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Dibs K, Facer B, Mageswaran P, Raval R, Thomas E, Gogineni E, Beyer S, Pan J, Klamer B, Ayan A, Bourekas E, Boulter D, Fetko N, Cochran E, Zoller I, Chakravarthy V, Tili E, Elder JB, Lonser R, Elguindy A, Soghrati S, Marras W, Grecula J, Chakravarti A, Palmer J, Blakaj DM. Vertebral Compression Fracture After Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: The Role of Vertebral Endplate Disruption. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:797-804. [PMID: 37902322 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is a common, but serious toxicity of spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Several variables that place patients at high risk of VCF have previously been identified, including advanced Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), a widely adopted clinical decision criterion to assess spinal instability. We examine the role of tumoral endplate (EP) disruption in the risk of VCF and attempt to incorporate it into a simple risk stratification system. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort study from a single institution. Demographic and treatment information was collected for patients who received spinal SBRT between 2013 and 2019. EP disruption was noted on pre-SBRT computed tomography scan. The primary end point of 1-year cumulative incidence of VCF was assessed on follow-up MRI and computed tomography scans at 3-month intervals after treatment. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were included. The median follow-up was 18 months. Approximately 48 patients (43%) had at least one EP disruption. Twenty patients (18%) experienced a VCF at a median of 5.2 months from SBRT. Patients with at least one EP disruption were more likely to experience VCF than those with no EP disruption (29% vs 6%, P < .001). A nomogram was created using the variables of EP disruption, a SINS of ≥7, and adverse histology. Patients were stratified into groups at low and high risk of VCF, which were associated with 2% and 38% risk of VCF ( P < .001). CONCLUSION EP disruption is a novel risk factor for VCF in patients who will undergo spinal SBRT. A simple nomogram incorporating EP disruption, adverse histology, and SINS score is effective for quickly assessing risk of VCF. These data require validation in prospective studies and could be helpful in counseling patients regarding VCF risk and referring for prophylactic interventions in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Dibs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Benjin Facer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Prasath Mageswaran
- The Spine Research Institute, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Raju Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Evan Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Emile Gogineni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Sasha Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Jeff Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Brett Klamer
- Department of Biostatistics, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Ahmet Ayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Eric Bourekas
- Department of Radiology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Daniel Boulter
- Department of Radiology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Nicholas Fetko
- Department of Radiology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Eric Cochran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Ian Zoller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Vikram Chakravarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - J Bradley Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Russel Lonser
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Ahmed Elguindy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Soheil Soghrati
- The Spine Research Institute, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - William Marras
- The Spine Research Institute, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - John Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Joshua Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Dukagjin M Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus , Ohio , USA
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Magro C, Tili E, Nuovo G. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier is correlated with spike endocytosis by ACE2 + endothelia in the CNS microvasculature in fatal COVID-19. Scientific commentary on "Detection of blood-brain barrier disruption in brains of patients with COVID-19, but no evidence of brain penetration by SARS-CoV-2". Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:47. [PMID: 38413411 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Magro
- Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- CMO - GNOMEDX, Powell, OH, USA.
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Rice M, Nuovo GJ, Sawant D, Mishra A, Tili E. Comparison of Neuroinflammation Induced by Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein Versus Ab42 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03822-w. [PMID: 38105410 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Both neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are associated with inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their relative degree of induced neuroinflammation, however, is not well established. Mouse models of AD that expressed either human Aβ42 (n = 7) or human hyperphosphorylated tau protein alone (n = 3), wild type (n = 10), and human AD samples (n = 29 with 18 controls) were studied. The benefit of using mouse models that possess only human tau or amyloid-b is that it allows for the individual evaluation of how each protein affects neuroinflammation, something not possible in human tissue. Three indicators of neuroinflammation were examined: TLRs/RIG1 expression, the density of astrocytes and microglial cells, and well-established mediators of neuroinflammation (IL6, TNFα, IL1β, and CXCL10). There was a statistically significant increase in neuroinflammation with all three variables in the mouse models with human tau only as compared to human Aβ42 only or wild-type mice (each at p < 0.0001). Only the Aβ42 5xFAD mice (n = 4) showed statistically higher neuroinflammation versus wild type (p = 0.0030). The human AD tissues were segregated into Aβ42 only or hyperphosphorylated tau protein with Aβ42. The latter areas showed increased neuroinflammation with each of the three variables compared to the areas with only Aβ42. Of the TLRs and RIG-1, TLR8 was significantly elevated in both the mouse model and human AD and only in areas with the abnormal tau protein. It is concluded that although Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau protein can each induce inflammation, the latter protein is associated with a much stronger neuroinflammatory response vis-a-vis a significantly greater activated microglial response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Mezache L, Nuovo G, Suster D, Tili E, Awad H, Radwanski P, Veeraraghavan R. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced inflammation underlies proarrhythmia in COVID-19. Biophys J 2023; 122:434a. [PMID: 36784226 PMCID: PMC9912770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Gnome Diagnostics, Powell, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Hamdy Awad
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dibs K, Palmer JD, Prasad RN, Olausson A, Bourekas EC, Boulter D, Ayan AS, Cochran E, Marras WS, Mageswaran P, Thomas E, Grecula J, Guiou M, Soghrati S, Tili E, Raval RR, Mendel E, Scharschmidt T, Elder JB, Lonser R, Chakravarti A, Blakaj DM. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of circumferential spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912799. [PMID: 36505845 PMCID: PMC9727181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With advances in systemic therapy translating to improved survival in metastatic malignancies, spine metastases have become an increasingly common source of morbidity. Achieving durable local control (LC) for patients with circumferential epidural disease can be particularly challenging. Circumferential stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may offer improved LC for circumferential vertebral and/or epidural metastatic spinal disease, but prospective (and retrospective) data are extremely limited. We sought to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and cancer control outcomes with this novel approach to circumferential spinal disease. Methods We retrospectively identified all circumferential SBRT courses delivered between 2013 and 2019 at a tertiary care institution for post-operative or intact spine metastases. Radiotherapy was delivered to 14-27.5 Gy in one to five fractions. Feasibility was assessed by determining the proportion of plans for which ≥95% planning target volume (PTV) was coverable by ≥95% prescription dose. The primary endpoint was 1-year LC. Factors associated with increased likelihood of local failure (LF) were explored. Acute and chronic toxicity were assessed. Detailed dosimetric data were collected. Results Fifty-eight patients receiving 64 circumferential SBRT courses were identified (median age 61, KPS ≥70, 57% men). With a median follow-up of 15 months, the 12-month local control was 85% (eight events). Five and three recurrences were in the epidural space and bone, respectively. On multivariate analysis, increased PTV and uncontrolled systemic disease were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of LF; ≥95% PTV was covered by ≥95% prescription dose in 94% of the cases. The rate of new or progressive vertebral compression fracture was 8%. There were no myelitis events or any grade 3+ acute or late toxicities. Conclusions For patients with circumferential disease, circumferential spine SBRT is feasible and may offer excellent LC without significant toxicity. A prospective evaluation of this approach is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Dibs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rahul N. Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Olausson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric C. Bourekas
- Department of Radiology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Boulter
- Department of Radiology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ahmet S. Ayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric Cochran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - William S. Marras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prasath Mageswaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Evan Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Guiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Green Bay Oncology, Green Bay, WI, United States
| | - Soheil Soghrati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ehud Mendel
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Scharschmidt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James B. Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Russell Lonser
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Center at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Dukagjin M. Blakaj,
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Nuovo GJ, Suster D, Sawant D, Mishra A, Michaille JJ, Tili E. The amplification of CNS damage in Alzheimer's disease due to SARS-CoV2 infection. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 61:152057. [PMID: 36334414 PMCID: PMC9616485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing Alzheimer's disease is a risk factor for severe/fatal COVID-19 and infection by SARS-CoV2 virus has been associated with an increased incidence of un-masked Alzheimer's disease. The molecular basis whereby SARS-CoV2 may amplify Alzheimer's disease is not well understood. This study analyzed the molecular changes in autopsy brain tissues from people with pre-existing dementia who died of COVID-19 (n = 5) which was compared to equivalent tissues of people who died of COVID-19 with no history of dementia (n = 8), Alzheimer's disease pre-COVID-19 (n = 10) and aged matched controls (n = 10) in a blinded fashion. Immunohistochemistry analyses for hyperphosphorylated tau protein, α-synuclein, and β-amyloid-42 confirmed the diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (n = 4), and Lewy body dementia (n = 1) in the COVID-19 group. The brain tissues from patients who died of COVID-19 with no history of dementia showed a diffuse microangiopathy marked by endocytosis of spike subunit S1 and S2 in primarily CD31+ endothelia with strong co-localization with ACE2, Caspase-3, IL6, TNFα, and Complement component 6 that was not associated with SARS-CoV2 RNA. Microglial activation marked by increased TMEM119 and MCP1 protein expression closely paralleled the endocytosed spike protein. The COVID-19 tissues from people with no pre-existing dementia showed, compared to controls, 5-10× fold increases in expression of neuronal NOS and NMDAR2 as well as a marked decrease in the expression of proteins whose loss is associated with worsening Alzheimer's disease: MFSD2a, SHIP1, BCL6, BCL10, and BACH1. In COVID-19 tissues from people with dementia the widespread spike-induced microencephalitis with the concomitant microglial activation co-existed in the same areas where neurons had hyperphosphorylated tau protein suggesting that the already dysfunctional neurons were additionally stressed by the SARS-CoV2 induced microangiopathy. ACE2+ human brain endothelial cells treated with high dose (but not vaccine equivalent low dose) spike S1 protein demonstrated each of the molecular changes noted in the in vivo COVID-19 and COVID-19/Alzheimer's disease brain tissues. It is concluded that fatal COVID-19 induces a diffuse microencephalitis and microglial activation in the brain due to endocytosis of circulating viral spike protein that amplifies pre-existing dementia in at least two ways: 1) modulates the expression of proteins that may worsen Alzheimer's disease and 2) stresses the already dysfunctional neurons by causing an acute proinflammatory/hypercoagulable/hypoxic microenvironment in areas with abundant hyperphosphorylated tau protein and/or βA-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Nuovo
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; GnomeDX, Powell, OH, USA.
