufus LeConte with Pennsylvania bittercress, Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. This study also provides a useful tool to find new biological control agents against Brassicaceae weeds and to monitor the abundance and diversity of this taxon and provide baseline data to assess future impacts of exotic parasitoids of CSW on native weevils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Desroches
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Center Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Geneviève Labrie
- Centre de recherche agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850 rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC, Canada, J7N 2X8
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 1Y4
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Ramadas K, Basu P, Mathew BS, Muwonge R, Venugopal M, Prakasan AM, Malu R, Lucas E, Augustine P, Mony RP, Thara S, Sankaranarayanan R. Effectiveness of triennial screening with clinical breast examination: 14-years follow-up outcomes of randomized clinical trial in Trivandrum, India. Cancer 2023; 129:272-282. [PMID: 36321193 PMCID: PMC10091935 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study presents the preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) initiated in January 2006 in India to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical breast examination (CBE) in reducing breast cancer mortality as compared to a no-screening control group reported significant downstaging in the intervention group. The present manuscript reports long-term follow-up outcomes. METHODS Women 30-69 years old from 133 intervention clusters and 141 control clusters were invited to participate. Women in the intervention arm underwent three rounds of CBE every 3 years. CBE-positive women were reexamined by a physician, and triple-assessment was performed on those confirmed to have abnormalities. All participants were followed through home visits and linkage with population-based cancer registry. RESULTS Of the 55,843 eligible women in the intervention arm, 95.7% had CBE at least once and 11.5% were CBE-positive. Breast cancers were diagnosed in 335 participants in the intervention group and 273 in the control group (N = 59,447). Age-standardized incidence rate of early cancer was 30.4 of 100,000 in the intervention and 21.9 of 100,000 in the control group, with a rate ratio (RR) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.8). The age-standardized breast cancer mortality rates were 11.3 and 11.1 per 100,000 in intervention and control arms, respectively (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.5) after 15 years. Five-year breast cancer survival rates were 77.0% in the intervention and 71.2% in the control groups (overall p value = .043). CONCLUSIONS Triennial CBE screening failed to demonstrate any mortality benefit despite achieving a shift toward earlier stage at detection and improved survival in the intervention arm. CBE is a valuable tool for diagnosis of breast cancer in symptomatic women especially in areas where mammography and/or breast cancer screening programs are not widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Rafi Malu
- Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
- Karkinos Healthcare, Kerala Operations, Ernakulam, India
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Joshi S, Muwonge R, Kulkarni V, Mandolkar M, Lucas E, Pujari S, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P. Can we increase the cervical cancer screening interval with an HPV test for women living with HIV? Results of a cohort study from Maharashtra, India. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:249-258. [PMID: 35852007 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
We are reporting (a) updated incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women who did not have colposcopic or histopathological disease at baseline and (b) disease outcomes among women treated for CIN and their follow-up HPV status; in a cohort of women living with HIV (WHIV). The median overall follow-up was 3.5 years (IQR 2.8-4.3). The incidence of any CIN and that of CIN 2 or worse disease was 16.7 and 7.0 per 1000 person-years of observation (PYO), respectively. Compared with women who were HPV negative at baseline, women who cleared HPV infection had 23.95 times increased risk of incident CIN 2 or worse lesions (95% CI 2.40-661.07). Women with persistent HPV infection had 138.18 times increased risk of CIN 2 or worse lesions (95% CI 20.30-3300.22). Complete disease regression was observed in 65.6% of the HPV positive women with high-grade CIN and were treated with thermal ablation but HPV persistence was seen in 44.8% of those with high-grade disease. Among those who did not have any disease at baseline and were also HPV negative, about 87% (95% CI 83.79-89.48) women remained HPV negative during consecutive HPV test/s with the median interval of 3.5 years. Long-term surveillance of WHIV treated for any CIN is necessary for the prevention of cervical cancer among them. Our study provides an early indication that the currently recommended screening interval of 3 to 5 years among WHIV may be extended to at least 5 years among HPV negative women. Increasing the screening interval can be cost saving and improve scalability among WHIV to support WHO's cervical cancer elimination initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Pune, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Karkinos Healthcare, Kerala Operations, Ernakulam, India
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Joshi S, Anantharaman D, Muwonge R, Bhatla N, Panicker G, Butt J, Rani Reddy Poli U, Malvi SG, Esmy PO, Lucas E, Verma Y, Shah A, Zomawia E, Pimple S, Jayant K, Hingmire S, Chiwate A, Divate U, Vashist S, Mishra G, Jadhav R, Siddiqi M, Sankaran S, Pillai Rameshwari Ammal Kannan T, Kartha P, Shastri SS, Sauvaget C, Radhakrishna Pillai M, Waterboer T, Müller M, Sehr P, Unger ER, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P. Evaluation of immune response to single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine at 10-year post-vaccination. Vaccine 2023; 41:236-245. [PMID: 36446654 PMCID: PMC9792650 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent World Health Organization recommendation supporting single-dose of HPV vaccine will significantly reduce programmatic cost, mitigate the supply shortage, and simplify logistics, thus allowing more low- and middle-income countries to introduce the vaccine. From a programmatic perspective the durability of protection offered by a single-dose will be a key consideration. The primary objectives of the present study were to determine whether recipients of a single-dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine had sustained immune response against targeted HPV types (HPV 6,11,16,18) at 10 years post-vaccination and whether this response was superior to the natural antibody titres observed in unvaccinated women. METHODS Participants received at age 10-18 years either one, two or three doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Serology samples were obtained at different timepoints up to 10 years after vaccination from a convenience sample of vaccinated participants and from age-matched unvaccinated women at one timepoint. The evolution of the binding and neutralizing antibody response was presented by dose received. 10-year durability of immune responses induced by a single-dose was compared to that after three doses of the vaccine and in unvaccinated married women. RESULTS The dynamics of antibody response among the single-dose recipients observed over 120 months show stabilized levels 18 months after vaccination for all four HPV types. Although the HPV type-specific (binding or neutralizing) antibody titres after a single-dose were significantly inferior to those after three doses of the vaccine (lower bounds of GMT ratios < 0.5), they were all significantly higher than those observed in unvaccinated women following natural infections (GMT ratios: 2.05 to 4.04-fold higher). The results correlate well with the high vaccine efficacy of single-dose against persistent HPV 16/18 infections reported by us earlier at 10-years post-vaccination. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high and durable immune response in single-dose recipients of HPV vaccine at 10-years post vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune 411 001, India
| | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Gitika Panicker
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, USA
| | - Julia Butt
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sylla G Malvi
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra 413 401, India
| | - Pulikkottil O Esmy
- Christian Fellowship Community Health Centre, Ambillikai (near Oddanchathram), Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu 624 612, India
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Yogesh Verma
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Anand Shah
- Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute (GCRI), M.P. Shah Cancer Hospital, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380 016, India
| | | | - Sharmila Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE), Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Kasturi Jayant
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra 413 401, India
| | - Sanjay Hingmire
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra 413 401, India
| | - Aruna Chiwate
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra 413 401, India
| | - Uma Divate
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune 411 001, India
| | - Shachi Vashist
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Gauravi Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE), Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Radhika Jadhav
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune 411 001, India
| | - Maqsood Siddiqi
- Cancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 039, India
| | - Subha Sankaran
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | | | - Purnima Kartha
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Surendra S Shastri
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-3906, United States
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sehr
- EMBL-DKFZ Chemical Biology Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, USA
| | - Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Karkinos Healthcare, Kerala Operations, Ernakulam, India
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Brown KW, Lucas E, Hoppe IC, Humphries LS. A Review on Lumps, Bumps, and Birthmarks: When and Why to Refer. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e23-e30. [PMID: 36625801 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin lesions of the face, trunk, and extremities are commonly seen in the pediatric population. Although most of these lesions are benign, they can be locally destructive or interfere with normal development. Recognition and diagnosis of these lesions allow for timely workup and referral; treatment, if needed; and facilitation of parental discussions. The purpose of this article is to review common pediatric skin and soft-tissue lesions-or "lumps, bumps, and birthmarks"-to assist with diagnosis, workup, and guidelines for referral to pediatric plastic surgery. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(1):e23-e30.].
