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Finsterwalder SK, Loncaric I, Cabal A, Szostak MP, Barf LM, Marz M, Allerberger F, Burgener IA, Tichy A, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Spergser J, Künzel F. Dogs as carriers of virulent and resistant genotypes of Clostridioides difficile. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:673-681. [PMID: 35546073 PMCID: PMC9544694 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While previous research on zoonotic transmission of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) focused on food-producing animals, the present study aimed to investigate whether dogs are carriers of resistant and/or virulent C. difficile strains. Rectal swabs were collected from 323 dogs and 38 C. difficile isolates (11.8%) were obtained. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and a DNA hybridization assay. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST) and screening for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were performed based on WGS. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, vancomycin and metronidazole were determined by E-test. Out of 38 C. difficile isolates, 28 (73.7%) carried genes for toxins. The majority of isolates belonged to MLST sequence types (STs) of clade I and one to clade V. Several isolates belonged to STs previously associated with human CA-CDI. However, cgMLST showed low genetic relatedness between the isolates of this study and C. difficile strains isolated from humans in Austria for which genome sequences were publicly available. Four isolates (10.5%) displayed resistance to three of the tested antimicrobial agents. Isolates exhibited resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and metronidazole. These phenotypic resistances were supported by the presence of the resistance genes erm(B), cfr(C) and tet(M). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Our results indicate that dogs may carry virulent and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Finsterwalder
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Cabal
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - M P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L M Barf
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - M Marz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - F Allerberger
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - I A Burgener
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A T Feßler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Monecke
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - W Ruppitsch
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Künzel
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Markt R, Endler L, Amman F, Schedl A, Penz T, Büchel-Marxer M, Grünbacher D, Mayr M, Peer E, Pedrazzini M, Rauch W, Wagner AO, Allerberger F, Bergthaler A, Insam H. Detection and abundance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Liechtenstein, and the estimation of prevalence and impact of the B.1.1.7 variant. J Water Health 2022; 20:114-125. [PMID: 35100159 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to be also shed through feces, which makes wastewater-based surveillance possible, independent of symptomatic cases and unbiased by any testing strategies and frequencies. We investigated the entire population of the Principality of Liechtenstein with samples from the wastewater treatment plant Bendern (serving all 39,000 inhabitants). Twenty-four-hour composite samples were taken once or twice a week over a period of 6 months from September 2020 to March 2021. Viral RNA was concentrated using the PEG centrifugation method followed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The aim of this research was to assess the suitability of SARS-CoV-2 fragments to relate the viral wastewater signal to the incidences and assess the impact of the emerging B.1.1.7. variant. The viral load in the wastewater peaked at almost 9 × 108 viral fragments per person equivalent (PE) and day on October 25, and showed a second peak on December 22 reaching a viral load of approximately 2 × 108 PE-1d-1. Individual testing showed a lag of 4 days and a distinct underestimation of cases at the first peak when testing frequency was low. The wastewater signal showed an immediate response to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The new virus variant B.1.1.7. was first detected in wastewater on December 23, while it was first observed with individual testing on January 13, 2021. Further, our data indicate that the emergence of new virus variant may change the wastewater signal, probably due to different shedding patterns, which should be considered in future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - L Endler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - F Amman
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - A Schedl
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - T Penz
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - M Büchel-Marxer
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Culture, Peter-Kaiser-Platz 1, Vaduz 9490, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - D Grünbacher
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - M Mayr
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - E Peer
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - M Pedrazzini
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Culture, Peter-Kaiser-Platz 1, Vaduz 9490, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - W Rauch
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - A O Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna 1220, Austria
| | - A Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - H Insam
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
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3
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Laferl H, Kelani H, Seitz T, Holzer B, Zimpernik I, Steinrigl A, Schmoll F, Wenisch C, Allerberger F. An approach to lifting self-isolation for health care workers with prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Infection 2021; 49:95-101. [PMID: 33025521 PMCID: PMC7538033 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the European Public Health Authority guidance for ending isolation in the context of COVID-19, a convalescent healthcare worker (HCW) can end their isolation at home and resume work upon clinical improvement and two negative RT-PCR tests from respiratory specimens obtained at 24-h intervals at least 8 days after the onset of symptoms. However, convalescent HCWs may shed SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA for prolonged periods. METHODS 40 healthy HCWs off work because of ongoing positive RT-PCR results in combined nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs following SARS-CoV-2 infection were invited to participate in this study. These HCWs had been in self-isolation because of a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. NP and OP swabs as well as a blood sample were collected from each participant. RT-PCR and virus isolation was performed with each swab sample and serum neutralization test as well as two different ELISA tests were performed on all serum samples. RESULTS No viable virions could be detected in any of 29 nasopharyngeal and 29 oropharyngeal swabs taken from 15 long-time carriers. We found SARSCoV- 2 RNA in 14/29 nasopharyngeal and 10/29 oropharyngeal swabs obtained from screening 15 HCWs with previous COVID-19 up to 55 days after symptom onset. Six (40%) of the 15 initially positive HCWs converted to negative and later reverted to positive again according to their medical records. All but one HCW, a healthy volunteer banned from work, showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies in concomitantly taken blood samples. Late threshold cycle (Ct) values in RT-PCR [mean 37.4; median 37.3; range 30.8-41.7] and the lack of virus growth in cell culture indicate that despite the positive PCR results no infectivity remained. CONCLUSION We recommend lifting isolation if the RT-PCR Ct-value of a naso- or oropharyngeal swab sample is over 30. Positive results obtained from genes targeted with Ct-values > 30 correspond to non-viable/noninfectious particles that are still detected by RT-PCR. In case of Ct-values lower than 30, a blood sample from the patient should be tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies. If positive, non-infectiousness can also be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laferl
- 4th Medical Department with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100, Vienna, Austria.
