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Ansari FA, Hassan H, Ramanna L, Gani KM, Singh K, Rawat I, Gupta SK, Kumari S, Bux F. Recycling air conditioner-generated condensate water for microalgal biomass production and carbon dioxide sequestration. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119917. [PMID: 38183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Air conditioners alleviate the discomfort of human beings from heat waves that are consequences of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities. With each passing year, the effects of global warming worsen, increasing the growth of air conditioning industry. Air conditioning units produce substantial amounts of non-nutritive and (generally) neglected condensate water and greenhouse gases. Considering this, the study explored the potential of using air conditioner condensate water (ACW) to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana, producing biomass, and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). The maximum biomass production was obtained in the BG11 medium (1.45 g L-1), followed by ACW-50 (1.3 g L-1). Similarly, the highest chlorophyll-a content was observed in the BG11 medium (11 μg mL-1), followed by ACW-50 (9.11 μg mL-1). The ACW-50 cultures proved to be better adapted to physiological stress (Fv/Fm > 0.5) and can be suitable for achieving maximum biomass with adequate lipid, protein, and carbohydrate production. Moreover, C. sorokiniana demonstrated higher lipid and carbohydrate yields in the ACW-50 medium, while biomass production and protein yields were comparable to the BG11 medium. The lipid, protein, and carbohydrate productivity were 23.43, 32.9, and 23.19 mg L-1 d-1, respectively for ACW-50. Estimation of carbon capture potential through this approach equals to 9.5% of the total emissions which is an added advantage The results indicated that ACW could be effectively utilized for microalgae cultivation, reducing the reliance on freshwater for large-scale microalgal biomass production and reduce the carbon footprints of the air conditioning industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - H Hassan
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - L Ramanna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - K M Gani
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - K Singh
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - I Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - S K Gupta
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - S Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - F Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Ali SN, Arif A, Ansari FA, Mahmood R. Cytoprotective effect of taurine against sodium chlorate-induced oxidative damage in human red blood cells: an ex vivo study. Amino Acids 2022; 54:33-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ansari FA, Khan AA, Mahmood R. Ameliorative effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine against sodium nitrite induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7032-7044. [PMID: 30368897 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) for various industrial purposes has increased human exposure to alarmingly high levels of nitrate/nitrite. Because NaNO 2 is a strong oxidizing agent, induction of oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms by which it can exert toxicity in humans and animals. We have investigated the possible protection offered by carnosine (CAR) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against NaNO 2 -induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals orally received CAR at 100 mg/kg body weight/d for seven days or NAC at 100 mg/kg body weight/d for five days followed by a single oral dose of NaNO 2 at 60 mg/kg body weight. The rats were killed after 24 hours, and the kidneys were removed and processed for various analyses. NaNO 2 induced oxidative stress in kidneys, as shown by the decreased activities of antioxidant defense, brush border membrane, and metabolic enzymes. DNA-protein crosslinking and DNA fragmentation were also observed. CAR/NAC pretreatment significantly protected the kidney against these biochemical alterations. Histological studies supported these findings, showing kidney damage in NaNO 2 -treated animals and reduced tissue impairment in the combination groups. The protection offered by CAR and NAC against NaNO 2 -induced damage, and their nontoxic nature, makes them potential therapeutic agents against nitrite-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Ansari FA, Khan AA, Mahmood R. Protective effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat intestine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19380-19392. [PMID: 29728968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as food preservative, rampant use of nitrogenous fertilizers for agricultural practices, and improper disposal of nitrogenous wastes have drastically increased human exposure to high nitrite levels causing various health disorders and death. In the present study, the protective effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against NaNO2-induced intestinal toxicity in rats was investigated. Animals were given a single acute oral dose of NaNO2 at 60 mg/kg body weight with or without prior administration of either carnosine at 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 days or NAC at 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 5 days. Rats were killed after 24 h, and intestinal preparations were used for the evaluation of biochemical alterations and histological abrasions. Administration of NaNO2 alone decreased the activities of intestinal brush border membrane and metabolic enzymes and significantly weakened the anti-oxidant defense system. DNA damage was also evident as observed by increased DNA-protein crosslinking and fragmentation. However, prior administration of carnosine or NAC significantly ameliorated NaNO2-induced damage in intestinal cells. Histological studies support these biochemical results, showing intestinal damage in NaNO2-treated animals and reduced tissue injury in the combination groups. The intrinsic anti-oxidant properties of carnosine and NAC must have contributed to the observed mitigation of nitrite-induced metabolic alterations and oxidative damage. Based on further validation from clinical trials, carnosine and NAC can potentially be used as chemo-preventive agents against NaNO2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
