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C.H. S, M B, A P, Naik HR, Naik NM, Rao SN, Moussa IM, Alsubki RA, Ullah F, Elansary HO, B K. Investigation on the insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts as an alternative source for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29060. [PMID: 38623187 PMCID: PMC11016625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Spodoptera frugiperda is a notorious pest with a broad host range. It severely damages crops, mainly in areas of the globewhere maize and sorghum are grown. The pest is difficult to control due to its adaptive nature and resistance to several insecticides available in the market. So, an identification of the alternative strategy is the prime important in the present context. Insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated in the laboratory as a biocomponent against S. frugiperda. The crude extracts of Nostoc muscorum and Spirulina sp. were prepared by using ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether solvents. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction. S. frugiperda larvae in their second instar were given access to fragments of maize leaf that had been treated with various cyanobacterial extracts. The findings displayed that the petroleum ether extract of N. muscorum had the lowest LC50 value of 155.22 ppm, followed by petroleum ether extracts of Spirulina, ethanol extract of N. Muscorum, methanol extract of N. muscorum, ethanol and methanol extract of Spirulina with an LC50 values of 456.02, 710, 780, 1050 and 1070 ppm respectively. Later, the effect of LC50 values on many biological parameters like the larval duration and pupal stages, the percentage of pupation, the weight of the pupal stage, the malformation of the pupal and adult stages, adult emergence percentage, fertility and the longevity of the male and female adult stages of S. frugiperda was examined. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the crude extract to identify the bioactive components that were responsible for the insecticidal properties. The major compounds detected were diethyl phthalate (19.87 %), tetradecane (5.03%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (4.10 %), dodecane (4.03%), octadecane (3.72%), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.40 %), ethyl oleate (3.11 %), methyl ester. octadecenoic acid (3.04 %), heptadecane (3.04 %) and phytol (3.02 %). The presence of several bioactive chemicals in the cyanobacterial extracts may be the reason for their insecticidal actions, thus it can be used as an alternative and new source to combat fall armyworm and other crop pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanappa C.H.
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhuraj A
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Harischandra R. Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj M. Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Saroja N. Rao
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ihab Mohamed Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kariyanna B
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
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Khan W, Zhu Y, Khan A, Zhao L, Yang YM, Wang N, Hao M, Ma Y, Nepal J, Ullah F, Rehman MMU, Abrar M, Xiong YC. Above-and below-ground feedback loop of maize is jointly enhanced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drier soil. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170417. [PMID: 38280611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a potent abiotic stressor that arrests crop growth, significantly affecting crop health and yields. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can offer to protect plants from stressful environments through improving water, and nutrient use efficiency by strengthening plant root structure and harnessing favorable rhizosphere environments. When Acaulospora laevis (AMF) and Bacillus subtilus (PGPR) are introduced in combination, enhanced root growth and beneficial microbial colonization can mitigate drought stress. To assess this potential, a pot experiment was done with maize (Zea mays L.) to explore the effects of A. laevis and B. subtilus under different water levels (well-watered = 80 %; moderate water stress = 55 %; and severe water stress = 35 %) on maize yield, soil microbial activities, nutrients contents, root, and leaf functioning. Plants exposed to severe drought stress hampered their root and leaf functioning, and reduced grain yield compared with control plants. Combined use of AMF and PGPR increased root colonization (104.6 %-113.2 %) and microbial biomass carbon (36.38 %-40.23 %) under moderate to severe drought conditions over control. Higher root colonization was strongly linked with elevated ACC (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) production, subsequently enhancing water use efficiency (21.62 %-12.77 %), root hydraulic conductivity (1.9 %-1.4 %) and root nutrient uptake under moderate to severe drought conditions. Enhanced nutrient uptake further promoted leaf photosynthetic rate by 27.3 %-29.8 % under moderate and severe drought stress. Improving leaf and root physiological functioning enhanced maize grain yield under stressful environments. Furthermore, co-inoculation with AMF-PGPR reduced cellular damage by lowering oxidative enzyme levels and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities, improving plant performance and grain yield under stressful environments. Conclusively, the synergistic interaction of AMF with PGPR ensured plant stress tolerance by reducing cellular injury, facilitating root-leaf functioning, enhancing nutrient-water-use-efficiencies, and increasing yield under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Aziz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jaya Nepal
- Department of Soil, Water & Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Uzamurera AG, Zhao ZY, Wang PY, Wei YX, Mo F, Zhou R, Wang WL, Ullah F, Khan A, Xiong XB, Li MY, Wesly K, Wang WY, Tao HY, Xiong YC. Thickness effects of polyethylene and biodegradable film residuals on soil properties and dryland maize productivity. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138602. [PMID: 37028722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film residuals are increasingly remaining in cultivated lands. However, it is a critical issue how residual plastic type and thickness affect soil properties and crop yield. To address this issue, in situ landfill was conducted using thick polyethylene (PEt1), thin polyethylene (PEt2), thick biodegradable (BIOt1), thin biodegradable (BIOt2) residues, and CK (control) with no residues landfill in a semiarid maize field. The findings demonstrated that the impact of various treatments on soil characteristics and maize yield varied considerably. Soil water content decreased by 24.82% in PEt1 and 25.43% in PEt2, compared to BIOt1 and BIOt2, respectively. BIOt2 treatment increased soil bulk density by 1.31 g cm-3 and lowered soil porosity by 51.11%, respectively; it also elevated the silt/clay proportion by 49.42% relative to CK. In contrast, microaggregate composition in PEt2 was higher (43.02%). Moreover, BIOt2 lowered soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) content. Compared with other treatments, BIOt2 resulted in significantly higher soil total nitrogen (STN) and lower SOC/STN. Finally, BIOt2 exhibited the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) (20.57 kg ha-1 mm-1) and yield (6896 kg ha-1) among all the treatments. Therefore, BIO film residues exhibited detrimental impacts on soil quality and maize productivity compared to PE film ones. Considering film thickness, thin residual films more evidently influenced soil quality and maize productivity than thick film ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Grace Uzamurera
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ze-Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yong-Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Aziz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kiprotich Wesly
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Sarwar G, Anwar T, Chaudhary MS, Jamil M, Kamal A, Mustafa AEZMA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ullah F, Zaman W. Study of Comparative Morphology of Eight Cultivated Genotypes of Olea europaea L. Horticulturae 2023; 9:696. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the comparative morphology of eight olive cultivars with different geographical origins and diverse genetic backgrounds, introduced to a new climatic zone. The morphological parameters of eight (five exotic and three domestic) olive cultivars (Bari Zaitoon-1, Bari Zaitoon-2, Favolosa (FS-17), Koroneiki, Balkasar, Ottobratica, Leccino, and Arbequina) were compared at the experimental area of the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (29°24′0″ North, 71°41′0″ East, 401–421 feet above sea level). Plant height, number of leaves/15 cm shoot, leaf size characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and length/width ratio), leaf shape characteristics (margin, leaf axil, base, and apex angles), leaf pigments (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, and carotenoids), phyllotaxy, and leaf color and venation were recorded. The highest plant height (28 cm) was obtained by Bari Zaitoon-2 followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 (24 cm), both of which are domestic cultivar of Pakistan, while the shortest height (5 cm) was obtained by Koroneiki. Leccino displayed the highest average number of leaves (17.8) on main shoot, followed by BARI-2 (16.4) and the lowest score was from Balkasar (10.4). Leaf area ranged from 5.66 cm2 (Bari Zaitoon-1) to 3.08 cm2 (Koroneiki). The longest leaf length (5.74 cm) was found in Bari Zaitoon-1 and the shortest (4.04 cm) in Koroneiki, while the broadest leaves were found in Leccino (1.54 cm) and the narrowest (1.12 cm) in Koroneiki. Bari Zaitoon-2 led in leaf length to width ratio (4.058) followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 (3.772) with small lanceolate leaves hardly reaching the value of 4, with the lowest value illustrated by Leccino. The total chloroplast pigments were highest in FS-17 followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 and Bari Zaitoon-2, while the lowest was in Arbequina. Chlorophyll a was highest in Bari Zaitoon-1 followed by FS-17 and Balkasar, with the lowest rate in Arbequina. Chlorophyll b content of FS-17 was the highest whereas the Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents in Arbequina were the lowest of all the cultivars. The highest value of total carotenoids was found in Balkasar followed by FS-17 with the lowest value in Arbequina. The phyllotaxy was categorized into three types, i.e., alternate, opposite, and whorled. The combination of two or more types was usually observed on the same branch. The whorl of four leaves was also present in rare cases. Leaf venation was both pinnate and reticulate. The leaf base of most (four) of the olive cultivars, i.e., Arbequina, Balkasar, Leccino and FS-17, were cuneate having acute, rounded, apiculate, and cuspidate leaf tips, respectively. The findings revealed remarkable variations in olive morphology, especially in the leaves and a successful record of the preliminary data of olive cultivars from the study area was made. The present research demonstrated that local olive cultivars have unique characteristics that differentiate them from imported cultivars. Thus, local cultivars provide novel genetic resources that should be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Sarwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Moazzam Jamil
