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Morais APD, Pita IR, Fontes‐Ribeiro CA, Pereira FC. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in methamphetamine addiction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:85-97. [PMID: 29266758 PMCID: PMC6489779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the primary drug within amphetamine-type stimulants which are the second most abused group of drugs worldwide. There is no pharmacological treatment addressed specifically to METH addiction, and behavioral therapy is shadowed by poor long-term recovery and relapse. Therefore, novel approaches to manage METH addiction are an urgent need. This review aims to describe the current state of physical exercise use on methamphetamine addiction management. The following searching terms in PubMed were used: ("physical exercise" OR "exercise") AND "methamphetamine." Relevant references from key publications and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. Original investigation regarding physical exercise and methamphetamine addiction (clinical data) or neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in animal models of methamphetamine administration (preclinical data) was included. Overall, METH users demonstrated improvements, including better fitness and emotional measures, lower relapse rates, and sustained abstinence when compared to nonexercised individuals. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in METH users seem to reflect an interplay of several agents, including neurochemicals, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and blood-brain barrier as disclosed by preclinical data. Exercise-based interventions alone or as a conjoint therapy may be a useful tool for managing METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pedro Delgado Morais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Roque Pita
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes‐Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Frederico Costa Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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Feio-Azevedo R, Costa VM, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Pereira FC, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Toxicity of the amphetamine metabolites 4-hydroxyamphetamine and 4-hydroxynorephedrine in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 269:65-76. [PMID: 28115274 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant used worldwide by millions of patients in the clinical treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy or even obesity, and is also a drug of abuse. 4-Hydroxynorephedrine (4-OHNE) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (4-OHAMPH) are two major metabolites known to persist in the brain longer than AMPH. The contribution of AMPH metabolites for its neurotoxicity is undetermined. We evaluated the toxicity of AMPH and its metabolites 4-OHNE and 4-OHAMPH, obtained by chemical synthesis, in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Cells were exposed to AMPH (concentration range 0-5mM) or 4-OHAMPH or 4-OHNE (concentration range 0-10mM) for 24 or 48h, and the viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. Results showed that for both AMPH and the metabolites a concentration-dependent toxicity was observed. The toxic concentration 50% (TC50) for AMPH and 4-OHNE following 24h exposure was circa 3.5mM and 8mM, respectively. For 4-OHAMPH the TC50 was not reached in the tested concentration range. N-acetyl cysteine, cycloheximide, l-carnitine, and methylphenidate were able to reduce cell death induced by AMPH TC50. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed evident signs of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells following 24h exposure to AMPH 3.50mM. The 4-OHAMPH metabolite at 8.00mM originated few late apoptotic cells, whereas 4-OHNE at 8.00mM resulted in late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells, in a scenario similar to AMPH. In conclusion, the AMPH metabolite 4-OHNE is more toxic than 4-OHAMPH, nonetheless both are less toxic than the parent compound in vitro. The most toxic metabolite 4-OHNE has longer permanence in the brain, rendering likely its contribution for AMPH neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Feio-Azevedo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - V M Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - L M Ferreira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Portugal
| | - P S Branco
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Portugal
| | - F C Pereira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental/Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida (IBILI), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M L Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - J P Capela
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (Unidade de Investigação UFP em Energia, Ambiente e Saúde), CEBIMED (Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal.