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Gheit T, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Galati L, Anantharaman D, McKay-Chopin S, Malvi SG, Jayant K, Joshi S, Esmy PO, Pillai MR, Basu P, Sankaranarayanan R, Tommasino M. Impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-related oral infections. Oral Oncol 2023; 136:106244. [PMID: 36402055 PMCID: PMC9833124 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Although the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in preventing the development of cervical pre-malignant lesions has been well demonstrated, the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in preventing HPV infection in the upper respiratory tract has been poorly studied. METHODS In the context of the IARC cohort study of two versus three doses of HPV vaccine in India, we compared the HPV type prevalence in the oral cavity of women vaccinated with three doses, two doses, or a single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine with that of unvaccinated women. A total of 997 oral samples, from 818 vaccinated women and 179 unvaccinated women, were collected at three study sites. All the participants were sexually active at the time of sample collection. RESULTS The age-standardized proportion (ASP) of HPV16/18 infections was 2.0 % (95 % CI, 1.0-3.0 %) in vaccinated women and 4.2 % (95 % CI, 1.2-7.2 %) in unvaccinated women. HPV16 was detected in 3.5 % of single-dose recipients, 1.2 % of two-dose recipients (days 1 and 180), and 1.5 % of three-dose recipients (days 1, 60, and 180), whereas 3.3 % of the unvaccinated women tested positive for HPV16. The same trend was observed for HPV18. DISCUSSION Our findings agree with those of previous studies on the efficacy of HPV vaccination in reducing oral HPV infections and provide indications that a single vaccine dose may be less efficient than two or three doses in preventing oral HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Luisa Galati
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sylla G Malvi
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kasturi Jayant
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Joshi
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | - Pulikkottil O Esmy
- Christian Fellowship Community Health Centre, Ambillikai, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Labarre D, Drolet I, Légaré JP, Breton M, Cormier D, Lucas E. Survey of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Natural Populations in Quebec Cranberry Bogs and Identification Using rDNA ITS-2 Sequence Analysis. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:2061-2067. [PMID: 36178336 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The province of Quebec, Canada is the most important organic cranberry growing region worldwide. However, insect pest management methods are limited, and growers face significant yield loss each year, mostly caused by lepidopteran pests. Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are effective biocontrol agents of lepidopteran pests in many forests and agricultural systems. Herein, a two-year, large-scale population survey of Trichogramma spp. was performed using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as sentinel eggs in Quebec organic cranberry bogs. Collected specimens were identified by sequencing ribosomal DNA of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) region and subjected to resemblance analysis with reference specimens for identification. Our results confirm that at least four Trichogramma species naturally occur in the studied agroecosystem. Those species are T. brassicae Bezdenko, T. minutum Riley, T. ostriniae (Pang et Chen), and T. pretiosum Riley. While some species have already been reported in cranberry bogs, this represents the first mention of T. brassicae and T. ostriniae as well as the first mention of T. minutum in Quebec cranberry bogs. All species collected are native from Eastern Canada except T. ostriniae. These species can be considered as biocontrol agent candidates for cranberry lepidopteran pests, but further efficacy trials are needed to identify the best species for each pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Labarre
- Biological Control Lab, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Quebec Cranberry Growers Association, 859 Ancienne Route de l'église, Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes, Québec, G0S 1T0, Canada
| | - I Drolet
- Club Environnemental et Technique Atocas Québec, Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes, Québec, G0S 1T0, Canada
| | - J-P Légaré
- Laboratoire d'Expertise et de Diagnostic en Phytoprotection, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de L'Alimentation du Québec, Complexe Scientifique 2700, Rue Einstein, D.1.200h Québec, Québec, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - M Breton
- Laboratoire d'Expertise et de Diagnostic en Phytoprotection, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de L'Alimentation du Québec, Complexe Scientifique 2700, Rue Einstein, D.1.200h Québec, Québec, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - D Cormier
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment, 335 Rang des Vingt-Cinq Est, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Québec, J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - E Lucas
- Biological Control Lab, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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Rol ML, Picconi MA, Ferrera A, Sánchez GI, Hernández MDLL, Lineros J, Peraza A, Brizuela M, Mendoza L, Mongelós P, Cabrera Y, Rodríguez de la Peña M, Correa RM, Terán C, Colque Reynaga D, García L, Ramírez AT, Hernández-Nevarez P, Doimi F, Ramón M, Arias-Stella J, Zúñiga M, Villagra V, Bobadilla ML, Cardinal L, Valls J, Lucas E, Baena A, Fleider L, Venegas G, Cruz-Valdez A, Rodríguez G, Calderón A, Wiesner C, Luciani S, Broutet N, Herrero R, Almonte M. Implementing HPV testing in 9 Latin American countries: The laboratory perspective as observed in the ESTAMPA study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1006038. [PMID: 36465901 PMCID: PMC9714610 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1006038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement of cytology screening with HPV testing is recommended and essential for cervical cancer elimination. HPV testing for primary screening was implemented in 12 laboratories within 9 Latin American countries, as part of the ESTAMPA cervical cancer screening study. Our observations provide information on critical operational aspects for HPV testing implementation in diverse resource settings. Methods We describe the implementation process of HPV testing in ESTAMPA, focusing on laboratory aspects. We assess the readiness of 12 laboratories to start HPV testing and their continuity capacity to maintain good quality HPV testing until end of recruitment or up to December 2021. Readiness was based on a checklist. Information from the study database; regular meetings and monitoring visits; and a questionnaire on laboratory operational aspects sent in May 2020 were used to assess continuity capacity. Compliance with seven basic requirements (readiness) and eight continuity requirements (continuity capacity) was scored (1 = compliant, 0 = not compliant) and totaled to classify readiness and continuity capacity as very limited, limited, moderate or high. Experiences, challenges, and enablers of the implementation process are also described. Results Seven of 12 laboratories had high readiness, three moderate readiness, and of two laboratories new to HPV testing, one had limited readiness and the other very limited readiness. Two of seven laboratories with high readiness also showed high continuity capacity, one moderate continuity capacity, and the other four showed limited continuity capacity since they could not maintain good quality HPV testing over time. Among three laboratories with moderate readiness, one kept moderate continuity capacity and two reached high continuity capacity. The two laboratories new to HPV testing achieved high continuity capacity. Based on gained expertise, five laboratories have become part of national screening programs. Conclusion High readiness of laboratories is an essential part of effective implementation of HPV testing. However, high readiness is insufficient to guarantee HPV testing high continuity capacity, for which a "culture of quality" should be established with regular training, robust monitoring and quality assurance systems tailored to local context. All efforts to strengthen HPV laboratories are valuable and crucial to guarantee effective implementation of HPV-based cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Rol
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - María de la Luz Hernández
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- SMS-Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joana Lineros
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Peraza
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marisol Brizuela
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Pamela Mongelós
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Yessy Cabrera
- Grupo de Infección y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Rita Mariel Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carolina Terán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Deisy Colque Reynaga
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Laura García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Patología Clínica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Arianis Tatiana Ramírez
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Franco Doimi
- Laboratorio de Patología Oncológica SAC, Lima, Peru
| | - María Ramón
- Laboratorio de Patología Oncológica SAC, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Michael Zúñiga
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, San José, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Lucía Cardinal
- Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joan Valls
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Fleider
- Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gino Venegas
- Clínica Angloamericana, Lima, Peru
- Liga contra el Cáncer, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Alejandro Calderón
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), Región Pacífico Central, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Silvana Luciani
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, San José, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Man I, Georges D, de Carvalho TM, Ray Saraswati L, Bhandari P, Kataria I, Siddiqui M, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Berkhof J, Sankaranarayanan R, Bogaards JA, Basu P, Baussano I. Evidence-based impact projections of single-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in India: a modelling study. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1419-1429. [PMID: 36174583 PMCID: PMC9622421 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high burden of cervical cancer, access to preventive measures remains low in India. A single-dose immunisation schedule could facilitate the scale-up of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, contributing to global elimination of cervical cancer. We projected the effect of single-dose quadrivalent HPV vaccination in India in comparison with no vaccination or to a two-dose schedule. METHODS In this modelling study, we adapted an HPV transmission model (EpiMetHeos) to Indian data on sexual behaviour (from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Indian National AIDS Control Organisation), HPV prevalence data (from two local surveys, from the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal), and cervical cancer incidence data (from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for the period 2008-12 [volume XI], and the Indian National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research for the period 2012-16). Using the model, we projected the nationwide and state-specific effect of HPV vaccination on HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence, and lifetime risk of cervical cancer, for 100 years after the introduction of vaccination or in the first 50 vaccinated birth cohorts. Projections were derived under a two-dose vaccination scenario assuming life-long protection and under a single-dose vaccination scenario with protection duration assumptions derived from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) India vaccine trial data, in combination with different vaccination coverages and catch-up vaccination age ranges. We used two thresholds to define cervical cancer elimination: an age-standardised incidence rate of less than 4 cases per 100 000 woman-years, and standardised lifetime risk of less than 250 cases per 100 000 women born. FINDINGS Assuming vaccination in girls aged 10 years, with 90% coverage, and life-long protection by two-dose or single-dose schedule, HPV vaccination could reduce the prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 infection by 97% (80% UI 96-99) in 50 years, and the lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 71-78% from 1067 cases per 100 000 women born under a no vaccination scenario to 311 (80% UI 284-339) cases per 100 000 women born in the short term and 233 (219-252) cases per 100 000 women born in the long term in vaccinated cohorts. Under this scenario, we projected that the age-standardised incidence rate threshold for elimination could be met across India (range across Indian states: 1·6 cases [80% UI 1·5-1·7] to 4·0 cases [3·8-4·4] per 100 000 woman-years), while the complementary threshold based on standardised lifetime risk was attainable in 17 (68%) of 25 states, but not nationwide (range across Indian states: 207 cases [80% UI 194-223] to 477 cases [447-514] per 100 000 women born). Under the considered assumptions of waning vaccine protection, single-dose vaccination was projected to have a 21-100% higher per-dose efficiency than two-dose vaccination. Single-dose vaccination with catch-up for girls and women aged 11-20 years was more impactful than two-dose vaccination without catch-up, with reduction of 39-65% versus 38% in lifetime risk of cervical cancer across the ten catch-up birth cohorts and the first ten routine vaccination birth cohorts. INTERPRETATION Our evidence-based projections suggest that scaling up cervical cancer prevention through single-dose HPV vaccination could substantially reduce cervical cancer burden in India. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Man
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tiago M de Carvalho
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Baisley K, Kemp TJ, Kreimer AR, Basu P, Changalucha J, Hildesheim A, Porras C, Whitworth H, Herrero R, Lacey CJ, Schiller JT, Lucas E, Mutani P, Dillner J, Indangasi J, Muwonge R, Hayes RJ, Pinto LA, Watson-Jones D. Comparing one dose of HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years in Tanzania (DoRIS) with one dose of HPV vaccine in historical cohorts: an immunobridging analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1485-e1493. [PMID: 36113532 PMCID: PMC9638025 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are given as a two-dose schedule in children aged 9-14 years, or as three doses in older individuals. We compared antibody responses after one dose of HPV vaccine in the Dose Reduction Immunobridging and Safety Study (DoRIS), a randomised trial of different HPV vaccine schedules in Tanzania, to those from two observational HPV vaccine trials that found high efficacy of one dose up to 11 years against HPV16 and HPV18 (Costa Rica Vaccine Trial [CVT] and Institutional Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC] India trial). METHODS In this immunobridging analysis of an open-label randomised controlled trial, girls were recruited from 54 government schools in Mwanza, Tanzania, into the DoRIS trial. Girls were eligible if they were aged 9-14 years, healthy, and HIV negative. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1:1), using permutated block sizes of 12, 18, and 24, to one, two, or three doses of the 2-valent vaccine (Cervarix, GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) or the 9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France). For this immunobridging analysis, the primary objective was to compare geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) at 24 months after one dose in the per-protocol population compared with in historical cohorts: the one-dose 2-valent vaccine group in DoRIS was compared with recipients of the 2-valent vaccine Cervarix from CVT and the one-dose 9-valent vaccine group in DoRIS was compared with recipients of the 4-valent vaccine Gardasil (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) from the IARC India trial. Samples were tested together with virus-like particle ELISA for HPV16 and HPV18 IgG antibodies. Non-inferiority of GMC ratios (DoRIS trial vs historical cohort) was predefined as when the lower bound of the 95% CI was greater than 0·50. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02834637. FINDINGS Between Feb 23, 2017, and Jan 6, 2018, we screened 1002 girls for eligibility, of whom 930 were enrolled into DoRIS and 155 each were assigned to one dose, two doses, or three doses of 2-valent vaccine, or one dose, two doses, or three doses of 9-valent vaccine. 154 (99%) participants in the one-dose 2-valent vaccine group (median age 10 years [IQR 9-12]) and 152 (98%) in the one-dose 9-valent vaccine group (median age 10 years [IQR 9-12]) were vaccinated and attended the 24 month visit, and so were included in the analysis. 115 one-dose recipients from the CVT (median age 21 years [19-23]) and 139 one-dose recipients from the IARC India trial (median age 14 years [13-16]) were included in the analysis. At 24 months after vaccination, GMCs for HPV16 IgG antibodies were 22·9 international units (IU) per mL (95% CI 19·9-26·4; n=148) for the DoRIS 2-valent vaccine group versus 17·7 IU/mL (13·9-22·5; n=97) for the CVT (GMC ratio 1·30 [95% CI 1·00-1·68]) and 13·7 IU/mL (11·9-15·8; n=145) for the DoRIS 9-valent vaccine group versus 6·7 IU/mL (5·5-8·2; n=131) for the IARC India trial (GMC ratio 2·05 [1·61-2·61]). GMCs for HPV18 IgG antibodies were 9·9 IU/mL (95% CI 8·5-11·5: n=141) for the DoRIS 2-valent vaccine group versus 8·0 IU/mL (6·4-10·0; n=97) for the CVT trial (GMC ratio 1·23 [95% CI 0·95-1·60]) and 5·7 IU/mL (4·9-6·8; n=136) for the DoRIS 9-valent vaccine group versus 2·2 IU/mL (1·9-2·7; n=129) for the IARC India trial (GMC ratio 2·12 [1·59-2·83]). Non-inferiority of antibody GMCs was met for each vaccine for both HPV16 and HPV18. INTERPRETATION One dose of HPV vaccine in young girls might provide sufficient protection against persistent HPV infection. A one-dose schedule would reduce costs, simplify vaccine delivery, and expand access to the vaccine. FUNDING UK Department for International Development/UK Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trials Scheme, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the US National Cancer Institute. TRANSLATION For the KiSwahili translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Baisley