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Bahar T, Qurashi F, Haider MS, Rahat MA, Akbar F, Israr M, Ali A, Ullah Z, Ullah F, El-Sheikh MA, Casini R, Elansary HO. Unveiling Lathyrus aphaca L. as a Newly Identified Host for Begomovirus Infection: A Comprehensive Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1221. [PMID: 37372401 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Begomovirus genus of the family Geminiviridae comprises the largest group of geminiviruses. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly complex (Bemisia tabaci) and infect dicotyledonous plants in tropical and subtropical regions. The list of begomoviruses is continuously increasing as a result of improvements in the methods for identification, especially from weed plants, which are considered a source of new viruses and reservoirs of economically important viruses but are often neglected during diversity studies. Lathyrus aphaca L. weed plants (yellow-flowered pea) with varicose veins and discoloration of the leaves were found. Amplified genomic DNA through rolling circular amplification was subjected to PCR analysis for the detection of the viral genome and associated DNA-satellites (alphasatellites and betasatellites). A full-length sequence (2.8 kb) of a monopartite begomovirus clone was determined; however, we could not find any associated DNA satellites. The amplified full-length clone of Rose leaf curl virus (RoLCuV) reserved all the characteristics and features of an Old World (OW) monopartite begomovirus. Furthermore, it is the first time it has been reported from a new weed host, yellow-flowered pea. Rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction analysis of associated DNA satellites, alphasatellite, and betasatellite, were frequently accomplished but unable to amplify from the begomovirus-infected samples, indicating the presence of only monopartite Old World begomovirus. It is observed that RoLCuV has the capability to infect different hosts individually without the assistance of any DNA satellite component. Recombination in viruses is also a source of begomovirus infection in different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Bahar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Forestry, Range & Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fasiha Qurashi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Forestry, Range & Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology, Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Haider
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Murad Ali Rahat
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Fatima I, Safdar N, Akhtar W, Munir A, Saqib S, Ayaz A, Bahadur S, Alrefaei AF, Ullah F, Zaman W. Evaluation of potential inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, pancreatic lipase, and cancer cell lines using raw leaves extracts of three fabaceae species. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15909. [PMID: 37206037 PMCID: PMC10189167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the biological potential and phytochemicals of Sophora mollis, Mucuna pruriens, and Indigofera atropurpurea methanolic leaf extracts. In vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-lipase assays were performed using different concentrations of plant extracts, and the IC50 values were determined. The cytotoxic potential of the selected plant extracts was assessed against HeLa, PC3, and 3T3 cell lines using an MTT assay. S. mollis leaf extract displayed the highest inhibition percentage (114.60% ± 19.95 at 1000 μg/mL) for the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with a prominent IC50 value of 75.9 μg/mL. The anti-lipase potential was highest with the M. pruriens leaf extract (355.5 μg/mL IC50), followed by the S. mollis extract (862.7 μg/mL IC50). Among the cell lines tested, the cytotoxic potential of the I. atropurpurea extract (91.1 ppm IC50) against the PC3 cell line was promising. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, rutin trihydrate, and quercetin dihydrate in varying concentrations in all plant species. The concentration of chlorogenic acid (69.09 ppm) was highest in M. pruriens, and the caffeic acid concentration (45.20 ppm) was higher in S. mollis. This paper reports the presence of bioactive therapeutic compounds in selected species of the Fabaceae family that could be micro-propagated, isolated, and utilized in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Naila Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Wuzhishan Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | | | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Zaman W, Ullah F, Park S. Foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of Apiaceae species endemic to Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, Republic of Korea. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37083080 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of the two endemic Apiaceae species of Korea Bupleurum latissimum Nakai and Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag. were investigated. The taxonomically important characteristics of these two species were identified and described to help understand their classical taxonomy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the anatomical characteristics of the studied species in detail. The comparative foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics were observed in the present research for the two-endemic species. Some of the most important foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics were observed to distinguish them, including the epidermal cell shape and size, stomata type, and trichomes shape and size. SEM provided sufficient evidence to distinguish the study species. The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics provide sufficient information to differentiate these two species from their closely related taxa. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Apiaceae species endemic to Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands exhibit unique foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics that can be used for taxonomic identification and classification. This study contributes to the documentation of the plant diversity of Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, and highlights the need for further research on the biogeography and conservation of these endemic plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Sher J, Jan G, Israr M, Irfan M, Yousuf N, Ullah F, Rauf A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M. Biological Characterization of Polystichum lonchitis L. for Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities in Swiss Albino Mice Model. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1455. [PMID: 37050081 PMCID: PMC10096758 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polystichum lonchitis L. is a fern belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae. The present study was conducted to evaluate its pharmacological, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties, and to conduct GC-MS screening of P. lonchitis. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, yeast-induced hyperpyrexia method, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, and charcoal meal test model were carried out to assess analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activity, respectively. DPPH was used as an antioxidant, while the phytochemical screening was conducted using standard scientific methods. Among the pharmacological activities, the most significant effects were observed in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, followed by the antipyretic and antispasmodic activities, at a dose of 450 mg/kg after the 4th hour, compared with 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. For the evaluation of antioxidant activities, the most significant results were detected in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. The detection of flavonoids and phenol occurred most significantly in the methanolic extract, and then in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The main compounds detected using GC-MS analysis with a high metabolic rate was 𝛼-D-Galactopyranoside, which had a metabolic rate of 0.851, and methyl and n-hexadecanoic, which had a metabolic rate of 0.972. Overall, the results suggested that P. lonchitis had a strong potential for pharmacological activities. The suggested assessment provided a way to isolate the bioactive constituents and will help to provide new medicines with fewer side effects. Due to the fern's effectiveness against various diseases, the results provide clear evidence that they also have the potential to cure various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforest and Asian Elephant, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Botany, Government Post Graduate College Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MI 63110, USA
| | - Nighat Yousuf
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Saqib S, Ullah F, Naeem M, Younas M, Ayaz A, Ali S, Zaman W. Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196728. [PMID: 36235263 PMCID: PMC9572119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor diet, resulting in malnutrition, is a critical challenge that leads to a variety of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Mentha species are famous as therapeutic herbs and have long served as herbal medicine. Recently, the demand for its products, such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations, has increased significantly. However, the available literature lacks a thorough overview of Mentha phytochemicals' effects for reducing malnutritional risks against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, we aimed to review the recent advances of Mentha phytochemicals and future challenges for reducing malnutritional risks in cardiovascular patients. Current studies indicated that Mentha species phytochemicals possess unique antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant potential, which can be used as herbal medicine directly or indirectly (such as food ingredients) and are effective in controlling and curing cardiovascular diseases. The presence of aromatic and flavor compounds of Mentha species greatly enhance the nutritional values of the food. Further interdisciplinary investigations are pivotal to explore main volatile compounds, synergistic actions of phytochemicals, organoleptic effects, and stability of Mentha sp. phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Saqib
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- China Sinovita Bioengineering Group, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (W.Z.)