| | - David Suster
- Rutgers University Hospital Department of Pathology, Newark, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Suster D, Tili E, Nuovo GJ. The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 61:152032. [PMID: 36113259 PMCID: PMC9436872 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Forty nasopharyngeal swabs with either productive mild infection (n = 20) or negative for SARS-CoV2 (n = 20) were tested along with ten lung sections from people who died of COVID-19 which contained abundant SARS-CoV2 and ten controls. There was a 25-fold increase in the CD3+T cell numbers in the viral positive nasopharyngeal swabs compared to the controls (p < 0.001) and no change in the CD3+T cell count in the fatal COVID-19 lungs versus the controls. CD11b + and CD206+ macrophage counts were significantly higher in the mild versus fatal disease (p = 0.002). In situ analysis for SARS-CoV2 RNA found ten COVID-19 lung sections that had no/rare detectable virus and also lacked the microangiopathy typical of the viral positive sections. These viral negative lung tissues when compared to the viral positive lung samples showed a highly significant increase in CD3+ and CD8 T cells (p < 0.001), equivalent numbers of CD163+ cells, and significantly less PDL1, CD11b and CD206+ cells (p = 0.002). It is concluded that mild SARS-CoV2 infection is marked by a much stronger CD3/CD8 T cell, CD11b, and CD206 macrophage response than the fatal lung disease where viral RNA is abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Suster
- Rutgers University Hospital Department of Pathology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; GnomeDX, Powell, OH, USA.
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Kelani H, Nuovo G, Bratasz A, Rajan J, Efanov AA, Michaille JJ, Awad H, Tili E. MicroRNA miR-155 Activity in Mouse Choline Acetyltransferase-Positive Neurons Is Critical for the Rate of Early and Late Paraplegia After Transient Aortic Cross-Clamping. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:788301. [PMID: 35185466 PMCID: PMC8850917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.788301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurism open repair surgery can cause spinal cord (SC) injury with 5–15% of patients developing paraparesis or paraplegia. Using a mouse model of transient aortic cross-clamping (ACC), we have previously found that the expression of proinflammatory microRNA miR-155 increases in motoneurons (MNs) and endothelial cells (ECs) of ischemic SCs, and that global miR-155 deletion decreases the percentage of paraplegia by 37.4% at 48-h post-ACC. Here, we investigated the cell-specific contribution of miR-155 in choline acetyltransferase-positive (ChAT+) neurons (that include all MNs of the SC) and ECs to SC injury after ACC. Mice lacking miR-155 in ChAT+ neurons (MN-miR-155-KO mice) developed 24.6% less paraplegia than control mice at 48-h post-ACC. In contrast, mice lacking miR-155 in ECs (ECs-miR-155-KO mice) experienced the same percentage of paraplegia as control mice, despite presenting smaller central cord edema. Unexpectedly, mice overexpressing miR-155 in ChAT+ neurons were less likely than control mice to develop early paraplegia during the first day post-ACC, however they reached the same percentage of paraplegia at 48-h. In addition, all mice overexpressing miR-155 in ECs (ECs-miR-155-KI mice) were paraplegic at 48-h post-ACC. Altogether, our results suggest that miR-155 activity in ChAT+ neurons protects the SC against ischemic injury during the first day post-ACC before becoming deleterious during the second day, which indicates that early and late paraplegias arise from different molecular malfunctions. These results point to the need to develop specific protective therapeutics aimed at inhibiting both the early and late deleterious events after open repair surgery of aortic aneurisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Kelani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Center Shared Resource, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jayanth Rajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alexander A. Efanov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- BioPerox-IL, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Hamdy Awad,
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Esmerina Tili,
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Nuovo GJ, Suster D, Tili E, Awad H, Magro C. A Standardization Protocol for the In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA and Proteins. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:83-90. [PMID: 35175238 PMCID: PMC8862676 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript details a stringent protocol for the in situ detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA and 4 different viral proteins: envelope, spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid. Key aspects of the protocol are: (1) analysis of adjacent (serial) sections for viral RNA and at least 2 viral proteins; (2) cytologic alterations in the cells scored as virus positive based on an hematoxylin and eosin stain; (3) in situ demonstration of a host response in the cells scored as virus positive; (4) co-labeling experiments that show that the viral RNA and/or proteins co-localize with each other and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor; and (5) lack of signal in equivalent tissues obtained before the pandemic. Optimization conditions for the four viral proteins as well as the ACE2 receptor were each antigen retrieval in an EDTA solution which facilitates co-expression analyses. It is recommended not to use either electron microscopy or qRTPCR as methods to corroborate in situ SARS-CoV2 detection. This stringent protocol, that relies on sequentially labeled serial sections and can be completed in one working day, demonstrated the following: (1) infectious SARS-CoV2 is abundant in the lung in fatal coronavirus disease-2019 and is seen primarily in macrophages and endothelial cells; (2) circulating viral capsid proteins (spike, envelope, membrane without RNA) are evident in multiple organs including the skin and brain where it is endocytosed by ACE2+ cells and induce an endothelialitis; (3) both the infectious virus and circulating spike protein induce complement activation and cytologic changes in the viral positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J. Nuovo
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Discovery Life Sciences, Powell, OH
| | - David Suster
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers University Hospital, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Hamdy Awad
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Nuovo GJ, Suster D, Awad H, Michaille JJ, Tili E. The histologic and molecular correlates of liver disease in fatal COVID-19 including with alcohol use disorder. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 57:151881. [PMID: 34968863 PMCID: PMC8694815 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic disease is common in severe COVID-19. This study compared the histologic/molecular findings in the liver in fatal COVID-19 (n = 9) and age-matched normal controls (n = 9); three of the fatal COVID-19 livers had pre-existing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Controls showed a high resident population of sinusoidal macrophages that had variable ACE2 expression. Histologic findings in the cases included periportal/lobular inflammation. SARS-CoV2 RNA and nucleocapsid protein were detected in situ in 2/9 COVID-19 livers in low amounts. In 9/9 cases, there was ample in situ SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that co-localized with viral matrix and envelope proteins. The number of cells positive for spike/100× field was significantly greater in the AUD/COVID-19 cases (mean 5.9) versus the non-AUD/COVID-19 cases (mean 0.4, p < 0.001) which was corroborated by Western blots. ACE2+ cells were 10× greater in AUD/COVID-19 livers versus the other COVID-19/control liver samples (p < 0.001). Co-expression experiments showed that the spike protein localized to the ACE2 positive macrophages and, in the AUD cases, hepatic stellate cells that were activated as evidenced by IL6 and TNFα expression. Injection of the S1, but not S2, subunit of spike in mice induced hepatic lobular inflammation in activated macrophages. It is concluded that endocytosed viral spike protein can induce hepatitis in fatal COVID-19. This spike induced hepatitis is more robust in the livers with pre-existing AUD which may relate to why patients with alcohol abuse are at higher risk of severe liver disease with SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; GnomeDX, Powell, OH, USA.