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Eisenlohr PV, Tavares JR, Oliveira SL, Santos AO, Valadão MBX, Bilce JM, Roberto RL, Castro HB, Zaratim ECP, Lima SL, Santos AJ, Silva APG, Lima LB, Melo-Santos KS, Figueiredo JDS, Santos LM, Pereira FC, Oliveira JCA, Miguel TB, Serpa AO, Kreutz C, Reis SMA. Thinking better about high-quality science: a look at some ethical flaws and productivity evaluation. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 74:1009-10. [PMID: 25627616 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.17413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P V Eisenlohr
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Alta Floresta, MT, Brasil
| | - J R Tavares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - S L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - A O Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - M B X Valadão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - J M Bilce
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - R L Roberto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - H B Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - E C P Zaratim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - S L Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - A J Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - A P G Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - L B Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - K S Melo-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - J D S Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - L M Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - F C Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - J C A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - T B Miguel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - A O Serpa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - C Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
| | - S M A Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
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Feio-Azevedo R, Costa VM, Ferreira LP, Branco PS, Pereira FC, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Amphetamine and its metabolite 4-hydroxyamphetamine neurotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Marques E, Pereira FC, Silva AP, Macedo TRA. May exercise prevent addiction? Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9:45-8. [PMID: 21886560 PMCID: PMC3137199 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795017380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamines exert their persistent addictive effects by activating brain's reward pathways, perhaps through the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (and/or in other places). On the other hand, there is a relationship between dopamine and all behavioural aspects that involve motor activity and it has been demonstrated that exercise leads to an increase in the synthesis and release of dopamine, stimulates neuroplasticity and promotes feelings of well-being. Moreover, exercise and drugs of abuse activate overlapping neural systems. Thus, our aim was to study the influence of chronic exercise in the mechanism of addiction using an amphetamine-induced conditioned-place-preference in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated in groups with and without chronic exercise. Chronic exercise consisted in a 8 week treadmill running program, with increasing intensity. The conditioned place preference test was performed in both groups using a procedure and apparatus previously established. A 2 mg.kg-1 amphetamine or saline solution was administered intraperitonially according to the schedule of the conditioned place preference. Before conditioning none of the animals showed preference for a specific compartment of the apparatus. The used amphetamine dose in the conditioning phase was able to produce a marked preference towards the drug-associated compartment in the group without exercise. In the animals with exercise a significant preference by the compartment associated with saline was observed. These results lead us to conclude that a previous practice of regular physical activity may help preventing amphetamine addiction in the conditions used in this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biomedical Institute for Research on Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine; Association for Biomedical Research and Innovation on Light and Image (AIBILI); 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Pereira FC, Lourenço ES, Borges F, Morgadinho T, Ribeiro CF, Macedo TR, Ali SF. Single or multiple injections of methamphetamine increased dopamine turnover but did not decrease tyrosine hydroxylase levels or cleave caspase-3 in caudate-putamen. Synapse 2006; 60:185-93. [PMID: 16739116 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), leading to striatal dopamine (DA) nerve terminal toxicity in mammals, is also thought to induce apoptosis of striatal neurons in rodents. We investigated the acute effects induced by multiple injections of METH (4 x 5 mg/kg, i.p.) at 2-h intervals or a single injection of METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on terminal dopaminergic toxicity markers, including DA levels, DA turnover, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in rat caudate-putamen (CPu). We further investigated whether both treatment paradigms would change Bax and activate caspase-3 expression, thus triggering striatal apoptotic mitochondria-dependent biochemical cascades. The first injection of METH (5 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant release of DA that peaked 30 min and stayed above control levels up to 1.5 h within CPu. In another set of experiments, rats were killed 1 and 24 h following the last injection, for tissue DA and metabolite content measurement and Western blot analysis (24 h). Multiple doses induced DA depletion and increased turnover at both endpoints. Single-dose METH reproduced these effects at 24 h; however, turnover was significantly higher than that evoked by the multiple doses at 24 h. Although both paradigms evoked similar DA depletion, however, none of the dosing regimens induced changes in TH expression at 24 h. The former paradigm produced an increase in Bax expression in CPu not sufficient to induce cleavage of caspase-3 proenzyme at 24 h. This study suggests that both paradigm induced changes in striatal dopaminergic markers that are independent of terminal degeneration and striatal apoptotic mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 driven cascade within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Costa Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Arruda S, Cândida J, Pereira F, Assis G, Martins D, Martins P, Pinto M, Pereira V. Crit Care 2005; 9:P88. [DOI: 10.1186/cc3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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8
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Chies AB, Corrêa FMA, de Andrade CR, Rosa-e-Silva AAM, Pereira FC, de Oliveira AM. Vascular non-endothelial nitric oxide induced by swimming exercise stress in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2003; 30:951-7. [PMID: 14678235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2003.03935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids, in these effects were studied in rat thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of AngII in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of AngII was reduced in the presence of indomethacin in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed rats. 5. Treatment with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to AngII, suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for AngII because no changes were observed on the effects of phenylephrine.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/injuries
- Corticosterone/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/injuries
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/chemistry
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Stress, Physiological/metabolism
- Swimming/physiology
- omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Chies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pereira FC, Imam SZ, Gough B, Newport GD, Ribeiro CF, Slikker W, Macedo TR, Ali SF. Acute changes in dopamine release and turnover in rat caudate nucleus following a single dose of methamphetamine. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2002; 109:1151-8. [PMID: 12203042 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-002-0754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute changes in dopamine (DA) turnover were studied in the caudate nucleus (CN) of adult male rats between 0-24 h after a single injection of Methamphetamine (20 mg/kg, ip). A single dose of METH-induced an increase in DA turnover [(DOPAC + HVA)/DA] concomitant with an acute DA release followed by transient DA and DOPAC depletion in the rat CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Pereira
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, Jefferson 72079, AR, USA
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Pereira FC, Zanoni MVB, Guaratini CCI, Fogg AG. Differential pulse polarographic determination of clotrimazole after derivatization with Procion Red HE-3B. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:201-8. [PMID: 11682227 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole was shown to react at room temperature in Britton Robinson buffer pH 2 with the reactive dye Procion Red HE-3B. The product exhibited a differential pulse polarographic peak at -0.38 V, which was well separated from the peaks of the reactive dye at -0.08, -0.80 and -0.95 V, and this allowed the indirect determination of clotrimazole in the presence of excess of the reactive dye. The method has been applied satisfactorily to the determination of clotrimazole in pharmaceutical formulations, calibration graphs are rectilinear up to at least 40 microg ml(-1). The detection limit was calculated to be 2.6 microg ml(-1) (3 sigma).