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10
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Zaman W, Ullah F, Parmar G, Saqib S, Ayaz A, Park S. Foliar micromorphology of selected medicinal Lamiaceae taxa and their taxonomic implication using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3217-3236. [PMID: 35716090 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this research, 25 medicinally used Lamiaceae species belonging to 20 genera have been studied and identified for the nine disorders. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for qualitative and quantitative morphological character identification. The micromorphological characters observed here were important for distinguishing the studied taxa. The highest medicinal values were reported for Vitex negundo and Scutellaria baicalensis for all considered categories except urinary and otorhinolaryngology disorders. The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics revealed that the micromorphological features of the Lamiaceae species provide taxonomically significant and accurate identification information to delimitate the family species. Moreover, we focused on both qualitative (epidermal cell shape, stomata type, stomatal pore shape, subsidiary cell shape, glandular trichomes, and non-glandular trichome shape) as well as quantitative features (epidermal cell size, stomata size, stomatal pore size, subsidiary cell size, and trichomes size). The trichomes diversity was different in most species' on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. In most species, anomocytic stomata were observed, but other types such as diacytic, paracytic, and tetracytic type stomata were also examined. The diverse pattern of anatomical characters suggests that the studied taxa provide insight evidence for the taxonomic observation of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae. This work sets an avenue for future research and taxonomic exploration of medicinal flora through microscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Saddam Saqib
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Alam I, Ullah F, Ijaz MU. The evaluation of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaf extract inclusion in freezing medium on quality parameters of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Cryo Letters 2022; 43:91-98. [PMID: 36626150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discrepancy between the endogenous antioxidants concentrations and free radicals results in oxidative stress and cellular injury. OBJECTIVE To appraise the usefulness of Rosemarinus officinalis (RO) aqueous extract in protecting buffalo spermatozoa during freezing / thawing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualifying ejaculates from four well-restrained bulls were evaluated initially and then diluted in a freezing medium supplemented with RO-0.0, RO-0.5 %, RO-1.0%, RO-2.0 %, and RO-4.0 %, cooled to 4 degree C in 2 h, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 degree C, packed in straws, and cryopreserved, and thawed at 37 degree C for 30 s followed by evaluation. RESULTS We found that freezing medium supplemented with RO-2.0 % improves progressive motility (%) compared to the control. Similarly, a lower rate of apoptosis-like changes (%) was recorded with RO-4.0 % than the control, RO-0.5 % and RO-1.0 %. This response was accompanied by an increment in viable spermatozoa. Semen samples supplemented with RO-2.0 % and RO-4.0 % displayed higher TAC (total antioxidant capacity, uM per L) and ATP (nmol/million) content than the control. In addition, semen samples supplemented with RO-2.0 % displayed lower concentrations of ROS (reactive oxygen species, 104 RLU/20 min/25 million) than the control and RO-0.05 %. Also LPO (lipid peroxidation, uM per L) with RO-2.0 % and RO-4.0 % was lower than the control. CONCLUSION The inclusion of rosemary aqueous extract ameliorates motility features, structural and functional parameters, viability, TAC and ATP content of bull sperm. Conversely, the inclusion of rosemary aqueous extract alleviates apoptosis-like changes, ROS and LPO in comparison to the control. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of action of rosemary aqueous extract in ameliorating semen quality and fertility of buffalo spermatozoa. doi.org/10.54680/fr22210110712.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - S Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Alam
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - F Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - M U Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Ullah F, Muhammad S, Ali W. Radon concentration and potential risks assessment through hot springs water consumption in the Gilgit and Chitral, Northern Pakistan. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132323. [PMID: 34563776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration of radon (222Rn) in hot springs water. For this purpose, 222Rn concentration was measured using the RAD7 (Durridge Company, USA) in the water of hot springs located in Tata Pani, Gilgit (n = 4), and Garam Chashma, Chitral (n = 6), northern Pakistan. Water samples from the springs (background, n = 3) were also collected and analyzed for 222Rn concentration 40-50 km away from the hot springs in Gilgit and Chitral, northern Pakistan, to be used as background/reference concentration. The determined 222Rn in hot springs water surpassed the threshold of maximum contamination level (MCL, 11.1 Bq/L) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) in 100% samples collected from Tata Pani, Gilgit, and Garam Chashma, Chitral sites. Soil 222Rn along with the hot springs exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing distance. 222Rn concentration in hot springs water was used to calculate the exposure doses of human health through ingestion and inhalation pathways. The total effective dose for human (EWT) of 222Rn contaminated water consumption was 626 μSv/a in the Tata Pani, Gilgit and 34.7 μSv/a in the Garam Chashma, Chitral. Results revealed that hot springs water in the Tata Pani, Gilgit had surpassed the threshold limit (100 μSv/a) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study concluded that hot springs water should be avoided for drinking and other domestic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Wajid Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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13
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Liao M, Ullah F, Deng HN, Zhang JY, Xu B, Gao XF. Pollen morphology of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1723-1741. [PMID: 34951081 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) is one of the taxonomically challenging genera with high economic and medical values. In this study, the pollen morphology of 43 samples of 27 species, 4 subspecies, and 4 varieties of the genus Sophora and 3 closely related genera was examined using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the pollen diversity of the genus and its taxonomic significance. Pollen grains of the studied species were tricolporate (rarely six-aperture), and pollen shape varied from suboblate, spheroidal, subprolate to prolate. Echinate external ornamentation was reported for the first time in some species of the genus. Aperture membrane ornamentation and outline in a polar/equatorial view were described for the first time in the genus. Principal component analysis was used to understand the relationship and discrimination between the species and the genera, with six components accounting for 79.92% of the total variance. Taxonomic keys based on pollen morphology were also constructed to easily identify the taxa of the genus through palynological characteristics. Results showed that pollen morphology alone is not sufficient to elucidate or reconstruct taxonomic relationships within the genus Sophora, but palynological assessments can provide some useful information for identifying taxonomically problematic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Ning Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Shafqat N, Shahzad A, Shah SH, Mahmood Z, Sajid M, Ullah F, Islam M, Masood R, Jabeen N, Zubair K. Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246440. [PMID: 34550282 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative's wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shafqat
- Hazara University, Department of Agriculture, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Shahzad
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Mahmood
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Wheat Program, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Sajid
- Hazara University, Department of Agriculture, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - F Ullah
- Hazara University, Department of Agriculture, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Islam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - R Masood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Botany, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - N Jabeen
- Hazara University, Department of Agriculture, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - K Zubair
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
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15
