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Pereira GDN, Seribelli AA, Campioni F, Gomes CN, Tiba-Casas MR, Medeiros MIC, Rodrigues DDP, Falcão JP. High levels of multidrug-resistant isolates of genetically similar Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:I:- from Brazil between 1983 and 2020. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38375878 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains with different antimicrobial resistance profiles have been associated with foodborne disease outbreaks in several countries. In Brazil, S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- was identified as one of the most prevalent serovars in São Paulo State during 2004-2020.Gap Statement. However, few studies have characterized this serovar in Brazil.Aim. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains isolated from different sources in Southeast Brazil and compare their genetic diversity.Methodology. We analysed 113 S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains isolated from humans (n=99), animals (n=7), food (n=5) and the environment (n=2) between 1983 and 2020. Susceptibility testing against 13 antimicrobials was performed using the disc diffusion method for all the strains. Plasmid resistance genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions were identified in phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) for all strains and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for 40 selected strains.Results. Of the 113 strains, 54.87 % were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The highest resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (51.33 %), nalidixic acid (39.82 %) and tetracycline (38.05 %). Additionally, 39 (34.51 %) strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Nine fluoroquinolone-resistant strains exhibited the gyrA mutation (Ser96→Tyr96) and contained the qnrB gene. The 113 strains were grouped into two clusters using ERIC-PCR, and most of strains were present in one cluster, with a genetic similarity of ≥80 %. Finally, 40 strains were typed as ST19 using MLST.Conclusion. The prevalence of MDR strains is alarming because antimicrobial treatment against these strains may lead to therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the ERIC-PCR and MLST results suggested that most strains belonged to one main cluster. Thus, a prevalent subtype of Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains has probably been circulating among different sources in São Paulo, Brazil, over decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana do Nascimento Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Seribelli
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Física e Ciência Interdisciplinar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Gomes CN, Campioni F, Barker DOR, Che EV, Duque SDS, Taboada EN, Falcão JP. Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes and Phenotypes of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Different Sources over a 16 Year Period in Brazil. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 33:109-113. [PMID: 36944410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes in 63 C. coli strains isolated from humans (12), animals (21), the environment (20) and food (10) in Brazil using whole genome sequencing tools (WGS) and compare them with the results obtained by antimicrobial susceptibility testing against (AST) some important antimicrobials of clinical use. METHODS The phenotypic resistance profiles were determined by minimal inhibitory concentrations and disk diffusion technique. The prediction of the resistance genes was performed using ABRicate v.0.8 and the Resistance Gene Identifier software (RGI) of the CARD. RESULTS The percentage of C. coli strains phenotypically resistant to antimicrobials were: ampicillin 44.4%, doxycycline 20.6%, tetracycline 20.6%, ciprofloxacin 12.7%, nalidixic acid 12.7%, streptomycin 6.3%, erythromycin 4.8% and gentamicin 1.6%. The genes blaOXA-605 / blaOXA-61,tet(O), cmeB, aadE-Cc, aph (3 ') - IIIa, sat4 and aad9 were detected in 54%, 22.2%, 9.5%,6.3%, 1.6%, 1.6% and 1.6% strains, respectively. Mutations T86I in the QRDR region of gyrA were detected in 8 (12.7%) strains. The correlation between AST and WGS was 100%, 92.9%, 82.4%, 80%, for quinolones, tetracycline, β-lactam and aminoglycoside classes. CONCLUSIONS The rates of C. coli strains resistant to β- lactams and quinolones may represent a public health concern. The partial correlation between AST and WGS shows that improvement in antibiotic resistance databases may be required to minimize this discrepancy observed in some antimicrobial classes and to become an acceptable tool to both clinical microbiologists and regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Victoria Che
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Campioni F, Vilela FP, Cao G, Kastanis G, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Costa RG, Tiba-Casas MR, Yin L, Allard M, Falcão JP. Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin strains from Brazil belonged to two predominant clades. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10555. [PMID: 35732677 PMCID: PMC9217926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Dublin is a cattle-associated serovar sporadically causing disease in humans. S. Dublin strains isolated in Brazil and in other countries were analyzed to determine their phylogenetic relationships, the presence of genes, plasmids, genomic regions related to virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes repertoire, using WGS analyses. Illumina was used to sequence the genome of 112 S. Dublin strains isolated in Brazil from humans (n = 82) and animals (n = 30) between 1983 and 2016. Furthermore, 87 strains from other countries were analyzed. WGSNP analysis revealed three different clades, in which the strains from Brazil belonged to two clades, A and C. Most of the genes and genomic regions searched varied among the strains studied. The siderophore genes iroB and iroC were exclusively found in strains from Brazil and pegD gene, related to fimbrial adherence determinants, were positive in 124 strains from clades A and B but absent in all the strains from clade C (n = 71). Eleven plasmid replicons were found in the strains from Brazil, and nine were exclusively found in strains from other countries. The antimicrobial resistance genes mdsA and mdsB, that encode an efflux pump, were found in all the strains studied. The strains from Brazil carried other resistance genes, such as tet(A) (n = 11), tet(B) (n = 4) and tet(C) (n = 4), blaTEM-1 (n = 4), catA1 (n = 1), aadA1 (n = 1), and sul1 (n = 1). In conclusion, S. Dublin strains isolated in Brazil presented some few unique genes not found in strains from other countries and were allocated into two distinct clades with strains of human and animal origin epidemiologically related. This fact stresses the zoonotic potential of S. Dublin circulating in Brazil for more than 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pinheiro Vilela