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aimée R Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - John Changalucha
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolina Porras
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomedicas (ACIB), Fundacion INCIENSA, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Hilary Whitworth
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France; Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomedicas (ACIB), Fundacion INCIENSA, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Charles J Lacey
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - John T Schiller
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Mutani
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Jackton Indangasi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Richard J Hayes
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Watson-Jones
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Sauvaget C, Bazikamwe S, Lucas E, Ndayikengurukiye A, Harerimana S, Barango P. Evaluation of effectiveness, acceptability and safety of thermal ablation in the treatment of cervical neoplasia in Burundi. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1120-1126. [PMID: 35567576 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness, acceptability and safety of the thermal ablation procedure (TA) in the treatment of cervical neoplasia. Women referred to the Gynaecology ward for symptoms or for opportunistic screening were assessed by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and colposcopy. Those with lesions eligible to ablation were counselled and treated by TA. They were inquired about the level of pain during the procedure, and their level of satisfaction. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks for any complication and reassessed by VIA and colposcopy at 12 months for any persistent or recurrent lesion and for any adverse event. A total of 86 women with a positive VIA test were included in the study. The mean age was 46 years (28-61 years). Most of the women did not complain about any adverse event during treatment; one-third presented mild pain or cramp. At the 6-week visit, watery discharge was the main adverse event reported. All women were highly satisfied with TA and most of them would recommend it. At the 12-month visit, 82 women were examined (95% follow-up rate), and the overall cure rate was 96% (low-grade lesions: 98%; high-grade lesions: 94%). Three women presented low- and high-grade lesions that were treated by TA. No major adverse event or hospitalisation after the treatment was reported. In conclusion, TA was an effective procedure with a high cure rate at the 1-year follow-up visit. It was acceptable and safe, with only minor short-term side-effects reported and with a high satisfaction rate among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organisation, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvestre Bazikamwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamenge University Hospital, Burundi University, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organisation, Lyon, France
| | - Athanase Ndayikengurukiye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamenge University Hospital, Burundi University, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Salvator Harerimana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamenge University Hospital, Burundi University, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Prebo Barango
- Intercountry Support Team for Eastern and Southern Africa, World Health Organisation African Region Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Selmouni F, Sauvaget C, Dangbemey DP, Kpebo DDO, Dieng NM, Lucas E, Chami Khazraji Y, Bennani M, Bekkali R, Basu P. Lessons Learnt From Pilot Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Programmes Integrated to Routine Primary Health Care Services in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, and Senegal. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2200051. [PMID: 36070534 PMCID: PMC9812504 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The project aimed to implement pilot screening and treatment services for cervical cancer integrated with existing primary health centers (PHCs) in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, and Senegal and evaluate these services using implementation research outcomes such as reach, effectiveness, adoption, and acceptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Ministry of Health in each country took the lead in setting up a stakeholder's group that designed a protocol tailored to the local context. The target age was 25-49 years in Benin and Cote d'Ivoire and 30-49 years in Senegal. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was the screening test, and thermal ablation (TA) was the ablative treatment of choice in all. The Ministry in each country identified 4-5 PHCs to set up screening and ablation services and one higher-level center for colposcopy referral. After a master-trainer led training program, nurses, midwives, or general practitioners screened opportunistically the eligible women attending the clinics. The VIA-positive women eligible for ablation were offered immediate treatment. RESULTS Between May 2018 and January 2021, 16,530 women were screened opportunistically. VIA positivity was 8.1% with huge variability within and between countries. Sixty-one percent of all VIA-positive cases were eligible for immediate TA, and 88% of them accepted same-day treatment. Compliance to TA at PHCs was 99%. Majority of women treated with TA complained of minor side effects. Significant dropouts occurred as the women were referred to colposcopy clinics. CONCLUSION Opportunistic screening provided as part of routine PHC service can screen many women and treat a significant proportion of screen-positive women with TA with minimal side effects. Primary concerns are the hard-to-reach women who remain out of opportunistic screening coverage and noncompliance of the screen-positive women referred to higher-level centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Djima Patrice Dangbemey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Ndeye Mbombe Dieng
- Division of Noncommunicable Disease Control, Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Maria Bennani
- Foundation Lalla Salma, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bekkali
- Foundation Lalla Salma, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Royer P, Dumont F, Provost C, Lucas E. Selecting aggressiveness to improve biological control agents efficiency. J Pest Sci (2004) 2022; 95:1589-1596. [PMID: 35966801 PMCID: PMC9358388 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In agroecosystems, omnivorous predators are recognized as potential biological control agents because of the numerous pest species they prey on. Nonetheless, it could be possible to enhance their efficiency through artificial selection on traits of economical or ecological relevance. Aggressiveness, which defines the readiness of an individual to display agonistic actions toward other individuals, is expected to be related to zoophagy, diet preferences and to a higher attack rate. The study aimed to assess the aggressiveness degree of the damsel bug, Nabis americoferus, and to estimate its heritability. We hypothesized that a high aggressiveness degree can be selected, and that males are more aggressive than females. Using artificial selection, we reared two separate populations, each composed of nine genetically isolated lines characterized by their different aggressiveness degree (aggressive, docile and non-selected). After three generations, we had efficiently selected aggressive behavior. The realized heritability was 0.16 and 0.27 for aggressiveness and docility in the first population. It was 0.25 and 0.23 for the second population. Males were more aggressive than females only for the second population. The potential of these individuals as biological control agents and the ecological consequences of aggressiveness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Royer
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), CP 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - François Dumont
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Caroline Provost
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), CP 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada
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30
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Simoens C, Gheit T, Ridder R, Gorbaslieva I, Holzinger D, Lucas E, Rehm S, Vermeulen P, Lammens M, Vanderveken OM, Kumar RV, Gangane N, Caniglia A, Maffini F, Rubio MBL, Anantharaman D, Chiocca S, Brennan P, Pillai MR, Sankaranarayanan R, Bogers J, Pawlita M, Tommasino M, Arbyn M. Accuracy of high-risk HPV DNA PCR, p16 (INK4a) immunohistochemistry or the combination of both to diagnose HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:676. [PMID: 35933382 PMCID: PMC9357318 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, in particular oropharyngeal cancers (OPC), is increasing in high-resource countries. Patients with HPV-induced cancer respond better to treatment and consequently have lower case-fatality rates than patients with HPV-unrelated OPC. These considerations highlight the importance of reliable and accurate markers to diagnose truly HPV-induced OPC. METHODS The accuracy of three possible test strategies, i.e. (a) hrHPV DNA PCR (DNA), (b) p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry (IHC) (p16), and (c) the combination of both tests (considering joint DNA and p16 positivity as positivity criterion), was analysed in tissue samples from 99 Belgian OPC patients enrolled in the HPV-AHEAD study. Presence of HPV E6*I mRNA (mRNA) was considered as the reference, indicating HPV etiology. RESULTS Ninety-nine OPC patients were included, for which the positivity rates were 36.4%, 34.0% and 28.9% for DNA, p16 and mRNA, respectively. Ninety-five OPC patients had valid test results for all three tests (DNA, p16 and mRNA). Using mRNA status as the reference, DNA testing showed 100% (28/28) sensitivity, and 92.5% (62/67) specificity for the detection of HPV-driven cancer. p16 was 96.4% (27/28) sensitive and equally specific (92.5%; 62/67). The sensitivity and specificity of combined p16 + DNA testing was 96.4% (27/28) and 97.0% (65/67), respectively. In this series, p16 alone and combined p16 + DNA missed 1 in 28 HPV driven cancers, but p16 alone misclassified 5 in 67 non-HPV driven as positive, whereas combined testing would misclassify only 2 in 67. CONCLUSIONS Single hrHPV DNA PCR and p16(INK4a) IHC are highly sensitive but less specific than using combined testing to diagnose HPV-driven OPC patients. Disease prognostication can be encouraged based on this combined test result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Simoens
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Ruediger Ridder
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. (Roche Diagnostics Solutions), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ivana Gorbaslieva
- AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Peter Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Pathological Anatomy, Sint Augustinus Hospital, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Nitin Gangane
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra State, 442102, India
| | | | - Fausto Maffini
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Johannes Bogers
- AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Selmouni F, Guy M, Muwonge R, Nassiri A, Lucas E, Basu P, Sauvaget C. Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Decision-making to Improve Vulnerable Women's Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening in France: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (AppDate-You). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e39288. [PMID: 35771872 PMCID: PMC9382552 DOI: 10.2196/39288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French organized population-based cervical cancer screening (CCS) program transitioned from a cytology-based to a human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening strategy in August 2020. HPV testing is offered every 5 years, starting at the age of 30 years. In the new program, women are invited to undergo an HPV test at a gynecologist's, primary care physician's, or midwife's office, a private clinic or health center, family planning center, or hospital. HPV self-sampling (HPVss) was also made available as an additional approach. However, French studies reported that less than 20% of noncompliant women performed vaginal self-sampling when a kit was sent to their home. Women with lower income and educational levels participate less in CCS. Lack of information about the disease and the benefits of CCS were reported as one of the major barriers among noncompliant women. This barrier could be addressed by overcoming disparities in HPV- and cervical cancer-related knowledge and perceptions about CCS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a chatbot-based decision aid to improve women's participation in the HPVss detection-based CCS care pathway. METHODS AppDate-You is a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) nested within the French organized CCS program. Eligible women are those aged 30-65 years who have not been screened for CC for more than 4 years and live in the disadvantaged clusters in the Occitanie Region, France. In total, 32 clusters will be allocated to the intervention and control arms, 16 in each arm (approximately 4000 women). Eligible women living in randomly selected disadvantaged clusters will be identified using the Regional Cancer Screening Coordinating Centre of Occitanie (CRCDC-OC) database. Women in the experimental group will receive screening reminder letters and HPVss kits, combined with access to a chatbot-based decision aid tailored to women with lower education attainment. Women in the control group will receive the reminder letters and HPVss kits (standard of care). The CRCDC-OC database will be used to check trial progress and assess the intervention's impact. The trial has 2 primary outcomes: (1) the proportion of screening participation within 12 months among women recalled for CCS and (2) the proportion of HPVss-positive women who are "well-managed" as stipulated in the French guidelines. RESULTS To date, the AppDate-You study group is preparing and developing the chatbot-based decision aid (intervention). The cRCT will be conducted once the decision aid has been completed and validated. Recruitment of women is expected to begin in January 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to evaluate the impact of a chatbot-based decision aid to promote the CCS program and increase its performance. The study results will inform policy makers and health professionals as well as the research community. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05286034; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05286034. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/39288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Guy
- Regional Cancer Screening Coordinating Centre of Occitanie, Carcassonne, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhak Nassiri
- Faculty of Law, Economics, Management and Economic and Social Administration, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Mitchell A, Lipecki J, Muter J, Lucas E, Makwana K, Fishwick K, Odendaal J, Hawkes A, Vrljicak P, Brosens J, Ott S. P-436 EndoTime: Non-categorical timing estimates for luteal endometrium. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can expression measurements of a small panel of genes be used to develop a continuous, non-categorical model for the improvement of endometrial biopsy timing accuracy?