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Shah SMS, Ullah F. A comprehensive overview of miRNA targeting drought stress resistance in plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e242708. [PMID: 34495144 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential nonprotein-coding genes. In a range of organisms, miRNAs has been reported to play an essential role in regulating gene expressions at post-transcriptional level. They participate in most of the stress responsive processes in plants. Drought is an ultimate abiotic stress that affects the crop production. Therefore understanding drought stress responses are essential to improve the production of agricultural crops. Throughout evolution, plants have developed their own defense systems to cope with the adversities of environmental stresses. Among defensive mechanisms include the regulations of gene expression by miRNAs. Drought stress regulates the expression of some of the functionally conserved miRNAs in different plants. The given properties of miRNAs provide an insight to genetic alterations and enhancing drought resistance in cereal crops. The current review gives a summary to regulatory mechanisms in plants as well as miRNAs response to drought stresses in cereal crops. Some possible approaches and guidelines for the exploitation of drought stress miRNA responses to improve cereal crops are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M S Shah
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing, China
| | - F Ullah
- Huazhong Agriculture University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Tabaripour R, Keshavarzi M, Ullah F. Micromorphological characters variation of lemma and palea in subtribe of Loliinae (Poaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:117-134. [PMID: 34331374 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The subtribe Loliinae is one of the largest subtribes of Poeae with about 600 species. Festuca is a large genus with close relations to other genera as Lolium, Castellia, and Vulpia. The taxonomic history of the Festuca-Lolium species group is very complicated. The polyploidy and hybridization make it more confusing. Due to the morphological similarities between genera identification is very difficult, the aim of the present study is to provide the taxonomic characters for the delimitation of the taxa of subtribe Loliinae. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for the evaluation of the lemma and palea surface micromorphology for 33 species of this subtribe. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to show the species groupings. Factor analysis based on the principal component analysis showed the diagnostic importance of each of the characters. The lemma and palea epidermal patterns of Castellia, Festuca, and Lolium were examined, and results revealed that Lolium and Vulpia sensu lato species made separate groups nested in the Festuca clusters. The length of the long cell of the lemma, prickle in the lemma and palea, the wall shape of long cells of the lemma, wax type, silica bodies of lemma and palea, and the short cells in palea were important diagnostic characters for the species studied. The measured and evaluated set of lemma and palea micromorphological features was unable to provide the delimitation of the Festuca genus as subgeneric or sectional level. Present observations illustrated a heterogeneous assemblage as Festuca that needs further study for delimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Tabaripour
- Plant Sciences Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- Plant Sciences Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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17
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Arshad B, Iqbal T, Bhatti KP, Ahmed S, Zaman W, Ullah F, Nazeer A, Saqib S. Review-Insights into Off-Label therapeutic strategies against mild and severe COVID-19 infection. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1469-1484. [PMID: 34799323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, prevention and control of the coronavirus disease pneumonia epidemic situation are grim globally. To cope with total sheer carriers and patients of COVID-19 requires intensive medical support and adjunctive therapies to overcome the disease. The epidemic can be controlled with the help of both, disease suppression via community health measures and adjunctive therapies for patients suffering from infection. Till date, we do not have any proper anti-COVID-19 therapy. In order to achieve the overall realization of this pandemic, there is a need to identify treatments depending upon their direct or indirect targets; like inhibition of polyprotein synthesis, transmembrane serine protease, inhibition of viral entry and endocytosis. This could be possible by turning the focus in the direction towards the development of numerous tentative drugs, particularly in the severe to badly ill. Though, majority of these off-label adjunctive medicines are being inspected in a lot of clinical trials at different stages, scientific organizations have endeavored to elucidate the situation where these adjunctive drugs might be practiced as off-label, open- label or compassionate. Our review compiles the adjunctive therapies adopted in COVID-19 infected patients according to clinical severity in conjugation with practicing recommendations from existing guidance rules issued by global professional bodies in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Arshad
- Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan/ Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Pervez Bhatti
- Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan/ Department of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Nazeer
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K
| | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K/ Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Ullah F, Gao Y, Jiao RF, Gao XF. Comparative taxonomic variation in fruits and seeds' surface morphology among populations of alpine Rosa sericea complex (Rosaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2337-2350. [PMID: 33908115 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the fruits and seeds' surface morphological features and their taxonomic significance were determined. Additionally, useful traits for delimitation of taxa of Rosa sericea complex were studied. In this research, three taxa of the complex R. sericea, R. omeiensis, and R. sikangensis have been studied. A total of 41 populations and 130 specimens of seeds, and 35 populations and 168 specimens of fruits from 10 different geographical regions of southwest China have been examined. The surface micro-morphological characters of the seeds have been studied through scanning electron microscopy to distinguish important characteristics of the complex taxa. Forty-four different qualitative and quantitative characteristics were observed. Principal component analysis was used to simplify and elucidate the relationship between the studied characters of different population based on the morphology of fruits and seeds' features. Moreover, the numerical taxonomic characters and their variation with elevation have been studied in these species. The most interesting characters observed on the surface of the seeds were stomata, and trichomes, for which density was more at the dorsal and ventral parts, while rarely present on the lateral parts. The fruits and seeds' surface morphology of the studied species was complicated and some variation in the characters, that is, persistent calyx shape, the shape of fruits and seeds, stomata shape, and trichomes size were found significant for delimitation of taxa in the complex. The purpose of this study is to identify the taxa of R. sericea complex based on fruits and seeds' morphological characters, and identification keys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yundong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui-Fang Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Shah SMS, Ullah F, Munir I. Biochemical characterization for determination of genetic distances among different indigenous chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties of North-West Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:977-988. [PMID: 33146664 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.232747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic distances among different chickpea varieties and evaluation of their free amino acid profiles were determined on the basis of Sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total soluble proteins were resolved on 10% SDS Polyacrylamide gel. Low variability in tested varieties was observed. Dendogram based on electrophoretic data clustered the genotypes into 2 groups. The results showed that the average protein content of all the varieties was 26.01% within the range 22.8% for Thal-2006 to 34.06% Sheenghar-2000 of dry seed weight. On the basis of total protein content Bittal-98, Dasht and Sheen Ghar-2000, Karak-3 and CM-98, Paidar -91 and Fakhr-e-Thal, C-44, Balaksar and KK-1showed similar concentrations for protein contents among each other but showed variation from the rest of the varieties. Different proteins were separated on the basis of changes in their molecular weights by means of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Dasht, CM-98, and Sheen Ghar showed 100% similarity. Balaksar and Fakhr-e- Thal, KK-2 and Chattan and KC-98, KK-1 and Lawaghar were 100% similar among each other but showed variation from the rest of the accessions. The overall dendrogram showed high and low level of variation among the accessions. The concentration of free amino acids varied among the 16 chickpea varieties. A significant difference of both essential and non-essential amino acids was found among the chickpea cultivars. The total concentration of essential amino acid was recorded 40.81 g/100 g protein while non-essential was recorded 59.18343 g/100 g protein in the given cultivars. The highest concentration of essential amino acids was found in C-44 followed by KK-2, KK-1 and Fakhr E Tal while the lowest concentration was recorded in Cm-98, Paidar-91 and Sheen Ghar-2000 respectively. Cultivars TAL-2006, Chattan and Karak-3 showed maximum concentration of both essential and endogenous amino acids. In conclusion; for broadening the genetic pools in breeding programs or to search for exotic characters, for instance new disease resistance alleles, accession with low similarity coefficients (Lawaghar and Battal-98) may be utilized. Furthermore the information acquired from this study could be used to device a proficient breeding approach intended at improving nutritional as well as broadening the genetic base of this essential food crop of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M S Shah