| | - H Kelani
- 4th Medical Department with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Seitz
- 4th Medical Department with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, 2340, Mödling, Austria
| | - I Zimpernik
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, 2340, Mödling, Austria
| | - A Steinrigl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, 2340, Mödling, Austria
| | - F Schmoll
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, 2340, Mödling, Austria
| | - C Wenisch
- 4th Medical Department with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, 2340, Mödling, Austria
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- M M G Leeflang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Allerberger
- Division of Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
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6
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Cabal A, Schmid D, Lepuschitz S, Stöger A, Blaschitz M, Allerberger F, Ruppitsch W, Hell M. Nosocomial outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes puerperal sepsis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:521-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Hufnagl P, Rosel AC, Ruppitsch W, Indra A, Markowicz M, Stanek G, Allerberger F. Outbreak of infestation with body lice in a home for assisted living, Austria, 2018. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an in vitro diagnostic test from a good idea to a clinically relevant tool takes several steps, with more stringent requirements at every step. OBJECTIVES This article aims to summarize the necessary questions to be asked about a test and to illustrate study designs answering these questions. We also aim to relate Regulation (EU) 2017/746 to the needs of evidence-based diagnostic testing, where applicable. SOURCES We used literature on evidence-based diagnostics, a text book on clinical trials in the development and marketing of medical devices and the English version of Regulation 2017/746 of the European Parliament and of the Council on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. CONTENT The combination of different test uses and different stages of development determine the required test characteristics and suitability of study designs. In an earlier stage of test development it may be crucial to know whether a test can differentiate diseased persons from healthy controls, although this tells us little about how a test will perform in practice. Later stages focus on the diagnostic accuracy of a test in a clinically relevant situation. However, a test that perfectly distinguishes between patients with and without a certain condition may still have little effect on patient outcomes. Therefore, randomized controlled trials of testing may be needed, as well as post-marketing monitoring. IMPLICATIONS Both researchers and users of tests need to be aware of the limitations of diagnostic test accuracy and realize that accuracy is only indirectly linked to people's health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M G Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - F Allerberger
- Division of Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Mylius M, Pallasch G, Beyrer K, Allerberger F, Claußen K, Schlager S, Fruth A, Lang C, Prager R, Dreesman J, Mertens E. Enterohämorrhagische Escherichia coli (EHEC)-Erkrankungen in Schulklassen nach Rohmilch-Konsum bei Skifreizeit in Österreich, 2017 – Der ÖGD verhindert weitere Ausbrüche. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mylius
- Robert Koch-Institut/NLGA Infektionsepidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Pallasch
- Gesundheitsamt Landkreis Stade, Amtsleitung, Stade, Germany
| | - K Beyrer
- Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt (NLGA), Infektionsepidemiologie, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Allerberger
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, Öffentliche Gesundheit, Graz, Österreich
| | - K Claußen
- Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt (NLGA), Bakteriologie, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Schlager
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, Bakteriologie, Graz, Österreich
| | - A Fruth
- Robert Koch-Institut NRZ Salmonellen und andere bakterielle Enteritiserreger, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - C Lang
- Robert Koch-Institut NRZ Salmonellen und andere bakterielle Enteritiserreger, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - R Prager
- Robert Koch-Institut NRZ Salmonellen und andere bakterielle Enteritiserreger, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - J Dreesman
- Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt (NLGA), Infektionsepidemiologie, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Mertens
- Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt (NLGA), Infektionsepidemiologie, Hannover, Germany
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10
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de With K, Allerberger F, Amann S, Apfalter P, Brodt HR, Eckmanns T, Fellhauer M, Geiss HK, Janata O, Krause R, Lemmen S, Meyer E, Mittermayer H, Porsche U, Presterl E, Reuter S, Sinha B, Strauß R, Wechsler-Fördös A, Wenisch C, Kern WV. Strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in hospital: a guideline by the German Society for Infectious Diseases. Infection 2017; 44:395-439. [PMID: 27066980 PMCID: PMC4889644 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the time of increasing resistance and paucity of new drug development there is a growing need for strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in German and Austrian hospitals. An evidence-based guideline on recommendations for implementation of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes was developed by the German Society for Infectious Diseases in association with the following societies, associations and institutions: German Society of Hospital Pharmacists, German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, The Austrian Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Austrian Society for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Austrian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Robert Koch Institute. Materials and methods A structured literature research was performed in the databases EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library from January 2006 to November 2010 with an update to April 2012 (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library). The grading of recommendations in relation to their evidence is according to the AWMF Guidance Manual and Rules for Guideline Development. Conclusion The guideline provides the grounds for rational use of antibiotics in hospital to counteract antimicrobial resistance and to improve the quality of care of patients with infections by maximising clinical outcomes while minimising toxicity. Requirements for a successful implementation of ABS programmes as well as core and supplemental ABS strategies are outlined. The German version of the guideline was published by the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) in December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de With
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Allerberger
- Division Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Amann
- Hospital Pharmacy, Munich Municipal Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - P Apfalter
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H-R Brodt
- Department of Infectious Disease Medical Clinic II, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Eckmanns
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fellhauer
- Hospital Pharmacy, Schwarzwald-Baar Hospital, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - H K Geiss
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infectiology, Sana Kliniken AG, Ismaning, Germany
| | - O Janata
- Department for Hygiene and Infection Control, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Lemmen
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Meyer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Mittermayer
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - U Porsche
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information, Landesapotheke, Landeskliniken Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Presterl
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Reuter
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology and Osteology, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Strauß
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wechsler-Fördös
- Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Wenisch
- Medical Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - W V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Schill S, Lepuschitz S, Blaschitz M, Maritschnik S, Schmid D, Allerberger F, Kornschober C, Ruppitsch W. Use of genome wide gene-by-gene comparison for Salmonella enterica outbreak investigation in Austria. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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12
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Jelovcan S, Leekitcharoenphon P, Weissensteiner G, Hendriksen R, Lassnig H, Allerberger F, Springer B. Detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1) in E. coli isolated from pig caecum in Austria. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Krutova M, Nyc O, Matejkova J, Allerberger F, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Molecular characterisation of Czech Clostridium difficile isolates collected in 2013-2015. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:479-485. [PMID: 27519407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a leading nosocomial pathogen and molecular typing is a crucial part of monitoring its occurrence and spread. Over a three-year period (2013-2015), clinical C. difficile isolates from 32 Czech hospitals were collected for molecular characterisation. Of 2201 C. difficile isolates, 177 (8%) were non-toxigenic, 2024 (92%) were toxigenic (tcdA and tcdB) and of these, 677 (33.5%) carried genes for binary toxin production (cdtA, cdtB). Capillary-electrophoresis (CE) ribotyping of the 2201 isolates yielded 166 different CE-ribotyping profiles, of which 53 were represented by at least two isolates for each profile. Of these, 29 CE-ribotyping patterns were common to the Leeds-Leiden C. difficile reference strain library and the WEBRIBO database (83.7% isolates), and 24 patterns were recognized only by the WEBRIBO database (11.2% isolates). Isolates belonging to these 53 CE-ribotyping profiles comprised 94.9% of all isolates. The ten most frequent CE-ribotyping profiles were 176 (n=588, 26.7%), 001 (n=456, 20.7%), 014 (n=176, 8%), 012 (n=127, 5.8%), 017 (n=85, 3.9%), 020 (n=68, 3.1%), 596 (n=55, 2.5%), 002-like (n=45, 2.1%), 010 (n=35, 1.6%) and 078 (n=34, 1.6%). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes performed in one isolate of each of 53 different CE-ribotyping profiles revealed 40 different sequence types (STs). We conclude that molecular characterisation of Czech C. difficile isolates revealed a high diversity of CE-ribotyping profiles; the prevailing RTs were 001 (20.7%) and 176 (027-like, 26.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic.
