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Alqahtani A, Bhattacharjee S, Almopti A, Li C, Nabi G. Radiomics-based machine learning approach for the prediction of grade and stage in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma-a step towards virtual biopsy. Int J Surg 2024:01279778-990000000-01418. [PMID: 38704622 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare, aggressive lesion, with early detection a key to its management. This study aimed to utilise computed tomographic urogram data to develop machine learning models for predicting tumour grading and staging in upper urothelial tract carcinoma patients and to compare these predictions with histopathological diagnosis used as reference standards. METHODS Protocol-based computed tomographic urogram data from 106 patients were obtained and visualised in 3D. Digital segmentation of the tumours was conducted by extracting textural radiomics features. They were further classified using 11 predictive models. The predicted grades and stages were compared to the histopathology of radical nephroureterectomy specimens. RESULTS Classifier models worked well in mining the radiomics data and delivered satisfactory predictive machine learning models. The MultiLayer Panel showed 84% sensitivity and 93% specificity while predicting upper tract urothelial carcinoma grades. The Logistic Regression model showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 76% while staging. Similarly, other classifier algorithms (e.g., Support Vector classifier) provided a highly accurate prediction while grading upper tract urothelial carcinoma compared to clinical features alone or ureteroscopic biopsy histopathology. CONCLUSION Data mining tools could handle medical imaging datasets from small (<2 cm) tumours for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The radiomics-based machine learning algorithms provide a potential tool to model tumour grading and staging with implications for clinical practice and the upgradation of current paradigms in cancer diagnostics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Machine learning based on radiomics features can predict upper tract urothelial cancer grading and staging with significant improvement over ureteroscopic histopathology. The study showcased the prowess of such emerging tools in the set objectives with implications towards virtual biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alqahtani
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 55461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Abdulrahman Almopti
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Zhang JW, Guo CQ, Zhu SS, Nabi G, Dai N, Wan XY, Liu P, Zhang FB, Fu Y, Cao XG. Comparative Analysis of Enbloc or Piecemeal Removal After Enbloc Resection of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1755-1761. [PMID: 38483780 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and prognosis of enbloc or piecemeal removal after enbloc resection of a gastric GIST by comparing the clinical data of endoscopic en block resection and piecemeal removal (EP) and en block resection and complete removal (EC) of gastric GISTs. METHODS A total of 111 (43 endoscopic piecemeal, and 68 complete removal) patients with gastric GIST's ≥ 2 cm in diameter who underwent endoscopic therapy from January 2016 to June 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, it was ensured that the tumor was intact during the resection, however, it was divided into EP group and EC group based on whether the tumor was completely removed or was cut into pieces which were then removed. The patients' recurrence-free survival rate and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were recorded. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in RFS rates between the two groups (P = 0.197). The EP group had relatively high patient age, tumor diameter, risk classification, and operation time. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of nuclear fission images, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative fasting time, complication rate and complication grading between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Endoscopic piecemeal removal after en block resection of gastric GIST is safe and effective and achieves similar clinical outcomes as complete removal after en block resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Qing Guo
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nan Dai
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wan
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fang-Bin Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Gung Cao
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Nabi G. Generating evidence, reporting implementation of innovations through use of technology in healthcare: Core purposes of multidisciplinary journal. Scott Med J 2024; 69:25. [PMID: 38738377 DOI: 10.1177/00369330241252024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Jawli A, Nabi G, Huang Z. The Performance of Different Parametric Ultrasounds in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Correlation with Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1502. [PMID: 38672584 PMCID: PMC11047975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer among men. Multiparametric ultrasound [mpUS] is a diagnostic instrument that uses various types of ultrasounds to diagnose it. This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance of different parametric ultrasounds in diagnosing prostate cancer by associating with radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODOLOGY A review was performed on various ultrasound parameters using five databases. Systematic review tools were utilized to eliminate duplicates and identify relevant results. Reviewers used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Results [QUADAS-2] to evaluate the bias and applicability of the study outcomes. RESULT Between 2012 and 2023, eleven studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the different ultrasound parametric procedures in detecting prostate cancer using grayscale TRUS, SWE, CEUS, and mpUS. The high sensitivity of these procedures was found at 55%, 88.6%, 81%, and 74%, respectively. The specificity of these procedures was found to be 93.4%, 97%, 88%, and 59%, respectively. This high sensitivity and specificity may be associated with the large lesion size. The studies revealed that the sensitivity of these procedures in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer was 55%, 73%, 70%, and 74%, respectively, while the specificity was 61%, 78.2%, 62%, and 59%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The mpUS procedure provides high sensitivity and specificity in PCa detection, especially for clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Jawli
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Sajjad W, Ilahi N, Haq A, Shang Z, Nabi G, Rafiq M, Bahadur A, Banerjee A, Kang S. Bacteria populating freshly appeared supraglacial lake possess metals and antibiotic-resistant genes. Environ Res 2024; 247:118288. [PMID: 38262510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) has been extensively studied in natural habitats and clinical applications. AR is mainly reported with the use and misuse of antibiotics; however, little is known about its presence in antibiotic-free remote supraglacial lake environments. This study evaluated bacterial strains isolated from supraglacial lake debris and meltwater in Dook Pal Glacier, northern Pakistan, for antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and metal-tolerant genes (MTGs) using conventional PCR. Several distinct ARGs were reported in the bacterial strains isolated from lake debris (92.5%) and meltwater (100%). In lake debris, 57.5% of isolates harbored the blaTEM gene, whereas 58.3% of isolates in meltwater possessed blaTEM and qnrA each. Among the ARGs, qnrA was dominant in debris isolates (19%), whereas in meltwater isolates, qnrA (15.2%) and blaTEM (15.2%) were dominant. ARGs were widely distributed among the bacterial isolates and different bacteria shared similar types of ARGs. Relatively greater number of ARGs were reported in Gram-negative bacterial strains. In addition, 92.5% of bacterial isolates from lake debris and 83.3% of isolates from meltwater harbored MTGs. Gene copA was dominant in meltwater isolates (50%), whereas czcA was greater in debris bacterial isolates (45%). Among the MTGs, czcA (18.75%) was dominant in debris strains, whereas copA (26.0%) was greater in meltwater isolates. This presents the co-occurrence and co-selection of MTGs and ARGs in a freshly appeared supraglacial lake. The same ARGs and MTGs were present in different bacteria, exhibiting horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Both positive and negative correlations were determined between ARGs and MTGs. The research provides insights into the existence of MTGs and ARGs in bacterial strains isolated from remote supraglacial lake environments, signifying the need for a more detailed study of bacteria harboring ARGs and MTGs in supraglacial lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nikhat Ilahi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Abdul Haq
- Peshawar Laboratories Complex, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Alhussaini AJ, Steele JD, Jawli A, Nabi G. Radiomics Machine Learning Analysis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma for Tumour Grade Prediction Based on Intra-Tumoural Sub-Region Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1454. [PMID: 38672536 PMCID: PMC11048006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cancers are among the top ten causes of cancer-specific mortality, of which the ccRCC subtype is responsible for most cases. The grading of ccRCC is important in determining tumour aggressiveness and clinical management. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research were to predict the WHO/ISUP grade of ccRCC pre-operatively and characterise the heterogeneity of tumour sub-regions using radiomics and ML models, including comparison with pre-operative biopsy-determined grading in a sub-group. METHODS Data were obtained from multiple institutions across two countries, including 391 patients with pathologically proven ccRCC. For analysis, the data were separated into four cohorts. Cohorts 1 and 2 included data from the respective institutions from the two countries, cohort 3 was the combined data from both cohort 1 and 2, and cohort 4 was a subset of cohort 1, for which both the biopsy and subsequent histology from resection (partial or total nephrectomy) were available. 3D image segmentation was carried out to derive a voxel of interest (VOI) mask. Radiomics features were then extracted from the contrast-enhanced images, and the data were normalised. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the XGBoost model were used to reduce the dimensionality of the features. Thereafter, 11 ML algorithms were implemented for the purpose of predicting the ccRCC grade and characterising the heterogeneity of sub-regions in the tumours. RESULTS For cohort 1, the 50% tumour core and 25% tumour periphery exhibited the best performance, with an average AUC of 77.9% and 78.6%, respectively. The 50% tumour core presented the highest performance in cohorts 2 and 3, with average AUC values of 87.6% and 76.9%, respectively. With the 25% periphery, cohort 4 showed AUC values of 95.0% and 80.0% for grade prediction when using internal and external validation, respectively, while biopsy histology had an AUC of 31.0% for the classification with the final grade of resection histology as a reference standard. The CatBoost classifier was the best for each of the four cohorts with an average AUC of 80.0%, 86.5%, 77.0% and 90.3% for cohorts 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radiomics signatures combined with ML have the potential to predict the WHO/ISUP grade of ccRCC with superior performance, when compared to pre-operative biopsy. Moreover, tumour sub-regions contain useful information that should be analysed independently when determining the tumour grade. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish the grade of ccRCC pre-operatively to improve patient care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer J. Alhussaini
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 1300, Kuwait
| | - J. Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adel Jawli
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 1300, Kuwait