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guojie Cao
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - George Kastanis
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, FIOCRUZ/Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, 3°andar, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Garcia Costa
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, FIOCRUZ/Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, 3°andar, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lanlan Yin
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Gomes CN, Campioni F, Vilela FP, Duque SS, Falcão JP. Campylobacter coli strains from Brazil can invade phagocytic and epithelial cells and induce IL-8 secretion. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:859-867. [PMID: 33590448 PMCID: PMC8105435 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. have been a predominant cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, causing substantial costs to public healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the invasion and pro-inflammatory cytokine production capacity of Campylobacter coli strains isolated in Brazil. A total of 50 C. coli isolated from different sources in Brazil were analyzed for their capacity of invasion in Caco-2 and U-937 cell lines. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was quantitatively measured in response to C. coli. All the strains studied showed invasion percentage ≥ 40% in polarized Caco-2 cells. In U-937 cells assay, 35 of 50 C. coli strains studied showed invasion percentage ≥ 50%. A significant increase in IL-8 production by infected U-937 cells was observed for 17.5% of the C. coli isolates. The high percentages of invasion in Caco-2 and U-937 cells observed for all studied strains, plus the increased production of IL-8 by U-937 cells against some strains, highlighted the pathogenic potential of the C. coli studied and bring extremely relevant data since it has never been reported for strains isolated in Brazil and there are a few data for C. coli in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Vilela
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Sheila S Duque
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 516, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Campioni F, Gomes CN, Bergamini AMM, Rodrigues DP, Tiba-Casas MR, Falcão JP. Comparison of cell invasion, macrophage survival and inflammatory cytokines profiles between Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Dublin from Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:2123-2131. [PMID: 33150646 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study compared the capacity of strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Dublin isolated in Brazil to invade epithelial cells, to be internalized by and survive within macrophages, and to stimulate cytokine release in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Both serovars infected 75 and 73% Caco-2 (human) and MDBK (bovine) epithelial cells respectively. Salmonella Dublin and S. Enteritidis (i) were internalized at the respective rates of 79·6 and 65·0% (P ≤ 0·05) by U937 (human) macrophages, and 70·4 and 66·9% by HD11 (chicken) macrophages; and (ii) multiplied at the respective rates of 3·2- and 2·7-fold within U937 cells, and 1·9- and 1·1-fold (P ≤ 0·05) within HD11 cells respectively. Seventy per cent of 10 S. Dublin strains stimulated IL-8 production, while 70% of S. Enteritidis strains enhanced production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Compared with S. Enteritidis, S. Dublin had stronger ability to survive within macrophages and induced weak cytokine production, which may explain the higher incidence of invasive diseases caused by S. Dublin in humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study compared S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and Dublin to provide comparative data about the profile of the two serovars in cells from humans, the common host and their respective natural animal hosts and vice versa in order to check the differences between these two phylogenetically closely related serovars that share antigenic properties but present different phenotypic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Campioni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C N Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A M M Bergamini
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Centro de Laboratórios Regionais - Ribeirão Preto VI, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - D P Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ - Laboratório de Enterobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M R Tiba-Casas
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Centro de Bacteriologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J P Falcão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Campioni F, Gomes CN, Rodrigues DDP, Bergamini AMM, Falcão JP. Phenotypic analyses of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains isolated in the pre- and post-epidemic period in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:173-183. [PMID: 33107010 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis has caused, since the 1980s, a sustained epidemic of human infections in many countries. This study analyzed S. Enteritidis strains isolated before and after the epidemic period in Brazil regarding their capacities to survive to acid, oxidative, and high-temperature stresses, and capacity to grow in egg albumen. Moreover, the ability to invade human epithelial cells (Caco-2) and to survive inside human (U937) and chicken (HD11) macrophages was checked. Post-epidemic strains showed a better ability to survive after 10 min under acid stress at 37 °C (P ≤ 0.05). However, both groups of strains showed similar ability to survive after 1 h under acid stress at 37 °C and at 42 °C independently of the time of exposure. Similar ability was verified in both groups of strains regarding oxidative stress, growth in egg albumen, high-temperature stress, invasion to Caco-2 cells, and invasion and survival in macrophages. In conclusion, post-epidemic S. Enteritidis strains showed a better ability to survive under the acid stress found in the stomach, which might be an advantage to reach the intestine and colonize chickens and humans. However, both groups of strains did not differ significantly in the majority of the phenotypic tests analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Alzira Maria Morato Bergamini