| | - O Nyc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - J Matejkova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Wien, Austria
| | - M H Wilcox
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - E J Kuijper
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is essential for maintaining human health and defending against intestinal pathogens. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota, also termed dysbiosis, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is aimed at correcting these alterations by delivering faecal microorganisms from a healthy person to the intestines of a patient. At present, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection is the only indication supported by solid scientific evidence, but many ongoing studies are investigating FMT in other dysbiosis-related diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. As there are no systematic methodological investigations, several questions about techniques, donor screening and safety issues remain. This shortage of evidence, especially on long-term safety concerns, is leading to worldwide controversy regarding the use of FMT. Regulations by healthcare authorities vary among different countries. This review reflects the Austrian situation and its FMT guidelines concerning indications, techniques and donor screening, recently developed by local scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Kump
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Severi E, Verhoef L, Thornton L, Guzman-Herrador BR, Faber M, Sundqvist L, Rimhanen-Finne R, Roque-Afonso AM, Ngui SL, Allerberger F, Baumann-Popczyk A, Muller L, Parmakova K, Alfonsi V, Tavoschi L, Vennema H, Fitzgerald M, Myrmel M, Gertler M, Ederth J, Kontio M, Vanbockstael C, Mandal S, Sadkowska-Todys M, Tosti ME, Schimmer B, O Gorman J, Stene-Johansen K, Wenzel JJ, Jones G, Balogun K, Ciccaglione AR, O' Connor L, Vold L, Takkinen J, Rizzo C. Large and prolonged food-borne multistate hepatitis A outbreak in Europe associated with consumption of frozen berries, 2013 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:21192. [PMID: 26227370 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.29.21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In May 2013, Italy declared a national outbreak of hepatitis A, which also affected several foreign tourists who had recently visited the country. Molecular investigations identified some cases as infected with an identical strain of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IA. After additional European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries reported locally acquired and travel-related cases associated with the same outbreak, an international outbreak investigation team was convened, a European outbreak case definition was issued and harmonisation of the national epidemiological and microbiological investigations was encouraged. From January 2013 to August 2014, 1,589 hepatitis A cases were reported associated with the multistate outbreak; 1,102 (70%) of the cases were hospitalised for a median time of six days; two related deaths were reported. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations implicated mixed frozen berries as the vehicle of infection of the outbreak. In order to control the spread of the outbreak, suspected or contaminated food batches were recalled, the public was recommended to heat-treat berries, and post-exposure prophylaxis of contacts was performed. The outbreak highlighted how large food-borne hepatitis A outbreaks may affect the increasingly susceptible EU/EEA general population and how, with the growing international food trade, frozen berries are a potential high-risk food.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Spina A, Kerr KG, Cormican M, Barbut F, Eigentler A, Zerva L, Tassios P, Popescu GA, Rafila A, Eerola E, Batista J, Maass M, Aschbacher R, Olsen KEP, Allerberger F. Spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the FilmArray GI Panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:719-28. [PMID: 25908431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The European, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (EUCODI) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Romania, and the UK) in 2014. On four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the Austrian Study Centre for further testing with the FilmArray GI Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). Of the 709 samples from as many patients received, 325 (45.8%) tested negative, 268 (37.8%) yielded only one organism, and 116 (16.4%) yielded multiple organisms. Positivity rates ranged from 41% (30 of 73 samples) in France to 74% (59 of 80 samples) in Romania. With the exception of Entamoeba histolytica and Vibrio cholerae, all of the 22 targeted pathogens were detected at least once. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter species, toxigenic Clostridium difficile, enteroaggregative E. coli, norovirus and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the six most commonly detected pathogens. When tested according to local protocols, seven of 128 positive samples (5.5%) yielded multiple organisms. Overall, the FilmArray GI Panel detected at least one organism in 54.2% (384/709) of the samples, as compared with 18.1% (128/709) when testing was performed with conventional techniques locally. This underlines the considerable potential of multiplex PCR to improve routine stool diagnostics in community-acquired diarrhoea. Classic culture methods directed at the isolation of specific pathogens are increasingly becoming second-line tools, being deployed when rapid molecular tests give positive results. This optimizes the yield from stool examinations and dramatically improves the timeliness of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spina
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - K G Kerr
- Harrogate & District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, UK
| | - M Cormican
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - F Barbut
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - L Zerva
- Attikon University Hospital, Athens-Chaidari, Greece
| | - P Tassios
- Attikon University Hospital, Athens-Chaidari, Greece
| | - G A Popescu
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases and Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Rafila
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases and Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Eerola
- Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Batista
- Occidental Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Maass
- Labor Dr Heidrich & Kollegen MVZ, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Aschbacher
- Laboratorio Aziendale di Microbiologia e Virologia, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allerberger
- Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria.