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Ansari FA, Ali SN, Khan AA, Mahmood R. Acute oral dose of sodium nitrite causes redox imbalance and DNA damage in rat kidney. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3744-3754. [PMID: 29240267 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) is widely used as a food additive and preservative in fish and meat products. We have evaluated the effect of a single acute oral dose of NaNO2 on oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant capacity, and DNA in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and given single oral dose of NaNO2 at 20, 40, 60, and 75 mg/kg body weight; untreated rats served as the control group. All animals in NaNO2 -treated groups showed marked alterations in various parameters of oxidative stress as compared to the control group. This included increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels, and decrease in reduced glutathione content and antioxidant capacity. Administration of NaNO2 also increased DNA damage as evident from release of free nucleotides and confirmed by comet assay. It also led to greater cross-linking of DNA to proteins. Histological analysis showed marked morphological changes in the kidney of NaNO2 -treated animals. These alterations could be due to increased free radical generation or direct chemical modification by reaction intermediates. Our results suggest that nitrite-induced nephrotoxicity is mediated through redox imbalance and results in DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
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Ansari FA, Mahmood R. Carnosine and N-acetyl cysteine protect against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress in rat blood. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:281-293. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh 202002 UP India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh 202002 UP India
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Ansari FA, Ali SN, Mahmood R. Taurine mitigates nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation and oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:19086-19097. [PMID: 28660510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is present as a noxious contaminant in drinking water and causes oxidative damage in various tissues of humans and animals. It is a well-known methemoglobin-forming agent that has been shown to damage blood cells. The protective effect of taurine, a semi-essential sulfur-containing amino acid, was studied on sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were incubated with NaNO2, in the presence and absence of taurine, and changes in oxidative stress parameters determined. Pretreatment with taurine significantly ameliorated NaNO2-induced oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and plasma membrane. It also reduced the NaNO2-induced increase in methemoglobin levels and ROS production. Taurine improved the antioxidant capacity of cells, restored the alterations in the activities of various metabolic enzymes, and prevented morphological changes in erythrocytes. Thus, taurine can be potentially used as a protective agent against the damaging effects of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India
| | - Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India.
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Ali SN, Ansari FA, Arif H, Mahmood R. Sodium chlorate induces DNA damage and DNA-protein cross-linking in rat intestine: A dose dependent study. Chemosphere 2017; 177:311-316. [PMID: 28319884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is widely used in paper and pulp industries and as a non-selective herbicide. It is also a major by-product generated upon disinfection of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. In this study, we have investigated the genotoxicity of NaClO3 on the small intestine of rats. Adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: one control and four NaClO3 treated groups. The NaClO3 treated groups were given a single acute oral dose of NaClO3 (100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 24 h later. Administration of NaClO3 caused significant DNA damage in a dose dependent manner in the rat intestine. This was evident from the comet assay which showed DNA strand breaks and was further confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and release of free nucleotides. Increased DNA protein cross-linking in NaClO3 administered groups showed formation of a critical lesion which hampers activities of proteins/enzymes involved in DNA repair, transcription and replication. Thus, oral administration of NaClO3 induces DNA damage in the rat intestine, probably through chlorate induced production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Hussain Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
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Ali SN, Ansari FA, Khan AA, Mahmood R. Sodium chlorate, a major water disinfection byproduct, alters brush border membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and impairs antioxidant system of Wistar rat intestine. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1607-1616. [PMID: 28084674 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium chlorate (NaClO3 ) is a widely used nonselective herbicide. It is also generated as a by-product during disinfection of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaClO3 on rat intestine. Adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control and remaining four groups were administered orally different doses of NaClO3 and sacrificed 24 h after the treatment. The administration of NaClO3 produced acute oxidative stress in the intestine, which manifested in the form of markedly enhanced malondialdehyde levels and carbonyl content and lowered total sulfhydryl groups and glutathione levels. The activities of several brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes were greatly reduced as compared to control. There were alterations in the activities of various enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and those involved in maintaining the antioxidant defense system. Histological studies support the biochemical results showing NaClO3 dose-dependent increase in tissue damage. Thus, the present study shows that oral administration of NaClO3 decreases the activities of BBM enzymes, induces oxidative stress, alters metabolic pathways, and impairs the antioxidant system of rat intestine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1607-1616, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
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Ansari FA, Ali SN, Mahmood R. Crocin protects human erythrocytes from nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation and oxidative damage. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1320-1331. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