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Alanazi G, Alsubaie N, Nabi G, Gillingwater TH, Alashkham A. Distribution of neurovascular structures within the prostate gland and their relationship to complications after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 2024; 84:491-501. [PMID: 38173273 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radical prostatectomy remains the main choice of treatment for prostate cancer. However, despite improvements in surgical techniques and neurovascular sparing procedures, rates of erectile dysfunction, and urinary incontinence remain variable. This is due, at least in part, to an incomplete understanding of neurovascular structures associated with the prostate. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive, detailed histological overview of the distribution of nerves and blood vessels within the prostate, facilitating subsequent correlation of prostatic neurovascular structures with patients' clinical outcomes after radical prostatectomy. METHODS Neurovascular structures within the prostate were investigated in a total of 309 slides obtained from 15 patients who underwent non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify and distinguish between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, whereas hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to identify blood vessels. The total number, density, and relative position of nerves and blood vessels were established using quantitative morphometry and illustrated using visualization approaches. Patient-specific outcome data were then used to establish whether the internal distribution of nerves and blood vessels within the prostate correlated with the nature and extent of complications after surgery. One-way analysis of variance tests and unpaired t tests were applied to establish statistically significant differences across the measured variables. RESULTS Nerves and blood vessels were present across all prostatic levels and regions. However, their number and density varied considerably between regions. Assessment of the precise positioning of neurovascular structures revealed that the majority of nerve fibers were located within the dorsal and peripheral aspects of the gland. In contrast, blood vessels were predominantly located within ventral and dorsal midline regions. The number of intraprostatic nerves was found to be significantly lower in patients who recovered their continence within 12 months of surgery, compared to those whose recovery took 12 months or longer. CONCLUSION We report an unexpected disconnect between the localization and positioning of nerve fibers and blood vessels within the prostate. Moreover, individual variability in the density of intraprostatic neurovascular structures appears to correlate with the successful recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy, suggesting that differences in intrinsic neurovascular arrangements of the prostate influence postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Alanazi
- Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najah Alsubaie
- Department of Computer Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Abduelmenem Alashkham
- Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Khopekar F, Nabi S, Shiva M, Stewart M, Rajendran B, Nabi G. Cost-effectiveness of quality improvement intervention to reduce time between CT-detection and ureteroscopic laser fragmentation in acute symptomatic ureteric stones management. World J Urol 2024; 42:144. [PMID: 38478078 PMCID: PMC10937764 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess clinical and cost effectiveness of emergency ureteroscopic laser fragmentation of urinary stones causing symptoms or obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS 100 consecutive patients with an average (median) age 55.6 (57.5) years and average (median) stone size of 8.2 mm (± 7 mm) between October 2018 and December 2021 who underwent emergency ureteroscopy and laser fragmentation formed the study cohort as part of a clinical service quality improvement. Primary outcome was single procedure stone-free rate and cost-effectiveness. The secondary outcomes were complications, re-admission and re-intervention. A decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of emergency ureteroscopy with laser fragmentation (EUL) and emergency temporary stenting followed by delayed ureteroscopy with laser fragmentation (DUL) using our results and success rates for modelling. RESULTS Single procedure stone-free rates (SFR) for EUL and DUL were 85%. The re-intervention rate, re-admission and complication rates of the study cohort (EUL) were 9%, 18%, and 4%, respectively, compared to 15%, 20%, and 5%, respectively for the control cohort (DUL). The decision analysis modelling demonstrated that the EUL treatment option was more cost-efficient, averting £2868 (€3260) per patient for the UK health sector. Total cost of delayed intervention was £7783 (€8847) for DUL in contrast to £4915 (€5580) for EUL. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of quality improvement project based on a reduction in CT detection-to-laser fragmentation time interval in acute ureteric obstruction or symptoms caused by stones had similar clinical effectiveness compared to delayed ureteroscopic management, but more cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soha Nabi
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Ali N, Khan MH, Ali M, Sidra, Ahmad S, Khan A, Nabi G, Ali F, Bououdina M, Kyzas GZ. Insight into microplastics in the aquatic ecosystem: Properties, sources, threats and mitigation strategies. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169489. [PMID: 38159747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Globally recognized as emergent contaminants, microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in aquaculture habitats and subject to intense management. Aquaculture systems are at risk of microplastic contamination due to various channels, which worsens the worldwide microplastic pollution problem. Organic contaminants in the environment can be absorbed by and interact with microplastic, increasing their toxicity and making treatment more challenging. There are two primary sources of microplastics: (1) the direct release of primary microplastics and (2) the fragmentation of plastic materials resulting in secondary microplastics. Freshwater, atmospheric and marine environments are also responsible for the successful migration of microplastics. Until now, microplastic pollution and its effects on aquaculture habitats remain insufficient. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems. It highlights the sources and distribution of microplastics, their physical and chemical properties, and the potential ecological consequences they pose to marine and freshwater environments. The paper also examines the current scientific knowledge on the mechanisms by which microplastics affect aquatic organisms and ecosystems. By synthesizing existing research, this review underscores the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies and further investigation to safeguard the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Hamid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Sidra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China; Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, 654 04 Kavala, Greece.
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Leong CH, Ranjan SR, Javed A, Alsaedi BSO, Nabi G. Predictive accuracy of boosted regression model in estimating risk of venous thromboembolism following minimally invasive radical surgery in pharmacological prophylaxis-naïve men with prostate cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:67. [PMID: 38395873 PMCID: PMC10885400 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially life-threatening but preventable complication after urological surgery. Physicians are faced with the challenges of weighing the risks and benefits of thromboprophylaxis given scanty evidence for or against and practice variation worldwide. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to explore the possibility of a risk-stratified approach for thromboembolism prophylaxis following radical prostatectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective database was accessed to cross-link venous thromboembolism events in 522 men who underwent minimally invasive prostatectomy between February 2010 and October 2021. A deterministic data linkage method was used to record events through electronic systems. Community Health Index (CHI) numbers were used to identify patients via electronic health records. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics such as age, comorbidities, Gleason staging, and readmission details accrued. OUTCOMES VTE within 90 days and development of a risk-stratified scoring system. All statistical analysis was performed using R-Statistical Software and the risk of VTE within 90 days of surgery was estimated via gradient-boosting decision trees (BRT) model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS 1.1% (6/522) of patients developed deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 3 months post-minimally invasive prostatectomy. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the body mass index (p = 0.016), duration of hospital stay (p < 0.001), and number of readmissions (p = 0.036) between patients who developed VTE versus patients who did not develop VTE. BRT analysis found 8 variables that demonstrated relative importance in predicting VTE. The receiver operating curves (ROC) were constructed to assess the discrimination power of a new model. The model showed an AUC of 0.97 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.945,0.999). For predicting VTE, a single-center study is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VTE post-minimally invasive prostatectomy in men who did not receive prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is low (1.1%). The proposed risk-scoring system may aid in the identification of higher-risk patients for thromboprophylaxis. In this report, we looked at the outcomes of venous thromboembolism following minimally invasive radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in consecutive men. We developed a new scoring system using advanced statistical analysis. We conclude that the VTE risk is very low and our model, if applied, can risk stratify men for the development of VTE following radical surgery for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hui Leong
- Academic Urology Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sushil Rodrigues Ranjan
- Academic Urology Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anna Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Vijaypur, Jammu, India
| | - Basim S O Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Academic Urology Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Aziz T, Qadir R, Anwar F, Naz S, Nazir N, Nabi G, Haiying C, Lin L, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF. Optimal Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Leaves of Pongamia pinnata via Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networking. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04875-w. [PMID: 38386143 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This research work seeks to evaluate the impact of selected enzyme complexes on the optimised release of phenolics from leaves of Pongamia pinnata. After preliminary solvent extraction, the P. pinnata leaf extract was subjected to enzymatic treatment, using enzyme cocktails such as kemzyme dry-plus, natuzyme, and zympex-014. It was noticed that zympex-014 had a greater extract yield (28.0%) than kemzyme dry-plus (17.0%) and natuzyme (18.0%). Based on the better outcomes, zympex-014-based extract values were subsequently applied to several RSM parameters. The selected model is suggested to be significant by the F value (12.50) and R2 value (0.9669). The applicability of the ANN model was shown by how closely the projected values from the ANN were to the experimental values. In terms of total phenolic contents (18.61 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid contents (12.56 mg CE/g), and DPPH test (IC50) (6.5 g/mL), antioxidant activities also shown significant findings. SEM analysis also revealed that the cell walls were damaged during enzymatic hydrolysis, as opposed to non-hydrolysed material. Using GC-MS, five potent phenolic compounds were identified in P. pinnata extract. According to the findings of this study, the recovery of phenolic bioactives and subsequent increase in the antioxidant capacity of P. pinnata leaf extract were both positively impacted by the optimisation approaches suggested, including the use of zympex-014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Rahman Qadir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-120, Poland
| | - Cui Haiying