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Centro de Laboratórios Regionais - Ribeirão Preto VI, Rua Minas 877, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14085-410, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Gonzales JC, Seribelli AA, Gomes CN, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Campioni F, Passaglia J, da Silva P, Falcão JP. A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1563-1571. [PMID: 32710175 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri has been a major public health problem in developing countries. This work analyzed the frequency of 16 virulence genes, the genotypic diversity, and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 130 S. flexneri strains isolated in Brazil. The ipaH gene was found in all the 130 strains. The frequencies of the other genes were variable ial (88.5%), sigA (82.3%), iuc (74.6%), virA (73%), pic (72.3%), virF (57.7%), sat (48.5%), ipaBCD (37%), sen (36%), set1A (35.4%), sepA (30%), set1B (30%), virB (14%), icsA (10%), and ipgD (5.4%). A total of 57 (43.8%) strains were multidrug-resistant. ERIC-PCR grouped 96 of the strains into a single cluster with ≥ 70.4% of similarity, 75 of these strains presented a similarity ≥ 80.9%. PFGE grouped 120 of the strains into a single cluster with 57.4% of similarity and 82 of these strains presented a similarity ≥ 70.6%. In conclusion, the high frequency of some virulence genes reinforces the pathogenic potential of the strains studied. The high rates of MDR strains are alarming once it may lead to failure when antimicrobial treatment is necessary. Genotype techniques reveled a major cluster with high genetic similarity including S. flexneri strains from the different Brazilian states and distinct years of isolation, showing that they probably emerged from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cunha Gonzales
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Seribelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Passaglia
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo da Silva
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Campioni F, Gomes CN, Bergamini AMM, Rodrigues DP, Falcão JP. Partial Correlation Between Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains from Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1466-1471. [PMID: 32311302 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing analyses have provided important data and information on the repertoire of resistance genes in several bacterial species. This study examined to what extent the antimicrobial resistance genes found in a set of whole-genome-sequenced Salmonella Enteritidis strains from Brazil correlated with the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance possibly related to these genes. The genotypic resistance data from the strains studied were compared with publicly available data from strains isolated in other countries. The genotypic resistance profiles were accessed on the NCBI Pathogen Detection website, and the phenotypic resistance profiles were determined by the disk diffusion technique according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Fourteen of the 256 sequenced strains presented antimicrobial resistance genes, with the highest prevalence of resistance genes to aminoglycosides-with 16 genes detected in seven strains-not only in Brazilian strains but also in the strains from other parts of the world. The strongest correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was found for tetracycline (75%). The genotypic and phenotypic profiles of the S. Enteritidis strains studied only partially matched, and they diverged in some antimicrobial classes more strongly than in other classes. The advances on whole-genome sequencing analyses associated with a better understanding of the correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance data may improve this powerful tool for antimicrobial resistance prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina N Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alzira M M Bergamini
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Minas 877, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dália P Rodrigues
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ - Laboratório de Enterobactérias - Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vilela FP, Falcão JP, Campioni F. Analysis of Resistance Gene Prevalence in Whole-Genome Sequenced Enterobacteriales from Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:594-604. [PMID: 31746671 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriales is an order of bacteria responsible for community and hospital-acquired infections related to high rates of antimicrobial resistance and increased treatment costs, morbidity, and mortality globally. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of the resistance genes detected and distribution over the years and sources of isolation in sequenced Enterobacteriales strains isolated in Brazil and available at the Pathogen Detection website. The presence of resistance genes was analyzed in 1,507 whole-genome sequenced strains of 19 Enterobacteriales species. A total of 58.0% of the strains presented resistance genes to at least one antimicrobial class and 684 strains presented a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile. Resistance genes to 14 classes of antimicrobials were detected. Aminoglycosides presented the most prevalent and diverse resistance genes, while the sulfonamide resistance gene, sul2, was the most prevalent among the strains studied. The presence of resistance genes from 14 different antimicrobial classes, the high levels of MDR strains, and the detection of genes related to clinical and veterinary-used drugs reinforce the necessity of more efficient control measures. Moreover, it warns for the necessity of the rational use of antimicrobials in veterinary and clinical situations in Brazil, since contaminated food may act as a vehicle for human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pinheiro Vilela