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Kump PK, Krause R, Steininger C, Gröchenig HP, Moschen A, Madl C, Novacek G, Allerberger F, Högenauer C. [Recommendations for the use of faecal microbiota transplantation "stool transplantation": consensus of the Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) in cooperation with the Austrian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine]. Z Gastroenterol 2014; 52:1485-92. [PMID: 25474284 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has a pivotal role in the maintenance of health of the human organism, especially in the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Alterations in the microbiota, also termed dysbiosis, seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), also known as stool transplantation, is a therapeutic procedure aiming at restoring an altered intestinal microbiota by administration of stool microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of a patient. FMT is most commonly used for recurrent forms of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). There are currently many cohort studies in a large number of patients and a randomized controlled trial showing a dramatic effect of FMT for this indication. Therefore FMT is recommended by international medical societies for the treatment of recurrent CDI with high scientific evidence. Other potential indications are the treatment of fulminant CDI or the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. In the practical utilization of FMT there are currently several open questions regarding the screening of stool donors, the processing of stool and the mode of FMT application. Different modes of FMT application have been described, the application into the colon has to be preferred due to less reported side effects than the application into the upper gastrointestinal tract. So far only very few side effects due to FMT have been reported, nevertheless the use and risks of FMT are currently intensely debated in the medical community. This consensus report of the Austrian society of gastroenterology and hepatology (ÖGGH) in cooperation with the Austrian society of infectious diseases and tropical medicine provides instructions for physicians who want to use FMT which are based on the current medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Kump
- Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - R Krause
- Sektion Infektiologie und Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - C Steininger
- Klinische Abteilung für Infektionen und Tropenmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien
| | - H P Gröchenig
- Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, St. Veit an der Glan
| | - A Moschen
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
| | - C Madl
- 4. Medizinische Abteilung mit Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Zentralendoskopie, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Wien
| | - G Novacek
- Abt. Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie, Univ.-Klinik Innere Medizin III, Wien
| | - F Allerberger
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES, Wien
| | - C Högenauer
- Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz
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Wenzel JJ, Schemmerer M, Oberkofler H, Kerschner H, Sinha P, Koidl C, Allerberger F. Hepatitis A Outbreak in Europe: Imported Frozen Berry Mix Suspected to be the Source of At least One Infection in Austria in 2013. Food Environ Virol 2014; 6:297-300. [PMID: 25183415 PMCID: PMC4228166 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We tested 19 sera from Austrian patients with acute hepatitis A. A serum from a 48-year-old female patient yielded HAV-nucleic acid that showed 99.7% homology to the HAV-sequence obtained from samples taken during the current outbreak in several European countries, which is associated with consumption of frozen berries. So far, Austria was considered not to be affected by this hepatitis A outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Schemmerer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Oberkofler
- Institut für Medizinisch-Chemische Labordiagnostik, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Kerschner
- Analyse BioLab, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - P Sinha
- Institut für Labordiagnostik und Mikrobiologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - C Koidl
- Institut für Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Umweltmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstraße 191 A-1220, Vienna, Austria.
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Huhulescu S, Hirk S, Zeinzinger V, Hasenberger P, Skvara H, Müllegger R, Allerberger F, Indra A. Letter to the Editor: Cutaneous diphtheria in a migrant from an endemic country in east Africa, Austria May 2014. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.26.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Huhulescu
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Hirk
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Zeinzinger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Hasenberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Skvara
- Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Department of Dermatology, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - R Müllegger
- Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Department of Dermatology, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Indra
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Hygiene and medical Microbiology, Diphtheria-Reference Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
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Springer B, Allerberger F, Kornschober C. Letter to the editor: Salmonella Stanley outbreaks – a prompt to reevaluate existing food regulations. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.22.20818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Springer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, Graz, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, Graz, Austria
| | - C. Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, Graz, Austria
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Schmid D, Allerberger F, Huhulescu S, Pietzka A, Amar C, Kleta S, Prager R, Preußel K, Aichinger E, Mellmann A. Whole genome sequencing as a tool to investigate a cluster of seven cases of listeriosis in Austria and Germany, 2011-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:431-6. [PMID: 24698214 PMCID: PMC4232032 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of seven human cases of listeriosis occurred in Austria and in Germany between April 2011 and July 2013. The Listeria monocytogenes serovar (SV) 1/2b isolates shared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) patterns indistinguishable from those from five food producers. The seven human isolates, a control strain with a different PFGE/fAFLP profile and ten food isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) in a blinded fashion. A gene-by-gene comparison (multilocus sequence typing (MLST)+) was performed, and the resulting whole genome allelic profiles were compared using SeqSphere+ software version 1.0. On analysis of 2298 genes, the four human outbreak isolates from 2012 to 2013 had different alleles at ≤6 genes, i.e. differed by ≤6 genes from each other; the dendrogram placed these isolates in between five Austrian unaged soft cheese isolates from producer A (≤19-gene difference from the human cluster) and two Austrian ready-to-eat meat isolates from producer B (≤8-gene difference from the human cluster). Both food products appeared on grocery bills prospectively collected by these outbreak cases after hospital discharge. Epidemiological results on food consumption and MLST+ clearly separated the three cases in 2011 from the four 2012–2013 outbreak cases (≥48 different genes). We showed that WGS is capable of discriminating L. monocytogenes SV1/2b clones not distinguishable by PFGE and fAFLP. The listeriosis outbreak described clearly underlines the potential of sequence-based typing methods to offer enhanced resolution and comparability of typing systems for public health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schmid
- German-Austrian Binational Listeria Advisory Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Schmid D, Kuo H, Simons E, Kanitz E, Wenisch J, Allerberger F, Wenisch C. All-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with infectious diarrhea: Clostridium difficile versus other enteric pathogens in Austria from 2008 to 2010. J Infect Public Health 2014; 7:133-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Seidel B, Allerberger F, Hufnagl P, Indra A. Sustainable and multifunctional mosquito pest management: a pull opportunity and a push advice. Parasit Vectors 2014. [PMCID: PMC4094168 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-o6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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25
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Huemer HP, Seidel B, Hufnagl P, Deutz A, Posautz A, Dowall S, Hewson R, Hubalek Z, Allerberger F. Bunyaviruses in human, animal and mosquito samples from southeast Austria. Parasit Vectors 2014. [PMCID: PMC4092273 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-p14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Allerberger F. [Structural requirements and conditions for effective microbiological diagnostics in disease outbreak]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56:22-7. [PMID: 23275952 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After the International Health Regulations of 2005, 194 states agreed to minimal standards to assure health; accordingly, the obligation for safeguarding appropriate laboratory diagnostic capacities has existed under international law since 15 June 2007. Basically, developing and optimizing faster and more innovative testing methods should be the main aim of public health reference laboratories in order to guarantee optimal outbreak detection, control measures, and patient management. All these measures can only be successfully implemented if microbiological primary diagnostics remain comprehensive and do not fall victim to apparent budgetary restrictions. Effective microbiological diagnostics not only help the patient who is directly affected, but also have an effect on the efforts of public health services in controlling infectious disease. In this respect, microbiological routine diagnostics differ substantially from medical-chemical laboratory diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allerberger
- Österr. Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Wien, Österreich.