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing, China
| | - F Ullah
- Huazhong Agriculture University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - I Munir
- University of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ullah F, Ayaz A, Saqib S, Parmar G, Bahadur S, Zaman W. Taxonomic implication of leaf epidermal anatomy of selected taxa of Scrophulariaceae from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:521-530. [PMID: 32990330 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The family Scrophulariaceae consists of taxonomically complex genera and species. The delimitation of the taxa within this family is always challenging. In this paper, we studied leaf epidermis anatomical characteristics and its taxonomic significance of four species belonging to four genera of the family Scrophulariaceae collected from northern Pakistan. The species were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes (LM and SEM). Qualitative and quantitative foliar epidermal anatomical features were examined for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Qualitative characters like epidermal cell shape, epidermal cell cover, anticlinal wall, trichomes type, stomata type and stomata position were examined. Quantitative characters like the length and width of leaf epidermis, stomata, stomatal pore, subsidiary cell and trichomes for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were studied and measured. Stomatal index within the species and between the species was found to be different on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Diacytic stomata and glandular trichomes on epidermis were only found in Anticharis glandulosa while rest of the taxa has anomocytic type stomata and dendroid trichomes on both surfaces. Based on the micromorphological characters, we did principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis for the species delimitation and identification. A taxonomic key has been provided to delimit and identify the studied taxa based on foliar epidermal characters. The aim of the present research was to elucidate the micromorphological characters to distinguish the studied taxa for taxonomic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saddam Saqib
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaurav Parmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Shuaib M, Butt MA, Ullah F, Saqib S, Nizamani MM, Urooj Z. Palynological characteristics of selected Lamioideae taxa and its taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:471-479. [PMID: 32959483 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lamioideae comprised the second-largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in the taxonomic study of Lamioideae, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamily in Lamiaceae. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim to document the pollen micromorphology of some selected Lamioideae taxa and its taxonomic significance from Pakistan. Pollen micromorphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, tricolpate, radially/bilateral symmetrical. The pollen grains were small to medium-sized having oblate, oblate/subspheroidal, and subspheroidal shape. Exine sculpturing was observed as reticulate, microreticulate, and bireticulate. The colpus surface ornamentation was found as verrucate, gemmate, scabrate, and psilate. There was a considerable variation between the species in the micromorphology, that is, the coarseness of the reticulum, thickness of the muri comprising the reticulum and the number of secondary lumina per primary lumen. Hence, this study documented the pollen morphology of some selected taxa of the subfamily Lamioideae from Pakistan and strengthens the taxonomic identification of subfamily based on pollen characters, which helps in the correct identification, discrimination of the species of Lamioideae at generic and species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zara Urooj
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grass Science, North East Normal University, Changchun, China
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Saqib S, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Habib S, Bahadur S, Hussain S, Muhammad S, Ullah F. Postharvest disease inhibition in fruit by synthesis and characterization of chitosan iron oxide nanoparticles. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zaman W, Saqib S, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Ye J. COVID-19: Phylogenetic approaches may help in finding resources for natural cure. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2783-2785. [PMID: 32648294 PMCID: PMC7405213 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Azam Z, Ayaz A, Younas M, Qureshi Z, Arshad B, Zaman W, Ullah F, Nasar MQ, Bahadur S, Irfan MM, Hussain S, Saqib S. Microbial synthesized cadmium oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and protein leakage in bacterial cells. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Salman MM, Ullah F. Effect of Different Concentrations of Fructose and Glycerol in Tris Citric Acid Extender on Postthaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa. Cryo Letters 2020; 41:106-114. [PMID: 33988661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose is considered a vital energy source for metabolic events occurring naturally in the seminal plasma of buffalo spermatozoa. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of different concentrations of fructose and glycerol in tris citric acid extender on post thaw quality and in vivo fertility of buffalo spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen was collected from three bulls through artificial vagina (42 °C). Two ejaculates were collected from each bull per collection day and were evaluated initially for consistency, volume, motility and concentration, followed by dilution in five extenders with supplements (Treatment 1: F0.1,G7 = fructose 0.1 % + glycerol 7 %; T2: F0.2,G7= fructose 0.2 % + glycerol 7 %; T3: F0.4,G6.5 = fructose 0.4 % + glycerol 6.5%; T4: F0.8,G6 = fructose 0.8 %, glycerol 6 %; T5: F1.0,G5 = fructose 1 % + glycerol 5 %). The experiment was replicated four times and the data were assessed with ANOVA. RESULTS The results showed that percent progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity and supra-vital plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extender supplemented with T5 than T1 and T2. Spem hypo-resistivity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity were significantly higher in extender supplemented with T5 than T1. Moreover, sperm in vitro quality was significantly higher in T5 than T1 during 30 and 60 min of incubation at 37 ºC. Sperm in vivo fertility was significantly higher in extenders supplemented with T5 (57.3%) as compared to T1 (41.3%). CONCLUSION It is concluded that extender supplemented with T5 improved post thaw semen quality and in vivo fertility of buffalo bull.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - S Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Salman
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
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Zaman W, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Amina H, Lubna, Ullah F, Bahadur S, Ayaz A, Saqib S, Begum N, Jahan S. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bibi A, Shah T, Sadiq A, Khalid N, Ullah F, Iqbal A. l-Isoleucine-catalyzed Michael Synthesis of N-Alkylsuccinimide Derivatives and Their Antioxidant Activity Assessment. Russ J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hadidchi A, Attar F, Ullah F. Using microscopic techniques for taxonomic implications of seed and fruits of
Delphinium
L. (sensu lato) (Ranunculaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:99-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Hadidchi
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Farideh Attar
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Ullah F, Saqib S, Jamshed S, Bahadur S, Shakoor A, Arshad B. Systematics study through scanning electron microscopy; a tool for the authentication of herbal drug
Mentha suaveolens
Ehrh. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:81-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐ Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | - Shayan Jamshed
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- Key laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and PlanningHenan University Kaifeng China
| | - Bushra Arshad
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐ Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
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Saqib S, Zaman W, Ullah F, Majeed I, Ayaz A, Hussain Munis MF. Organometallic assembling of chitosan‐Iron oxide nanoparticles with their antifungal evaluation againstRhizopus oryzae. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Saqib
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Imran Majeed