| | - David Suster
- Rutgers University Hospital Department of Pathology, Newark, NY, USA
| | - Hamdy Awad
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; BioPerox-IL, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Esmerina Tili
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Awad H, Efanov A, Rajan J, Denney A, Gigax B, Kobalka P, Kelani H, Basso DM, Bozinovski J, Tili E. Histological Findings After Aortic Cross-Clamping in Preclinical Animal Models. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:895-911. [PMID: 34534333 PMCID: PMC8783616 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemic injury and paralysis are devastating complications after open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Preclinical models have been developed to simulate the clinical paradigm to better understand the neuropathophysiology and develop therapeutic treatment. Neuropathological findings in the preclinical models have not been comprehensively examined before. This systematic review studies the past 40 years of the histological findings after open surgical repair in preclinical models. Our main finding is that damage is predominantly in the grey matter of the spinal cord, although white matter damage in the spinal cord is also reported. Future research needs to examine the neuropathological findings in preclinical models after endovascular repair, a newer type of surgical repair used to treat aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Awad
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Efanov
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jayanth Rajan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Denney
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley Gigax
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Kobalka
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesham Kelani
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Michele Basso
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Bozinovski
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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12
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Awad H, Tili E, Nuovo G, Kelani H, Ramadan ME, Williams J, Binzel K, Rajan J, Mast D, Efanov AA, Rasul KB, Moore S, Basso M, Mikhail A, Eltobgy M, Malbrue RA, Bourekas E, Oglesbee M, Bergdall V, Knopp M, Michaille JJ, El-Sayed H. Endovascular repair and open repair surgery of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms cause drastically different types of spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7834. [PMID: 33837260 PMCID: PMC8035135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both endovascular repair (EVR) and open repair (OR) surgery of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms cause spinal cord (SC) injury that can lead to paraparesis or paraplegia. It has been assumed that mechanisms responsible for SC damage after EVR are similar to those after OR. This pilot study compared the pathophysiology of SC injury after EVR versus OR using a newly developed EVR dog model. An increasing number of stents similar to those used in patients were inserted in the aorta of three dogs to ensure thoracic or thoracic plus lumbar coverage. The aorta of OR dogs was cross-clamped for 45 min. Behavior assessment demonstrated unique patterns of proprioceptive ataxia and evolving paraparesis in EVR versus irreversible paraplegia in OR. MRI showed posterior signal in lumbar SC after EVR versus central cord edema after OR. Histopathology showed white matter edema in L3-L5 localized to the dorsal column medial lemniscus area associated with loss of myelin basic protein but not neurons after EVR, versus massive neuronal loss in the gray matter in L3-L5 after OR. Metabolome analysis demonstrates a distinctive chemical fingerprint of cellular processes in both interventions. Our results call for the development of new therapeutics tailored to these distinct pathophysiologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Phylogeny, 1476 Manning Pkwy, Powell, OH, 43065, USA
| | - Hesham Kelani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Jim Williams
- Phylogeny, 1476 Manning Pkwy, Powell, OH, 43065, USA
| | - Katherine Binzel
- Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jayanth Rajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Mast
- ECMO Coordinator, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander A Efanov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kareem B Rasul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michele Basso
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, 106A Atwell Hall, 453 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adel Mikhail
- Phylogeny, 1476 Manning Pkwy, Powell, OH, 43065, USA
| | - Mostafa Eltobgy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Raphael A Malbrue
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, University Laboratory Animal Resources, The Ohio State University, 111 Wiseman Hall, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric Bourekas
- Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 205 Goss Laboratory, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Valerie Bergdall
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, University Laboratory Animal Resources, The Ohio State University, 111 Wiseman Hall, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael Knopp
- Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- BioPerox-IL, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 6 Bd. Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Hosam El-Sayed
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Dr, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
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Nuovo GJ, Magro C, Shaffer T, Awad H, Suster D, Mikhail S, He B, Michaille JJ, Liechty B, Tili E. Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 51:151682. [PMID: 33360731 PMCID: PMC7758180 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic complications of symptomatic COVID-19 are common. Brain tissues from 13 autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 were examined. Cultured endothelial and neuronal cells were incubated with and wild type mice were injected IV with different spike subunits. In situ analyses were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the host response. In 13/13 brains from fatal COVID-19, pseudovirions (spike, envelope, and membrane proteins without viral RNA) were present in the endothelia of microvessels ranging from 0 to 14 positive cells/200× field (mean 4.3). The pseudovirions strongly co-localized with caspase-3, ACE2, IL6, TNFα, and C5b-9. The surrounding neurons demonstrated increased NMDAR2 and neuronal NOS plus decreased MFSD2a and SHIP1 proteins. Tail vein injection of the full length S1 spike subunit in mice led to neurologic signs (increased thirst, stressed behavior) not evident in those injected with the S2 subunit. The S1 subunit localized to the endothelia of microvessels in the mice brain and showed co-localization with caspase-3, ACE2, IL6, TNFα, and C5b-9. The surrounding neurons showed increased neuronal NOS and decreased MFSD2a. It is concluded that ACE2+ endothelial damage is a central part of SARS-CoV2 pathology and may be induced by the spike protein alone. Thus, the diagnostic pathologist can use either hematoxylin and eosin stain or immunohistochemistry for caspase 3 and ACE2 to document the endothelial cell damage of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Nuovo
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Discovery Life Sciences, Powell, OH, USA.
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | | | - Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Suster
- Rutgers University Hospital Department of Pathology, Newark, NY, USA
| | | | - Bing He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Dept of Cancer Biology BioPerox-IL, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Liechty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Nuovo G, Tili E, Suster D, Matys E, Hupp L, Magro C. Strong homology between SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein and a Mycobacterium sp. antigen allows rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterial infections and may provide specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity via the BCG vaccine. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 48:151600. [PMID: 32805515 PMCID: PMC7423587 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The vaccine BCG has been reported to offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been hypothesized this is based on nonspecific enhancement of innate immunity. This study addressed whether there is strong homology between a SARS-CoV-2 capsid protein and a Mycobacterium bovis protein that would allow for stronger, more specific immune protection. The study also showed the utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic pathology laboratory for elucidating this information. Immunohistochemistry documented that an antibody directed against the SARS-CoV-2 envelope, but not the spike or membrane proteins, strongly cross hybridized to 11/11 Mycobacterial species tested, including M. bovis. BlastP analysis showed high homology of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein with 12 consecutive amino acids of the protein LytR C, which is a consensus protein unique to Mycobacteria. Six additional cases of human tuberculosis with few organisms showed that the viral envelope specific antibody (5/6) was more accurate than the AFB stain (2/6) for diagnostic purposes. These data indicate BCG vaccination induces a specific immunity against SARS CoV-2 that targets the viral envelope protein that is essential for infectivity. Thus, a concurrent booster or first use of the BCG vaccine may reduce the severity of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The data also suggests the value of using the SARS-CoV-2 envelope antibody in the diagnosis of Mycobacterial infections in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues by the diagnostic pathologist. The envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 is strongly homologous with a consensus Mycobacterial protein. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody against the viral envelope, thus, can detect Mycobacterial infections. This test is superior to the AFB stain for Mycobacterial detection by the anatomic pathologist. The BCG vaccine offers a strong, viral specific immunity against COVID-19 due to this strong homology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Suster
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eva Matys
- Discovery Life Sciences, Powell, OH 43065, USA
| | - Lance Hupp
- Discovery Life Sciences, Powell, OH 43065, USA
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NY, NY 10022, USA.