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Wanghe K, Ahmad S, Zhou X, Tian F, Liu S, Zhou B, Nabi G, Wang G, Li K, Jian S, Jiang H, Chen S, Niu Y, Khan MI, Zhao K. Spatially explicit estimation of freshwater fish stock biomass with limited data: A case study of an endangered endemic fish on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168717. [PMID: 38008312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate evaluation of fish stock biomass is essential for effective conservation management and targeted species enhancement efforts. However, this remains challenging owing to limited data availability. Therefore, we present an integrated modeling framework combining catch per unit effort with ensemble species distribution modeling called CPUESDM, which explicitly assesses and validates the spatial distribution of stock biomass for freshwater fish species with limited data, applied to Herzensteinia microcephalus. The core algorithm incorporates the Leslie regression model, ensemble species distribution modeling, and exploratory spatial interpolation techniques. We found that H. microcephalus biomass in the Yangtze River source area yielded an initial estimate of 113.52 tons. Our validation results demonstrate high accuracy with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.78 and root mean square error of 0.05. Furthermore, our spatially-explicit, global, absolute biomass density map effectively identified areas with high and low concentrations of biomass distribution centers. Additionally, this study offers access to the source code, example raw data, and a step-by-step instruction manual for other researchers using field data to explore the application of this model. Our findings can help inform for future conservation efforts around fish stock biomass estimation, especially for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyuan Wanghe
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
| | - Shahid Ahmad
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China; Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Guojie Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center, Xining, China
| | - Kemao Li
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center, Xining, China
| | - Shenglong Jian
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center, Xining, China
| | - Huamin Jiang
- The Rescues Center of Qinghai-Lake Naked Carp, Xining, China
| | - Shengxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yimeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | | | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
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13
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Wu Q, Bates A, Guntur P, Shamim SA, Nabi G. Detection Rate of PSMA PET Using Different Ligands in Men with Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Radical Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:544-563. [PMID: 37770370 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the acknowledged diagnostic detection rate of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in prostate cancer, little is known about the quality of evidence, particularly focusing on prospective studies. Most systematic reviews are based on retrospective reports. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies reporting the diagnostic detection rate of PSMA PET (computed tomography (CT) and MR) for the detection of biochemically recurrent metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, from database until March 1, 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective studies using PSMA PET imaging in prostate cancer. The primary endpoint was to assess diagnostic detection rate of PSMA PET imaging in the detection of recurrent prostate cancer in men with biochemical relapse following radical treatment. We calculated the pooled overall diagnostic detection rate with 95% CI using a random-effects model and assessed the heterogeneity between the studies including risk of biases estimation. RESULTS A total of 6800 patients from 32 articles were included in this study. The overall detection rate of PSMA PET for prostate cancer was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.63, 0.71). For histologically confirmed lymph nodes, the PPV from 13 prospective studies containing 1496 patients was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93, 0.99). We performed a subgroup analysis of PSMA PET detection rates according to categorically grouped Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) values of 0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0, and >2.0 ng/ml and obtained detection rates of 0.44, 0.63, 0.82, and 0.94, respectively. The detection rate of 18F PSMA was better in men with a PSA between 1 ng/ml and 2 ng/ml in comparison to 68Ga PSMA (0.91 with 95% CI 0.81-0.99 vs. 0.79 with 95% CI 0.73, 0.85). CONCLUSION PSMA PET imaging provides a good detection rate for the metastatic recurrence of prostate cancer in men with biochemical relapse following radical treatment. The detection rate improves significantly above a serum PSA value of 1 ng/ml. The diagnostic detection rate of 18F-PSMA is best at PSA values between 1 and 2 ng/ml, in comparison to 68Ga PSMA. This conclusion is heavily biased, further research needs to focus on better methodology to minimize the risk of biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuo Wu
- Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
| | - Anthony Bates
- Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Shamim Ahmed Shamim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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14
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Lucocq J, Morgan L, Rathod K, Szewczyk-Bieda M, Nabi G. Validation of the updated Bosniak classification (2019) in pathologically confirmed CT-categorised cysts. Scott Med J 2024; 69:18-23. [PMID: 38111318 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231221235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The updated Bosniak classification in 2019 (v2019) addresses vague imaging terms and revises the criteria with the intent to categorise a higher proportion of cysts in lower-risk groups and reduce benign cyst resections. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer agreement rate of the original (v2005) and updated classifications (v2019). METHOD Resected/biopsied cysts were categorised according to Bosniak classifications (v2005 and v2019) and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed with reference to histopathological analysis. The inter-observer agreement of v2005 and v2019 was determined. RESULTS The malignancy rate of the cohort was 83.6% (51/61). Using v2019, a higher proportion of malignant cysts were categorised as Bosniak ≥ III (88.2% vs 84.3%) and a significantly higher percentage were categorised as Bosniak IV (68.9% vs 47.1%; p = 0.049) in comparison to v2005. v2019 would have resulted in less benign cyst resections (13.5% vs 15.7%). Calcified versus non-calcified cysts had lower rates of malignancy (57.1% vs 91.5%; RR,0.62; p = 0.002). The inter-observer agreement of v2005 was higher than that of v2019 (kappa, 0.70 vs kappa, 0.43). DISCUSSION The updated classification improves the categorisation of malignant cysts and reduces benign cyst resection. The low inter-observer agreement remains a challenge to the updated classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lucocq
- Department of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Leo Morgan
- Department of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Ketan Rathod
- Department of Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Department of Urology, Ninewells Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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15
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Krishnan J, Symington A, Kernohan N, Bray S, Robertson A, Nabi G. HMG co-reductase expression and response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with high grade non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer receiving statins. Scott Med J 2024; 69:3-9. [PMID: 37960856 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231213935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease affects over 7 million people in the UK and statins are often prescribed to mitigate cardiovascular risks. The effect of statins on a number of cancers is debated and their effect on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) responsiveness in non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer (NMIBC) is not fully understood. AIMS This study aims to explore the difference in HMG Co-A reductase (HMGCR) expression in NMIBC on immunochemistry in BCG responders and non-responders while on statins. METHOD Three hundred and thirty-two cases of intravesical BCG treatment for high-risk NMIBC between November 2003 and December 2017 were identified. Patients taking statins for at least 12 months before the diagnosis of NIMBC and with a follow-up of at least 5 years were included. They were divided into BCG responders and non-responders. Tumour tissue from these patients was immunohistochemically stained and quantitative image analysis carried out to assess and compare HMGCR expression in the groups. RESULTS & CONCLUSION This study showed a differential expression of HMGCR in responders vs. non-responders to BCG for high-risk NMIBC on statins. This data should form the basis of a further research and multi-centre study in a larger cohort, using HMGCR as a biomarker of response in patients on statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Krishnan
- Urology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Neil Kernohan
- Urology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Suan Bray
- Urology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Urology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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16
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Ahmad E, Jahangir M, Bukhari NI, Khan J, Sarwar A, Aziz T, Nabi G, Alharbi M, Thamer HA, Alasmari AF. Influence of quercetin on amiodarone pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:11211-11221. [PMID: 38095371 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amiodarone (AMD), a drug of choice to treat cardiac arrhythmias, has a narrow therapeutic index (NTI). It inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 enzymes. Quercetin (QUE), a pharmacologically important bioflavonoid in vegetables and fruits, is important in treating cardiovascular comorbidities. QUE alters the bioavailability of drugs used concurrently by dual inhibition of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) and cytochrome (CYP) enzyme systems. The current study aimed to investigate the pre-treatment and co-administration effect of QUE on AMD pharmacokinetics in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two separate animal trials (I and II) were planned to probe the effect of QUE on AMD pharmacokinetics by following previously cited studies. The pre-treatment group received oral doses of QUE for 14 days, and a single dose of AMD on the 15th day. Rats were administered single doses of QUE (20 mg/kg) and AMD (50 mg/kg) concurrently in a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the co-administration study. Blood was collected at pre-determined time points. AMD was quantified by HPLC, and data was analyzed by PK solver software. RESULTS In the pre-treated group, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of AMD were increased by 45.52% and 13.70%, respectively, while time to achieve maximum concentration (tmax), half-life (t1/2) and clearance (CL) were declined by 35.72%, 16.75%, and 11.0% respectively compared to the control. In the co-administered group, compared to controls, Cmax and AUC0-∞ were elevated to 12.90% and 7.80%, respectively, while tmax, t1/2, and CL declined by 16.70%, 2.35%, and 13.40%. Further, AMD was increased in lung tissue of both treated groups, relative to the respective controls. CONCLUSIONS A notable pharmacokinetic drug interaction between QUE and AMD was observed in rats and warrants possible drug interaction study in humans, suggesting AMD dose adjustment specifically in patients with arrhythmia having a pre-treatment history and simultaneous administration of QUE-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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17
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Sherzada S, Nauman Sharif M, Ali Q, Khan SA, Shah TA, El-Tabakh MAM, Aziz T, Nabi G, Alharbi M, Albekairi TH, Alasmari AF. Relative expression levels of growth hormone gene and growth rate in Indian major carp species. Acta Biochim Pol 2023; 70:943-949. [PMID: 37963236 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of growth is a leading factor for aquaculture success. The uneven growth of major Indian carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Cirrhinus mrigala) is a serious issue in fish culture from an economic point of view. The growth hormone (GH) gene is crucial for selection in commercially cultivated fish species for better growth and production. Indian major carp (L. rohita, C. catla, and C. mrigala) are commonly cultured in Pakistan. The GH expression was examined using qPCR to understand growth in fish species better. Muscle tissue samples (n=480) from 160 individuals of the same age were collected from three species (L. rohita, C. catla, and C. mrigala). Individuals were divided into two groups (high-weight and low-weight groups), cultured under normal conditions. The housekeeping gene β-actin validated GH expression in fast and slow-growing fishes from the same species. Results showed that GH expression varies across species and fish specimens that overweight their counterpart feature have higher GH expression. A selection for overweight fish in the aquaculture breeding systems is preferable as those fish could inherit their genomics to the future cohort, enhancing production, and commercial profit for farmers. Comprehensive research about different growth genes and the environmental aspects that influence fish growth is mandatory. No work has been reported regarding the growth gene analysis of fish from Pakistan. This report was Pakistan's first and baseline study regarding growth analysis of main culturable fish species at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Sherzada