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27
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Poeppl W, Orola MJ, Herkner H, Müller M, Tobudic S, Faas A, Mooseder G, Allerberger F, Burgmann H. High prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in male Austrian adults: a cross-sectional survey, April to June 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18. [PMID: 23806296 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.25.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the distribution of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in Austrian adults, we conducted an explorative nationwide cross-sectional serological study in 400 healthy individuals. Antibody titres against Leptospira spp. were determined in a microscopic agglutination test using a panel of 14 serovar cultures. Sera of 18 participants were excluded because the samples were unsuitable for testing; the remaining 382 participants comprised 166 professional soldiers and 216 civilians. Overall, 88 (23%) individuals tested positive in serological screening. The subjects' sera reacted most frequently with serovars Canicola (16.5%) and Hardjo (11.8%). Epidemiological information was obtained from a questionnaire: no correlation was found for area of residence, travel abroad, regular outdoor activities, occupational animal contact, or ownership of companion animals. The proportion of seropositive samples was significantly lower among professional soldiers (15.7%) than among civilians (28.7%) (p=0.003). Our data demonstrate serological evidence of a high rate of exposure to Leptospira spp. among the Austrian population. No increased risk of exposure to Leptospira spp. was detected in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Poeppl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Wenisch JM, Schmid D, Kuo HW, Simons E, Allerberger F, Michl V, Tesik P, Tucek G, Wenisch C. Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: determinants for severe disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1923-30. [PMID: 22210266 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of severity (need for surgical intervention, intensive care or fatal outcome) were analysed in hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in a 777-bed community hospital. In a prospective analytical cross-sectional study, age (≥ 65 years), sex, CDI characteristics, underlying diseases, severity of comorbidity and PCR ribotypes were tested for associations with severe CDI. In total, 133 cases of hospital-acquired CDI (mean age 74.4 years) were identified, resulting in an incidence rate of 5.7/10,000 hospital-days. A recurrent episode of diarrhoea occurred in 25 cases (18.8%) and complications including toxic megacolon, dehydration and septicaemia in 69 cases (51.9%). Four cases (3.0%) required ICU admission, one case (0.8%) surgical intervention and 22 cases (16.5%) died within the 30-day follow-up period. Variables identified to be independently associated with severe CDI were severe diarrhoea (odds ratio [OR] 3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-11.11, p=0.02), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.08-8.40, p=0.04), chronic renal disease (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.07-7.81, p=0.04) and diabetes mellitus (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.57-11.76, p=0.004). The case fatality of 16.5% underlines the importance of increased efforts in CDI prevention, in particular for patients with underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wenisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hell M, Sickau K, Chmelizek G, Kern JM, Maass M, Huhulescu S, Allerberger F. Absence of Clostridium difficile stool carriage in asymptomatic volunteers. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239603 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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31
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Hrivniaková L, Schmid D, Luckner-Hornischer A, Lassnig H, Kornschober C, Angermayer J, Allerberger F. Salmonellosis outbreak due to Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b resistant to nalidixic acid, Austria, September 2010. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.34.19952-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hrivniaková
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schmid
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Luckner-Hornischer
- Office of the Provincial Government of Tyrol (Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Lassnig
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - J Angermayer
- Office of the Provincial Government of Tyrol (Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
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Hrivniaková L, Schmid D, Luckner-Hornischer A, Lassnig H, Kornschober C, Angermayer J, Allerberger F. Salmonellosis outbreak due to Salmonella enteritidis phage type 14b resistant to nalidixic acid, Austria, September 2010. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19952. [PMID: 21903036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a salmonellosis-outbreak due to Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b resistant to nalidixic acid (S. Enteritidis PT14b Nx) among residents and employees of a student residence in Austria, September 2010. The outbreak was described and analysed by a retrospective cohort study, and microbiological environmental investigations were conducted to identify the outbreak source(s) and the reservoir of the outbreak strain. A total of 66 persons fulfilled the outbreak case definition including 14 laboratory-confirmed cases. Food specific cohort-analyses by day revealed that consumption of potato salad (RR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.35–2.01, p=0.001) and a cheese-sausage cold plate (RR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.29–3.88, p=0.002) on 14 September was associated with being an outbreak case. We hypothesised that cross-contamination with S. Enteritidis PT14b Nx positive eggs had occurred during preparation of the potato salad and cold plate as a result of preparing in parallel egg-containing breaded cutlets on 14 September. A traced laying hen holding in eastern Austria was identified as the sole source of the consumable eggs in the student residence. By applying the legally mandated sampling method for epidemiological-related laying hen farms (one pooled dust sample à 150g, two paired boot swabs cultured separately), the outbreak strain could not be detected. Our findings, that legally required sampling methods for laying hen farms failed to detect the causative pathogen in a laying hen holding, despite an epidemiological link, underline the request stated by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Biological Hazards for a more sensitive sampling plan in epidemiologically-associated laying hen flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hrivniaková
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (Osterreichische Agentur fur Gesundheit und Ernahrungssicherheit, AGES), Vienna, Austria