Summary answer
Measuring expression levels of six genes (IL2RB, IGFBP1, CXCL14, DPP4, GPX3, and SLC15A2) is sufficient to obtain and assess substantially more accurate timing estimates.
What is known already
Commercially available endometrial timing approaches based on gene expression require much larger gene sets and use a categorical approach that classifies samples as pre-receptive, receptive, or post-receptive.
Study design, size, duration
Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR in different sample sets, comprising a total of 664 endometrial biopsies obtained 4 to 12 days after a self-reported positive home ovulation test. A further 36 endometrial samples were profiled by RT-qPCR as well as RNA-sequencing.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A computational procedure, named ‘EndoTime’, was established that models the temporal profile of each gene and estimates the timing of each sample. Iterating these steps, temporal profiles are gradually refined as sample timings are being updated, and confidence in timing estimates is increased. After convergence, the method reports updated timing estimates for each sample while preserving the overall distribution of time points.
Main results and the role of chance
The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to confirm that ordering samples by EndoTime estimates yields sharper temporal expression profiles for held-out genes (not used when determining sample timings) than ordering the same expression values by patient-reported times (GPX3 : p < 0.005; CXCL14 : p < 2.7e-6; DPP4 : p < 3.7e-13). Pearson correlation between EndoTime estimates for the same sample set but based on RT-qPCR or RNA-sequencing data showed high degree of congruency between the two (p = 8.6e-10, R-squared = 0.687). Estimated timings did not differ significantly between control subjects and patients with recurrent pregnancy loss or recurrent implantation failure (p > 0.05).
Limitations, reasons for caution
Timing estimates are informed by glandular gene expression and will only represent the temporal state of other endometrial cell types if in synchrony with the epithelium. Additionally, methods that estimate the day of ovulation are still required as these data are essential inputs in our method.
Wider implications of the findings
Our method is the first to assay the temporal state of endometrial samples on a continuous domain, enabling accurate temporal profiling of any gene in luteal phase biopsies for a wide range of research applications and, potentially, clinical use. It is freely available, open-source software including supporting data sets.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitchell
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - J Lipecki
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - J Muter
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - E Lucas
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - K Makwana
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - K Fishwick
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - J Odendaal
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - A Hawkes
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - P Vrljicak
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - J Brosens
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - S Ott
- The University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School , Warwick, United Kingdom
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Harden S, Muter J, Chen Q, Lee Y, Brosens J, Lucas E. O-302 Lower expression of AHCY is associated with increased miscarriage risk. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Are alterations in the transcript levels of genes from the methionine cycle associated with maternal associated miscarriage risk?
Summary answer
Lower expression of AHCY is associated with a greater number of prior pregnancy losses
What is known already
Around 15% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, and the risk of recurrence increases with each pregnancy loss. Aberrant differentiation (decidualization) of endometrial stromal cells into specialised decidual cells to accommodate implantation is a key maternal factor for miscarriage risk.
Our previous work identified secretory changes in cysteine and methionine metabolites upon decidualization. The methionine cycle contributes to vital cellular functions, including producing methionine for proliferation, regulating cell differentiation, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) production. SAM is required for protein, RNA and DNA methylation, thereby influencing pathways at the metabolic, epigenetic, and proteomic levels. AHCY clears S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), reducing its inhibition of methylation.
Study design, size, duration
Endometrial biopsies (n = 250) were collected during the luteal phase (LH + 6-11). Patients were grouped based on their miscarriage history. Accordingly, expression of genes from the methionine cycle were quantified using RT-qPCR.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Endometrial biopsies were obtained, with written informed consent, from women attending the Implantation Clinic at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, following transvaginal ultrasounds to exclude uterine pathology. Isolated RNA was converted into cDNA. Expression of AHCY, AMD1, BHMT2, CBS, MAT2A, MAT2B, and MTR were normalised to L19. Statistical analysis was performed in Graphpad Prism; with significance accepted at p < 0.05. AHCY was silenced in an endometrial cell line to determine its effect on decidualization.
Main results and the role of chance
This study reports a distinct reduction in expression of methionine cycle genes (MAT2A, AHCY, AMD1, MTR, BHMT2) in the late-luteal phase of the cycle consistent with a reduction in proliferation.
By plotting percentile graphs based on the statistical distribution in gene expression for each day of the luteal phase, comparisons have been made between groups.
AHCY expression is significantly reduced in patients with increasing number of prior miscarriages, particularly between 0-2 and 5+ previous miscarriages (p = 0.0334). Neither patient age nor BMI are a factor in this reduced expression.
In contrast, there is a stromal specific increase in AHCY upon decidualization in vitro, suggesting it is required in the decidua. Silencing AHCY in an endometrial cell line significantly reduces PRL expression upon decidualization. Reduction in AHCY may lead to a decreased “methylation potential” as SAH cannot be cleared. SAH accumulation inhibits methylation, and limits SAM production, thus compounding its effect.
Decreased methylation potential could prevent differentiation of the stromal compartment, resulting in lower levels of PRL, and altering decidual timing. Therefore, an embryo may implant into a tissue primed for disintegration, resulting a miscarriage.
In summary, AHCY may contribute to aberrant decidualization augmenting the risk of miscarriage.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Results are based on endometrial biopsies from an implantation clinic, therefore studies into biopsies from women with normal reproductive histories should also be analysed. Further functional studies are needed to ascertain the mechanism of action of AHCY in miscarriage.
Wider implications of the findings
This study identified that a decrease in AHCY in whole endometrial tissue is associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Further, silencing AHCY perturbed decidual marker expression. Thus, AHCY may act as a biomarker for atypical decidualization, and the clearance of SAH may be a potential treatment.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harden
- University of Warwick, Division of Biomedical Sciences, coventry , United Kingdom
| | - J Muter
- University of Warwick, Division of Biomedical Sciences, coventry , United Kingdom
| | - Q Chen
- Agency for Science and Technology and Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology , Singapore, Singapore Rep. of
| | - Y.H Lee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine , Singapore, Singapore Rep. of
| | - J Brosens
- University of Warwick, Division of Biomedical Sciences, coventry , United Kingdom
| | - E Lucas
- University of Warwick, Division of Biomedical Sciences, coventry , United Kingdom
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Shirpurkar C, Zang J, Yang KY, Carlson D, Yu SP, Lucas E, Pericherla SV, Yang J, Guidry M, Lukin D, Ahn GH, Lu J, Trask L, Aflatouni F, Vučković J, Papp SB, Delfyett PJ. Photonic crystal resonators for inverse-designed multi-dimensional optical interconnects. Opt Lett 2022; 47:3063-3066. [PMID: 35709050 DOI: 10.1364/ol.461272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a 400 Gbit/s optical communication link utilizing wavelength-division multiplexing and mode-division multiplexing for a total of 40 channels. This link utilizes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, 400 GHz frequency comb source based on a chip-scale photonic crystal resonator. Silicon-on-insulator photonic inverse-designed 4 × 4 mode-division multiplexer structures enable a fourfold increase in data capacity. We show less than -10 dBm of optical receiver power for error-free data transmission in 34 out of a total of 40 channels using a PRBS31 pattern.
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Benider A, Bendahhou K, Sauvaget C, Mrabti H, Selmouni F, Muwonge R, Alaoui L, Lucas E, Chami Y, Abousselham L, Bennani M, Errihani H, Sankaranarayanan R, Bekkali R, Basu P. Evolution of patterns of care for women with cervical cancer in Morocco over a decade. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:479. [PMID: 35501742 PMCID: PMC9059352 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a Pattern-of-care (POC) study at two premier-most public-funded oncology centers in Morocco to evaluate delays in care continuum and adherence to internationally accepted treatment guidelines of cervical cancer. METHOD Following a systematic sampling method, cervical cancer patients registered at Centre Mohammed VI (Casablanca) and Institut National d'Oncologie (Rabat) during 2 months of every year from 2008 to 2017, were included in this retrospective study. Relevant information was abstracted from the medical records. RESULTS A total of 886 patients was included in the analysis; 59.5% were at stage I/II. No appreciable change in stage distribution was observed over time. Median access and treatment delays were 5.0 months and 2.3 months, respectively without any significant temporal change. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 57.7% of the patients receiving radiotherapy. Surgery was performed on 81.2 and 34.8% of stage I and II patients, respectively. A very high proportion (85.7%) of operated patients received post-operative radiation therapy. Median interval between surgery and initiation of radiotherapy was 3.1 months. Only 45.3% of the patients treated with external beam radiation received brachytherapy. Radiotherapy was completed within 10 weeks in 77.4% patients. An overall 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was observed in 57.5% of the patients - ranging from 66.1% for stage I to 31.1% for stage IV. Addition of brachytherapy to radiation significantly improved survival at all stages. The study has the usual limitations of retrospective record-based studies, which is data incompleteness. CONCLUSION Delays in care continuum need to be further reduced. Increased use of chemoradiation and brachytherapy will improve survival further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Benider
- Centre Mohammed VI Pour Le Traitement Des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Karima Bendahhou
- Registre Des Cancers de La Région du Grand Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France
| | - Hind Mrabti
- Institut National d'oncologie, CHU-Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France
| | - Youssef Chami
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Abousselham
- Cancer Unit, Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maria Bennani
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Rachid Bekkali
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France.