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akram Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Nabi G. Retraction of manuscripts: An exercise to ensure scholarly correctness and academic integrity. Scott Med J 2023; 68:131. [PMID: 37964562 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231211415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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19
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Zhang D, Yin H, Wu C, Li S, Nabi G, Peng L, Mao X, Jin Z, Li Z, Su X, Huang H. CTM2-2023-06-1111: Targeting regulatory T-cells in pancreas during acute pancreatitis: Programmed-death 1 blockage as a potential therapeutic for infectious pancreatic necrosis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1472. [PMID: 37987154 PMCID: PMC10660819 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoju Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
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20
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Zhang HM, Ke HT, Ahmed MR, Li YJ, Nabi G, Li MH, Zhang JY, Liu D, Zhao LX, Liu BR. Endoscopic transgastric fenestration versus percutaneous drainage for management of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections adjacent to gastric wall (with video). World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5557-5565. [PMID: 37970477 PMCID: PMC10642437 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i40.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous drainage (PCD) and endoscopic approaches have largely replaced surgical drainage as the initial approach for (peri) pancreatic fluid collections (PFC)s, while complications associated with endoscopic stent implantation are common. AIM To introduce a novel endoscopic therapy named endoscopic transgastric fenestration (ETGF), which involves resection of tissue by endoscopic accessory between gastric and PFCs without stent implantation, and to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared with PCD for the management of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall. METHODS Patients diagnosed with PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall and who subsequently received ETGF or PCD were restrospectively enrolled. Indications for intervention were consistent with related guidelines. We analyzed patients baseline characteristics, technical and clinical success rate, recurrence and reintervention rate, procedure-related complications and adverse events. RESULTS Seventy-two eligible patients were retrospectively identified (ETGF = 34, PCD = 38) from October 2017 to May 2021. Patients in the ETGF group had a significantly higher clinical success rate than those in the PCD group (97.1 vs 76.3%, P = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences regarding recurrence, reintervention and incidence of complication between the two groups. While long-term catheter drainage was very common in the PCD group. CONCLUSION Compared with PCD, ETGF has a higher clinical success rate in the management of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall. ETGF is an alternative effective strategy for the treatment of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ting Ke
- Department of Ultrasound, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436099, Hubei Province, China
| | - Md Robin Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya-Juan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31120, Poland
| | - Mu-Han Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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21
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Gao Y, Han X, Li X, Tang S, Zhang C, Yang X, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Nabi G, Ni X. Anesthesia and surgery induce changes in endogenous brain protective protein (RNF146) and delirium-like behavior in aged rats. Acta Biochim Pol 2023; 70:865-873. [PMID: 37883680 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. RNF146 has neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and chronic neurological diseases. However, whether RNF146 expression is related to the occurrence and development of POD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether RNF146 is involved in the occurrence of POD. METHODS (Sprague-Dawley) male rats (18 months old) were splenectomized under sevoflurane anesthesia. The cognitive function of rats at 1, 3, and 7 d after anesthesia and surgery was evaluated. Changes in the expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10, and RNF146 were measured in the hippocampus in both control group (con) and anesthesia (AS) group. We examined cognitive outcomes and expression of inflammatory factors and RNF146 in con and AS mice using cluster analysis. RESULTS The cognitive ability and mobility of rats after anesthesia and surgery at day 1, 3, and 7 decreased, especially at day 3. Similarly, the expression of neuroinflammatory factors and RNF146 increased after anesthesia and surgery at day 1, 3, and 7, and the increase was highest at day 3. The clustering and correlation analysis of RNF146 expression in the hippocampi of elderly rats revealed a correlation between POD and neuroinflammation resulting from anesthesia and surgery. CONCLUSION Anesthesia and surgery can lead to POD and neuroinflammation. The expression of RNF146 correlates with delirium and neuroinflammation caused by anesthesia and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Gao
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; 2Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xu Han
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; 2Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; 2Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Shaling Tang
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; 2Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China; 2Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 31120, Poland
| | - Xinli Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, Chin
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22
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Wu J, Li Y, Nabi G, Huang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang L. Exosome and lipid metabolism-related genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a prognosis analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11331-11368. [PMID: 37857015 PMCID: PMC10637811 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of exosome and lipid metabolism-related genes (EALMRGs) mRNA levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PAAD). METHODS The mRNA expression pattern of PAAD and pan-cancers with prognostic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. EALMRGs were acquired from GeneCards and MSigDB database after merging and deduplication. Prognostic EALMRGs were screened through univariate COX regression analysis, and a prognostic model was constructed based on these genes by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The prognostic value of EALMRGs was then validated in pan-cancer data. The time characteristics ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the prognostic genes. RESULTS We identified 5 hub genes (ABCB1, CAP1, EGFR, PPARG, SNCA) according to high and low-risk groups of prognoses. The risk formula was verified in three other cohort of pancreatic cancer patients and was explored in pan-cancer data. Additionally, T cell and dendritic cell infiltration was significantly increased in low-risk group. The expression of the 5 hub genes was also identified in single-cell sequencing data of pancreatic cancer with pivotal pathways. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis based on pancreatic cancer data in pancreatic cancer showed that protein serine/threonine kinase activity, focal adhesion, actin binding, cell-substrate junction, organic acid transport, and regulation of transporter activity were significant related to the expression of genes in EALMRGs. CONCLUSIONS Our risk formula shows potential prognostic value in multiple cancers and manifest pivotal alterations in immune infiltration and biological pathway in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanzhen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Liya Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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23
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Zaman Y, Ishaque MZ, Yousaf Y, Shahzad M, Siddique AB, Arshad MI, Sajid M, Ali N, Nabi G. Physical properties of multifunctional TM-doped ZnO nanorods and their photocatalytic and anti-bacterial activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:95860-95874. [PMID: 37561304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn1-xCuxO (x = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method. The impact of dopant concentration on the physical properties was investigated along with the anti-bacterial and photocatalytic activities. Synthesis of ZnO nanorods was confirmed by the characteristic band at 380 nm in UV-Visible spectra of the synthesized samples. A red shift in absorbance spectra was observed from 380 to 465 nm with an increase in dopant concentration. The hexagonal wurtzite geometry and rod-like morphology of Cu-doped ZnO nanorods having an average size of 29 nm were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. An increase in the crystallinity of the material was observed with an increase in the dopant (Cu) ratio without any alteration in geometry. EDX analysis was used to confirm the purity of samples. FTIR spectra were recorded to explore the functional group present in samples. The hysteresis loop drawn by a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) was utilized to analyze the ferromagnetic behavior. As-synthesized pure and Cu-ZnO nanorods were evaluated for their photocatalytic behavior for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. Zn1 - xCuxO with x = 4.5%, pH 3, and catalyst dosage of 0.5 g has shown the maximum efficiency. Results elucidated > 81% degradation of MO dye with a rate constant (k) value of - 1.930 × 10-2 min-1 in just 90 min of exposure to a visible light source. ZnO nanorods have also exhibited anti-bacterial potential against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria. However, smaller size nanorods were found more effective to suppress the growth of gram-negative bacteria. A slight decrease (11%) in catalytic potential was observed in the 5th cycle during recycling and reuse experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Zaman
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Yousaf
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-Salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Zhang Q, Li M, Yin Y, Ge S, Li D, Ahmad IM, Nabi G, Sun Y, Luo X, Li D. Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species, the Eurasian tree sparrow. Integr Zool 2023; 18:891-905. [PMID: 36880561 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mo Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiyong Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Faculty of Biodiversity and Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ibrahim M Ahmad
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Faculty of Biodiversity and Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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25
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Alghamdi D, Kernohan N, Li C, Nabi G. Comparative Assessment of Different Ultrasound Technologies in the Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4105. [PMID: 37627133 PMCID: PMC10452802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy of different ultrasound scanning technologies in the detection of prostate cancer. A systematic search was conducted using the Cochrane Guidelines for Screening and Diagnostic Tests. We performed a systematic search in the international databases PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane Library. Searches were designed to find all studies that evaluated Micro-US, mpUS, SWE and CEUS as the main detection modalities for prostate cancer. This study was registered with Research Registry of systematic review and meta-analysis. The QUADAS-2 tool was utilized to perform quality assessment and bias analysis. The literature search generated 1376 studies. Of these, 320 studies were screened for eligibility, with 1056 studies being excluded. Overall, 26 studies with a total of 6370 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity for grayscale, CEUS, SWE, Micro-US and mpUS modalities were 0.66 (95% CI 0.54-0.73) 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.88), 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.90), 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.94) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.71-1.03), respectively. Moreover, the pooled specificity for grayscale, CEUS, SWE, Micro-US and mpUS modalities were 0.56 (95% CI 0.21-0.90), 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.88), 0.76 (95% CI 0.65-0.88), 0.43 (95% CI 0.28-0.59) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.81), respectively. In terms of sensitivity, substantial heterogeneity between studies was detected (I2 = 72%, p = 0.000 < 0.05). In relation to specificity, extreme heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 93%, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Some studies proved that advanced ultrasound modalities such as mpUS, Micro-US, shear-wave elastography, contrast enhanced and micro-ultrasound are promising methods for the detection of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Alghamdi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Kernohan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD9 1SY, UK;