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Hell M, Permoser M, Chmelizek G, Kern JM, Maass M, Huhulescu S, Indra A, Allerberger F. Clostridium difficile infection: monoclonal or polyclonal genesis? Infection 2011; 39:461-5. [PMID: 21826436 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is considered to be a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. C. difficile (CDI) infection shows a high rate of recurrence. There would have to be a predominantly monoclonal mechanism of CDI within individual patients in order for molecular epidemiologic tools such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping to be useful in outbreak investigation or differentiation between infection relapse versus re-infection. It was the aim of our study to determine whether CDI is of monoclonal or of polyclonal genesis. Between December 2009 and June 2010, 11 patients with nosocomial CDI were chosen arbitrarily. Five individual colonies of C. difficile were picked from each of the primary culture plates. Of 55 isolates gained, 47 were available for PCR ribotyping (eight isolates failed attempts to re-culture). Among these 47 isolates, eight different PCR ribotypes were identified. Only one of the 11 patients had a stool sample that yielded more than one ribotype (PCR ribotypes 438 and 232); this 67-year-old female cancer patient was already suffering from recurring diarrhea prior to the fatal episode of colitis which was subsequently investigated. We conclude that polyclonal infections may occasionally occur in patients with CDI. Our findings of predominantly monoclonal origin of CDI within patients suggest that molecular epidemiologic investigations can be used reliably for outbreak investigations or discrimination between relapse and re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hell
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Janezic S, Indra A, Allerberger F, Rupnik M. Use of different molecular typing methods for the study of heterogeneity within Clostridium difficile toxinotypes V and III. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1101-1107. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.031054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Janezic
- Institute of Public Health Maribor, Centre for Microbiology, Prvomajska 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - A. Indra
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Waehringerstraße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Waehringerstraße 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Rupnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Public Health Maribor, Centre for Microbiology, Prvomajska 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Huhulescu S, Simon M, Lubnow M, Kaase M, Wewalka G, Pietzka AT, Stöger A, Ruppitsch W, Allerberger F. Fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in a previously healthy woman was most likely associated with a contaminated hot tub. Infection 2011; 39:265-9. [PMID: 21455711 PMCID: PMC3132318 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in previously healthy individuals is a rare disease that is associated with high fatality. On 14 February 2010 a previously healthy 49-year-old woman presented to an emergency room with signs and symptoms of pneumonia, 2 days after returning from a spa holiday in a wellness hotel. Blood cultures and respiratory specimens grew P. aeruginosa. Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy, the patient died of septic multiorgan failure on day nine of hospitalization. On February 26, nine water samples were taken from the hotel facilities used by the patient: In the hot tub sample 37,000 colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa/100 ml were detected. Two of five individual colonies from the primary plate used for this hot tub water sample were found to be genetically closely related to the patients’ isolates. Results from PFGE, AFLP and MLST analysis allowed the two lung isolates gained at autopsy and the whirlpool bathtub isolates to be allocated into one cluster. The patient most likely acquired P. aeruginosa from the contaminated water in the hotel’s hot tub. The detection of P. aeruginosa in high numbers in a hot tub indicates massive biofilm formation in the bath circulation and severe deficiencies in hygienic maintenance. The increasing popularity of hot tubs in hotels and private homes demands increased awareness about potential health risks associated with deficient hygienic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Huhulescu
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Simon
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Kaase
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Gram-Negative Pathogens, Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Wewalka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. T. Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Stöger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Blaschitz M, Hasanacevic D, Hufnagl P, Hasenberger P, Pecavar V, Meidlinger L, Konrad M, Allerberger F, Indra A. Real-time PCR for single-nucleotide polymorphism detection in the 16S rRNA gene as an indicator for extensive drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1243-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schmid D, Kuo HW, Hell M, Kasper S, Lederer I, Mikula C, Springer B, Allerberger F. Foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak in an Austrian healthcare facility caused by asymptomatic, norovirus-excreting kitchen staff. J Hosp Infect 2011; 77:237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Adams NG, Adekambi T, Afeltra J, Aguado J, Aires de Sousa M, Akiyoshi K, Al Hasan M, Ala-Kokko T, Albert M, Alfandari S, Allen D, Allerberger F, Almyroudis N, Alp E, Amin R, Anderson-Berry A, Andes DR, Andremont A, Andreu A, Angelakis M, Antachopoulos C, Antoniadou A, Arabatzis M, Arlet G, Arnez M, Arnold C, Asensio A, Asseray N, Ausiello C, Avni T, Ayling R, Baddour L, Baguelin M, Bányai K, Barbour A, Basco LK, Bauer D, Bayston R, Beall B, Becker K, Behr M, Bejon P, Belliot G, Benito-Fernandez J, Benjamin D, Benschop K, Berencsi G, Bergeron MG, Bernard K, Berner R, Beyersmann J, Bille J, Bizzini A, Bjarnsholt T, Blanc D, Blanco J, Blot S, Bohnert J, Boillat N, Bonomo R, Bonten M, Bordon JM, Borel N, Boschiroli ML, Bosilkovski M, Bosso JA, Botelho-Nevers E, Bou G, Bretagne S, Brouqui P, Brun-Buisson C, Brunetto M, Bucher H, Buchheidt D, Buckling A, Bulpa P, Cambau E, Canducci F, Cantón R, Capobianchi M, Carattoli A, Carcopino X, Cardona-Castro N, Carling PC, Carrat F, Castilla J, Castilletti C, Cavaco L, Cavallo R, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Centrón D, Chappuis F, Charrel R, Chen M, Chevaliez S, Chezzi C, Chomel B, Chowers M, Chryssanthou E, Ciammaruconi A, Ciccozzi M, Cid J, Ciofu O, Cisneros D, Ciufolini MG, Clark C, Clarke SC, Clayton R, Clementi M, Clemons K, Cloeckaert A, Cloud J, Coenye T, Cohen Bacri S, Cohen R, Coia J, Colombo A, Colson P, Concerse P, Cordonnier C, Cormican M, Cornaglia G, Cornely O, Costa S, Cots F, Craxi A, Creti R, Crnich C, Cuenca Estrella M, Cusi MG, d'Ettorre G, da Cruz Lamas C, Daikos G, Dannaoui E, De Barbeyrac B, De Grazia S, de Jager C, de Lamballerie X, de Marco F, del Palacio A, Delpeyroux F, Denamur E, Denis O, Depaquit J, Deplano A, Desenclos JC, Desjeux P, Deutch S, Di Luca D, Dianzani F, Diep B, Diestra K, Dignani C, Dimopoulos G, Divizia M, Doi Y, Dornbusch HJ, Dotis J, Drancourt M, Drevinek P, Dromer F, Dryden M, Dubreuil L, Dubus JC, Dumitrescu O, Dumke R, DuPont H, Edelstein M, Eggimann P, Eis-Huebinger AM, El Atrouni WI, Entenza J, Ergonul O, Espinel-Ingroff A, Esteban J, Etienne J, Fan XG, Fenollar F, Ferrante P, Ferrieri P, Ferry T, Feuchtinger T, Finegold S, Fingerle V, Fitch M, Fitzgerald R, Flori P, Fluit A, Fontana R, Fournier PE, François M, Francois P, Freedman DO, Friedrich A, Gallego L, Gallinella G, Gangneux JP, Gannon V, Garbarg-Chenon A, Garbino J, Garnacho-Montero J, Gatermann S, Gautret P, Gentile G, Gerlich W, Ghannoum M, Ghebremedhin B, Ghigo E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Girgis R, Giske C, Glupczynski Y, Gnarpe J, Gomez-Barrena E, Gorwitz RJ, Gosselin R, Goubau P, Gould