- Department of ChemistryQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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Attar F, Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Mirtadzadini M, Ullah F, Zaman W. Foliar and stem epidermal anatomy of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:786-802. [PMID: 30801847 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Foliar and stem epidermal anatomical features of the tribe Cynoglosseae have been studied in detail for the taxonomic identification using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. A comparative study was conducted on different plant parts (leaf and stem epidermal anatomy) of 25 species belonging to eight genera of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) collected from different phytogeographical regions of Iran for the first time. Different qualitative and quantitative characteristics were observed in detail using LM and SEM. Results showed that although generally the stem and leaf anatomical traits were similar, but some diagnostic features were examined for distinguishing the closely related genera in the tribe. The ratio of cortex/diameter of stem and phloem/xylem, the average row number of collenchyma, palisade and spongy cells, structure of trichomes, type of indumentum and palisade arrangement were found taxonomically important. The anatomical characters were statistically analyzed using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The study found that stem and leaf eccentrics are variable in the genus but constant within species of the same genus. Most species had typical isobilateral leaves, but some showed an incipient dorsoventrally symmetry with a layer of abaxial palisade tissue. Eglandular trichomes were observed found in all the studied species, which were recognized based on structure and function. In present study some novel characters have been observed which are of great interest to the taxonomist for the correct identification some genera delimitations. The characters studied here are of less taxonomic value and delimitating at species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Attar
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Mirtadzadini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah F, Zaman W, Malik K, Rashid N, Gul S. Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in
Thelypteridaceae
from
Northern Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed N. Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Science LaboratoryGovernment High School Dherai Puran Shangla Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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Zeb S, Ali A, Zaman W, Zeb S, Ali S, Ullah F, Shakoor A. Pharmacology, taxonomy and phytochemistry of the genus Artemisia specifically from Pakistan: a comprehensive review. PBR 2019. [DOI: 10.18502/pbr.v4i4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Artemisia belongs to family Asteraceae and commonly used for ailments of multiple lethal diseases. Twenty-nine species of the genus have been identified from Pakistan which are widely used as pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, sanitary, perfumes and food industries. In this review we studied the medicinal uses, taxonomy, essential oils as well as phytochemistry were compiled. Data was collected from the original research articles, texts books and review papers including globally accepted search engines i.e. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Species found of Artemisia in Pakistan with their medicinal properties and phytochemicals were recorded. The present review highlights the geographical distribution, morphological features and medicinal importance of different Artemisia species. Species of the genus are used in different traditional treatments by the local communities of Pakistan and worldwide. The essential oils and some other important derivatives such as artemisinin are commonly used to cure malaria, cancer, stomach, kidney, liver, and spleen other bacterial, fungal, helminthic diseases and much more. These species also possess some important extract such as lignans, polyphenols and flavonoids that help in activation of certain pathways. Majority of work on the taxonomic validation of the species are showing confusion in its morphology, for the correct identification of the species in the present review special focus has been made on its morphological characteristics, along with their traditional uses, pharmacology and phytochemical constituents. This review will provide baseline information for further research on the genus and as well as at species level on different aspects. The aim of this study is to provide comprehensive overview of Genus Artemisia specifically the species of the genus from Pakistan.
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Sultana S, Begum N, Shah SN, Zaman W, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Hanif U. Taxonomic study of subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) by polynomorphological approach. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1021-1031. [PMID: 30860643 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study is insight into pollen morphology for characterizing species and their utility in the taxonomic separation of certain taxa of subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) from Pakistan. The pollen micromorphology of 11 species of the Nepetoideae was analyzed and documented using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Most species have hexazonocolpate pollen grains but trizonocolpate and tetrazonocolpate pollen with circular and oval amb were also rarely observed in Mentha spicata. The basic pollen shape in most of the studied species was subspheroidal but prolate grains were also observed in M. spicata, S. coccinea, and S. plebeia. The exine sculpturing of Nepetoideae pollen was taxonomically very informative particularly at subfamily level. Observations of exine sculpturing with SEM revealed various types of pollen grains: reticulate, bireticulate, microreticulate, perforate, aerolate, and gammate. The bireticulate type further subdivided into three subtypes based on the number of secondary lumina in each primary lumen and is characterized by varying characteristics of the secondary reticulum and primary muri. A significant variation was observed in colpus surface ornamentation. The maximum polar diameter was found in O. americanum (58 ± 5.8 μm) and the maximum equatorial diameter observed in O. basilicum (50.25 ± 1.37 μm). Pollen features of the studied species were discussed and compared based on the current taxonomical concepts. The results showed that pollen traits of the subfamily Nepetoideae was found significant to classify the taxa. Furthermore, pollen features provide additional evidence to distinguish macromorphologically similar taxa from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Department of Botany, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ullah F, Papini A, Shah SN, Zaman W, Sohail A, Iqbal M. Seed micromorphology and its taxonomic evidence in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:250-259. [PMID: 30597704 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Seed micromorphology of 13 species, belonging to four genera of subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to assess their diagnostic significance at generic level and provide additional evidence on species delimitation, as well as correct identification and phylogenetic position. Genera and species of subfamily Alsinoideae exhibit great variation in ultrastructure and a high diversity of novel micromorphological characters were observed. Variation in seed shape, color, hilum, anticlinal wall, epidermal cell, cell surface, margins, and quantitative characters as length and width were studied in detail, compared, illustrated, and their taxonomic significant were discussed. Seed shapes of the species were classified as reniform, round, angular, subcircular, subreniform, and elliptical pyriform, with sub-central, central, basal, and nearly basal hilum. Wavy, irregular, tetragonal, and elongated epidermal cells structure has been observed as an exomorphological character. The present findings show that the micromorphology of subfamily Alsinoideae provides taxonomic information and is helpful to distinguish different species. The results also explained that SEM morphology of seeds provide important data about affinity among taxa and give potential characters in delimitation of members of subfamily Alsinoideae at generic and species level. A principal component analysis allowed to highlight the most outsiders among seed micromorphology with a possible explanation. Taxonomic keys were developed based on micromorphological characters to delimit the species and useful for their quick identification within subfamily Alsinoideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Beijing, China
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kandemir N, Çelik A, Ullah F, Shah SN, Zaman W. Foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of taxa of Iris subg. Scorpiris Spach (Iridaceae) from Turkey. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:764-774. [PMID: 30762920 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Kandemir
- Education Faculty, Department of Biology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ali Çelik