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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10
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Vilela FP, Gomes CN, Passaglia J, Rodrigues DP, Costa RG, Tiba Casas MR, Fernandes SA, Falcão JP, Campioni F. Genotypic Resistance to Quinolone and Tetracycline in Salmonella Dublin Strains Isolated from Humans and Animals in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:143-151. [PMID: 30222519 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of Salmonella Dublin strains to quinolones and tetracycline has been increasing worldwide. Studies regarding the genotypic resistance traits of strains of this serovar isolated in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to examine the genetic characteristics of Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil, which are associated with resistance to quinolone and tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline of the 10 strains sensitive and 21 strains resistant to quinolone and tetracycline were determined using Etest.® The mutation profiles of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes were accessed by sequencing, while the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and tet genes was analyzed by PCR. Quinolone-resistant strains presented the amino acid substitutions Ser96→Tyr, Ser96→Phe, Asp107→Asn, or Asp108→Gly on the gyrA gene, and the Ser224→Phe and Glu231→Asp mutations on the gyrB gene. The qnrA, tet(A), and tet(B) genes were detected in 5, 13, and 6 strains, respectively. Analysis of the MIC values revealed that 1 and 3 strains presented intermediate and resistant MIC profiles to nalidixic acid, respectively; 6 strains presented intermediate MIC profile to ciprofloxacin; and 13 strains presented resistant MIC profile to tetracycline. In the Salmonella Dublin strains studied, quinolone resistance was mainly related to mutation points that led to target alteration in the gyrA and gyrB genes, while tetracycline resistance was associated with the presence of tet(A) and/or tet(B) genes, with the highest resistance levels detected in strains bearing the tet(B) gene. The presence of the aforementioned genotypic resistance traits in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated over 33 years in Brazil indicates that ciprofloxacin or tetracycline therapy against such strains may fail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- 2 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Passaglia
- 2 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- 2 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- 2 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Campioni F, Cao G, Kastanis G, Janies DA, Bergamini AMM, Rodrigues DDP, Stones R, Brown E, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Changing of the Genomic Pattern of Salmonella Enteritidis Strains Isolated in Brazil Over a 48 year-period revealed by Whole Genome SNP Analyses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10478. [PMID: 29993044 PMCID: PMC6041339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis became the main serovar isolated from gastroenteritis cases in Brazil after the 90's. In this study we used whole genome sequence analysis to determine the phylogenetic relationships among a collection of strains isolated in Brazil to identify possible genomic differences between the strains isolated in the pre and post-epidemic period. Also, we compared our data from strains isolated in Brazil to strains available in the public domain from other South American countries. Illumina technology was used to sequence the genome of 256 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated over a 48 year-period in Brazil, comprising the pre- and post-epidemic period. Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct lineages for strains isolated before and after 1994. Moreover, the phage region SE20 that may be related to the emergence of Salmonella Enteritidis worldwide was present only in strains of the post-epidemic cluster. In conclusion, our results showed that the genomic profile of Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated in Brazil shifted after 1994, replaced by a global epidemic group of strains. It may be hypothesized that the presence of the prophage SE20 might have conferred to these strains a better ability to colonize chicken and consequently to infect and cause disease in humans, which might better explain the increase in the number of S. Enteritidis cases in Brazil and other South American countries. However, to verify this hypothesis further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guojie Cao
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - George Kastanis
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel A Janies
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | | | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, FIOCRUZ/Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, 3°andar, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robert Stones
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Brown
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc W Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Vilela FP, Frazão MR, Rodrigues DP, Costa RG, Casas MRT, Fernandes SA, Falcão JP, Campioni F. Genetic diversity, anti-microbial resistance, plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen inSalmonellaDublin strains isolated in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e34-e43. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. P. Vilela
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - M. R. Frazão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | | | - R. G. Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - M. R. T. Casas
- Centro de Bacteriologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz; São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - S. A. Fernandes
- Centro de Bacteriologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz; São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - J. P. Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - F. Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