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Pereira
- Departamento de Química Analitica, Instituto de Química-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 355, 14800-900, SP, Araraquara, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the hexane extract of Iryanthera juruensis (Myristicaceae) fruits led to the isolation of two tocotrienols and four lignans which exhibited antioxidant activity towards beta-carotene on TLC autographic assay. Two inactive quinones and three omega-arylalkanoic acids were also isolated. The isolates were investigated for their redox properties using cyclic voltammetry. The structure elucidation of the new compounds (one tocotrienol. one quinone and three omega-arylalkanoic acids) was based on analysis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara-SP, Brazil.
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Visentainer JE, Pereira FC, Dalalio MM, Tsuneto LT, Donadio PR, Moliterno RA. Association of HLA-DR7 with rheumatic fever in the Brazilian population. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:1518-20. [PMID: 10852281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatic fever (RF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that develops as a sequel of untreated throat infection by the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. As HLA antigens are known to be important in controlling immunological responsiveness, studies have investigated HLA antigen association with RF. Studies with Caucasians, Black Americans, and Indians showed associations with HLA-DR4, DR2, and DR3, respectively. One study on a Brazilian population suggested an association with HLA-DR7 and HLA-DR53. We investigated the association between RF and antigens HLA-DR7 and DR53 in the white Brazilian population. METHODS Thirty-five patients and 209 healthy individuals living in the northern region of the state of Parana, Brazil, were used as test and control groups, respectively. Classical statistical methods were used to compare HLA frequencies between these groups. Results. Data confirmed positive association with HLA-DR7 (46.7 vs. 25.7%; p = 0.015), but not with HLA-DR53 (54.3 vs. 44.5%; p = 0.28). The relative risk and etiologic fractions were 2.4 and 0.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION Positive association between HLA-DR7 specificity and RF was observed in the white Brazilian population by 2 independent studies, supporting the hypothesis of the involvement of genetic factors in susceptibility of rheumatic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Visentainer
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Maringá State University, PR, Brazil
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13
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Costa CH, Pereira HF, Pereira FC, Tavares JP, Araújo MV, Gonçalves MJ. Is the household dog a risk factor for American visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93:464. [PMID: 10696398 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C H Costa
- Hospital de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Brazil.
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Salgado AP, Pereira FC, Seiça RM, Fernandes AP, Flatt PR, Santos RM, Rosário LM, Ramasamy R. Modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by cytosolic redox state in clonal beta-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 154:79-88. [PMID: 10509803 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient stimulation of pancreatic beta-cells increases the cellular reduced pyridine nucleotide content, but the specific role of cytosolic redox state in glucose-induced insulin release (GIIR) remains undetermined. The role of cytosolic redox state has been assessed (as reflected by the lactate/pyruvate ratio) in nutrient- and non-nutrient-induced insulin release using a recently established glucose-sensitive clonal beta-cell line (BRIN-BD11). Long-term exposure to the NAD+ precursor vitamin nicotinic acid (NA, 100 microM) was used to promote a more oxidized state in the cytosol. Glucose (2-16 mM) evoked a dose-dependent rise in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio which was linearly related to the extent of GIIR. NA suppressed the glucose-induced rise in the NADH/NAD+ ratio and concomitantly reduced GIIR by 44%. It also inhibited, by 47%, the average glucose-induced rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i, assessed by fura-2 microfluorometry from single cells). The latter effect was not accounted for by a reduction in the activity of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, inasmuch as both high K+- and tolbutamide-induced [Ca2+]i rises remained insensitive to NA exposure. NA did not affect insulin release evoked by any of the depolarizing agents, indicating that steps in the stimulus-secretion coupling cascade distal to Ca2+ influx are insensitive to changes in the cytosolic redox state. It is concluded that GIIR is partially controlled by the cytosolic redox state. Moreover, the impairment in GIIR, caused by a shift toward a more oxidized state in the cytosol, originates from an attenuated [Ca2+]i response. The latter is likely mediated by the influence of cytosolic redox state on specific metabolic pathways (NADH shuttle systems and/or the malonyl-CoA pathway), leading ultimately to enhancement of the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Salgado
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Chiaravalloti Neto F, da Costa AI, Moura MS, Soares MR, Pereira FC, Battigaglia M, Aragão FJ. [An evaluation of municipal actions in the control of dengue vectors in the region of São José do Rio Prêto, São Paulo, 1989 to 1995]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999; 32:357-62. [PMID: 10495663 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821999000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the coverage of municipal activities in terms of the control of Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus by routine house-to-house visits and by emergency activity, carried out between 1989 and 1995 in the area of São José do Rio Prêto, São Paulo State, and to evaluate the cross-correlation between them and the Breteau index (BI). For towns with up to 50,000 real estate properties, the joint coverage by routine and emergency activities was mostly appropriate and the routine activities showed a negative cross-correlation with the BI. For the county seat (more than 50,000 real estate properties), the coverage provided by the above activities was not correlated with the BI. In general, the coverage was inversely proportional to town size. Emergency activities did not show a correlation with the BI in any town size range, proving to be ineffective.