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Sultana S, Ashfaq S, Ullah F, Kilic O, Hassan FU, Siddiq Z. Foliar epidermal anatomy of Lamiaceae with special emphasis on their trichomes diversity using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:206-223. [PMID: 30633436 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foliar epidermal features were based on the micromorphology of trichomes types, epidermal cells and stomatal complex. Even though each feature has its own limited taxonomic value but collectively these characteristics may be systematically important especially for the discrimination and identification of complex and problematic taxa. The systematics significance of nonglandular (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs), stomatal complex and epidermal cells of Lamiaceous flora were analyzed by using the light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Variations on the observed epidermal appendages were divided into two basic types: glandular and nonglandular. GTs can be divided into subtypes: sessile capitate, subsessile capitate, and barrel and sunken. NGTs were also divided into subtypes: dendritic, stellate, conical, falcate, simple and 1-6 cells long having granulate and smooth surface ornamentation. NGTs were the most dominant features of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of all observed taxa. Vitex negundo, Isodon rugosus, Colebrookea oppositifolia, and Marrubium vulgare could be demarked because of their twisted like appearance of NGTs at the abaxial surface. The Lamiaceae had both hypostomatic and amphistomatic leaf. Stomata were observed as diacytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic. Epidermal cells were found to be irregular, isodiametric, and rectangular. Based on these characters a taxonomic key was developed to delimit the closely related taxa. Distribution and morphology of the foliar epidermal trichomes through SEM highlight an important taxonomic tool used by the taxonomists as an aid to the correct identification of problematic Lamiaceae taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Kilic
- Technical Sciences Vocational School, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Fayyaz Ul Hassan
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nazish M, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Ullah F, Ahmad S, Ashfaq S, Ullah F. Palyno-morphological investigations of halophytic taxa of Amaranthaceae through SEM from Salt range of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:304-316. [PMID: 30614130 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pollen morphology of 11 salt tolerant plant species of family Amaranthaceae from the salt range of Northern Punjab, Pakistan has been studied. The palyno-morphological characters were examined using light and scanning electron microscope. The examined all salt tolerant species have a slight difference in size but have similarity in shape, pore ornamentation, and polarity. The observed morphological characters of pollen grains were pollen symmetry, size, shape, pore ornamentation, pore size, number of pores, exine thickness, polar and equatorial diameter and, P/E ratio. Apolar type of pollens has been observed in all species. Shape of pollens was spheroidal. Exine sculpturing of pollen grains was scabrate (six spp), microechinate (four spp), and microechinate-scabrate (one spp). Different pori numbers were observed in different species. The pantoporate aperturate and sunken pore ornamentation have been reported in all species. A pollen taxonomic key was developed using examined morphological characters for the accurate identification of halophytic taxa. The high fertility and low sterility of pollens confirmed that the selected halophytes are well-established in the salt region. The findings highlight the taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in correct identification and differentiation of salt tolerant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moona Nazish
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Government College Ara Khel FR Kohat KPK, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO box 2457, 10 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zaman W, Shah SN, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Ahmad M, Ali A. Systematic approach to the correct identification of Asplenium dalhousiae (Aspleniaceae) with their medicinal uses. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:459-465. [PMID: 30586200 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In present study, multiple microscope techniques were used for the systematics identification of the species Asplenium dalhousiae. The plant was collected from different phytogeographical and its natural habitat of Pakistan, where it shows higher diversity. Morphology, foliar epidermal anatomy, and spore morphological characters of the species were studied in detailed using multiple microscopic techniques through light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LM and SEM were used for the systematics identification of the species. Traditionally, the species is used in the ailment of many diseases, so the spore morphology, anatomical features, and morphological characters are relevant to describe the species taxonomy. The importance of multiple methods of taxonomic study (e.g., documentation and morphological characteristics) for characterizing herbs are important step in systematic certification to maintain the efficacy of herbal medicines. The aim of the present study is to examine the morphological, anatomical, and spore morphology of the species A. dalhousiae in more detailed for the correct taxonomic identification and their medicinal validation from Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashaq Ali
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Ullah F, Zaman W, Papini A, Zafar M, Shah SN, Ahmad M, Saqib S, Gul S, Sohail A. Using multiple microscopic techniques for the comparative systematic of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:352-360. [PMID: 30575183 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, comparative morphology, foliar anatomy and palynology of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae) were studied using multiple microscopic techniques. Genus Spergula includes worldwide five species, while in Flora of Pakistan the genus has two species. In this research, the comparative morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters of the two Pakistani Spergula species were studied. We examined some distinguishing morphological features, in both species, such as plant size, habitat, leaf morphological characters, inflorescences, flowers outer whorls, sepals and petals, and flowers number. These characters species were studied analyzing their comparative systematic significant. The foliar anatomical features also provided distinctive characters as the epidermal cell shape, the wall of the epidermal cell, lobes per cell. The differences in quantitative characters were also examined. The palynological characters showed difference in echini arrangement, echini density, and numbers of pore. Quantitative characters were variations in size of polar, equatorial, exine thickness, pore length, and width and P/E ratio. The multiple microscopic techniques provided sufficient evidence about the systematics of the genus Spergula. Based on morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, analytical keys were developed for the identification and distinction of the species S. fallax and S. arvensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Saqib
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Depratment of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Shah SN, Celik A, Ahmad M, Ullah F, Zaman W, Zafar M, Malik K, Rashid N, Iqbal M, Sohail A, Bahadur S. Leaf epidermal micromorphology and its implications in systematics of certain taxa of the fern family Pteridaceae from Northern Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:317-332. [PMID: 30582243 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ali Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and SciencesPamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
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Bahadur S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Begum N, Ashfaq S, Gul S, Khan MS, Shah SN, Ullah F, Saqib S, Ayaz A. Palyno‐anatomical studies of monocot taxa and its taxonomic implications using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:373-393. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products LabChengdu Institute of Biology, Chines Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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Saqib S, Munis MFH, Zaman W, Ullah F, Shah SN, Ayaz A, Farooq M, Bahadur S. Synthesis, characterization and use of iron oxide nano particles for antibacterial activity. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:415-420. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Saqib
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Mohi‐ud‐din Islamic University Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | | | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of ChemistryPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Ahmad M, Abbas Q, Ayoub M, Bahadur S, Ullah F. Identification of green energy ranunculaceous flora of district Chitral, Northern Pakistan using pollen features through scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1004-1016. [PMID: 30303585 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pollen micro-morphological features have proven to be helpful for the plant taxonomists in the identification and classification of plants. The utilization of this plantmayhelpfulin the areas of lignocellulosic conversion to biofuels and diversify application toward biomass. The current study was planned with the aim to evaluate the pollen features of complex Ranunculaceous flora of District Chitral, Northern Pakistan using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscope (LM) for their taxonomic importance. Pollens of 18 Ranunculaceous species belonging to 6 genera were collected from different localities of the research area. SEM and LM were used to examine both qualitative and quantitative micro-morphological features. Sculptring of the sexine include; Scabrate, psilate, echinate, verrucate, perforate gemmate, and reticulate and so forth. Shape of the pollens was sub-spheroidal, spheroidal, prolate, subprolate and oblate and so forth. Type of pollen was ranged from mono to tricolpate and tricolporate. Quantitative characters include length/width of the pollen, colpus, exine thickness, and P/E ratio. Based on these micro-morphological features a taxonomic key was prepared for the fast and correct identification. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT: Study of the pollen micro-morphological features of Ranunculaceous species by SEM and LM. Analysing both qualitative and quantitative characters of the pollens. Preparation of taxonomic key based on micro-morphological features for the correct and fast identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayoub