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK;
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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26
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Xu Z, Lin X, Zeng H, Ma X, Nabi G, Abidin ZU, Wang L, Wang L. Immune regulation in gastric adenocarcinoma is linked with therapeutic efficacy and improved recovery. Front Genet 2023; 14:1238248. [PMID: 37636266 PMCID: PMC10450621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1238248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas are one of the most common histological types of gastric cancer. It has been ranked fifth among common cancers and is the third among death causing cancers worldwide. The high mortality rate among patients with gastric cancer is because of its silent evolution, genetic heterogeneity, high resistance to chemotherapy as well as unavailability of highly effective therapeutic strategy. Until now a number of several treatment strategies have been developed and are being practiced such as surgery, chemotherapy, radio therapy, and immunotherapy, however, further developments are required to improve the treatment responses and reduce the side effects. Therefore, novel personal therapeutic strategies based on immunological responses should be developed by targeting different check points and key immune players. Targeting macrophages and related molecular elements can be useful to achieve these goals. In this minireview, we discuss the available treatment options, molecular underpinnings and immunological regulations associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. We further describe the possible check points and immunological targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ximin Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haotian Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Kabir Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Luolin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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27
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Wu Q, Nabi G. Systematic reviews and data analyses: Guide to clinical practice and research. Scott Med J 2023; 68:69-71. [PMID: 37605529 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231193888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuo Wu
- Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
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28
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Khan I, Mesalam A, Heo YS, Lee SH, Nabi G, Kong IK. Heat Stress as a Barrier to Successful Reproduction and Potential Alleviation Strategies in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2359. [PMID: 37508136 PMCID: PMC10376617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the adverse effects of global warming on all living beings have been unanimously recognized across the world. A high environmental temperature that increases the respiration and rectal temperature of cattle is called heat stress (HS), and it can affect both male and female reproductive functions. For successful reproduction and fertilization, mature and healthy oocytes are crucial; however, HS reduces the developmental competence of oocytes, which compromises reproduction. HS disturbs the hormonal balance that plays a crucial role in successful reproduction, particularly in reducing the luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels, which leads to severe problems such as poor follicle development with a poor-quality oocyte and problems related to maturity, silent estrus, abnormal or weak embryo development, and pregnancy loss, resulting in a declining reproduction rate and losses for the cattle industry. Lactating cattle are particularly susceptible to HS and, hence, their reproduction rate is substantially reduced. Additionally, bulls are also affected by HS; during summer, semen quality and sperm motility decline, leading to compromised reproduction. In summer, the conception rate is reduced by 20-30% worldwide. Although various techniques, such as the provision of water sprinklers, shade, and air conditioning, are used during summer, these methods are insufficient to recover the normal reproduction rate and, therefore, special attention is needed to improve reproductive efficiency and minimize the detrimental effect of HS on cattle during summer. The application of advanced reproductive technologies such as the production of embryos in vitro, cryopreservation during the hot season, embryo transfer, and timed artificial insemination may minimize the detrimental effects of HS on livestock reproduction and recover the losses in the cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yun Seok Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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29
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Wang S, Khan S, Nabi G, Li HY. Circadian rhythm as a key player in cancer progression as well as a therapeutic target in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1240676. [PMID: 37503323 PMCID: PMC10369080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1240676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer types with less than one year prognosis in metastatic disease, which poses a huge disease burden. One of the key players in poor prognosis is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which also contributes to the pathogenesis of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Trastuzumab is used as first-line chemotherapy that targets the expression of HER2, however, trastuzumab resistance is an inevitable major problem. To overcome this problem, readjustment of the circadian system may play a crucial role, as dysregulation in the expression of circadian clock genes has been observed in tumors. Therefore, pharmacological modulation of clock components can be considered for better efficacy of trastuzumab. In this review, we discuss the association of circadian clock with cancer progression, development, and treatment. Metformin-based chronotherapy can disrupt BMAL1-CLOCK-PER1-HK2 axis, thereby affecting glycolysis oscillation to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Wei C, Szewczyk-Bieda M, Bates AS, Donnan PT, Rauchhaus P, Gandy S, Ragupathy SKA, Singh P, Coll K, Serhan J, Wilson J, Nabi G. Multicenter Randomized Trial Assessing MRI and Image-guided Biopsy for Suspected Prostate Cancer: The MULTIPROS Study. Radiology 2023; 308:e221428. [PMID: 37489992 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The optimal diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer (PCa) is evolving, requiring further evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy of prebiopsy multiparametric MRI in the identification of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) using radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens as the reference standard, and to test the diagnostic accuracy of combined US and MRI fusion-targeted biopsy with systematic biopsies. Materials and Methods In a prospective randomized controlled trial including university hospitals, men with suspected PCa were recruited between January 2015 and August 2020 to assess the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI before biopsy in detection of csPCa at biopsy and RP histopathologic structure (primary outcome). Men with lesions suspicious for cancer (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System [PI-RADS] ≥3) at multiparametric MRI were first randomized to either systematic random prostate biopsies alone (control group) or US and MRI fusion-targeted biopsies with systematic random prostate biopsies (intervention group) at a one-to-one ratio to compare the diagnostic accuracy of systematic random versus combined fusion with systematic random biopsies (secondary outcome). A subset of recruited participants (n = 89) underwent RP and histologic sectioning. Results There were 582 participants who were eligible to undergo multiparametric MRI (mean age, 65 years ± 6 [SD]). In total, 413 had a PI-RADS score of at least 3 and were randomized into either the intervention group (207 of 413; 50.1%) or control group (206 of 413; 49.9%). The csPCa detection rate in the intervention group was higher, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.79; P = .01). A subgroup of 89 men underwent RP (21.5%; 89 of 413). Multiparametric MRI helped correctly identify 131 of 182 csPCa foci in 89 men (sensitivity, 72%; 95% CI: 65, 78). The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 71% (91 of 128), 78% (131 of 168), and 64% (91 of 142), respectively. Conclusion Prebiopsy multiparametric MRI was accurate in the depiction of clinically significant PCa. Combining US and MRI fusion-targeted biopsies with systematic biopsies helped detect more clinically significant lesions than did systematic biopsies alone. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02745496 © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Magdalena Szewczyk-Bieda
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Anthony S Bates
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Peter T Donnan
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Petra Rauchhaus
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Stephen Gandy
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Senthil Kumar Arcot Ragupathy
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Paras Singh
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Katherine Coll
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Jonathan Serhan
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 9SY (C.W., A.S.B., G.N.); Department of Clinical Radiology (M.S.B.), Department of Medical Physics (S.G.), and Department of Cellular Pathology (J.W.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine (P.T.D.) and Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (P.R., K.C.), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK (S.K.A.R.); Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK (P.S.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK (J.S.)
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Wani M, Al-Mitwalli A, Mukherjee S, Nabi G, Somani BK, Abbaraju J, Madaan S. Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Post-Prostatectomy Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3979. [PMID: 37373673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the recommended treatments to achieve oncological outcomes in localized prostate cancer. However, a radical prostatectomy is a major abdominopelvic surgery. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication associated with surgical procedures, including RP. There is a lack of consensus regarding VTE prophylaxis in urological procedures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate different aspects of VTE in post-radical prostatectomy patients. A comprehensive literature search was performed, and relevant data were extracted. The primary aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis (wherever possible) of VTE occurrence in post-RP patients in relation to surgical approach, pelvic lymph node dissection, and type of prophylaxis (mechanical or combined prophylaxis). The secondary aim was to investigate the incidence and other risk factors of VTE in post-RP patients. A total of 16 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Statistical methods for analysis included the DerSimonian-Laird random effects. We were able to conclude that the overall incidence of VTE in post-radical prostatectomy is 1% (95% CI) and minimally invasive procedures (MIS), including laparoscopic, as well as robotic procedures for radical prostatectomy and RP without pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), are associated with less risk of developing VTE. Additional pharmacological prophylaxis to mechanical methods may not be necessary in all cases and should be considered in high-risk patients only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Wani
- Department of Urology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | | | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Bhaskar K Somani
- Urological Surgery Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jayasimha Abbaraju
