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Rollo RF, Mori G, Hill TA, Hillemann D, Niemann S, Homolka S, Fairlie DP, Blumenthal A. Wollamide Cyclic Hexapeptides Synergize with Established and New Tuberculosis Antibiotics in Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0046523. [PMID: 37289062 PMCID: PMC10433873 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00465-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter and more effective treatment regimens as well as new drugs are urgent priorities for reducing the immense global burden of tuberculosis (TB). As treatment of TB currently requires multiple antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action, any new drug lead requires assessment of potential interactions with existing TB antibiotics. We previously described the discovery of wollamides, a new class of Streptomyces-derived cyclic hexapeptides with antimycobacterial activity. To further assess the value of the wollamide pharmacophore as an antimycobacterial lead, we determined wollamide interactions with first- and second-line TB antibiotics by determining fractional inhibitory combination index and zero interaction potency scores. In vitro two-way and multiway interaction analyses revealed that wollamide B1 synergizes with ethambutol, pretomanid, delamanid, and para-aminosalicylic acid in inhibiting the replication and promoting the killing of phylogenetically diverse clinical and reference strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Wollamide B1 antimycobacterial activity was not compromised in multi- and extensively drug-resistant MTBC strains. Moreover, growth-inhibitory antimycobacterial activity of the combination of bedaquiline/pretomanid/linezolid was further enhanced by wollamide B1, and wollamide B1 did not compromise the antimycobacterial activity of the isoniazid/rifampicin/ethambutol combination. Collectively, these findings add new dimensions to the desirable characteristics of the wollamide pharmacophore as an antimycobacterial lead compound. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects millions of people globally, with 1.6 million deaths annually. TB treatment requires combinations of multiple different antibiotics for many months, and toxic side effects can occur. Therefore, shorter, safer, more effective TB therapies are required, and these should ideally also be effective against drug-resistant strains of the bacteria that cause TB. This study shows that wollamide B1, a chemically optimized member of a new class of antibacterial compounds, inhibits the growth of drug-sensitive as well as multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from TB patients. In combination with TB antibiotics, wollamide B1 synergistically enhances the activity of several antibiotics, including complex drug combinations that are currently used for TB treatment. These new insights expand the catalogue of the desirable characteristics of wollamide B1 as an antimycobacterial lead compound that might inspire the development of improved TB treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Rollo
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Doris Hillemann
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Homolka
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Fabbian F, De Giorgi A, Ferrara F, Alfano G, Mori G, Di Maria A, Frisina M, Veronesi M, Storari A, Donati G. Comorbidity and in-hospital mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: data of the Emilia Romagna region of Italy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:6867-6875. [PMID: 37522699 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_33158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kidney failure increases in-hospital mortality (IHM); however, comorbidity is crucial for predicting mortality in dialysis patients. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of comorbidity, assessed by modified Elixhauser index (mEI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and age-adjusted CCI, on IHM in a cohort of peritoneal dialysis patients admitted to hospitals of the Emilia Romagna region (ERR) of Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS All hospital admissions of peritoneal dialysis patients recorded between 2007 and 2021 in the ERR database were analyzed. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was used for detecting diagnoses and procedures, and the inclusion criterion was code 5498. Comorbidity burden was evaluated by three different scores, and hemodialysis (HD) treatment need was considered. IHM was our outcome. RESULTS During the 15 years of the study, 3,242 hospitalized peritoneal dialysis patients (62.7% males) were evaluated. Mean age was 62.8±20.6 years, 9.6% underwent HD, and IHM was 5.9% (n=192). IHM mortality was stable throughout the study period. Deceased subjects were older, were hospitalized longer, had a higher comorbidity burden, and had a higher percentage of HD treatment needs than survivors. Age, male sex, comorbidity burden, and HD treatment were predictors of IHM. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis confirmed the impact of comorbidity burden on IHM, especially when age was considered. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in male, elderly hospitalized peritoneal dialysis patients with failing dialysis technique, comorbidity burden should be considered being a predictor of IHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fabbian