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Campioni F, Souza RA, Martins VV, Stehling EG, Bergamini AMM, Falcão JP. Prevalence of gyrA Mutations in Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Humans, Food, Chickens, and the Farm Environment in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:421-428. [PMID: 27559761 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis strains that are resistant to nalidixic acid and exhibit reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have been increasing worldwide. In Brazil, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the quinolone resistance mechanisms of S. Enteritidis strains. This study analyzed the profile of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanisms in S. Enteritidis NalR strains isolated in Brazil. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were evaluated in 84 NalR strains and compared with 20 NalS strains. The mutation profiles of the gyrA gene were accessed by high-resolution melting analysis and gyrB, parC, and parE by quinolone resistance-determining region sequencing. The MICs of ciprofloxacin were accessed with Etest®. The strains were divided into five gyrA melting profiles. The NalR strains exhibited the following amino acid substitutions: Ser97→Pro, Ser83→Phe, Asp87→Asn, or Asp87→Tyr. The average MICs of ciprofloxacin was 0.006 μg/ml in the NalS and 0.09 μg/ml in the NalR strains. No points of mutation were observed in the genes gyrB, parC, and parE. The qnrB gene was found in two strains. In conclusion, the reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin observed in NalR strains may cause treatment failures once this drug is commonly used to treat Salmonella infections. Moreover, this reduced susceptibility in these Brazilian strains was provided by target alteration of gene gyrA and not by mobile elements, such as resistance plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- 1 Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto Antonio Souza
- 1 Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Vicente Martins
- 1 Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- 1 Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- 1 Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Campioni F, Pitondo-Silva A, Bergamini AMM, Falcão JP. Comparison of four molecular methods to type Salmonella Enteritidis strains. APMIS 2015; 123:422-6. [PMID: 25703542 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), multilocus variable-number of tanden-repeat analysis (MLVA), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods for typing 188 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from different sources isolated over a 24-year period in Brazil. PFGE and ERIC-PCR were more efficient than MLVA for subtyping the strains. However, MLVA provided additional epidemiological information for those strains. In addition, MLST showed the Brazilian strains as belonging to the main clonal complex of S. Enteritidis, CC11, and provided the first report of two new STs in the S. enterica database but could not properly subtype the strains. Our results showed that the use of PFGE or ERIC-PCR together with MLVA is suitable to efficiently subtype S. Enteritidis strains and provide important epidemiological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Campioni F, Falcão JP. Genotyping of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A strains from clinical and nonclinical origins by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:419-24. [PMID: 24869470 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A (B1A) strains are considered mainly nonpathogenic. However, some studies considered strains of this biotype to be the causal agents of infections in humans and animals. In South America, there are no studies that have compared clinical and nonclinical strains of B1A typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and none that have compared the capability of different enzymes on typing these strains. This study typed 51 Y. enterocolitica B1A strains isolated in Brazil and Chile by PFGE, testing the enzymes XbaI, NotI, and XhoI. The resulting dendrograms discriminated the strains in 47, 40, and 49 pulsotypes generated by the cleavage with the enzymes XbaI, NotI, and XhoI, respectively. The majority of the strains were grouped independently of their clinical or nonclinical origins. The high discriminatory power of PFGE confirmed the heterogeneity of B1A strains but could not divide the strains studied into clusters that differed in the frequency of some virulence genes as observed in studies using other methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Campioni F, Falcão JP. Genotypic diversity and virulence markers ofYersinia enterocoliticabiotype 1A strains isolated from clinical and non-clinical origins. APMIS 2013; 122:215-22. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo-USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Falcão
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo-USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Campioni F, Moratto Bergamini AM, Falcão JP. Genetic diversity, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from food and humans over a 24-year period in Brazil. Food Microbiol 2012; 32:254-64. [PMID: 22986188 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major health problem worldwide. Serovar Enteritidis has been a primary cause of Salmonella outbreaks in many countries. In Brazil, few molecular typing studies have been performed. The aims of this study were to molecularly type Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated in Brazil in order to determine the genetic relationship between strains of food and human origin, as well as, to assess their pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 128 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from human feces (67) and food (61) between 1986 and 2010 were studied. The genotypic diversity was assessed by ERIC-PCR and PFGE using XbaI, the antimicrobial resistance by the disc-diffusion assay and the presence of the SPI-1, SPI-2 and pSTV virulence genes assessed by PCR. The ERIC-PCR results revealed that 112 strains exhibited a similarity of >85.4% and the PFGE that 96 strains exhibited a similarity of >80.0%. Almost all strains (97.6%) harbored all 13 virulence genes investigated. Thirty-six strains (28.12%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. In conclusion, the nalidixic acid resistance observed after 1996 is indicative of an increase in the use of this drug. It may be suggested that these 128 strains might have descended from a common ancestor that differed little over 24 years and has been both contaminating food and humans and causing disease for more than two decades in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Campioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. do Café, s/no, Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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