E, Gradel K, Gray J, Gregson D, Greub G, Grijalva CG, Groll A, Groschup M, Gutiérrez J, Hackam DG, Hall WA, Hallett R, Hansen S, Harbarth S, Harf-Monteil C, Hasanjani RMR, Hasler P, Hatchette T, Hauser P, He Q, Hedges A, Helbig J, Hennequin C, Herrmann B, Hezode C, Higgins P, Hoesli I, Hoiby N, Hope W, Houvinen P, Hsu LY, Huard R, Humphreys H, Icardi M, Imoehl M, Ivanova K, Iwamoto T, Izopet J, Jackson Y, Jacobsen K, Jang TN, Jasir A, Jaulhac B, Jaureguy F, Jefferies JM, Jehl F, Johnstone J, Joly-Guillou ML, Jonas M, Jones M, Joukhadar C, Kahl B, Kaier K, Kaiser L, Kato H, Katragkou A, Kearns A, Kern W, Kerr K, Kessin R, Kibbler C, Kimberlin D, Kittang B, Klaassen C, Kluytmans J, Ko WC, Koh WJ, Kostrzewa M, Kourbeti I, Krause R, Krcmery V, Krizova P, Kuijper E, Kullberg BJ, Kumar G, Kunin CM, La Scola B, Lagging M, Lagrou K, Lamagni T, Landini P, Landman D, Larsen A, Lass-Floerl C, Laupland K, Lavigne JP, Leblebicioglu H, Lee B, Lee CH, Leggat P, Lehours P, Leibovici L, Leon L, Leonard N, Leone M, Lescure X, Lesprit P, Levy PY, Lew D, Lexau CA, Li SY, Li W, Lieberman D, Lina B, Lina G, Lindsay JA, Livermore D, Lorente L, Lortholary O, Lucet JC, Lund B, Lütticken R, MacLeod C, Madhi S, Maertens J, Maggi F, Maiden M, Maillard JY, Maira-Litran T, Maltezou H, Manian FA, Mantadakis E, Maragakis L, Marcelin AG, Marchaim D, Marchetti O, Marcos M, Markotic A, Martina B, Martínez J, Martinez JL, Marty F, Maurin M, McGee L, Mediannikov O, Meersseman W, Megraud F, Meletiadis J, Mellmann A, Meyer E, Meyer W, Meylan P, Michalopoulos A, Micol R, Midulla F, Mikami Y, Miller RF, Miragaia M, Miriagou V, Mitchell TJ, Miyakis S, Mokrousov I, Monecke S, Mönkemüller K, Monno L, Monod M, Morales G, Moriarty F, Morosini I, Mortensen E, Mubarak K, Mueller B, Mühlemann K, Muñoz Bellido JL, Murray P, Muscillo M, Mylotte J, Naessens A, Nagy E, Nahm MH, Nassif X, Navarro D, Navarro F, Neofytos D, Nes I, Ní Eidhin D, Nicolle L, Niederman MS, Nigro G, Nimmo G, Nordmann P, Nougairède A, Novais A, Nygard K, Oliveira D, Orth D, Ortiz JR, Osherov N, Österblad M, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pagano L, Palamara AT, Pallares R, Panagopoulou P, Pandey P, Panepinto J, Pappas G, Parkins M, Parola P, Pasqualotto A, Pasteran F, Paul M, Pawlotsky JM, Peeters M, Peixe L, Pepin J, Peralta G, Pereyre S, Perfect JR, Petinaki E, Petric M, Pettigrew M, Pfaller M, Philipp M, Phillips G, Pichichero M, Pierangeli A, Pierard D, Pigrau C, Pilishvili T, Pinto F, Pistello M, Pitout J, Poirel L, Poli G, Poppert S, Posfay-Barbe K, Pothier P, Poxton I, Poyart C, Pozzetto B, Pujol M, Pulcini C, Punyadeera C, Ramirez M, Ranque S, Raoult D, Rasigade JP, Re MC, Reilly JS, Reinert R, Renaud B, Rice L, Rich S, Richet H, Rigouts L, Riva E, Rizzo C, Robotham J, Rodicio MR, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez-Bano J, Rogier C, Roilides E, Rolain JM, Rooijakkers S, Rooney P, Rossi F, Rotimi V, Rottman M, Roux V, Ruhe J, Russo G, Sadowy E, Sagel U, Said SI, Saijo M, Sak B, Sa-Leao R, Sanders EAM, Sanguinetti M, Sarrazin C, Savelkoul P, Scheifele D, Schmidt WP, Schønheyder H, Schönrich G, Schrenzel J, Schubert S, Schwarz K, Schwarz S, Sefton A, Segondy M, Seifert H, Seng P, Senneville E, Sexton D, Shafer RW, Shalit I, Shankar N, Shata TM, Shields J, Sibley C, Sicinschi L, Siljander T, Simitsopoulou M, Simoons-Smit AM, Sissoko D, Sjögren J, Skiada A, Skoczynska A, Skov R, Slack M, Sogaard M, Sola C, Soriano A, Sotto A, Sougakoff W, Sougakoff W, Souli M, Spelberg B, Spelman D, Spiliopoulou I, Springer B, Stefani S, Stein A, Steinbach WJ, Steinbakk M, Strakova L, Strenger V, Sturm P, Sullivan P, Sutton D, Symmons D, Tacconelli E, Tamalet C, Tang JW, Tang YW, Tattevin P, Thibault V, Thomsen RW, Thuny F, Tong S, Torres C, Townsend R, Tristan A, Trouillet JL, Tsai HC, Tsitsopoulos P, Tuerlinckx D, Tulkens P, Tumbarello M, Tureen J, Turnidge JD, Turriziani O, Tutuian R, Uçkay I, Upton M, Vabret A, Vamvakas EC, van den Boom D, Van Eldere J, van Leeuwen W, van Strijp J, Van Veen S, Vandamme P, Vandenesch F, Vayssier M, Velin D, Venditti M, Venter M, Venuti A, Vergnaud G, Verheij T, Verhofstede C, Viscoli C, Vizza CD, Vogel U, Waller A, Wang YF, Warn P, Warris A, Wauters G, Weidmann M, Weill FX, Weinberger M, Welch D, Wellinghausen N, Wheat J, Widmer A, Wild F, Willems R, Willinger B, Winstanley C, Witte W, Wolff M, Wong F, Wootton M, Wyllie D, Xu W, Yamamoto S, Yaron S, Yildirim I, Zaoutis T, Zazzi M, Zbinden R, Zehender GG, Zemlickova H, Zerbini ML, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao YD, Zhu Z, Zimmerli W. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hell M, Bernhofer C, Huhulescu S, Indra A, Allerberger F, Maass M, Hakalehto E. P07.11 How safe is colonoscope-reprocessing regarding Clostridium difficile spores? J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fretz R, Pichler J, Sagel U, Much P, Ruppitsch W, Pietzka AT, Stöger A, Huhulescu S, Heuberger S, Appl G, Werber D, Stark K, Prager R, Flieger A, Karpíšková R, Pfaff G, Allerberger F. Update: Multinational listeriosis outbreak due to ‘Quargel’, a sour milk curd cheese, caused by two different L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains, 2009-2010. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.16.19543-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fretz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - J Pichler
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - U Sagel
- Binational Consiliar Laboratory for Listeria, Germany and Austria, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - P Much
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - W Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A T Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stöger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Huhulescu
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Heuberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - G Appl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - D Werber
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - K Stark
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - R Prager
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - A Flieger
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - R Karpíšková
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Pfaff
- State Health Office (LGA) Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
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Fretz R, Pichler J, Sagel U, Much P, Ruppitsch W, Pietzka AT, Stöger A, Huhulescu S, Heuberger S, Appl G, Werber D, Stark K, Prager R, Flieger A, Karpísková R, Pfaff G, Allerberger F. Update: Multinational listeriosis outbreak due to 'Quargel', a sour milk curd cheese, caused by two different L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains, 2009-2010. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19543. [PMID: 20430003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an outbreak of listeriosis in Austria and Germany due to consumption of Quargel cheese. It comprised 14 cases (including five fatalities) infected by a serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes (clone 1), with onset of illness from June 2009 to January 2010. A second strain of L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (clone 2) spread by this product could be linked to further 13 cases in Austria (two fatal), six in Germany (one fatal) and one case in the Czech Republic, with onset of disease from December 2009 to end of February 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fretz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of human listeriosis, a potentially fatal foodborne infection. Clinical manifestations range from febrile gastroenteritis to more severe invasive forms, including sepsis, meningitis, rhombencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortions. In recent years, an increasing rate of listeriosis has been reported in several European countries. These increases primarily reflect a higher rate of bacteraemic listeriosis in those > or =65 years of age, and are not otherwise correlated with geography, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic factors or infectious serotypes. In the late 1980s, an upsurge in listeriosis rates was due to the contamination of a small number of food products. However, a restricted range of strains was responsible for most of the additional cases at that time, and no evidence exists for such a pattern since 2001. From a clinical perspective, the importance of isolating the pathogen as a prerequisite for an accurate epidemiological investigation and ultimately stopping transmission cannot be overemphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Binational Austrian-German Listeria Reference Centre, Spargelfeldstrasse 191, Vienna, Austria.