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15
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Woods PS, Doolittle LM, Rosas LE, Nana-Sinkam SP, Tili E, Davis IC. Increased expression of microRNA-155-5p by alveolar type II cells contributes to development of lethal ARDS in H1N1 influenza A virus-infected mice. Virology 2020; 545:40-52. [PMID: 32308197 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential to lung function and a primary site of influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Effects of IAV infection on ATII cell microRNA (miR) expression have not been comprehensively investigated. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with 10,000 or 100 pfu/mouse of IAV A/WSN/33 (H1N1) significantly altered expression of 73 out of 1908 mature murine miRs in ATII cells at 2 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and 253 miRs at 6 d.p.i. miR-155-5p (miR-155) showed the greatest increase in expression within ATII cells at both timepoints and the magnitude of this increase correlated with inoculum size and pulmonary edema severity. Influenza-induced lung injury was attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic miR-155-knockout mice without affecting viral replication. Attenuation of lung injury was dependent on deletion of miR-155 from stromal cells and was recapitulated in ATII cell-specific miR-155-knockout mice. These data suggest that ATII cell miR-155 is a potential therapeutic target for IAV-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker S Woods
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren M Doolittle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucia E Rosas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Michaille JJ, Awad H, Fortman EC, Efanov AA, Tili E. miR-155 expression in antitumor immunity: The higher the better? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:208-218. [PMID: 30382602 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression either directly, by impairing the stability and/or translation of transcripts that contain their specific target sequence, or indirectly through the targeting of transcripts that encode transcription factors, factors implicated in signal transduction pathways, or epigenetic regulators. Abnormal expression of micro-RNAs has been found in nearly all types of pathologies, including cancers. MiR-155 has been the first microRNA to be implicated in the regulation of the innate and adaptative immune responses, and its expression is either increased or decreased in a variety of liquid and solid malignancies. In this review, we examine the oncogenic and antitumor potentials of miR-155, with special emphasize on its dose-dependent effects. We describe the impact of miR-155 levels on antitumor activity of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. We discuss miR-155 dose-dependent effects in leukemias and analyze results showing that miR-155 intermediate levels tend to be detrimental, whereas high levels of miR-155 expression usually prove beneficial. We also examine the beneficial effects of high levels of miR-155 expression in solid tumors. We discuss the possible causal involvement of miR-155 in leukemias and dementia in individuals with Down's syndrome. We finally propose that increasing miR-155 levels in immune cells might increase the efficiency of newly developed cancer immunotherapies, due to miR-155 ability to target transcripts encoding immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 or programmed death-ligand 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Michaille
- BioPerox-IL, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (EA 7270), Dijon, France.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily C Fortman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alexander A Efanov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Nuovo
- GNOME Diagnostics, Powell, OH 43065, États-Unis. - Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, États-Unis
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, États-Unis. - Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, États-Unis
| | - Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, États-Unis
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- BioPerox-IL, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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18
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Awad H, Bratasz A, Nuovo G, Burry R, Meng X, Kelani H, Brown M, Ramadan ME, Williams J, Bouhliqah L, Popovich PG, Guan Z, Mcallister C, Corcoran SE, Kaspar B, Michele Basso D, Otero JJ, Kirsch C, Davis IC, Croce CM, Michaille JJ, Tili E. MiR-155 deletion reduces ischemia-induced paralysis in an aortic aneurysm repair mouse model: Utility of immunohistochemistry and histopathology in understanding etiology of spinal cord paralysis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 36:12-20. [PMID: 29966831 PMCID: PMC6208131 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord paralysis is relatively common after surgical repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) and its etiology is unknown. The present study was designed to examine the histopathology of the disease and investigate whether miR-155 ablation would reduce spinal cord ischemic damage and delayed hindlimb paralysis induced by aortic cross-clamping (ACC) in our mouse model. The loss of locomotor function in ACC-paralyzed mice correlated with the presence of extensive gray matter damage and central cord edema, with minimal white matter histopathology. qRTPCR and Western blotting showed that the spinal cords of wild-type ACC mice that escaped paralysis showed lower miR-155 expression and higher levels of transcripts encoding Mfsd2a, which is implicated in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. In situ based testing demonstrated that increased miR-155 detection in neurons was highly correlated with the gray matter damage and the loss of one of its targets, Mfsd2a, could serve as a good biomarker of the endothelial cell damage. In vitro, we demonstrated that miR-155 targeted Mfsd2a in endothelial cells and motoneurons and increased endothelial cell permeability. Finally, miR-155 ablation slowed the progression of central cord edema, and reduced the incidence of paralysis by 40%. In sum, the surgical pathology findings clearly indicated that the epicenter of the ischemic-induced paralysis was the gray matter and that endothelial cell damage correlated to Mfsd2a loss is a good biomarker of the disease. MiR-155 targeting therefore offers new therapeutic opportunity for edema caused by traumatic spinal cord injury and diagnostic pathologists, by using immunohistochemistry, can clarify if this mechanism also is important in other ischemic diseases of the CNS, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Center Shared Resource, Wexner Medical Center, OSU, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Present address: Phylogeny, Inc., Powell, OH 43065-7295, USA.
| | - Richard Burry
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaomei Meng
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hesham Kelani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Melissa Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mohamed E Ramadan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jim Williams
- Present address: Phylogeny, Inc., Powell, OH 43065-7295, USA
| | - Lamia Bouhliqah
- Department of ENT, Wexner Medical Center, OSU, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cynthia Mcallister
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sarah E Corcoran
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian Kaspar
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - D Michele Basso
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - José J Otero
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, OSU, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Kirsch
- Department of Radiology, NSUH, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlo Maria Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; BioPerox-IL, UB-INSERM IFR #100, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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19
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Michaille JJ, Piurowski V, Rigot B, Kelani H, Fortman EC, Tili E. MiR-663, a MicroRNA Linked with Inflammation and Cancer That Is under the Influence of Resveratrol. Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5:medicines5030074. [PMID: 29987196 PMCID: PMC6163211 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, RSV) is a non-flavonoid dietary polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties that is primarily found in red berries. While RSV displays many beneficial effects in vitro, its actual effects in vivo or in animal models remain passionately debated. Recent publications suggest that RSV pleiotropic effects could arise from its capability to regulate the expression and activity of microRNAs, short regulators themselves capable of regulating up to several hundreds of target genes. In particular, RSV increases microRNA miR-663 expression in different human cell lines, suggesting that at least some of its multiple beneficial properties are through the modulation of expression of this microRNA. Indeed, the expression of microRNA miR-663 is reduced in certain cancers where miR-663 is considered to act as a tumor suppressor gene, as well as in other pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders. Target of miR-663 include genes involved in tumor initiation and/or progression as well as genes involved in pathologies associated with chronic inflammation. Here, we review the direct and indirect effects of RSV on the expression of miR-663 and its target transcripts, with emphasise on TGFβ1, and their expected health benefits, and argue that elucidating the molecular effects of different classes of natural compounds on the expression of microRNAs should help to identify new therapeutic targets and design new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Michaille
- BioPerox-IL, UB-INSERM IFR #100, Faculté Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Victoria Piurowski
- Department of Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athes, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Brooke Rigot
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Hesham Kelani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Emily C Fortman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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20
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Tili E, Mezache L, Michaille JJ, Amann V, Williams J, Vandiver P, Quinonez M, Fadda P, Mikhail A, Nuovo G. microRNA 155 up regulation in the CNS is strongly correlated to Down's syndrome dementia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:103-109. [PMID: 29661714 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the molecular correlates of Down's dementia. qRTPCR for chromosome 21 microRNAs was correlated with in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry for microRNA targets, mRNAs located on chromosome 21, and neurofibrillary tangles in human and the Ts65 dn mouse Down's model. qRTPCR for the microRNAs on the triplicated chromosome showed miR-155 dominance in brain tissues (14.3 fold increase, human and 24.2 fold increase, mouse model) that co-expressed with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. miR-155 was not elevated in Alzheimer's disease or neonates with Downs' syndrome. Chromosome 21 genes APP/BA-42, DYRK1a and BACH1 were not correlated to pathologic changes in Down's dementia. Validated CNS targets of miR-155 that were present in controls and Alzheimer's disease but lacking in Down's dementia brains included BACH1, CoREST1, bcl6, BIM, bcl10, cyclin D, and SAPK4. It is concluded that Down's dementia strongly correlated with overexpression of chromosome 21 microRNA 155 with concomitant reduction of multiple CNS-functional targets. This study highlights the need for anatomic pathologists to determine the specific and diverse pathways cells may take to form neurofibrillary tangles in the different dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Louisa Mezache
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; BioPerox-IL, UB-INSERM IFR #100, Universite de Bourgogne-Franche Comte, Faculte Gabriel, 6 Bd, Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Fadda
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Gerard Nuovo
- GNOME Diagnostics, Powell, OH 43065, USA; OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The critical tumor suppressor gene TP53 is either lost or mutated in more than half of human cancers. As an important transcriptional regulator, p53 modulates the expression of many microRNAs. While wild-type p53 uses microRNAs to suppress cancer development, microRNAs that are activated by gain-of-function mutant p53 confer oncogenic properties. On the other hand, the expression of p53 is tightly controlled by a fine-tune machinery including microRNAs. MicroRNAs can target the TP53 gene directly or other factors in the p53 network so that expression and function of either the wild-type or the mutant forms of p53 is downregulated. Therefore, depending on the wild-type or mutant p53 context, microRNAs contribute substantially to suppress or exacerbate tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Luo
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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22