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Zhang L, Carvalho AL, Mosquera I, Wen T, Lucas E, Sauvaget C, Muwonge R, Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Basu P. An international consensus on the essential and desirable criteria for an 'organized' cancer screening programme. BMC Med 2022; 20:101. [PMID: 35317783 PMCID: PMC8941752 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High variability in the definition and interpretation of organized cancer screening needs to be addressed systematically. Moreover, the relevance of the current practice of categorizing screening programmes dichotomously into organized or non-organized needs to be revisited in the context of considerable heterogeneity that exists in the delivery of cancer screening in the real world. We aimed to identify the essential and desirable criteria for organized cancer screening that serve as a charter of best practices in cancer screening. METHODS We first did a systematic review of literature to arrive at an exhaustive list of criteria used by various publications to describe or define organized cancer screening, based on which, a consolidated list of criteria was generated. Next, we used a Delphi process comprising of two rounds of online surveys to seek agreement of experts to categorize each criterion into essential, desirable, or neither. Consensus was considered to have been achieved based on a predetermined criterion of agreement from at least 80% of the experts. The outcomes were presented before the experts in a virtual meeting for feedbacks and clarifications. RESULTS A total of 32 consolidated criteria for an organized screening programme were identified and presented to 24 experts from 20 countries to select the essential criteria in the Delphi first round. Total 16 criteria were selected as essential with the topmost criteria (based on the agreement of 96% of experts) being the availability of a protocol/guideline describing at least the target population, screening intervals, screening tests, referral pathway, management of positive cases and a system being in place to identify the eligible populations. In the second round of Delphi, the experts selected eight desirable criteria out of the rest 16. The most agreed upon desirable criterion was existence of a specified organization or a team responsible for programme implementation and/or coordination. CONCLUSIONS We established an international consensus on essential and desirable criteria, which screening programmes would aspire to fulfil to be better-organized. The harmonized criteria are a ready-to-use guide for programme managers and policymakers to prioritize interventions and resources rather than supporting the dichotomous and simplistic approach of categorizing programmes as organized or non-organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Tianmeng Wen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Selmouni F, Amrani L, Sauvaget C, Bakkar M, El Khannoussi B, Souadka A, Benkabbou A, Majbar MA, Belekhel L, Lucas E, Muwonge R, Chami Khazraji Y, Mohsine R, Bennani M, Sankaranarayanan R, Bekkali R, Basu P. Delivering colorectal cancer screening integrated with primary health care services in Morocco: Lessons learned from a demonstration project. Cancer 2022; 128:1219-1229. [PMID: 34985785 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing rapidly in many low-income and middle-income countries. A demonstration project was implemented in Morocco in collaboration with the Ministry of Health to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and challenges of implementing CRC screening through routine primary care facilities. METHODS The objective of the project was to screen 10,000 men and women aged 50 to 75 years through 10 primary health centers (PHCs) in 2 provinces. All eligible men and women attending the selected PHCs were offered the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Stool specimens brought to the PHCs were tested immediately by trained nurses. FIT-positive individuals were referred to the National Oncology Institute for colonoscopy. RESULTS In total, 9763 eligible men and women were screened by FIT between June 2017 and May 2019; most (73.3%) were women. The test was positive in 460 participants (4.7%). Among the individuals who had positive FIT results, 62.6% underwent colonoscopy. The main reasons for noncompliance to colonoscopy were competing life priorities (15.4%), other health problems (13%), and fear of getting a cancer diagnosis (12.3%). As the number of referrals to colonoscopy increased, the waiting time for the procedure increased, resulting in a drop in compliance. The detection rates of advanced adenomas and CRC were 4.0 in 1000 and 0.5 in 1000 individuals screened, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An effective strategy to reach the target populations (especially men), a pragmatic assessment of the health system's capacity to deal with large numbers of referrals, and a formal cost-effectiveness analysis are essential before making any decision to introduce CRC screening in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laila Amrani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Meryem Bakkar
- Gastroenterology Unit, Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Basma El Khannoussi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Souadka
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Benkabbou
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Anass Majbar
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Belekhel
- Noncommunicable Diseases Unit, Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Raouf Mohsine
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maria Bennani
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Rachid Bekkali
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, Ferretti L, Gall A, Hall M, Golubchik T, Bakker M, Ong SH, Zhao L, Bonsall D, de Cesare M, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Abeler-Dörner L, Albert J, Bannert N, Fellay J, Grabowski MK, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Günthard HF, Kivelä P, Kouyos RD, Laeyendecker O, Meyer L, Porter K, Ristola M, van Sighem A, Berkhout B, Kellam P, Cornelissen M, Reiss P, Fraser C, Aubert V, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Burton-Jeangros C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Gorgievski M, Günthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada BM, Marzolini C, Metzner K, Müller N, Nadal D, Nicca D, Pantaleo G, Rauch A, Regenass S, Rudin C, Schöni-Affolter F, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Weber R, Yerly S, van der Valk M, Geerlings SE, Goorhuis A, Hovius JW, Lempkes B, Nellen FJB, van der Poll T, Prins JM, Reiss P, van Vugt M, Wiersinga WJ, Wit FWMN, van Duinen M, van Eden J, Hazenberg A, van Hes AMH, Rajamanoharan S, Robinson T, Taylor B, Brewer C, Mayr C, Schmidt W, Speidel A, Strohbach F, Arastéh K, Cordes C, Pijnappel FJJ, Stündel M, Claus J, Baumgarten A, Carganico A, Ingiliz P, Dupke S, Freiwald M, Rausch M, Moll A, Schleehauf D, Smalhout SY, Hintsche B, Klausen G, Jessen H, Jessen A, Köppe S, Kreckel P, Schranz D, Fischer K, Schulbin H, Speer M, Weijsenfeld AM, Glaunsinger T, Wicke T, Bieniek B, Hillenbrand H, Schlote F, Lauenroth-Mai E, Schuler C, Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Brockmeyer N, Jurriaans S, Gehring P, Schmalöer D, Hower M, Spornraft-Ragaller P, Häussinger D, Reuter S, Esser S, Markus R, Kreft B, Berzow D, Back NKT, Christl A, Meyer A, Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Graefe K, Lorenzen T, Adam A, Schewe K, Weitner L, Fenske S, Zaaijer HL, Hansen S, Stellbrink HJ, Wiemer D, Hertling S, Schmidt R, Arbter P, Claus B, Galle P, Jäger H, Jä 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Vries-Sluijs TEMS, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, de Jong-Peltenburg NC, de Mendonç A Melo M, van Nood E, Nouwen JL, Rijnders BJA, Rokx C, Schurink CAM, Slobbe L, Verbon A, Bassant N, van Beek JEA, Vriesde M, van Zonneveld LM, de Groot J, Boucher CAB, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA, Fraaij PLA, van Rossum AMC, Vermont CL, van der Knaap LC, Visser E, Branger J, Douma RA, Cents-Bosma AS, Duijf-van de Ven CJHM, Schippers EF, van Nieuwkoop C, van Ijperen JM, Geilings J, van der Hut G, van Burgel ND, Leyten EMS, Gelinck LBS, Mollema F, Davids-Veldhuis S, Tearno C, Wildenbeest GS, Heikens E, Groeneveld PHP, Bouwhuis JW, Lammers AJJ, Kraan S, van Hulzen AGW, Kruiper MSM, van der Bliek GL, Bor PCJ, Debast SB, Wagenvoort GHJ, Kroon FP, de Boer MGJ, Jolink H, Lambregts MMC, Roukens AHE, Scheper H, Dorama W, van Holten N, Claas ECJ, Wessels E, den Hollander JG, El Moussaoui R, Pogany K, Brouwer CJ, Smit JV, Struik-Kalkman D, van Niekerk T, Pontesilli O, Lowe SH, Oude Lashof AML, Posthouwer D, van Wolfswinkel ME, Ackens RP, Burgers K, Schippers J, Weijenberg-Maes B, van Loo IHM, Havenith TRA, van Vonderen MGA, Kampschreur LM, Faber S, Steeman-Bouma R, Al Moujahid A, Kootstra GJ, Delsing CE, van der Burg-van de Plas M, Scheiberlich L, Kortmann W, van Twillert G, Renckens R, Ruiter-Pronk D, van Truijen-Oud FA, Cohen Stuart JWT, Jansen ER, Hoogewerf M, Rozemeijer W, van der Reijden WA, Sinnige JC, Brinkman K, van den Berk GEL, Blok WL, Lettinga KD, de Regt M, Schouten WEM, Stalenhoef JE, Veenstra J, Vrouenraets SME, Blaauw H, Geerders GF, Kleene MJ, Kok M, Knapen M, van der Meché IB, Mulder-Seeleman E, Toonen AJM, Wijnands S, Wttewaal E, Kwa D, van Crevel R, van Aerde K, Dofferhoff ASM, Henriet SSV, Ter Hofstede HJM, Hoogerwerf J, Keuter M, Richel O, Albers M, Grintjes-Huisman KJT, de Haan M, Marneef M, Strik-Albers R, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma FF, Burger D, Gisolf EH, Hassing RJ, Claassen M, Ter Beest G, van Bentum PHM, Langebeek N, Tiemessen R, Swanink CMA, van Lelyveld SFL, Soetekouw R, van der Prijt LMM, van der Swaluw J, Bermon N, van der Reijden WA, Jansen R, Herpers BL, Veenendaal D, Verhagen DWM, Lauw FN, van Broekhuizen MC, van Wijk M, Bierman WFW, Bakker M, Kleinnijenhuis J, Kloeze E, Middel A, Postma DF, Schölvinck EH, Stienstra Y, Verhage AR, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Boonstra A, de Groot-de Jonge H, van der Meulen PA, de Weerd DA, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester M, Hoepelman AIM, Arends JE, Barth RE, Bruns AHW, Ellerbroek PM, Mudrikova T, Oosterheert JJ, Schadd EM, van Welzen BJ, Aarsman K, Griffioen-van Santen BMG, de Kroon I, van Berkel M, van Rooijen CSAM, Schuurman R, Verduyn-Lunel F, Wensing AMJ, Bont LJ, Geelen SPM, Loeffen YGT, Wolfs TFW, Nauta N, Rooijakkers EOW, Holtsema H, Voigt R, van de Wetering D, Alberto A, van der Meer I, Rosingh A, Halaby T, Zaheri S, Boyd AC, Bezemer DO, van Sighem AI, Smit C, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Woudstra T, Bergsma D, Meijering R, van de Sande L, Rutkens T, van der Vliet S, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, El Berkaoui A, Bezemer M, Brétin N, Djoechro E, Groters M, Kruijne E, Lelivelt KJ, Lodewijk C, Lucas E, Munjishvili L, Paling F, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Schoorl M, Schnörr P, Scheigrond A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, Visser KM, Witte EC, Ruijs Y, Van Frankenhuijsen M, Allegre T, Makhloufi D, Livrozet JM, Chiarello P, Godinot M, Brunel-Dalmas F, Gibert S, Trepo C, Peyramond D, Miailhes P, Koffi J, Thoirain V, Brochier C, Baudry T, Pailhes S, Lafeuillade A, Philip G, Hittinger G, Assi A, Lambry V, Rosenthal E, Naqvi A, Dunais B, Cua E, Pradier C, Durant J, Joulie A, Quinsat D, Tempesta S, Ravaux I, Martin IP, Faucher O, Cloarec N, Champagne H, Pichancourt G, Morlat P, Pistone T, Bonnet F, Mercie P, Faure I, Hessamfar M, Malvy D, Lacoste D, Pertusa MC, Vandenhende MA, Bernard N, Paccalin F, Martell C, Roger-Schmelz J, Receveur