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Fretz R, Sagel U, Ruppitsch W, Pietzka A, Stoger A, Huhulescu S, Heuberger S, Pichler J, Much P, Pfaff G, Stark K, Prager R, Flieger A, Feenstra O, Allerberger F. Listeriosis outbreak caused by acid curd cheese Quargel , Austria and Germany 2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19477. [PMID: 20144447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an outbreak of listeriosis in Austria and Germany due to the consumption of Quargel cheese produced by an Austrian manufacturer. At the time of writing this report, the outbreak was known to account for 14 outbreak cases in 2009, including four cases with lethal outcome. On 23 January 2010, the cheese product was voluntarily withdrawn from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fretz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria.
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Fretz R, Sagel U, Ruppitsch W, Pietzka AT, Stöger A, Huhulescu S, Heuberger S, Pichler J, Much P, Pfaff G, Stark K, Prager R, Flieger A, Feenstra O, Allerberger F. Listeriosis outbreak caused by acid curd cheese ‘Quargel’, Austria and Germany 2009. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.05.19477-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an outbreak of listeriosis in Austria and Germany due to the consumption of ‘Quargel’ cheese produced by an Austrian manufacturer. At the time of writing this report, the outbreak was known to account for 14 outbreak cases in 2009, including four cases with lethal outcome. On 23 January 2010, the cheese product was voluntarily withdrawn from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fretz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - U Sagel
- Binational Consiliar Laboratory for Listeria, Germany and Austria, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - W Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A T Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stöger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Huhulescu
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Heuberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - J Pichler
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - P Much
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - G Pfaff
- State Health Office (LGA) Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Stark
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - R Prager
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | - A Flieger
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin and Wernigerode, Germany
| | | | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
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Kasper S, Holzmann H, Aberle SW, Wassermann-Neuhold M, Gschiel H, Feenstra O, Allerberger F, Schmid D. Measles outbreak in Styria, Austria, March-May 2009. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.40.19347-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last week of March 2009, five measles cases among students of an anthroposophic school were reported to the public health authorities in the Austrian province of Styria where only five cases had been reported in the whole of 2008. A descriptive epidemiological investigation of the measles outbreak was performed. Between 2 March and 10 May 2009, 37 cases of measles were identified in Styria: 33 confirmed outbreak cases and four probable outbreak cases. The measles outbreak spread from the general population (12 cases) to an anthroposophic community (25 cases). Cases outside of the anthroposophic community were mostly over 10 years of age (10/12). Thirty-five cases were unvaccinated, and two of the 37 had received one dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Following a measles outbreak in Salzburg in 2008 with 394 cases, this outbreak reemphasises the continued need for additional vaccination campaigns in population groups over the age of 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasper
- The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Holzmann
- National Reference Centre for Measles, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S W Aberle
- National Reference Centre for Measles, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - H Gschiel
- Public Health Authority Styria, Graz, Austria
| | - O Feenstra
- Public Health Authority Styria, Graz, Austria
| | - F Allerberger
- The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schmid
- The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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Kasper S, Holzmann H, Aberle SW, Wassermann-Neuhold M, Gschiel H, Feenstra O, Allerberger F, Schmid D. Measles outbreak in Styria, Austria, March-May 2009. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:19347. [PMID: 19822121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last week of March 2009, five measles cases among students of an anthroposophic school were reported to the public health authorities in the Austrian province of Styria where only five cases had been reported in the whole of 2008. A descriptive epidemiological investigation of the measles outbreak was performed. Between 2 March and 10 May 2009, 37 cases of measles were identified in Styria: 33 confirmed outbreak cases and four probable outbreak cases. The measles outbreak spread from the general population (12 cases) to an anthroposophic community (25 cases). Cases outside of the anthroposophic community were mostly over 10 years of age (10/12). Thirty-five cases were unvaccinated, and two of the 37 had received one dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Following a measles outbreak in Salzburg in 2008 with 394 cases, this outbreak reemphasises the continued need for additional vaccination campaigns in population groups over the age of 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasper
- The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Allerberger F, Kufner P, Dierich M. Fall 1883. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Pietzka AT, Indra A, Stoger A, Zeinzinger J, Konrad M, Hasenberger P, Allerberger F, Ruppitsch W. Rapid identification of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by rpoB gene scanning using high-resolution melting curve PCR analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Allerberger F, Kufner P, Dierich M, Schedl W. Fall 2149. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Allerberger F, Fille M, Nachbaur D, Niederwieser D, Dierich M. Fall 2043. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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