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Awad H, Ramadan ME, El Sayed HF, Tolpin DA, Tili E, Collard CD. Spinal cord injury after thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Can J Anaesth 2017; 64:1218-1235. [PMID: 29019146 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-017-0974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (TEVAR) has become a mainstay of therapy for aneurysms and other disorders of the thoracic aorta. The purpose of this narrative review article is to summarize the current literature on the risk factors for and pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) following TEVAR, and to discuss various intraoperative monitoring and treatment strategies. SOURCE The articles considered in this review were identified through PubMed using the following search terms: thoracic aortic aneurysm, TEVAR, paralysis+TEVAR, risk factors+TEVAR, spinal cord ischemia+TEVAR, neuromonitoring+thoracic aortic aneurysm, spinal drain, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, treatment of spinal cord ischemia. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Spinal cord injury continues to be a challenging complication after TEVAR. Its incidence after TEVAR is not significantly reduced when compared with open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Nevertheless, compared with open procedures, delayed paralysis/paresis is the predominant presentation of SCI after TEVAR. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and not fully understood, though the evolving concept of the importance of the spinal cord's collateral blood supply network and its imbalance after TEVAR is emerging as a leading factor in the development of SCI. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage, optimal blood pressure management, and newer surgical techniques are important components of the most up-to-date strategies for spinal cord protection. CONCLUSION Further experimental and clinical research is needed to aid in the discovery of novel neuroprotective strategies for the protection and treatment of SCI following TEVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Doan Hall 534, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Mohamed Ehab Ramadan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Doan Hall 534, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hosam F El Sayed
- Division of Vascular Diseases & Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Tolpin
- Division of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, The Texas Heart Institute, Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Doan Hall 534, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Charles D Collard
- Division of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, The Texas Heart Institute, Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Awad H, Ramadan ME, Tili E, Hackett K, Bourekas EC. Fluoroscopic-Guided Lumbar Spinal Drain Insertion for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:1219-1222. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Liñán-Rico A, Ochoa-Cortes F, Zuleta-Alarcon A, Alhaj M, Tili E, Enneking J, Harzman A, Grants I, Bergese S, Christofi FL. UTP - Gated Signaling Pathways of 5-HT Release from BON Cells as a Model of Human Enterochromaffin Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:429. [PMID: 28751862 PMCID: PMC5508028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterochromaffin cells (EC) synthesize and release 5-HT and ATP to trigger or modulate gut neural reflexes and transmit information about visceral/pain sensation. Alterations in 5-HT signaling mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD or IBS, but the pharmacologic or molecular mechanisms modulating Ca2+-dependent 5-HT release are not understood. Previous studies indicated that purinergic signaling via ATP and ADP is an important mechanism in modulation of 5-HT release. However, EC cells also respond to UTP and UDP suggesting uridine triphosphate receptor and signaling pathways are involved as well. We tested the hypothesis that UTP is a regulator of 5-HT release in human EC cells. Methods: UTP signaling mechanisms were studied in BON cells, a human EC model, using Fluo-4/Ca2+imaging, patch-clamp, pharmacological analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blots and qPCR. 5-HT release was monitored in BON or EC isolated from human gut surgical specimens (hEC). Results: UTP, UTPγS, UDP or ATP induced Ca2+oscillations in BON. UTP evoked a biphasic concentration-dependent Ca2+response. Cells responded in the order of UTP, ATP > UTPγS > UDP >> MRS2768, BzATP, α,β-MeATP > MRS2365, MRS2690, and NF546. Different proportions of cells activated by UTP and ATP also responded to UTPγS (P2Y4, 50% cells), UDP (P2Y6, 30%), UTPγS and UDP (14%) or MRS2768 (<3%). UTP Ca2+responses were blocked with inhibitors of PLC, IP3R, SERCA Ca2+pump, La3+sensitive Ca2+channels or chelation of intracellular free Ca2+ by BAPTA/AM. Inhibitors of L-type, TRPC, ryanodine-Ca2+pools, PI3-Kinase, PKC or SRC-Kinase had no effect. UTP stimulated voltage-sensitive Ca2+currents (ICa), Vm-depolarization and inhibited IK (not IA) currents. An IKv7.2/7.3 K+ channel blocker XE-991 mimicked UTP-induced Vm-depolarization and blocked UTP-responses. XE-991 blocked IK and UTP caused further reduction. La3+ or PLC inhibitors blocked UTP depolarization; PKC inhibitors, thapsigargin or zero Ca2+buffer did not. UTP stimulated 5-HT release in hEC expressing TPH1, 5-HT, P2Y4/P2Y6R. Zero-Ca2+buffer augmented Ca2+responses and 5-HT release. Conclusion: UTP activates a predominant P2Y4R pathway to trigger Ca2+oscillations via internal Ca2+mobilization through a PLC/IP3/IP3R/SERCA Ca2+signaling pathway to stimulate 5-HT release; Ca2+influx is inhibitory. UTP-induced Vm-depolarization depends on PLC signaling and an unidentified K channel (which appears independent of Ca2+oscillations or Ica/VOCC). UTP-gated signaling pathways triggered by activation of P2Y4R stimulate 5-HT release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromeda Liñán-Rico
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Alix Zuleta-Alarcon
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Mazin Alhaj
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
- Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Josh Enneking
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Alan Harzman
- Department of Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Iveta Grants
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Sergio Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Fievos L. Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
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25
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Sun HL, Cui R, Zhou J, Teng KY, Hsiao YH, Nakanishi K, Fassan M, Luo Z, Shi G, Tili E, Kutay H, Lovat F, Vicentini C, Huang HL, Wang SW, Kim T, Zanesi N, Jeon YJ, Lee TJ, Guh JH, Hung MC, Ghoshal K, Teng CM, Peng Y, Croce CM. ERK Activation Globally Downregulates miRNAs through Phosphorylating Exportin-5. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:723-736. [PMID: 27846390 PMCID: PMC5127275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are mostly downregulated in cancer. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon and the precise consequence in tumorigenesis remain obscure. Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. In liver cancer, the ERK-mediated XPO5 suppression reduces miR-122, increases microtubule dynamics, and results in tumor development and drug resistance. Analysis of clinical specimens further showed that XPO5 phosphorylation is associated with poor prognosis for liver cancer patients. Our study reveals a function of ERK in miRNA biogenesis and suggests that modulation of miRNA export has potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - JianKang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Kun-Yu Teng
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yung-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kotaro Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; ARC-NET Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Zhenghua Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Guqin Shi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huban Kutay
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francesca Lovat
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Han-Li Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Zanesi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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26
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Morroni G, Brenciani A, Vincenzi C, Barocci S, Tili E, Manso E, Mingoia M, Menzo S, Varaldo PE, Giovanetti E. A clone of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bearing the G2576T mutation is endemic in an Italian hospital. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:203-6. [PMID: 27546457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Vincenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Torrette Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Barocci
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Principe di Piemonte, Senigallia, Italy
| | - E Tili
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Carlo Urbani, Jesi, Italy
| | - E Manso
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Torrette Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Mingoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Menzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - P E Varaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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27
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Cui R, Kim T, Fassan M, Meng W, Sun HL, Jeon YJ, Vicentini C, Tili E, Peng Y, Scarpa A, Liang G, Zhang YK, Chakravarti A, Croce CM. MicroRNA-224 is implicated in lung cancer pathogenesis through targeting caspase-3 and caspase-7. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21802-15. [PMID: 26307684 PMCID: PMC4673127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that miR-224 was significantly up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, in particular in resected NSCLC metastasis. We further demonstrated that miR-224 functions as an oncogene in NSCLC by directly targeting TNFAIP1 and SMAD4. However, the biological functions of miR-224 in NSCLC are controversial and underlying mechanisms of miR-224 in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer remain to be further explored. Here we report that caspase3 (CASP3) and caspase7 (CASP7) are previously unidentified targets of miR-224 in NSCLC, and that miR-224 promotes lung cancer cells proliferation and migration in part by directly targeting CASP7 and down-regulating its expression. In addition, miR-224 attenuated TNF-α induced apoptosis by direct targeting of CASP3 resulting in reduction of cleaved PARP1 expression in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-224 negatively correlates with the expression of CASP7 and CASP3 in tissue samples from patients with lung cancer. Finally, we found that activated NF-κB signaling is involved in the regulation of miR-224 expression in lung cancer. Our study provides new insight in understanding of oncogenic role of miR-224 in the lung cancer pathogenesis and suggests that NF-κB/miR-224/CASP3, 7 pathway could be a putative therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lung Cancer Research Center, The Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET) Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yong Peng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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28
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Richmond TK, Tili E, Brown M, Chiabai M, Palmieri D, Cui R, Sheetz T, Croce CM. Abstract LB-289: Interaction between miR-155 and Quaking in the innate immune response and leukemia. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-lb-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale: miR-155 is a pro-inflammatory microRNA upregulated in human and mouse macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is required to mount an effective immune response. High levels of miR-155 are observed in different solid tumors as well as leukemias, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Quaking (QKI) is a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a conserved RNA-binding protein. In silico analyses predict that the QKI transcript is a target of miR-155, and we hypothesized that miR-155 might carry out its pro-inflammatory and oncogenic signals at least in part by targeting QKI. Methods: Mouse RAW-264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS or mock PBS three times over a period of 6 days. qRT-PCR was used to monitor the expression of QKI, miR-155 and Tnf (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and Quaking protein (Qki) expression was analyzed by Western blot. Expression of miR-155 and QKI in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and CLL cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR; QKI expression was also determined by Western blot. Cell lines were transfected with miR-155 or miR-control, or 155-I, and Western blot analysis of QKI was performed after 48 hours. To study the in vivo effects of the cooperation between miR-155 and QKI, we analyzed Qki expression in splenic B cells from wild type C57B1/6 mice, miR-155−/- mice, and Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice (which develop aggressive CLL), with and without LPS challenge. Finally, expression of Qki was determined in samples from patients with B-cell CLL. Results: After 8 hours of LPS challenge there was a 2-fold decrease in QKI expression, while miR-155 and Tnf both increased approximately 10-fold (p<0.05). QKI returned to pre-treatment levels at 2 days, while miR-155remained high for 3 days. LPS re-stimulation at 3 days (mimicking chronic inflammation) reduced QKI expression 2.3-fold (p<0.05) over a 48 hour period in parallel with a renewed up-regulation of miR-155, and Western blotting confirmed the above observed changes for Qki. CLL-derived cell lines showed significantly higher expression of miR-155, and lower expression of QKI, compared with Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (p<0.05). Transfection of miR-155 led to decreased Qki expression in Burkitt's lymphoma lines, while 155-I transfection of MEC2 CLL cells caused Qki upregulation at 48 hours. Splenic B cells from leukemic Eμ-miR-155 mice had decreased Qki levels compared with C57B1/6 mice and miR-155−/−mice, and LPS challenge of cultured B cells resulted in a pronounced downregulation of Qki expression only in B cells coming from Eμ-miR-155 mice. Finally, reduced expression of Qki was observed in B cells coming from patients with CLL compared with healthy patients. Conclusions: The inverse relationship between miR-155 and Qki is specific, and may represent a regulatory mechanism for the immune response mounted by macrophages and B cells. This relationship also sheds light on the pro-inflammatory and oncogenic properties of miR-155 in leukemia.