- Department of Urology & Nephrology, Dartford, and Gravesham NHS Trust, Dartford DA2 8DA, UK
| | - Sanjeev Madaan
- Department of Urology & Nephrology, Dartford, and Gravesham NHS Trust, Dartford DA2 8DA, UK
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Ageeli W, Soha N, Zhang X, Szewcyk-Bieda M, Wilson J, Li C, Nabi G. Preoperative imaging accuracy in size determination of prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localised disease. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:105. [PMID: 37286770 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the accuracy of pre-surgical prostate size measurements using mpMRI and USWE with imaging-based 3D-printed patient-specific whole-mount moulds facilitated histopathology, and to assess whether size assessment varies between clinically significant and non-significant cancerous lesions including their locations in different zones of the prostate. METHODS The study population included 202 men with clinically localised prostate cancer opting for radical surgery derived from two prospective studies. Protocol-based imaging data was used for measurement of size of prostate cancer in clinically localised disease using MRI (N = 106; USWE (N = 96). Forty-eight men overlapped between two studies and formed the validation cohort. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the accuracy of pre-surgical prostate cancerous size measurements using mpMRI and USWE with imaging-based 3D-printed patient-specific whole-mount moulds facilitated histopathology as a reference standard. Independent-samples T-tests were used for the continuous variables and a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was applied to examine the distribution and median differences between mpMRI and USWE groups. RESULTS A significant number of men had underestimation of prostate cancer using both mpMRI (82.1%; 87/106) and USWE (64.6%; 62/96). On average, tumour size was underestimated by a median size of 7 mm in mpMRI, and 1 mm in USWE. There were 327 cancerous lesions (153 with mpMRI and 174 for USWE). mpMRI and USWE underestimated the majority of cancerous lesions (108/153; 70.6%) and (88/174; 50.6%), respectively. Validation cohort data confirmed these findings MRI had a nearly 20% higher underestimation rate than USWE (χ2 (1, N = 327) = 13.580, p = 0.001); especially in the mid and apical level of the gland. Clinically non-significant cancers were underestimated in significantly higher numbers in comparison to clinically significant cancers. CONCLUSIONS Size measurement of prostate cancers on preoperative imaging utilising maximum linear extent technique, underestimated the extent of cancer. Further research is needed to confirm our observations using different sequences, methods and approaches for cancer size measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ageeli
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Al Maarefah Rd, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabi Soha
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Stoniute A, Madhuvrata P, Still M, Barron-Millar E, Nabi G, Omar MI. Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD003781. [PMID: 37160401 PMCID: PMC10167789 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003781.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 16% of adults have symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB; urgency with frequency and/or urge incontinence), with prevalence increasing with age. Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used to treat this condition. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2002 and last updated in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of anticholinergic drugs compared with placebo or no treatment for treating overactive bladder syndrome in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Specialised Register, which contains trials identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings (searched 14 January 2020), and the reference lists of relevant articles. We updated this search on 3 May 2022, but these results have not yet been fully incorporated. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised or quasi-randomised trials in adults with overactive bladder syndrome that compared an anticholinergic drug alone with placebo treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data from the included studies, including an assessment of the risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of the body of evidence using the GRADE approach. We processed data as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. MAIN RESULTS We included 104 studies, 71 of which were new or updated for this version of the review. Although 12 studies did not report the number of participants, there were 47,106 people in the remainder of the included studies. The majority of the studies had insufficient information to allow judgement of risk of bias and we judged them to be unclear for all domains. Nine anticholinergic drugs were included in these studies: darifenacin; fesoterodine; imidafenacin; oxybutynin; propantheline; propiverine; solifenacin; tolterodine and trospium. No studies were found that compared anticholinergic drugs to no treatment. At the end of the treatment period, anticholinergics may slightly increase condition-specific quality of life (mean difference (MD) 4.41 lower, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.28 lower to 3.54 lower (scale range -100 to 0); 12 studies, 6804 participants; low-certainty evidence). Anticholinergics are probably better than placebo in terms of patient perception of cure or improvement (risk ratio (RR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.66; 9 studies, 8457 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and the mean number of urgency episodes per 24-hour period (MD 0.85 lower, 95% CI 1.03 lower to 0.67 lower; 23 studies, 16,875 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Compared to placebo, anticholinergics may result in an increase in dry mouth adverse events (RR 3.50, 95% CI 3.26 to 3.75; 66 studies, 38,368 participants; low-certainty evidence), and may result in an increased risk of urinary retention (RR 3.52, 95% CI 2.04 to 6.08; 17 studies, 7862 participants; low-certainty evidence). Taking anticholinergics may be more likely to lead to participants withdrawing from the studies due to adverse events (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56; 61 studies, 36,943 participants; low-certainty evidence). However, taking anticholinergics probably reduces the mean number of micturitions per 24-hour period compared to placebo (MD 0.85 lower, 95% CI 0.98 lower to 0.73 lower; 30 studies, 19,395 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The use of anticholinergic drugs by people with overactive bladder syndrome results in important but modest improvements in symptoms compared with placebo treatment. In addition, recent studies suggest that this is generally associated with only modest improvement in quality of life. Adverse effects were higher with all anticholinergics compared with placebo. Withdrawals due to adverse effects were also higher for all anticholinergics except tolterodine. It is not known whether any benefits of anticholinergics are sustained during long-term treatment or after treatment stops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akvile Stoniute
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Priya Madhuvrata
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Madeleine Still
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Evelyn Barron-Millar
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Section of Academic Urology, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Muhammad Imran Omar
- Guidelines Office, European Association of Urology, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Nabi G. Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and digitalisation of healthcare: Convergence of science and technology. Scott Med J 2023; 68:37-38. [PMID: 37211695 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231173302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Professor and Head, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, Clinical Director for the Centre of Medical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Zu K, Zhang C, Chen F, Zhang Z, Ahmad S, Nabi G. Latitudinal gradients of angiosperm plant diversity and phylogenetic structure in China’s nature reserves. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Ogbonnaya CN, Alsaedi BSO, Alhussaini AJ, Hislop R, Pratt N, Nabi G. Radiogenomics Reveals Correlation between Quantitative Texture Radiomic Features of Biparametric MRI and Hypoxia-Related Gene Expression in Men with Localised Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072605. [PMID: 37048688 PMCID: PMC10095552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform multiscale correlation analysis between quantitative texture feature phenotypes of pre-biopsy biparametric MRI (bpMRI) and targeted sequence-based RNA expression for hypoxia-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Images from pre-biopsy 3T bpMRI scans in clinically localised PCa patients of various risk categories (n = 15) were used to extract textural features. The genomic landscape of hypoxia-related gene expression was obtained using post-radical prostatectomy tissue for targeted RNA expression profiling using the TempO-sequence method. The nonparametric Games Howell test was used to correlate the differential expression of the important hypoxia-related genes with 28 radiomic texture features. Then, cBioportal was accessed, and a gene-specific query was executed to extract the Oncoprint genomic output graph of the selected hypoxia-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Based on each selected gene profile, correlation analysis using Pearson's coefficients and survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimators were performed. RESULTS The quantitative bpMR imaging textural features, including the histogram and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), correlated with three hypoxia-related genes (ANGPTL4, VEGFA, and P4HA1) based on RNA sequencing using the TempO-Seq method. Further radiogenomic analysis, including data accessed from the cBioportal genomic database, confirmed that overexpressed hypoxia-related genes significantly correlated with a poor survival outcomes, with a median survival ratio of 81.11:133.00 months in those with and without alterations in genes, respectively. CONCLUSION This study found that there is a correlation between the radiomic texture features extracted from bpMRI in localised prostate cancer and the hypoxia-related genes that are differentially expressed. The analysis of expression data based on cBioportal revealed that these hypoxia-related genes, which were the focus of the study, are linked to an unfavourable survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Ogbonnaya
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 441103, Nigeria
| | - Basim S O Alsaedi
- Statistics Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer J Alhussaini
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Department of Medical Imaging, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 1300, Kuwait
| | - Robert Hislop
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Norman Pratt
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Eadie M, Liao J, Ageeli W, Nabi G, Krstajić N. Fiber Bundle Image Reconstruction Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Bundle Rotation in Endomicroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2469. [PMID: 36904673 PMCID: PMC10007631 DOI: 10.3390/s23052469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-bundle endomicroscopy has several recognized drawbacks, the most prominent being the honeycomb effect. We developed a multi-frame super-resolution algorithm exploiting bundle rotation to extract features and reconstruct underlying tissue. Simulated data was used with rotated fiber-bundle masks to create multi-frame stacks to train the model. Super-resolved images are numerically analyzed, which demonstrates that the algorithm can restore images with high quality. The mean structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) improved by a factor of 1.97 compared with linear interpolation. The model was trained using images taken from a single prostate slide, 1343 images were used for training, 336 for validation, and 420 for testing. The model had no prior information about the test images, adding to the robustness of the system. Image reconstruction was completed in 0.03 s for 256 × 256 images indicating future real-time performance is within reach. The combination of fiber bundle rotation and multi-frame image enhancement through machine learning has not been utilized before in an experimental setting but could provide a much-needed improvement to image resolution in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Eadie
- School of Science and Engineering, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Jinpeng Liao
- School of Science and Engineering, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Wael Ageeli