MC, Duffau P, Dondia D, Ribeiro E, Caltado S, Neau D, Dupont M, Dutronc H, Dauchy F, Cazanave C, Vareil MO, Wirth G, Le Puil S, Pellegrin JL, Raymond I, Viallard JF, Chaigne de Lalande S, Garipuy D, Delobel P, Obadia M, Cuzin L, Alvarez M, Biezunski N, Porte L, Massip P, Debard A, Balsarin F, Lagarrigue M, Prevoteau du Clary F, Aquilina C, Reynes J, Baillat V, Merle C, Lemoing V, Atoui N, Makinson A, Jacquet JM, Psomas C, Tramoni C, Aumaitre H, Saada M, Medus M, Malet M, Eden A, Neuville S, Ferreyra M, Sotto A, Barbuat C, Rouanet I, Leureillard D, Mauboussin JM, Lechiche C, Donsesco R, Cabie A, Abel S, Pierre-Francois S, Batala AS, Cerland C, Rangom C, Theresine N, Hoen B, Lamaury I, Fabre I, Schepers K, Curlier E, Ouissa R, Gaud C, Ricaud C, Rodet R, Wartel G, Sautron C, Beck-Wirth G, Michel C, Beck C, Halna JM, Kowalczyk J, Benomar M, Drobacheff-Thiebaut C, Chirouze C, Faucher JF, Parcelier F, Foltzer A, Haffner-Mauvais C, Hustache Mathieu M, Proust A, Piroth L, Chavanet P, Duong M, Buisson M, Waldner A, Mahy S, Gohier S, Croisier D, May T, Delestan M, Andre M, Zadeh MM, Martinot M, Rosolen B, Pachart A, Martha B, Jeunet N, Rey D, Cheneau C, Partisani M, Priester M, Bernard-Henry C, Batard ML, Fischer P, Berger JL, Kmiec I, Robineau O, Huleux T, Ajana F, Alcaraz I, Allienne C, Baclet V, Meybeck A, Valette M, Viget N, Aissi E, Biekre R, Cornavin P, Merrien D, Seghezzi JC, Machado M, Diab G, Raffi F, Bonnet B, Allavena C, Grossi O, Reliquet V, Billaud E, Brunet C, Bouchez S, Morineau-Le Houssine P, Sauser F, Boutoille D, Besnier M, Hue H, Hall N, Brosseau D, Souala F, Michelet C, Tattevin P, Arvieux C, Revest M, Leroy H, Chapplain JM, Dupont M, Fily F, Patra-Delo S, Lefeuvre C, Bernard L, Bastides F, Nau P, Verdon R, de la Blanchardiere A, Martin A, Feret P, Geffray L, Daniel C, Rohan J, Fialaire P, Chennebault JM, Rabier V, Abgueguen P, Rehaiem S, Luycx O, Niault M, Moreau P, Poinsignon Y, Goussef M, Mouton-Rioux V, Houlbert D, Alvarez-Huve S, Barbe F, Haret S, Perre P, Leantez-Nainville S, Esnault JL, Guimard T, Suaud I, Girard JJ, Simonet V, Debab Y, Schmit JL, Jacomet C, Weinberck P, Genet C, Pinet P, Ducroix S, Durox H, Denes É, Abraham B, Gourdon F, Antoniotti O, Molina JM, Ferret S, Lascoux-Combe C, Lafaurie M, Colin de Verdiere N, Ponscarme D, De Castro N, Aslan A, Rozenbaum W, Pintado C, Clavel F, Taulera O, Gatey C, Munier AL, Gazaigne S, Penot P, Conort G, Lerolle N, Leplatois A, Balausine S, Delgado J, Timsit J, Tabet M, Gerard L, Girard PM, Picard O, Tredup J, Bollens D, Valin N, Campa P, Bottero J, Lefebvre B, Tourneur M, Fonquernie L, Wemmert C, Lagneau JL, Yazdanpanah Y, Phung B, Pinto A, Vallois D, Cabras O, Louni F, Pialoux G, Lyavanc T, Berrebi V, Chas J, Lenagat S, Rami A, Diemer M, Parrinello M, Depond A, Salmon D, Guillevin L, Tahi T, Belarbi L, Loulergue P, Zak Dit Zbar O, Launay O, Silbermann B, Leport C, Alagna L, Pietri MP, Simon A, Bonmarchand M, Amirat N, Pichon F, Kirstetter M, Katlama C, Valantin MA, Tubiana R, Caby F, Schneider L, Ktorza N, Calin R, Merlet A, Ben Abdallah S, Weiss L, Buisson M, Batisse D, Karmochine M, Pavie J, Minozzi C, Jayle D, 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Summerfield H, Evans M, White C, Robertson R, Lean C, Morris S, Winter A, Faulkner S, Goorney B, Howard L, Fairley I, Stemp C, Short L, Gomez M, Young F, Roberts M, Green S, Sivakumar K, Minton J, Siminoni A, Calderwood J, Greenhough D, DeSouza C, Muthern L, Orkin C, Murphy S, Truvedi M, McLean K, Hawkins D, Higgs C, Moyes A, Antonucci S, McCormack S, Lynn W, Bevan M, Fox J, Teague A, Anderson J, Mguni S, Post F, Campbell L, Mazhude C, Russell H, Gilson R, Carrick G, Ainsworth J, Waters A, Byrne P, Johnson M, Fidler S, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Lawlor V, Melville R, Sukthankar A, Thorpe S, Murphy C, Wilkins E, Ahmad S, Green P, Tayal S, Ong E, Meaden J, Riddell L, Loay D, Peacock K, Blackman H, Harindra V, Saeed AM, Allen S, Natarajan U, Williams O, Lacey H, Care C, Bowman C, Herman S, Devendra SV, Wither J, Bridgwood A, Singh G, Bushby S, Kellock D, Young S, Rooney G, Snart B, Currie J, Fitzgerald M, Arumainayyagam J, Chandramani S. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands. Science 2022; 375:540-545. [PMID: 35113714 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wymant
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - François Blanquart
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Astrid Gall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Hall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Swee Hoe Ong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lele Zhao
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariateresa de Cesare
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George MacIntyre-Cockett
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Service de Santé Publique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kholoud Porter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti Ristola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mrabti H, Sauvaget C, Benider A, Bendahhou K, Selmouni F, Muwonge R, Alaoui L, Lucas E, Chami Y, Villain P, Abousselham L, Carvalho AL, Bennani M, Errihani H, Sankaranarayanan R, Bekkali R, Basu P. Reply to: Chronic pain assessment and management during post-treatment follow up should be considered as a high value quality indicator for specialist breast cancer center. Breast 2021; 60:309. [PMID: 34509362 PMCID: PMC8714496 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hind Mrabti
- Institut National d'oncologie, CHU-Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Registre des Cancers de la R_egion du Grand Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima Bendahhou
- Registre des Cancers de la R_egion du Grand Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Youssef Chami
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Patricia Villain
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Loubna Abousselham
- Cancer Unit, Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andre L Carvalho
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Bennani
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Rachid Bekkali
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Basu P, Malvi SG, Joshi S, Bhatla N, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Verma Y, Esmy PO, Poli URR, Shah A, Zomawia E, Pimple S, Jayant K, Hingmire S, Chiwate A, Divate U, Vashist S, Mishra G, Jadhav R, Siddiqi M, Sankaran S, Prabhu PR, Kannan TPRA, Varghese R, Shastri SS, Anantharaman D, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Sauvaget C, Pillai MR, Sankaranarayanan R. Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1518-1529. [PMID: 34634254 PMCID: PMC8560643 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomised trial designed to compare three and two doses of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in adolescent girls in India was converted to a cohort study after suspension of HPV vaccination in trials by the Indian Government. In this Article, the revised aim of the cohort study was to compare vaccine efficacy of single dose to that of three and two doses in protecting against persistent HPV 16 and 18 infection at 10 years post vaccination. METHODS In the randomised trial, unmarried girls aged 10-18 years were recruited from nine centres across India and randomly assigned to either two doses or three doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil [Merck Sharp & Dohme, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA]; 0·5 mL administered intramuscularly). After suspension of recruitment and vaccination, the study became a longitudinal, prospective cohort study by default, and participants were allocated to four cohorts on the basis of the number vaccine doses received per protocol: the two-dose cohort (received vaccine on days 1 and 180 or later), three-dose cohort (days 1, 60, and 180 or later), two-dose default cohort (days 1 and 60 or later), and the single-dose default cohort. Participants were followed up yearly. Cervical specimens were collected from participants 18 months after marriage or 6 months after first childbirth, whichever was earlier, to assess incident and persistent HPV infections. Married participants were screened for cervical cancer as they reached 25 years of age. Unvaccinated women age-matched to the married vaccinated participants were recruited to serve as controls. Vaccine efficacy against persistent HPV 16 and 18 infections (the primary endpoint) was analysed for single-dose recipients and compared with that in two-dose and three-dose recipients after adjusting for imbalance in the distribution of potential confounders between the unvaccinated and vaccinated cohorts. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN98283094, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00923702. FINDINGS Vaccinated participants were recruited between Sept 1, 2009, and April 8, 2010 (date of vaccination suspension), and followed up over a median duration of 9·0 years (IQR 8·2-9·6). 4348 participants had three doses, 4980 had two doses (0 and 6 months), and 4949 had a single dose. Vaccine efficacy against persistent HPV 16 and 18 infection among participants evaluable for the endpoint was 95·4% (95% CI 85·0-99·9) in the single-dose default cohort (2135 women assessed), 93·1% (77·3-99·8) in the two-dose cohort (1452 women assessed), and 93·3% (77·5-99·7) in three-dose recipients (1460 women assessed). INTERPRETATION A single dose of HPV vaccine provides similar protection against persistent infection from HPV 16 and 18, the genotypes responsible for nearly 70% of cervical cancers, to that provided by two or three doses. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Sylla G Malvi
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Joshi
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Yogesh Verma
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Pulikkottil O Esmy
- Christian Fellowship Community Health Centre, Ambillikai, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anand Shah
- Department of Community Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, M P Shah Cancer Hospital, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Sharmila Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Kasturi Jayant
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Hingmire
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Chiwate
- Tata Memorial Centre Rural Cancer Project, Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi District Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Uma Divate
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | - Shachi Vashist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauravi Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Radhika Jadhav
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre, Jehangir Hospital Premises, Pune, India
| | | | - Subha Sankaran
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Ramesh Prabhu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rintu Varghese
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Surendra S Shastri
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Hu X, Lucas E, Hammer S, Gopal P, Bhalla A, Panarelli N, Westerhoff M, Cheng J, Nalbantoglu I. H. pylori Pattern Gastritis with Negative Helicobacter Immunohistochemical Stain: Does A Specific Comment in Pathology Report Impact Clinical Management? Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
The clinical significance of H. pylori (HP) pattern of gastritis with a negative Helicobacter IHC stain on gastric biopsy is unclear. Some pathologists report this pattern in cases that are highly suggestive of HP infection with a comment raising the possibility of HP infection; however, the subsequent clinical management of these patients has not been well described.