Citation Format: Timothy K. Richmond, Esmerina Tili, Melissa Brown, Marcela Chiabai, Dario Palmieri, Ri Cui, Tyler Sheetz, Carlo M. Croce. Interaction between miR-155 and Quaking in the innate immune response and leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-289
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ri Cui
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Burocchi A, Pittoni P, Tili E, Rigoni A, Costinean S, Croce CM, Colombo MP. Regulated Expression of miR-155 is Required for iNKT Cell Development. Front Immunol 2015; 6:140. [PMID: 25870598 PMCID: PMC4378312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are CD1d-restricted, lipid antigen-reactive T lymphocytes with immunoregulatory functions. iNKT cell development in the thymus proceeds through subsequent stages, defined by the expression of CD44 and NK1.1, and is dictated by a unique gene expression program, including microRNAs. Here, we investigated whether miR-155, a microRNA involved in differentiation of most hematopoietic cells, played any role in iNKT cell development. To this end, we assessed the expression of miR-155 along iNKT cell maturation in the thymus, and studied the effects of miR-155 on iNKT cell development using Lck-miR-155 transgenic mice, which over express miR-155 in T cell lineage under the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) promoter. We show that miR-155 is expressed by newly selected immature wild-type iNKT cells and turned off along iNKT cells differentiation. In transgenic mice, miR-155 over-expression resulted in a substantial block of iNKT cell maturation at Stage 2, in the thymus toward an overall reduction of peripheral iNKT cells, unlike mainstream T cells. Furthermore, the effects of miR-155 over-expression on iNKT cell differentiation were cell autonomous. Finally, we identified Ets1 and ITK transcripts as relevant targets of miR-155 in iNKT cell differentiation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that a tight control of miR-155 expression is required for the development of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Burocchi
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori" , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Pittoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori" , Milan , Italy
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Alice Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori" , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefan Costinean
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Carlo Maria Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori" , Milan , Italy
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Kim T, Jeon YJ, Cui R, Lee JH, Peng Y, Kim SH, Tili E, Alder H, Croce CM. Role of MYC-regulated long noncoding RNAs in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:dju505. [PMID: 25663692 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in several cancers, but the roles of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) are less well understood. The transcription factor MYC is known to regulate lncRNAs and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. METHODS CRC cells and tissues were profiled to identify lncRNAs differentially expressed in CRC, from which we further selected MYC-regulated lncRNAs. We used luciferase promoter assay, ChIP, RNA pull-down assay, deletion mapping assay, LC-MS/MS and RNA immunoprecipitation to determine the mechanisms of MYC regulation of lncRNAs. Moreover, soft agar assay and in vivo xenograft experiments (four athymic nude mice per group) provided evidence of MYC-regulated lncRNAs in cancer cell transformation and tumorigenesis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We identified lncRNAs differentially expressed in CRC (P < .05, greater than two-fold) and verified four lncRNAs upregulated and two downregulated in CRC cells and tissues. We further identified MYC-regulated lncRNAs, named MYCLos. The MYC-regulated MYCLos may function in cell proliferation and cell cycle by regulating MYC target genes such as CDKN1A (p21) and CDKN2B (p15), suggesting new regulatory mechanisms of MYC-repressed target genes through lncRNAs. RNA binding proteins including HuR and hnRNPK are involved in the function of MYCLos by interacting with MYCLo-1 and MYCLo-2, respectively. Knockdown experiments also showed that MYCLo-2, differentially expressed not only in CRC but also in prostate cancer, has a role in cancer transformation and tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel regulatory mechanisms in MYC function through lncRNAs and new potential lncRNA targets of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Hansjuerg Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK)
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (TK); Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics (TK, YJJ, RC, ET, HA, CMC), Department of Neurological Surgery (SHK), and Department of Anesthesiology (ET), Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, OH; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JHL); State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YP); School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Republic of Korea (SHK).
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Richmond TK, Tili E, Chiabai M, Palmieri D, Brown M, Croce C. Functional Interaction of Mir-155, a Pro-Inflammatory microRNA, and Quaking in the Innate Immune Response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
| | | | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
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Kaminski J, Lançon A, Aires V, Limagne E, Tili E, Michaille JJ, Latruffe N. Resveratrol initiates differentiation of mouse skeletal muscle-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lançon A, Kaminski J, Tili E, Michaille JJ, Latruffe N. Control of MicroRNA expression as a new way for resveratrol to deliver its beneficial effects. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:8783-8789. [PMID: 22571175 DOI: 10.1021/jf301479v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grapes produce large amounts of polyphenols. Many of them accumulate in the skin, pulp, and seeds and are consequently found in wine. The health benefits of a moderate consumption of wine have been attributed at least in part to grape's polyphenols. Among them, resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin that stimulates plant cell defenses against infections and also plays protective roles in humans, where it delays cardiovascular alterations and exerts anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite numerous studies, the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action are only partially understood. Given its pleiotropic effects, it was previously suggested that resveratrol protective properties may arise from its modulation of the expression of microRNAs. Therefore, this review will focus on the effects of resveratrol on microRNA populations in humans and human cell lines, especially emphasizing the microRNAs that have been implicated in resveratrol effects on inflammation, cancer, metabolism, and muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Lançon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Metabolism and Nutrition, INSERM U-866, University of Burgundy , 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Liu Z, Fenech C, Cadiou H, Grall S, Tili E, Laugerette F, Wiencis A, Grosmaitre X, Montmayeur JP. Identification of new binding partners of the chemosensory signaling protein Gγ13 expressed in taste and olfactory sensory cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:26. [PMID: 22737109 PMCID: PMC3380295 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tastant detection in the oral cavity involves selective receptors localized at the apical extremity of a subset of specialized taste bud cells called taste receptor cells (TRCs). The identification of the genes coding for the taste receptors involved in this process have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying detection. However, how these receptors signal in TRCs, and whether the components of the signaling cascades interact with each other or are organized in complexes is mostly unexplored. Here we report on the identification of three new binding partners for the mouse G protein gamma 13 subunit (Gγ13), a component of the bitter taste receptors signaling cascade. For two of these Gγ13 associated proteins, namely GOPC and MPDZ, we describe the expression in taste bud cells for the first time. Furthermore, we demonstrate by means of a yeast two-hybrid interaction assay that the C terminal PDZ binding motif of Gγ13 interacts with selected PDZ domains in these proteins. In the case of the PDZ domain-containing protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), a major component of the tight junction defining the boundary between the apical and baso-lateral region of TRCs, we identified the first PDZ domain as the site of strong interaction with Gγ13. This association was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293 cells. In addition, we present immunohistological data supporting partial co-localization of GOPC, MPDZ, or ZO-1, and Gγ13 in taste buds cells. Finally, we extend this observation to olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), another type of chemosensory cells known to express both ZO-1 and Gγ13. Taken together our results implicate these new interaction partners in the sub-cellular distribution of Gγ13 in olfactory and gustatory primary sensory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- Chemosensory Perception, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS, UMR-1324 INRA Dijon, France