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16
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Lainetti RD, Pereira FC, Da-Silva CF. Ganglioside GM1 potentiates the stimulatory effect of nerve growth factor on peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 845:415-6. [PMID: 9668382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R D Lainetti
- Department of Histology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Santos RM, Barbosa RM, Antunes CM, Silva AM, Salgado AP, Abrunhosa AJ, Pereira FC, Seiça RM, Rosário LM. Bursting electrical activity generated in the presence of KATP channel blockers. Pharmacology, sensitivity to intracellular pH and modulation by glucose metabolism. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 426:33-41. [PMID: 9544253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1819-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Santos
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Lainetti RD, Pereira FC, Da-Silva CF. Reduced sensory neuron regeneration by C57BL/6J mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 1995; 28:781-5. [PMID: 8580870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The tube repair method was used to study peripheral nerve regeneration in five different inbred mouse strains. The sciatic nerve of male adult mice of the C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, C3H/HeJ, BALB/cJ and A/J strains (N = 3) was cut and both proximal and distal nerve stumps were inserted into a polyethylene tube leaving a 4-mm nerve gap. After 6 weeks the tubes containing the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counts. C57BL/6J mice regenerated significantly fewer myelinated axons (1024 +/- 178, mean +/- SEM) compared to the BALB/cJ (1618 +/- 64), A/J (1788 +/- 95), DBA/1J (2168 +/- 296) or C3H/HeJ (3468 +/- 36) strains. Horseradish peroxidase was applied 3 mm distal to the tube 4 and 40 weeks after tube implantation to further characterize the reduced regenerative response of C57BL/6J mice. Labeled sensory and somatic motor neurons were counted in the spinal cord and L4,5,6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), respectively. Sciatic nerves from four intact C57BL/6J mice were processed in the same fashion and used as normal controls. No significant difference in the number of motor neurons was detected between the experimental (4 weeks = 663 +/- 74; 40 weeks = 770 +/- 35) and control non-operated (844 +/- 13) animals. However, there were fewer labeled neurons in the DRG of the operated group (4 weeks = 1163 +/- 167; 40 weeks = 2574 +/- 104) compared to the control group (4211 +/- 96). These results indicate that sensory neurons are responsible for the diminished regenerative response in C57BL/6J mice after peripheral nerve transection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lainetti
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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19
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Vexenat JA, Fonseca de Castro JA, Cavalcante R, da Silva MR, Batista WH, Campos JH, Pereira FC, Tavares JP, Miles MA. Preliminary observations on the diagnosis and transmissibility of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, n.e. Brazil. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 1993; 70:467-72. [PMID: 7802502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A pilot group of 49 dogs and control groups from non-endemic areas were examined serologically for the presence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by direct agglutination test (DAT), indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DOT-ELISA. Results indicated that DAT is less sensitive than the other assays and that serology with filter paper blood samples is less sensitive than with serum. Promastigote infections were common in fed Lutzomyia longipalpis taken from a dog kennel inhabited by a dog carrying Leishmania chagasi. Colony-bred Lu. longipalpis readily acquired L. chagasi infection when fed on skin lesions of dogs naturally infected with L. chagasi: a small proportion of flies also became infected when fed on apparently normal skin. Widespread distribution of amastigotes in normal skin of asymptomatic animals was shown both by intensive microscopy and by probing skin biopsy samples with the Lmet2 L. donovani-complex specific DNA probe. It was demonstrated that an immunologically naive dog could be infected by a single experimentally infected sand fly. Abundant amastigotes present within the resultant lesion 22 days later were transmissible to sand flies but serology remained negative at least 45 days after the infective bite. Experimental transmission of canine VL by sand fly bite is a valuable approach for determining which diagnostic procedures are most sensitive, specific and suitable for field application in suburban households.
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