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Ansari FA, Mahmood R. Sodium nitrite enhances generation of reactive oxygen species that decrease antioxidant power and inhibit plasma membrane redox system of human erythrocytes. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:887-94. [PMID: 27214747 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite/nitrate salts are used in fertilizers and as food preservatives. Human exposure to high levels of nitrite results in its uptake and subsequent entry into blood where it can interact with erythrocytes. We show that treatment of human erythrocytes with sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) results in a dose-dependent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. This was accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant power which lowered the free radical quenching and metal-reducing ability. NaNO2 treatment also inhibited plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) of erythrocytes. These changes increase the susceptibility of erythrocytes to oxidative damage, decrease the antioxidant power of whole blood, and can be a major cause of nitrite-induced cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002,, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002,, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ansari FA, Mahmood R. Sodium Nitrate Induces Reactive Oxygen Species That Lower the Antioxidant Power, Damage the Membrane, and Alter Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in Human Erythrocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:10372-10379. [PMID: 26586154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate salts are widely used as food additives and nitrogenous fertilizers and are present as contaminants in drinking water supplies. The effect of different concentrations (1-15 mM) of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) on human erythrocytes was studied under in vitro conditions. Treatment of erythrocytes with NaNO3 resulted in increases in methemoglobin levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation and a decrease in glutathione content. There were changes in the activities of all major antioxidant defense enzymes, and the pathways of glucose metabolism were also affected. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) took place while the antioxidant power was impaired. The osmotic fragility of cells was increased, and membrane-bound enzymes were greatly inhibited. All changes were statistically significant at a probability level of P < 0.05 at all concentrations of NaNO3 except the lowest (1 mM). Thus, NaNO3 generates ROS that cause significant damage to human erythrocytes and interfere in normal cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ansari FA, Ali SN, Mahmood R. Sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and alters major metabolic pathways in human erythrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1878-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Trivedi AK, Ahmad I, Musthapa MS, Ansari FA. Environmental contamination of chrysotile asbestos and its toxic effects on antioxidative system of Lemna gibba. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 52:355-62. [PMID: 17354032 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos was monitored in various plant samples around an asbestos cement factory. Asbestos residue was found on the surface of all plant samples monitored. Based on asbestos concentration found in different plant samples during monitoring and on the property of asbestos to cause reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress in animal models, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of chrysotile asbestos on an aquatic macrophyte, duckweed (Lemna gibba.). L. gibba plants were exposed to four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 microg/mL) of chrysotile asbestos under laboratory conditions, and alterations in the glutathione and ascorbate antioxidative system were estimated at postexposure days 7, 14, 21, and 28 in order to assess changes in their level as suitable biomarkers of chrysotile contamination. Chrysotile exposure caused a decrease in total and reduced glutathione and an enhancement in the oxidized glutathione as well as the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. An increase in ascorbate pool size, and reduced as well as oxidized ascorbate was found to be accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of reduced/oxidized ascorbate. Alteration in the glutathione and ascorbate level might be considered as a biomarker of exposure to an unsafe environment because these are essential compounds of the general antioxidative strategy to overcome oxidative stress due to environmental constraints. Because an increase in the oxidation rate of antioxidants weakens cellular defenses and indicates a precarious state, they could constitute indicators of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Trivedi
- Department of Life Science, Amity School of Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Super Express Highway, Sector - 125, Noida, India.
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Ansari FA, Bihari V, Rastogi SK, Ashquin M, Ahmad I. Environmental health survey in asbestos cement sheets manufacturing industry. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2007; 11:15-20. [PMID: 21957367 PMCID: PMC3168106 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 673 small-scale asbestos mining and milling facilities and 33 large - scale asbestos manufacturing plants, (17 asbestos-cement product manufacturing plants and 16 other than asbestos-cement product plants) are situated in India. The present study reveals the exposure of commercial asbestos (chrysotile) in the occupational as well as ambient air environment of the asbestos-cement (AC) sheets industry using membrane filter method of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The fibre concentrations in 15 samples collected in the occupational environment at ingredient feeding site, sheet-producing site, fibre godown were 0.079, 0.057 and 0.078 f/cc, respectively and in five samples from surrounding ambient air at factory gate resulted fibre concentration of 0.071 f/cc. All the samples have shown fibre concentration lower than the threshold limit values (TLVs) prescribed by BIS. Morphological analysis of samples, further under phase contrast and polarized microscopy indicates the presence of chrysotile asbestos, which acts as carcinogen as well as co-carcinogen. A clinical examination of exposed subjects reveals that there was no case of clubbing, crepitation, ronchi and dyspnea on exertion; however, obstruction and restriction were 10.9 per cent and 25 per cent in exposed subjects, respectively while in control there were 12 per cent and 28 per cent, respectively. The study revealed that chrysotile asbestos is emitted in the occupational as well as ambient environment that may cause adverse health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow - 226 001 (U.P.), India