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Tili E, Michaille JJ. Resveratrol, MicroRNAs, Inflammation, and Cancer. J Nucleic Acids 2011; 2011:102431. [PMID: 21845215 PMCID: PMC3154569 DOI: 10.4061/2011/102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of many target genes posttranscriptionally and are thus implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. The expression of miR-155 or miR-21 is upregulated during the course of the inflammatory response, but these microRNAs are also considered oncogenes due to their upregulation of expression in several types of tumors. Furthermore, it is now well established that inflammation is associated with the induction or the aggravation of nearly 25% of cancers. Therefore, the above microRNAs are thought to link inflammation and cancer. Recently, resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene), a natural polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, currently at the stage of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention, has been shown to induce the expression of miR-663, a tumor-suppressor and anti-inflammatory microRNA, while downregulating miR-155 and miR-21. In this paper we will discuss how the use of resveratrol in therapeutics may benefit from the preanalyses on the status of expression of miR-155 or miR-21 as well as of TGFβ1. In addition, we will discuss how resveratrol activity might possibly be enhanced by simultaneously manipulating the levels of its key target microRNAs, such as miR-663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Liu CG, Alder H, Taccioli C, Volinia S, Calin GA, Croce CM. GAM/ZFp/ZNF512B is central to a gene sensor circuitry involving cell-cycle regulators, TGF{beta} effectors, Drosha and microRNAs with opposite oncogenic potentials. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:7673-88. [PMID: 20639536 PMCID: PMC2995059 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs targeting multiple effectors of cell homeostasis and development, whose malfunctions are associated with major pathologies such as cancer. Herein we show that GAM/ZFp/ZNF512B works within an intricate gene regulatory network involving cell-cycle regulators, TGFβ effectors and oncogenic miRNAs of the miR-17-92 cluster. Thus, GAM impairs the transcriptional activation of the miR-17-92 promoter by c-Myc, downregulates miR-17-92 miRNAs differentially, and limits the activation of genes responsive to TGFβ canonical pathway. In contrast, TGFβ decreases GAM transcripts levels while differentially upregulating miR-17-92 miRNAs. In turn, miR-17, miR-20a and miR-92a-1 target GAM transcripts, thus establishing a feedback autoregulatory loop. GAM transcripts are also targeted by miRNAs of the let-7 family. GAM downregulates Drosha, the main effector of miRNA maturation in the nucleus, and interacts with it in a RNA-dependent manner. Finally, GAM modulates the levels of E2F1 and Ras, and increases apoptosis while reducing cell proliferation. We propose that GAM represents a new kind of vertebrate regulator aimed at balancing the opposite effects of regulators of cell homeostasis by increasing the robustness of gene circuitries controlling cell proliferation, differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Michaille
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 380 39 62 11; Fax: +33 380 39 62 50;
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Hansjuerg Alder
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Biological Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, LBMN-INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté Gabriel, 6 Bd. Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Carlo M. Croce. Tel: +614 292 4930; Fax: +614 292 3063;
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Adair B, Alder H, Limagne E, Taccioli C, Ferracin M, Delmas D, Latruffe N, Croce CM. Resveratrol decreases the levels of miR-155 by upregulating miR-663, a microRNA targeting JunB and JunD. Carcinogenesis 2010; 80:2057-65. [PMID: 20622002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory component is present in the microenvironment of most neoplastic tissues, including those not causally related to an obvious inflammatory process. Several microRNAs, and especially miR-155, play an essential role in both the innate and adaptative immune response. Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties that is currently at the stage of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Here, we establish that, in human THP-1 monocytic cells as well as in human blood monocytes, resveratrol upregulates miR-663, a microRNA potentially targeting multiple genes implicated in the immune response. In THP-1 cells, miR-663 decreases endogenous activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity and impairs its upregulation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), at least in part by directly targeting JunB and JunD transcripts. We further establish that the downregulation of AP-1 activity by resveratrol is miR-663 dependent and that the effects of resveratrol on both AP-1 activity and JunB levels are dose dependent. Finally, we show that resveratrol impairs the upregulation of miR-155 by LPS in a miR-663-dependent manner. Given the role of miR-155 in the innate immune response and the fact that it is upregulated in many cancers, our results suggest that manipulating miR-663 levels may help to optimize the use of resveratrol as both an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent against malignancies associated with high levels of miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Adair B, Alder H, Limagne E, Taccioli C, Ferracin M, Delmas D, Latruffe N, Croce CM. Resveratrol decreases the levels of miR-155 by upregulating miR-663, a microRNA targeting JunB and JunD. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1561-6. [PMID: 20622002 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory component is present in the microenvironment of most neoplastic tissues, including those not causally related to an obvious inflammatory process. Several microRNAs, and especially miR-155, play an essential role in both the innate and adaptative immune response. Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties that is currently at the stage of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Here, we establish that, in human THP-1 monocytic cells as well as in human blood monocytes, resveratrol upregulates miR-663, a microRNA potentially targeting multiple genes implicated in the immune response. In THP-1 cells, miR-663 decreases endogenous activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity and impairs its upregulation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), at least in part by directly targeting JunB and JunD transcripts. We further establish that the downregulation of AP-1 activity by resveratrol is miR-663 dependent and that the effects of resveratrol on both AP-1 activity and JunB levels are dose dependent. Finally, we show that resveratrol impairs the upregulation of miR-155 by LPS in a miR-663-dependent manner. Given the role of miR-155 in the innate immune response and the fact that it is upregulated in many cancers, our results suggest that manipulating miR-663 levels may help to optimize the use of resveratrol as both an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent against malignancies associated with high levels of miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate the expression of multiple target genes and are thus implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. miR-155 is processed from BIC, a non-coding transcript highly expressed in both activated B and T cells and in monocytes/macrophages. miR-155 levels change dynamically during both hematopoietic lineage differentiation and the course of the immune response. Different mouse models developed recently indicate that miR-155 plays a critical role during hematopoiesis and regulates lymphocyte homeostasis and tolerance. A moderate increase of miR-155 levels is observed in many types of malignancies of B cell or myeloid origin, and transgenic over-expression of miR-155 in mice results in cancer. While the high levels of miR-155 reached transiently during the course of the immune response remain unharmful for the organism, the reason why a moderate up-regulation of miR-155 can lead to cancer remains obscure. As prolonged exposure to inflammation can lead to cancer, the permanent up-regulation of miR-155 might be a link between the two. Therefore, designing miR-155 based therapies will require a better understanding of the molecular basis of its action as well as of how miR-155 levels are regulated in a cell-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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41
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Costinean S, Croce CM. MicroRNAs, the immune system and rheumatic disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:534-41. [PMID: 18728632 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that modulate the expression of multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. In hematopoietic cells, miRNA levels are dynamically regulated during lineage differentiation and also during the course of the immune response. Mouse models have provided good evidence for miRNAs being key players in the establishment of hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, miRNA-dependent alterations in gene expression in hematopoietic cells are critical for mounting an appropriate immune response to a wide range of pathogens, spontaneously emerging tumors, and autoimmune cells. Deregulation of hematopoietic-specific miRNA expression results in defects in both central and peripheral tolerance, hematopoietic malignancies, and sometimes both. Abnormal expression of miRNAs-which is implicated in inflammation-has also been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These findings identify miRNAs as critical targets for immunomodulatory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Minardi D, Montanari MP, Tili E, Cochetti I, Mingoia M, Varaldo PE, Muzzonigro G. Effects of fluoroquinolones on bacterial adhesion and on preformed biofilm of strains isolated from urinary double J stents. J Chemother 2008; 20:195-201. [PMID: 18467245 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The activity of levofloxacin and ulifloxacin on biofilm formation and persistence was evaluated on microorganisms isolated from urinary double-J-stents. We analyzed 51 bacterial strains and their susceptibility to different antimicrobial classes was determined. We evaluated the bacterial ability to form biofilm and the effects of different concentrations of levofloxacin and ulifloxacin on bacterial adhesion and biofilm persistence. Most of the strains were biofilm producers with no relevant difference in biofilm production at 24 or 48 hours. The fluoroquinolones were able to prevent biofilm formation, but not to eradicate the preformed biofilm. On the basis of our data we advise that antibiotic prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones may be most helpful if given at the time of stent insertion and at high dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Minardi
- Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, A.O. Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are found in almost all species: viruses, plants, nematodes, fly, fish, mouse, human, and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. Microarray-based miRNA profiling brought to the discovery of miRNAs specific to different hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, the functional assays performed in tissue cultures to discover miRNAs involved in immune responses in combination with the reports of miRNA-transgenic or miRNA -knockout mouse models has helped elucidating the miRNA roles in the development and function of immune system. Abnormal patterns of hematopoietic-specific miRNAs have been found in different types of cancer and miRNA based gene therapy is being considered as a potential technology of choice in immunological disorders and cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings related with the expression and function of miRNAs in hematopoietic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 385L Wiseman Hall, 400 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Gandhi V, Plunkett W, Sampath D, Calin GA. miRNAs and their potential for use against cancer and other diseases. Future Oncol 2008; 3:521-37. [PMID: 17927518 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.3.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are 19-24 nucleotide long noncoding RNAs found in almost all genetically dissected species, including viruses, plants, nematodes, flies, fish, mice and humans. Rapid advances have been made in understanding their physiological functions, while abnormal patterns of miRNA expression have been found in many disease states, most notably human cancer. It is now clear that miRNAs represent a class of genes with a great potential for use in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this review we will focus on the discoveries that elucidate their crucial role in mammalian diseases, particularly in cancer, and propose that miRNA-based gene therapy might become the potential technology of choice in a wide range of human diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Cimino A, Costinean S, Dumitru CD, Adair B, Fabbri M, Alder H, Liu CG, Calin GA, Croce CM. Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide/TNF-alpha stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock. J Immunol 2007; 179:5082-9. [PMID: 17911593 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1012] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report here that miR-155 and miR-125b play a role in innate immune response. LPS stimulation of mouse Raw 264.7 macrophages resulted in the up-regulation of miR-155 and down-regulation of miR-125b levels. The same changes also occurred when C57BL/6 mice were i.p. injected with LPS. Furthermore, the levels of miR-155 and miR-125b in Raw 264.7 cells displayed oscillatory changes in response to TNF-alpha. These changes were impaired by pretreating the cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, suggesting that these two microRNAs (miRNAs) may be at least transiently under the direct control of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. We show that miR-155 most probably directly targets transcript coding for several proteins involved in LPS signaling such as the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon), and the receptor (TNFR superfamily)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (Ripk1) while enhancing TNF-alpha translation. In contrast, miR-125b targets the 3'-untranslated region of TNF-alpha transcripts; therefore, its down-regulation in response to LPS may be required for proper TNF-alpha production. Finally, Emu-miR-155 transgenic mice produced higher levels of TNF-alpha when exposed to LPS and were hypersensitive to LPS/d-galactosamine-induced septic shock. Altogether, our data suggest that the LPS/TNF-alpha-dependent regulation of miR-155 and miR-125b may be implicated in the response to endotoxin shock, thus offering new targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Calin GA, Liu CG, Ferracin M, Hyslop T, Spizzo R, Sevignani C, Fabbri M, Cimmino A, Lee EJ, Wojcik SE, Shimizu M, Tili E, Rossi S, Taccioli C, Pichiorri F, Liu X, Zupo S, Herlea V, Gramantieri L, Lanza G, Alder H, Rassenti L, Volinia S, Schmittgen TD, Kipps TJ, Negrini M, Croce CM. Ultraconserved regions encoding ncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas. Cancer Cell 2007; 12:215-29. [PMID: 17785203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts are thought to be involved in human tumorigenesis. We report that a large fraction of genomic ultraconserved regions (UCRs) encode a particular set of ncRNAs whose expression is altered in human cancers. Genome-wide profiling revealed that UCRs have distinct signatures in human leukemias and carcinomas. UCRs are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. We identified certain UCRs whose expression may be regulated by microRNAs abnormally expressed in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and we proved that the inhibition of an overexpressed UCR induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Our findings argue that ncRNAs and interaction between noncoding genes are involved in tumorigenesis to a greater extent than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Calin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Costinean S, Zanesi N, Pekarsky Y, Tili E, Volinia S, Heerema N, Croce CM. Pre-B cell proliferation and lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma in E(mu)-miR155 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7024-9. [PMID: 16641092 PMCID: PMC1459012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602266103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a newly discovered class of posttranscriptional regulatory noncoding small RNAs that bind to targeted mRNAs and either block their translation or initiate their degradation. miRNA profiling of hematopoietic lineages in humans and mice showed that some miRNAs are differentially expressed during hematopoietic development, suggesting a role in hematopoietic cell differentiation. In addition, recent studies suggest the involvement of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer. miR155 and BIC, its host gene, have been reported to accumulate in human B cell lymphomas, especially in diffuse large B cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and certain types of Burkitt lymphomas. Here, we show that E(mu)-mmu-miR155 transgenic mice exhibit initially a preleukemic pre-B cell proliferation evident in spleen and bone marrow, followed by frank B cell malignancy. These findings indicate that the role of miR155 is to induce polyclonal expansion, favoring the capture of secondary genetic changes for full transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Costinean
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Nicola Zanesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yuri Pekarsky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Nyla Heerema
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Michaille JJ, Tili E, Calin GA, Garin J, Louwagie M, Croce CM. Cloning and characterization of cDNAs expressed during chick development and encoding different isoforms of a putative zinc finger transcriptional regulator. Biochimie 2006; 87:939-49. [PMID: 16023281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development proceeds through successive activation of different sets of genes by specific transcription factors as a consequence of cell interactions and signaling. It is thus of primary interest to identify new putative transcriptional regulators. We report here the isolation of chicken clones bearing sequences coding for a chicken zinc finger protein (chZFp) which contains four pairs of zinc fingers of mixed type C2-H-C/C2-H2. At least five chZFp isoforms are produced through differential splicing of four small exons. The amino acid domains encoded by these four exons are highly conserved across species. Northern blot analysis and RNase-protection assays showed that chZFp transcripts are present in brain, heart, skin and liver during chick development. Reverse transcription mediated polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments suggested that the relative amount of some chZFp isoforms increases at critical stages of development and skin morphogenesis. Finally, the main chZFp isoforms are able to directly interact in vitro with the scaffold attachment factor-A (SAF-A, also known as heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U) through both their aminoterminal and carboxyterminal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Michaille
- Développement, communication chimique, CNRS-UMR 5548, faculté Gabriel, 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Montanari MP, Ferrante L, Tili E, Cochetti I, Rossi V, Varaldo PE. Interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of ulifloxacin, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin. J Chemother 2005; 17:138-42. [PMID: 15920898 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2005.17.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Prulifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, is a prodrug whose active compound, ulifloxacin, is derived from its transformation after oral administration and intestinal absorption. Based on early pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, the following MIC breakpoints have tentatively been proposed: < or = 1 microg/ml, susceptible; 2 microg/ml, intermediate; and > or = 4 microg/ml, resistant. In this report, ulifloxacin MIC vs. zone diameter scattergrams and discrepancy rates were analyzed in 461 freshly isolated clinical strains (237 Enterobacteriaceae, 101 nonfermenters, and 123 Gram-positive bacteria). In agreement with the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, a modification of the error rate-bounded method was used to select disk diffusion test breakpoints. The following zone diameter breakpoints were chosen and are proposed herein for the interpretation of ulifloxacin disk (5 microg) test results: < or = 15 and > or = 19 mm for Enterobacteriaceae, < or = 16 and > or = 20 mm for nonfermenters, and < or = 14 and > or = 18 mm for Gram-positive bacteria. By applying these breakpoint values, no very major errors were detected, while major and minor errors were largely below the accepted discrepancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Montanari
- Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School, Ancona, Italy
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50
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Dimitrova I, Toby GG, Tili E, Strich R, Kampranis SC, Makris AM. Expression of Bax in yeast affects not only the mitochondria but also vacuolar integrity and intracellular protein traffic. FEBS Lett 2004; 566:100-4. [PMID: 15147876 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bax-induced lethality in yeast is accompanied by morphological changes in mitochondria, giving rise to a reduced number of swollen tubules. Although these changes are completely abolished upon coexpression of the Bax inhibitor, Bcl-2, coexpression of Bax with Bax inhibiting-glutathione S-transferase (BI-GST) leads to aggregation, but not fusion of the mitochondria. In addition, Bax affects the integrity of yeast vacuoles, resulting in the disintegration and eventual loss of the organelles, and the disruption of intracellular protein traffic. While Bcl-2 coexpression only partially corrects this phenotype, coexpression of BI-GST fully restores the organelles, indicating a different mode of protection exerted by Bcl-2 and BI-GST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Dimitrova
- Department of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, P.O. Box 85, Chania 73100, Greece
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