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Technologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,Center for biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-sustainable building, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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45
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Razzaq A, Malik K, Rashid N, Ullah F, Iqbal M, Zaman W. Foliar epidermal micromorphology and its taxonomic implications in some selected species of Athyriaceae. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:902-913. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Center of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; 45320 Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Malik K, Rashid N, Ullah F, Zaman W, Ali M. A light and scanning electron microscopic diagnosis of leaf epidermal morphology and its systematic implications in Dryopteridaceae: Investigating 12 Pakistani taxa. Micron 2018; 111:36-49. [PMID: 29857176 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dryopteris and Polystichum are the 2 complex taxonomic genera of Dryopteridaceae. The comparative foliar epidermal anatomy of 12 species of both genera from Pakistan were studied using standard protocols of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective of which was systematic comparison and investigation to elucidate the taxonomic importance of foliar micromorphology, which may be useful to taxonomists for identifying complex Dryopteridaceae taxa. Principal component analysis and UPGMA clustering analysis were performed to test the validity of leaf anatomical features as method of separating species and genera. The foliar epidermal anatomy described here is a good source of taxonomic characters in both groups that can help genera and species delimitation. This is the first report on leaf micromorphology in most of these species. Observation of foliar anatomy showed that stomata are only present on the abaxial surface; i.e., leaves of all species are hypostomatic. The shapes of epidermal cells in all studied species are irregular. The anticlinal walls are strongly lobed, irregular wavy and elongated wavy. However, substantial variation in epidermal cell size and other stomatal features were observed on both upper and lower surfaces in all investigated species. Two types of stomata were observed in all studied species. The presence of polocytic stomata in Dryopteris and staurocytic stomata in Polystichum are the important characters for the segregation of these genera. Elongate elliptic stomatal shape, narrow kidney shaped guard cells and broad elliptic shaped stomatal pores are diagnostic for all five species of Dryopteris selected. On the other hand, size and number of epidermal cells, lobes per cell, stomatal size, subsidiary cell size, stomatal pore size and stomatal index are the key features for species differentiation in Polystichum. An identification key was developed in order to apply the foliar anatomical characters in the discrimination of the species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Maroof Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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47
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Talpur HS, Chandio IB, Brohi RD, Worku T, Rehman Z, Bhattarai D, Ullah F, JiaJia L, Yang L. Research progress on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction: A comprehensive review. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:831-849. [PMID: 29663591 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and its receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the animal reproductive process, primarily in follicular development. However, the role that melatonin performs in regulating hormones related with reproduction remains unclear. Melatonin and its receptors are present both in female and male animals' organs, such as ovaries, heart, brain and liver. Melatonin regulates ovarian actions and is a key mediator of reproductive actions. Melatonin has numerous effects on animal reproduction, such as protection of gametes and embryos, response to clock genes, immune-neuroendocrine, reconciliation of seasonal variations in immune function, and silence or blockage of genes. The growth ratio of reproductive illnesses in animals has raised a remarkable concern for the government, animal caretakers and farm managers. In order to resolve this challenging issue, it is very necessary to conduct state-of-the-art research on melatonin and its receptors because melatonin has considerable physiognomies. This review article presents a current contemporary research conducted by numerous researchers from the entire world on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction, from the year 1985 to the year 2017. Furthermore, this review shows scientific research challenges related to melatonin receptors and their explanations based on the findings of 172 numerous research articles, and also represents significant proficiencies of melatonin in order to show enthusiastic study direction for animal reproduction researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Talpur
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - I B Chandio
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - R D Brohi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Worku
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Bhattarai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L JiaJia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ullah F, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Dilbar S, Shah SN, Sohail A, Zaman W, Iqbal M, Bahadur S, Tariq A. Pollen morphology of subfamily Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:704-715. [PMID: 29582513 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Pollen morphology of subfamily Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) from different phytogeographical region of Pakistan has been evaluated. In this research, 16 species belong to 6 genera of subfamily Caryophylloideae have been studied using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for both qualitative and quantitative characters. Different palyno-morphological features were observed including; pollen ornamentation, pore ornamentation, echini arrangement, echinidensity, number of pori, size of polar and equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, exine thickness, and size of pore were studied. The palyno-morphological characters of subfamily Caryophylloideae have taxonomically significant in identification and delimitation of species. Two pollen types, i.e., subspheroidal (15 species) and prolate (one species Vaccaria hispanica) were observed. Microechinate-punctate and microechinate-perforate pollen ornamentation were examined. Two pollen types of pori, i.e., prominent (5 species) and sunken (11 species) ornamentation have been reported. Three types of echini arrangement have been reported irregular, regular and rather regular, while three type of echinidensity (i.e., medium, dense and sparse) were observed. Pori numbers were found different in different species range from 5 in Silene apetala to 19-35 in Silene vulgaris. Based on different palyno-morphological characters, taxonomic key was develop for quick and accurate identification. The quantitative data were processed using SPSS software for average, minimum, maximum, and standard error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Dilbar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Deparment of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Siraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rasib S, Ahmad Z, Khan A, Akil H, Othman M, Hamid Z, Ullah F. Synthesis and evaluation on pH- and temperature-responsive chitosan-p(MAA-co-NIPAM) hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:367-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Butt MA, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Ullah F, Jan G, Irfan A, Naqvi SAZ. Morpho-palynological study of Cyperaceae from wetlands of Azad Jammu and Kashmir using SEM and LM. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:458-468. [PMID: 29383781 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study 12 species of Cyperaceae have been studied for quantitative and qualitative observation of pollen grains through Light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollens of 12 species of Cyperaceae from different wetlands of Azad Jammu and Kashmir were collected. Morphological characters of pollen grains were then investigated under the Light and Scanning electron microscope. Two pollen types have been observed apolar and heteropolar. Shape of pollens was prolate (4 spp), sub-spheroidal (7 spp), and oblate (1 spp). Variation observed in exine sculpturing granular (4 spp), reticulate (1 spp), areolate-punctate (3 spp), and psilate (2 spp). Polar to equatorial ratio and fertility percentage of the pollens were also studied. Based on these micromorphlogical characters of pollens taxonomic keys have been made for the accurate identification of the members of Cyperaceae. The characteristics studied in present research work are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically for the identification of species of family Cyperaceae. Light microscope (LM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for pollen observation, which play vital role in the taxonomical identification of species and provide sufficient information for taxonomist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mradan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan
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