Methods/Case Report
We conducted a retrospective comparison study of patients with gastric biopsy between 2016 and 2019. Group 1 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with a comment stating the gastritis pattern is suggestive of HP. Group 2 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with no comment about HP pattern.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
We identified 60 patients in Group 1 which were compared to 63 patients in Group 2. Group 1 more frequently had history of HP (48.3% vs. 29.1%, p<0.05). After diagnosis, Group 1 more frequently received treatment (51.7% vs. 20.6%, p<0.001). Of those who received treatment, Group 1 more frequently received HP treatment (triple or quadruple therapy; 21.7% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). History of HP did not affect whether a patient was treated (p>0.05). Following post-biopsy HP treatment, more patients in Group 1 received fecal antigen test (23.7% vs. 5.5%, p<0.01). Age, gender, NSAID and PPI use did not differ between groups.
Conclusion
Adding the diagnostic comment raising the possibility of HP for patients with HP pattern gastritis with negative HP IHC changes clinical management and it is independent of patients’ prior HP history.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - E Lucas
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - S Hammer
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - P Gopal
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - A Bhalla
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - N Panarelli
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - M Westerhoff
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - J Cheng
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - I Nalbantoglu
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, UNITED STATES
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Basu P, Lucas E, Zhang L, Muwonge R, Murillo R, Nessa A. Leveraging vertical COVID-19 investments to improve monitoring of cancer screening programme - A case study from Bangladesh. Prev Med 2021; 151:106624. [PMID: 34023359 PMCID: PMC9755639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer screening programs from majority of the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) report screening coverage as the only performance indicator, and that too measured through population-based sample surveys. Such information is unreliable and has very little value in assessing programmatic quality and impact. Regular monitoring of key process and outcome indicators based on data collected through a robust information system is essential to ensure quality of a screening programme. Fragmented health systems, limited resources and absence of a culture of systematic evaluation are the major hindrances for most of the LMICs to build electronic information systems to manage screening. The COVID-19 pandemic has created an impetus for the countries to customize the freely available District Health Information Software (DHIS2) to collect electronic data to track the outbreaks and manage containment measures. In the present article we present Bangladesh as an exemplar LMIC that has a (DHIS2) based integrated health information system gradually upgraded to collect individual data of the participants to the national cervical cancer screening program. Such efforts paid rich dividends as the screening program was switched from opportunistic to a population-based one. Moreover, the electronic system could report impact of the pandemic on cancer screening on a monthly basis. The aggregate number of women screened in the year 2020 was 14.1% less compared to 2019. The monthly rate of screening during peak of the outbreak was only 5.1% of the previous year. The rate rapidly recovered as the program intensified screening in the hard-to-reach regions less affected by the pandemic and expanded the outreach services. Other LMICs may emulate Bangladesh example. Customizing the information system developed for pandemic surveillance to collect cancer screening data will help them build back the screening programs better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Li Zhang
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Raul Murillo
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Centro Javerinao de Oncología - Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ashrafun Nessa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh, Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mrabti H, Sauvaget C, Benider A, Bendahhou K, Selmouni F, Muwonge R, Alaoui L, Lucas E, Chami Y, Villain P, Abousselham L, Carvalho AL, Bennani M, Errihani H, Sankaranarayanan R, Bekkali R, Basu P. Patterns of care of breast cancer patients in Morocco - A study of variations in patient profile, tumour characteristics and standard of care over a decade. Breast 2021; 59:193-202. [PMID: 34280610 PMCID: PMC8319441 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Guided by a national cancer plan (2010-19), Morocco made significant investments in improving breast cancer detection and treatment. A breast cancer pattern-of-care study was conducted to document the socio-demographic profiles of patients and tumour characteristics, measure delays in care, and assess the status of dissemination and impact of state-of-the-art management. The retrospective study conducted among 2120 breast cancer patients registered during 2008-17 at the two premier-most oncology centres (Centre Mohammed VI or CM-VI and Institut National d'Oncologie or INO) also measured temporal trends of the different variables. Median age (49 years) and other socio-demographic characteristics of the patients remained constant over time. A significant improvement in coverage of the state-financed health insurance scheme for indigent populations was observed over time. Median interval between onset of symptoms and first medical consultation was 6 months with a significant reduction over time. Information on staging and molecular profile were available for more than 90% and 80% of the patients respectively. Approximately 55% of the patients presented at stage I/II and proportion of triple-negative cancers was 16%; neither showing any appreciable temporal variation. Treatment information was available for more than 90% of the patients; 69% received surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation. Treatment was tailored to stage and molecular profiles, though breast conservation therapy was offered to less than one-fifth. When compared using the EUSOMA quality indicators for breast cancer management, INO performed better than CM-VI. This was reflected in nearly 25% difference in 5-year disease-free survival for early-stage cancers between the centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Mrabti
- Institut National d'oncologie, CHU-Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Registre des Cancers de la Région du Grand Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima Bendahhou
- Registre des Cancers de la Région du Grand Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Farida Selmouni
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Youssef Chami
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Patricia Villain
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Loubna Abousselham
- Cancer Unit, Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andre L Carvalho
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Bennani
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Rachid Bekkali
- Lalla Salma Foundation, Prevention and Treatment of Cancers, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Meseguer R, Levi-Mourao A, Fournier M, Pons X, Lucas E. May predator body-size hamper furtive predation strategy by aphidophagous insects? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256991. [PMID: 34473810 PMCID: PMC8412377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Furtive predation is an uncommon predation strategy within aphidophagous insects, as it can be constrained by several factors. So far, the few reported furtive predators are characterized by their small body-size, vermiform shape, and slow movement. They live within the aphid colonies, without triggering significant defensive acts, nor disrupting colony structure. In this study, we aim to determine how body-size may prevent adoption of a furtive predation strategy. For that, the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) was selected as a model species, according to the great body-size increase experienced during the larval stage. We hypothesized that smaller instars will be furtive predators, whereas larger ones will be active-searching predators. After the inoculation close to a pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) colony, several behavioral parameters of the different larval instars were recorded. The elicited aphid colony disturbance was also evaluated and compared with that of the active-searching ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and of the furtive predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Aphids showed significantly fewer defensive behaviors in the presence of E. americanus larvae than in the presence of the active-searching H. axyridis. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that body-size increase was not a limit, since the three larval instars of the American hoverfly acted as furtive predators, just like the furtive A. aphidimyza. It is the first time a furtive predatory behavior has been recorded on such a large aphidophagous predator. The obtained results provide essential information about the biology of E. americanus, a potential biological control agent of aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Meseguer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–Agrotecnio-CERCA Centre, Lleida, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre Levi-Mourao
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–Agrotecnio-CERCA Centre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marc Fournier
- Laboratoire de lutte biologique, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–Agrotecnio-CERCA Centre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de lutte biologique, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Villain P, Carvalho AL, Lucas E, Mosquera I, Zhang L, Muwonge R, Selmouni F, Sauvaget C, Basu P. Cross-sectional survey of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening programs in selected low- and middle-income countries: Study from the IARC COVID-19 impact study group. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:97-107. [PMID: 33533501 PMCID: PMC8014228 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study to document the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening continuum in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). LMICs having an operational cancer control plan committed to screen eligible individuals were selected. Managers/supervisors of cancer screening programs were invited to participate in an online survey and subsequent in-depth interview. Managers/supervisors from 18 programs in 17 countries participated. Lockdown was imposed in all countries except Brazil. Screening was suspended for at least 30 days in 13 countries, while diagnostic-services for screen-positives were suspended in 9 countries. All countries except Cameroon, Bangladesh, India, Honduras and China managed to continue with cancer treatment throughout the outbreak. The participants rated service availability compared to pre-COVID days on a scale of 0 (no activities) to 100 (same as before). A rating of ≤50 was given for screening services by 61.1%, diagnostic services by 44.4% and treatment services by 22.2% participants. At least 70% participants strongly agreed that increased noncompliance of screen-positive individuals and staff being overloaded or overwhelmed with backlogs would deeply impact screening programs in the next 6 months at least. Although many of the LMICs were deficient in following the "best practices" to minimize service disruptions, at least some of them made significant efforts to improve screening participation, treatment compliance and program organization. A well-coordinated effort is needed to reinitiate screening services in the LMICs, starting with a situational analysis. Innovative strategies adopted by the programs to keep services on-track should be mutually shared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Li Zhang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Yáñez-Díaz MJ, Rodríguez M, Musleh S, Devotto L, Silva G, Lucas E. Photo-Selective Nets and Pest Control: Searching Behavior of the Codling Moth Parasitoid Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) under Varying Light Quantity and Quality Conditions. Insects 2021; 12:582. [PMID: 34203223 PMCID: PMC8305221 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photo-selective nets (PSN) are used to manipulate the physiology of fruit crops. Besides their advantages to the crop, PSN potentially affect insect pests and their natural enemies. We aimed to assess the effects of these production systems on the searching behavior of the codling moth parasitoid, Mastrus ridens. We hypothesized that PSN and black standard nets (SN) affect the behavior of the parasitoid by delaying host localization and reducing parasitism. Laboratory experiments were carried out in closed cages under four treatment conditions: black SN, pearl PSN, red PSN, and no PSN as control (uncovered cages). Our results showed that the host localization of M. ridens was delayed under black SN and enhanced by pearl and red PSN. The PSN and the black SN did not affect the parasitism levels. In addition, the initial behavior of the parasitoid during the first 30 min of the bioassays was not affected by treatments. However, females spent most of the time walking around the arena, grooming, or resting, regardless of the color of the net. Parasitism was not affected under the PSN or the black SN; however, this must be verified in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Yáñez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (M.-J.Y.-D.); (S.M.)
| | - Marcela Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (M.-J.Y.-D.); (S.M.)
| | - Selim Musleh
- Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (M.-J.Y.-D.); (S.M.)
- Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores INVASAL, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Devotto
- Centro Tecnológico de Control Biológico, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Avda. Vicente Méndez 515, Casilla 426, 3780000 Chillán, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Silva
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Casilla 537, 3780000 Chillán, Chile;
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada;
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Simoens C, Gorbaslieva I, Gheit T, Holzinger D, Lucas E, Ridder R, Rehm S, Vermeulen P, Lammens M, Vanderveken OM, Kumar RV, Gangane N, Caniglia A, Maffini F, Rubio MBL, Anantharaman D, Chiocca S, Brennan P, Pillai MR, Sankaranarayanan R, Bogers J, Pawlita M, Tommasino M, Arbyn M. HPV DNA genotyping, HPV E6*I mRNA detection, and p16 INK4a/Ki-67 staining in Belgian head and neck cancer patient specimens, collected within the HPV-AHEAD study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 72:101925. [PMID: 33839457 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) are tobacco and alcohol use. However, an important fraction of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), a subgroup with increasing incidence in several western countries. METHODS As part of the HPV-AHEAD study, we assessed the role of HPV infection in 772 archived tissue specimens of Belgian HNC patients: 455 laryngeal (LC), 106 oral cavity (OCC), 99 OPC, 76 hypopharyngeal (HC), and 36 unspecified parts of the head and neck. All specimens were tested for HPV DNA (21 genotypes); whereof all HPV DNA-positives, all HPV DNA-negative OPCs and a random subset of HPV DNA-negatives of the other HNC-sites were tested for the presence of type-specific HPV RNA and p16INK4a over-expression. RESULTS The highest HPV DNA prevalence was observed in OPC (36.4 %), and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the other HNCs (OCC:7.5 %, LC:6.6 %). HPV16 was the most common HPV-genotype in all HNCs. Approximately 83.0 % of the HPV DNA-positive OPCs tested HPV RNA or p16-positive, compared to about 37.5 % and 44.0 % in OCC and LC, respectively. Estimation of the attributable fraction of an HPV infection in HNC was very similar for HPV RNA or p16 in addition to DNA-positivity; with 30 % for OPC, and 3 % for OCC and LC. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the heterogeneity of HPV DNA prevalence across anatomical sites in HNC, with a predominance of HPV16 in all sites. The estimated proportion of HPV-driven HNC in Belgium, during the period 1980-2014, was 10 times higher in OPC compared to OCC and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Simoens
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ivana Gorbaslieva
- AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Lucas
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Ruediger Ridder
- Roche Mtm Laboratories, Mannheim, Germany; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. (Roche Tissue Diagnostics), Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Peter Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Pathological Anatomy, Sint Augustinus Hospital, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Nitin Gangane
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra State, 442102, India
| | | | - Fausto Maffini
- Division of Pathology, Instituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Devasena Anantharaman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Johannes Bogers
- AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pacheco P, Borges I, Branco B, Lucas E, Soares AO. Costs and Benefits of Wax Production in the Larvae of the Ladybeetle Scymnus nubilus. Insects 2021; 12:insects12050458. [PMID: 34065731 PMCID: PMC8156663 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a tiny ladybird reaching a maximum body weight of about 1.5 mg. Despite its small body size, the individuals of this species are able to thrive in aphidophagous guilds with other predator species with stronger competitive abilities and potential to exert intraguild predation (IGP). In this study, we explore to what extent that the wax layer of S. nubilus larvae produced by dorsal epidermal cells is an effective defensive mechanism. We predict that wax production by larvae is a trait selected by adaptive evolution where some benefits (eventually protection against intraguild predation) were traded with some costs. In manipulative experiments, we found that waxless S. nubilus larvae (waxes removed artificially) were more susceptible to IGP by lacewing larvae of Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). We also found that adults originating from waxless larvae were lighter than the ones originating from wax larvae, demonstrating a metabolic cost resulting from a constant need of wax production. The results indicate the potential existence of a trade-off between growth and protection associated with wax production in beetles. Abstract BACKGROUND: Larvae of the minute aphidophagous Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are common predators in apple orchards, covered by a wax layer that might act as a defense mechanism against natural enemies. However, the costs and benefits of protection conferred by wax remain to be assessed. We tested the following hypothesis: there is a trade-off in wax producing ladybeetles between the protection conferred by wax cover and the physiological or behavioral costs associated with its production. We predict that: (1) wax production is an efficient defensive mechanism (against intraguild predation), (2) wax production is associated with detrimental physiological (growth, reproduction) or behavioral effects (behavioral compensation: increased biomass consumption). RESULTS: Tests were carried out in the laboratory with wax and waxless larvae of S. nubilus, with and without lacewing larvae of Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) being used as a potential intraguild predator of the coccinellid. Waxless individuals were more susceptible to intraguild predation by lacewing larvae. Adults originating from waxless larvae were lighter than the ones originating from wax larvae, suggesting a metabolic cost resulting from a constant need of wax production. Body-weight gain and conversion efficiency were lower in waxless larvae. Biomass consumption was similar, showing that waxless larvae did not compensate for the physiological cost by eating more aphid biomass. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the potential existence of a trade-off between growth and protection associated with wax production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pacheco
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (P.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Isabel Borges
- cE3c-ABG-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Beatriz Branco
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (P.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
| | - António Onofre Soares
- cE3c-ABG-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-296-650-464
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Basu P, Alhomoud S, Taghavi K, Carvalho AL, Lucas E, Baussano I. Cancer Screening in the Coronavirus Pandemic Era: Adjusting to a New Situation. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:416-424. [PMID: 33784177 PMCID: PMC8081552 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus-induced pandemic has put great pressure on health systems worldwide. Nonemergency health services, such as cancer screening, have been scaled down or withheld as a result of travel restrictions and resources being redirected to manage the pandemic. The present article discusses the challenges to cancer screening implementation in the pandemic environment, suggesting ways to optimize services for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. METHODS The manuscript was drafted by a team of public health specialists with expertise in implementation and monitoring of cancer screening. A scoping review of literature revealed the lack of comprehensive guidance on continuation of cancer screening in the midst of waxing and waning of infection. The recommendations in the present article were based on the advisories issued by different health agencies and professional bodies and the authors' understanding of the best practices to maintain quality-assured cancer screening. RESULTS A well-coordinated approach is required to ensure that essential health services such as cancer management are maintained and elective services are not threatened, especially because of resource constraints. In the context of cancer screening, a few changes in invitation strategies, screening and management protocols and program governance need to be considered to fit into the new normal situation. Restoring public trust in providing efficient and safe services should be one of the key mandates for screening program reorganization. This may be a good opportunity to introduce innovations (eg, telehealth) and consider de-implementing non-evidence-based practices. It is necessary to consider increased spending on primary health care and incorporating screening services in basic health package. CONCLUSION The article provides guidance on reorganization of screening policies, governance, implementation, and program monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Samar Alhomoud
- Section Colorectal Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katayoun Taghavi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- The Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB) of the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Joshi S, Muwonge R, Kulkarni V, Lucas E, Kulkarni S, Kand S, Mandolkar M, Baig M, Wankhede S, Surwase K, Pardeshi D, Basu P, Rengaswamy S. Mobile Screening Unit (MSU) for the Implementation of the 'Screen and Treat' Programme for Cervical Cancer Prevention In Pune, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:413-418. [PMID: 33639655 PMCID: PMC8190336 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We are reporting the evaluation of an opportunistic point of care cervical cancer screening initiative in Pune, India using a mobile screening unit (MSU). METHODS We conducted 290 cervical cancer screening outreach clinics in the MSU. Screening was performed by trained nurses/ health care providers using visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA). Screen positive women when eligible were treated by thermal ablation during the same sitting. Women with large lesions not eligible for treatment with thermal ablation were referred for colposcopy and treatment. RESULTS A total of 10, 925 women were screened between Nov 2016 and June 2019 in 290 outreach clinics in the MSU. The overall screen positivity was 6.6% (95% CI 6.1, 7.0) with a declining trend over time. A total of 304/717 (42.4%, 95% CI 38.7, 46.1) women received treatment with thermal ablation. About 3.6% (11/304) reported minor side effects and 1.6% (5/304) reported lower abdominal pain and all of them subsided after treatment. Among the 413 women who were advised colposcopy, only 84 (20.33%) women underwent the procedure. Of these 84 women, 64 (76.19%) had normal colposcopy/ histopathology, 7 (8.33%) had CIN1, 2 (2.38%) had CIN 2, 9 (10.71%) had CIN 3 disease and 2 (2.38%) women were diagnosed with invasive cancer. CONCLUSION MSUs are useful for providing cervical cancer screening services, using the 'screen and treat' strategy. Thermal ablation is safe in the field clinics. Additional efforts are needed to improve the compliance for referral of those with large lesions requiring additional visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Screening Group, Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
| | - Vinay Kulkarni
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Eric Lucas
- Screening Group, Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
| | - Sanjeevani Kulkarni
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Seema Kand
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Mahesh Mandolkar
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Mufid Baig
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Sudhakar Wankhede
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Kavita Surwase
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Dilip Pardeshi
- Prayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.
| | - Partha Basu
- Screening Group, Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
| | - Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy
- Research Triangle Institute, International-India, Commercial Tower, Pullman Hotel Aerocity, New Delhi, India.
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