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Al Maarefah Rd, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Nikola Krstajić
- School of Science and Engineering, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Anbarasan T, Nissar S, Turbitt J, Walls K, McLuckie S, Clark C, Bourdon JC, Tracey J, Bray S, Shamsuddin A, Alcorn J, Jain S, Hislop R, Biyani CS, Nabi G. Urinary bladder recurrences following ureteroscopic biopsies of upper tract urothelial cancers: a multi-centre observational study with genomic assessment for clonality. Scott Med J 2023; 68:4-13. [PMID: 36576735 DOI: 10.1177/00369330221134233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Urinary bladder recurrences (UBRs) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNUx) are a known challenge in patients with upper-tract urothelial cancers (UTUCs). We aim to assess factors associated with UBR and clonal-relatedness with resected UTUC. METHODS Patients who underwent RNUx for UTUC between 1998 and 2015 in five institutions were identified. Clonal relatedness between primary UTUC and subsequent UBR in a sub-cohort was assessed using next-generation sequencing. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess differences in UBR between two groups (with or without ureteroscopic biopsy). RESULTS Of 267 patients with complete records, 73 (27.3%) had UBR during follow-up. The five-year UBR-free survival in all patients was 64.7%. The five-year UBR-free-survival was inferior in patients who underwent URS biopsy compared with patients who did not undergo ureteroscopic biopsy (49.9% vs 76.4%, p < 0.001). History of bladder tumour (HR, 95% CI; 2.94, 1.73-5.00, p < 0.001), ureteroscopic biopsy (HR, 95% CI; 2.21, 1.38-3.53, p = 0.001) and preoperative urine cytology ≥C3 (HR, 95% CI; 2.06, 1.24-3.40, p = 0.005) were independently associated with UBR. Patients with ureteroscopic biopsy (n = 3/5) showed identical mutational changes for common genes (TP53 and FGFR3) between primary UTUC and subsequent UBR. CONCLUSIONS Ureteroscopic biopsy of UTUC is a significant risk factor for UBR. Qualitative clonality assessment showed identical mutational signatures between primary UTUC and UBR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheikh Nissar
- Department of Urology, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, England, UK
| | - Julie Turbitt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kathryn Walls
- Tayside Centre for Genomic Analysis, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Sarah McLuckie
- Academic Urology Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Caroline Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Joel Tracey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Susan Bray
- Division of Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.,Tayside Biorepository (TBR), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Atlaf Shamsuddin
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jason Alcorn
- Department of Urology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Sunjay Jain
- Pyrah Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert Hislop
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Academic Urology Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Bates A, Wei C, Szewczyk-Bieda M, Donnan P, Rauchhaus P, Gandy S, Ragupathy S, Singh P, Coll K, Serhan J, Wilson J, Nabi G. A multicentre parallel-group randomised trial assessing multiparametric MRI characterisation and image-guided biopsy of prostate in men suspected of having prostate cancer: MULTIPROS study. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Nabi G. Mechanistic research closes the gap in knowledge gained from observational findings. Scott Med J 2023; 68:1. [PMID: 36787226 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231151800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Professor and Head, Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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41
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Hu P, Ali U, Aziz T, Wang L, Zhao J, Nabi G, Sameeh MY, Yu Y, Zhu Y. Investigating the effect on biogenic amines, nitrite, and N-nitrosamine degradation in cultured sausage ripening through inoculation of Staphylococcus xylosus and lactic acid bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156413. [PMID: 36970674 PMCID: PMC10033708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial inoculants can reinvent the value and edible security of cultured sausages. Various studies have demonstrated that starter cultures made up of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Staphylococcus xylosus (known as L-S) isolated from traditional fermented foods were used in fermented sausage manufacturing. Methods This study evaluated the impact of the mixed inoculation cultures on limiting biogenic amines, nitrite depletion, N-nitrosamine reduction, and quality metrics. Inoculation of sausages with the commercial starter culture (SBM-52) was evaluated for comparison. Results and discussion Results showed that the L-S strains could rapidly decrease the water activity (Aw) and pH of fermented sausages. The ability of the L-S strains to delay lipid oxidation was equivalent to the SBM-52 strains. The non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contents of L-S-inoculated sausages (0.31%) were higher than that of SBM-52-inoculated sausages (0.28%). After the ripening process, the nitrite residues in the L-S sausages were 1.47 mg/kg lower than in the SBM-52 sausages. Compared to the SBM-52 sausages, there was a 4.88 mg/kg reduction in the biogenic amines' concentrations in L-S sausage, especially for histamine and phenylethylamine concentrations. The N-nitrosamine accumulations of the L-S sausages (3.40 ug/kg) were lower than that of the SBM-52 sausages (3.70 ug/kg), and the NDPhA accumulations of the L-S sausages were 0.64 ug/kg lower than that of the SBM-52 sausages. Due to their significant contributions to nitrite depletion, biogenic amine reduction, and N-nitrosamine depletion in fermented sausages, the L-S strains have the potential to serve as an initial inoculant in the process of manufacturing fermented sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Hu
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lishi, Shanxi, China
| | - Urooj Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lishi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianying Zhao
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lishi, Shanxi, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanqin Yu
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lishi, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqin Yu, ; Yingchun Zhu,
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqin Yu, ; Yingchun Zhu,
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Siddique R, Awan FM, Nabi G, Khan S, Xue M. Chronic jet lag-like conditions dysregulate molecular profiles of neurological disorders in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1031448. [PMID: 36582489 PMCID: PMC9792783 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1031448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with neurological disorders often display altered circadian rhythms. The disrupted circadian rhythms through chronic jetlag or shiftwork are thought to increase the risk and severity of human disease including, cancer, psychiatric, and related brain diseases. Results In this study, we investigated the impact of shiftwork or chronic jetlag (CJL) like conditions on mice's brain. Transcriptome profiling based on RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with serious neurological disorders were differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). According to the quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis, several key regulatory genes associated with neurological disorders were significantly altered in the NAc, PFC, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum. Serotonin levels and the expression levels of serotonin transporters and receptors were significantly altered in mice treated with CJL. Conclusion Overall, these results indicate that CJL may increase the risk of neurological disorders by disrupting the key regulatory genes, biological functions, serotonin, and corticosterone. These molecular linkages can further be studied to investigate the mechanism underlying CJL or shiftwork-mediated neurological disorders in order to develop treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Suliman Khan, ;
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Mengzhou Xue,
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Siddique R, Abideen SA, Nabi G, Awan FM, Noor Khan S, Ullah F, Khan S, Xue M. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is a druggable target against glioblastoma: A computational investigation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1071929. [PMID: 36505741 PMCID: PMC9732544 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1071929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a key player in cancer and tissue homeostasis and regulates renewal of several stem cell types. The FGF2 role in malignant glioma is proven and tagged FGF2, a novel druggable target, is used for developing potent drugs against glioblastoma. In this study, Asinex 51412372, Asinex 51217461, and Asinex 51216586 were filtered to show the best binding affinity for FGF2 with binding energy scores of -8.3 kcal/mol, -8.2 kcal/mol, and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The compounds showed chemical interactions with several vital residues of FGF2 along the compound length. The noticeable residues that interacted with the compounds were Arg15, Asp23, Arg63, and Gln105. In dynamic investigation in solution, the FGF2 reported unstable dynamics in the first 100 ns and gained structural equilibrium in the second phase of 100 ns. The maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) value touched by the systems is 3 Å. Similarly, the residue flexibility of FGF2 in the presence of compounds was within a stable range and is compact along the simulation time length. The compounds showed robust atomic-level stable energies with FGF2, which are dominated by both van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. The net binding energy of systems varies between -40 kcal/mol and -86 kcal/mol, suggesting the formation of strong intermolecular docked complexes. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties also pointed toward good structures that are not toxic, have high gastric absorption, showed good distribution, and readily excreted from the body. In summary, the predicted compounds in this study might be ideal hits that might be further optimized for structure and activity during experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Uiversity, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Syed Ainul Abideen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, KraKow, Poland
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Medial Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Noor Khan
- Department of Medial Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ullah
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Uiversity, Zhengzhou, China,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Medial Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Suliman Khan, , ; Mengzhou Xue,
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Uiversity, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Suliman Khan, , ; Mengzhou Xue,
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Wanghe K, Feng C, Tang Y, Qi D, Ahmad S, Nabi G, Li X, Wang G, Jian L, Liu S, Zhao K, Tian F. Phylogenetic relationship and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris eckloni (Schizothoracinae) based on specific locus amplified fragments sequencing. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.933632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately delimiting phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status is important for understanding species diversity and distributions and devising effective strategies for biodiversity conservation. However, species delimitation is controversial in Gymnocypris eckloni, a schizothoracine fish endemic to the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The aim of this study is robustly identifying the phylogeny of G. eckloni in the Yellow River (YR) population and Qaidam basin (QB) population. The specific-locus amplified fragments sequencing (SLAF-seq) is employed with comprehensively sampling of schizothoracine fishes. In total, 350,181,802 clean reads and 5,114,096 SNPs are identified from SLAF-seq. Phylogenetic analysis recovers a non-monophyletic population of G. eckloni between YR and QB populations, representing an independent phylogenetic relationship between the two populations. Species delimitation analyses by SNAPPER and GMYC methods using the genome-wide SNP data confirm that their taxonomic statuses are separated. This study highlights the importance of further reconsidering clearer taxonomy, which would improve the genetic diversity conservation of Tibetan highland fishes.