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Trivedi AK, Ahmad I, Musthapa MS, Ansari FA, Rahman Q. Environmental contamination of chrysotile asbestos and its toxic effects on growth and physiological and biochemical parameters of Lemna gibba. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 47:281-289. [PMID: 15386121 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-3161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos was monitored in water, sediment, and aquatic plant samples around an asbestos cement factory. Based on asbestos concentration found in aquatic plants during monitoring, and the propensity of asbestos to cause oxidative stress in animal models, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess toxicity of chrysotile asbestos on an aquatic macrophyte, duckweed (Lemna gibba). L. gibba plants were exposed to two concentrations of chrysotile asbestos (0.5 microg and 5.0 microg chrysotile in 5.0 microl double distilled water) twice per week during a period of 28 days and cultured in medium containing 0.1 g chrysotile/L. Control plants were cultured in medium without chrysotile asbestos. Effect of chrysotile exposure on certain growth and physiological and biochemical parameters was evaluated. An inhibition effect of chrysotile exposure was found on the number of fronds, root length, and biomass. Similar alterations in contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, total free sugar, starch, and protein were also found. Contrary to effect on these parameters, a dose- and time-dependent increase in efflux of electrolytes, lipid peroxidation, cellular hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity was found. The results indicate oxidative stress and phytotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos on duckweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Trivedi
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P. B. No. 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Ahmed A, Jameel N, Ansari FA, Khatoon H. Multiple antibiotic resistance among gram negative bacteria isolated from milk in Karachi. Pak J Pharm Sci 2001; 14:25-31. [PMID: 16414849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 100 Gram negative bacteria isolated from milk in Karachi were screened for their resistance to eleven commonly used antibiotics. The concentration of antibiotics used was 100 microg/ml. About 46% were found to resist antibiotics at the concentration of 100 microg/ml giving different patterns. The resistant bacteria were tested for the presence of R plasmids, both transferable and non-transferable, by conjugation, spontaneous segregation and curing with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Among the resistant bacteria tested, eight were found to carry non-transferable R plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Ansari FA, Khatoon H. A survey of antibiotic resistance among E. coli strains isolated from poultry in Karachi. Pak J Pharm Sci 1999; 12:7-14. [PMID: 16414821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to investigate the incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance among E .coli (total 152) isolated from poultry in Karachi to eight commonly used antibiotics: ampicillin (A), chloramphenicol (C), gentamycin (G), anamycin (K), neomycin (N), polymyxin B (P), streptomycin (S) and tetracycline (T) at the levels of 50 microg/ml, 100 microg/ml and 500 microg/ml. Tables of the results are given, showing the number of resistant strains of different patterns of antibiotic resistance at different levels. A comparison of antibiotic resistance to different number of antibiotics and the frequency of resistance to individual antibiotic at different levels is also reported. The highest frequency of resistance was against tetracycline whereas the lowest frequency of resistance was against gentamycin. Thirty R plasmids were isolated from the resistant strains and will be reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Ansari FA, Khatoon H. Colicin production/resistance associated with R-plasmids of Gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry in Karachi. Pak J Pharm Sci 1998; 11:23-6. [PMID: 16414807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
R plasmids of Gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry in Karachi were studied for their properties of colicin production and resistance. Of 39 R plasmids studied, 23 resisted colicin where as only one R-plasmid produced colicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270
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Ansari FA, Khatoon H. Curing of R plasmids present in gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry in Karachi by ethidium bromide. Pak J Pharm Sci 1997; 10:13-6. [PMID: 16414797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
R plasmids of Gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry in Karachi were studied for their curing by ethidium bromide (EBr) in E. coli AB 712. Of 12 R plasmids studied, 3 were lost by treatment with ethidium bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270
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Ansari FA, Khatoon H. Multiple antibiotic resistance among gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry. Indian J Exp Biol 1994; 32:211-2. [PMID: 8070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gram negative bacteria, including species of Salmonella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella, isolated from poultry, were screened for their resistance to the commonly used antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline. Of the 500 bacteria screened, 351 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics at the level of 50 micrograms/ml. Various patterns of antibiotic resistance observed during these studies have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
Acute and chronic ethanol ingestion causes a variety of pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, including gross morphological lesions and functional changes. We review whether these alterations also include changes in protein turnover, to explain the frequently observed villus atrophy and smooth muscle myopathy. The possibility that different regions of the gastrointestinal tract express diverse sensitivities is explored. Acute ethanol dosage profoundly reduced the synthesis of proteins in proximal regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract, but distal regions were less affected. In response to chronic ethanol exposure, similar regional sensitivities of the intestine were observed. In chronic studies the small intestine effects were characterised by selective losses of RNA, principally from the stomach and jejunum. We speculate whether the effects on protein synthesis were primarily due to ethanol or the consequence of acetaldehyde formation. We also determined whether changes in protein synthesis occurred secondary to alterations in nucleotide composition. The possible mediation by free-radical formation or impaired antioxidant status are also discussed. The overall results indicate that both acetaldehyde and ethanol are potent protein synthetic inhibitors and may contribute to the genesis of intestinal myopathy, possibly contributing towards motility disturbances and secondary malnutrition via malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Preedy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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