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Ali I, Faraz Ud Din M, Cuzzupè DT, Fakharuddin A, Louis H, Nabi G, Gu ZG. Ti 3C 2T x-Modified PEDOT:PSS Hole-Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:7452. [PMID: 36364279 PMCID: PMC9655112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PSS is a commonly used hole-transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its compatibility with low-temperature solution processing. However, it possesses lower conductivity than other conductive polymers and metal oxides, along with surface defects, limiting its photovoltaic performance. In this study, we introduced two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx (MXene) as an additive in the PEDOT:PSS HTL with varying doping concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 wt.%) to tune the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS and to modify the properties of the perovskite film atop it. We noted that the grain size of the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI3) perovskite layer grown over an optimal concentration of MXene (0.03 wt.%)-doped PEDOT:PSS increased from 250 nm to 400 nm, reducing charge recombination due to fewer grain boundaries. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) revealed increased work function (WF) from 4.43 eV to 4.99 eV with 0.03 wt.% MXene doping, making the extraction of holes easier due to a more favorable energy level alignment with the perovskite. Quantum chemical investigations based on density functional theory (DFT) were conducted at the ωB97XD/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory to provide more insight into the stability, bonding nature, and optoelectronic properties of the PEDOT:PSS-MXene system. The theoretical investigations revealed that the doping of PEDOT:PSS with Ti3C2Tx could cause a significant effect on the electronic properties of the HTL, as experimentally demonstrated by an increase in the electrical conductivity. Finally, the inverted PSCs employing 0.03 wt.% MXene-doped PEDOT:PSS showed an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.1%, up from 12.5% for a reference PSC employing a pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL. The champion device with a 0.03 wt.% MXene-PEDOT:PSS HTL achieved 15.5% PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Ali
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Azhar Fakharuddin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar 1115, Nigeria
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Energy Materials Lab (Physics), University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liaqat M, Riaz KN, Iqbal T, Nabi G, Rizwan M, Shakil M. Fabrication of novel BiVO 4/Bi 2O 3heterostructure with superior visible light induced photocatalytic properties. Nanotechnology 2022; 34:015711. [PMID: 36195011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructure BiVO4/Bi2O3nanocomposites with enhanced visible light activity are effectively synthesized through an easiest and single step hydrothermal route, using bismuth subnitrate and ammonium meta-vanadate as main raw materials in existence of citric acid. The phase and surface structure, topography and optical properties of synthesized composites are characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-Visible and PL spectroscopy. It was found that 5%BiVO4/Bi2O3(BOBV-5) nanocomposite exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for rhodamine B dye degradation and tetracyclic under irradiation of visible light as compared to single component i.e. BiVO4. The increased photocatalytic activity should be ascribed for making p-n heterojunction among p-type Bi2O3and n-type BiVO4. This p-n heterojunction successfully reduce the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the BOBV-5 novel photocatalyst shows good stability in constructive five cycles and photocatalytic activity is best for conquering photo corrosion of a photocatalysts. To explain charge migration route, whole photocatalytic mechanism was described in terms of energy band structures. Furthermore, the present work is helpful effort for design of new visible light photocatalytic materials with heterojunction structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Liaqat
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shakil
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Heer R, Lewis R, Duncan A, Penegar S, Vadiveloo T, Clark E, Yu G, Mariappan P, Cresswell J, McGrath J, N'Dow J, Nabi G, Mostafid H, Kelly J, Ramsay C, Lazarowicz H, Allan A, Breckons M, Campbell K, Campbell L, Feber A, McDonald A, Norrie J, Orozco-Leal G, Rice S, Tandogdu Z, Taylor E, Wilson L, Vale L, MacLennan G, Hall E. Photodynamic versus white-light-guided resection of first-diagnosis non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: PHOTO RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-144. [PMID: 36300825 PMCID: PMC9639219 DOI: 10.3310/plpu1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 7500 people are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the UK annually. Recurrence following transurethral resection of bladder tumour is common, and the intensive monitoring schedule required after initial treatment has associated costs for patients and the NHS. In photodynamic diagnosis, before transurethral resection of bladder tumour, a photosensitiser that is preferentially absorbed by tumour cells is instilled intravesically. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour is then conducted under blue light, causing the photosensitiser to fluoresce. Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour offers better diagnostic accuracy than standard white-light-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour, potentially reducing the chance of subsequent recurrence. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour. DESIGN This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, parallel-group, non-masked, superiority randomised controlled trial. Allocation was by remote web-based service, using a 1 : 1 ratio and a minimisation algorithm balanced by centre and sex. SETTING The setting was 22 NHS hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged ≥ 16 years with a suspected first diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, no contraindications to photodynamic diagnosis and written informed consent were eligible. INTERVENTIONS Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour and standard white-light cystoscopy transurethral resection of bladder tumour. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary clinical outcome measure was the time to recurrence from the date of randomisation to the date of pathologically proven first recurrence (or intercurrent bladder cancer death). The primary health economic outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained at 3 years. RESULTS We enrolled 538 participants from 22 UK hospitals between 11 November 2014 and 6 February 2018. Of these, 269 were allocated to photodynamic diagnosis and 269 were allocated to white light. A total of 112 participants were excluded from the analysis because of ineligibility (n = 5), lack of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosis following transurethral resection of bladder tumour (n = 89) or early cystectomy (n = 18). In total, 209 photodynamic diagnosis and 217 white-light participants were included in the clinical end-point analysis population. All randomised participants were included in the cost-effectiveness analysis. Over a median follow-up period of 21 months for the photodynamic diagnosis group and 22 months for the white-light group, there were 86 recurrences (3-year recurrence-free survival rate 57.8%, 95% confidence interval 50.7% to 64.2%) in the photodynamic diagnosis group and 84 recurrences (3-year recurrence-free survival rate 61.6%, 95% confidence interval 54.7% to 67.8%) in the white-light group (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.28; p = 0.70). Adverse event frequency was low and similar in both groups [12 (5.7%) in the photodynamic diagnosis group vs. 12 (5.5%) in the white-light group]. At 3 years, the total cost was £12,881 for photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour and £12,005 for white light. There was no evidence of differences in the use of health services or total cost at 3 years. At 3 years, the quality-adjusted life-years gain was 2.094 in the photodynamic diagnosis transurethral resection of bladder tumour group and 2.087 in the white light group. The probability that photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour was cost-effective was never > 30% over the range of society's cost-effectiveness thresholds. LIMITATIONS Fewer patients than anticipated were correctly diagnosed with intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer before transurethral resection of bladder tumour and the ratio of intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was higher than expected, reducing the number of observed recurrences and the statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour did not reduce recurrences, nor was it likely to be cost-effective compared with white light at 3 years. Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour is not supported in the management of primary intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. FUTURE WORK Further work should include the modelling of appropriate surveillance schedules and exploring predictive and prognostic biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as ISRCTN84013636. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research ( NIHR ) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Heer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anne Duncan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Steven Penegar
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Thenmalar Vadiveloo
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emma Clark
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ge Yu
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Joanne Cresswell
- Department of Urology, South Tees Hospitals NHS Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Urology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - James N'Dow
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hugh Mostafid
- Department of Urology, Basingstoke and North Hampshire NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - John Kelly
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Craig Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Henry Lazarowicz
- Department of Urology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Allan
- Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Matthew Breckons
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Campbell
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Louise Campbell
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andy Feber
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alison McDonald
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Norrie
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giovany Orozco-Leal
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Rice
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zafer Tandogdu
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Wilson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luke Vale
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emma Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Heer R, Lewis R, Vadiveloo T, Yu G, Mariappan P, Cresswell J, McGrath J, Nabi G, Mostafid H, Lazarowicz H, Kelly J, Duncan A, Penegar S, Breckons M, Wilson L, Clark E, Feber A, Orozco-Leal G, Tandogdu Z, Taylor E, N'Dow J, Norrie J, Ramsay C, Rice S, Vale L, MacLennan G, Hall E. A Randomized Trial of PHOTOdynamic Surgery in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. NEJM Evid 2022; 1:EVIDoa2200092. [PMID: 38319866 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PDD or WL Resection of Tumors in NMIBCIn this open-label trial, patients with intermediate- or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer at diagnosis were randomly assigned to photodynamic diagnosis or white light-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Three-year recurrence-free rates were 57.8% and 61.6% in the PDD and WL groups, respectively, with no difference in quality-adjusted life years between the treatment groups at 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thenmalar Vadiveloo
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ge Yu
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paramananthan Mariappan
- Edinburgh Bladder Cancer Surgery, Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
| | | | - John McGrath
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Mostafid
- Basingstoke and North Hampshire NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Lazarowicz
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Kelly
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Anne Duncan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matt Breckons
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Wilson
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Clark
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Feber
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | | | - Zafer Tandogdu
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | | | - James N'Dow
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John Norrie
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh
| | - Craig Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Rice
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Vale
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London
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Nabi G. Surgical procedure time and postoperative complications: Quality assurance of intraoperative events. Scott Med J 2022; 67:79. [PMID: 35929721 DOI: 10.1177/00369330221112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Zubair H, Shamas S, Ullah H, Nabi G, Huma T, Ullah R, Hussain R, Shahab M. Morphometric and Myelin Basic Protein Expression Changes in Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons Underlie Activation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal-axis in Monkeys ( Macaca Mulatta) during the Breeding Season. Endocr Res 2022; 47:113-123. [PMID: 35866239 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2022.2102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kisspeptin is involved in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal-axis' seasonal regulation in rodents and sheep. Studies of kisspeptin signaling in regulating the transition between breeding and nonbreeding seasons have focused on kisspeptin expression, myelin basic protein (MBP) expression around kisspeptin-ir cells, and quantifying the synaptic connections between kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in various animal models; however, the role of kisspeptin in regulating the seasonal breeding of primates has not been explored yet. OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in kisspeptin signaling during breeding and a non-breeding season in a non-human primate model, the rhesus monkey. METHODS Three adult male monkeys (n = 3) from the breeding season and two monkeys (n = 2) from the non-breeding season were used in this study. After measuring the testicular volume and collecting a single blood sample, all animals were humanely euthanized under controlled conditions, and their hypothalami were collected and processed. Two 20 µm thick hypothalamic sections (mediobasal hypothalamus) from each animal were processed for kisspeptin-MBP and kisspeptin-GnRH immunohistochemistry (IHC). One section from each animal was used as a primary antibody omitted control to check the nonspecific binding in each IHC. RESULTS Compared to the non-breeding season, plasma testosterone levels and testicular volumes were significantly higher in monkeys during the breeding season. Furthermore, compared to the non-breeding season, increased kisspeptin expression and a higher number of synaptic contacts between kisspeptin fibers and GnRH cell bodies were observed in the arcuate nucleus of the breeding season monkeys. In contrast, enlarged kisspeptin soma and higher MBP expression were observed in non-breeding monkeys. CONCLUSION Our results indicated enhanced kisspeptin signaling in primate hypothalamus during the breeding season. These findings support the idea that kisspeptin acts as a mediator for the seasonal regulation of the reproductive axis in higher primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shamas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tanzeel Huma
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Rashad Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro-medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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