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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3
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Donovan ML, Bielefeldt‐Ohmann H, Rollo RF, McPherson S, Schultz TE, Mori G, Kling JC, Blumenthal A. Distinct contributions of the innate immune receptors TLR2 and RP105 to formation and architecture of structured lung granulomas in mice infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunology 2022; 169:13-26. [PMID: 36370035 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are key histopathological features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, with complex roles in pathogen control and dissemination. Thus, understanding drivers and regulators of granuloma formation is important for improving tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Yet, molecular mechanisms underpinning granuloma formation and dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we used low-dose Mtb infection of C57BL/6 mice, which elicits structured lung granulomas composed of central macrophage clusters encased by a lymphocyte mantle, alongside the disorganized lymphocyte and macrophage clusters commonly observed in Mtb-infected mice. Using gene-deficient mice, we observed that Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and the TLR-related Radioprotective 105 kDa protein (RP105) contributed to the extent and spatial positioning of pathology in infected lung tissues, consistent with functional cooperation between TLR2 and RP105 in the innate immune recognition of Mtb. In mice infected with the highly virulent Mtb clinical isolate HN878, TLR2, but not RP105, positively regulated the extent of central macrophage regions within structured granulomas. Moreover, RP105, but not TLR2, promoted the formation of structured lung granulomas, suggesting that the functions of RP105 as an innate immune sensor for Mtb reach beyond its roles as TLR2 co-receptor. TLR2 and RP105 contributions to lung pathology are governed by Mtb biology, as neither receptor affected the frequency or architecture of structured granulomas in mice infected with the reference strain Mtb H37Rv. Thus, by revealing distinctive as well as cooperative functions of TLR2 and RP105 in lung pathology, our data identify TLRs as molecular determinants of TB granuloma formation and architecture, and expand understanding of how interactions between innate immune receptors and Mtb shape TB disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg L. Donovan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt‐Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Rachel F. Rollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Thomas E. Schultz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Jessica C. Kling
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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Boncinelli V, Barbero G, Lenzi E, Genazzani A, Mori G, Molo M, Piaggi P, Rossetto C, Rossi R, Tampelli A, Tomà F, Veglia F, Caruso S. Corrélation entre l’imaginaire érotique et le désir sexuel d’un échantillon d’hommes et de femmes italiens : une étude observationnelle de la Fédération italienne de sexologie scientifique (FISS). Sexologies 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Domínguez Cadena LC, Schultz TE, Zamoshnikova A, Donovan ML, Mathmann CD, Yu CH, Mori G, Stow JL, Blumenthal A. Rab6b localizes to the Golgi complex in murine macrophages and promotes tumor necrosis factor release in response to mycobacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:1067-1076. [PMID: 34555867 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the host control of mycobacterial infections. Expression and release of TNF are tightly regulated, yet the molecular mechanisms that control the release of TNF by mycobacteria-infected host cells, in particular macrophages, are incompletely understood. Rab GTPases direct the transport of intracellular membrane-enclosed vesicles and are important regulators of macrophage cytokine secretion. Rab6b is known to be predominantly expressed in the brain where it functions in retrograde transport and anterograde vesicle transport for exocytosis. Whether it executes similar functions in the context of immune responses is unknown. Here we show that Rab6b is expressed by primary mouse macrophages, where it localized to the Golgi complex. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) resulted in dynamic changes in Rab6b expression in primary mouse macrophages in vitro as well as in organs from infected mice in vivo. We further show that Rab6b facilitated TNF release by M. bovis BCG-infected macrophages, in the absence of discernible impact on Tnf messenger RNA and intracellular TNF protein expression. Our observations identify Rab6b as a positive regulator of M. bovis BCG-induced TNF trafficking and secretion by macrophages and positions Rab6b among the molecular machinery that orchestrates inflammatory cytokine responses by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Domínguez Cadena
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas E Schultz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Zamoshnikova
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meg L Donovan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carmen D Mathmann
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chien-Hsiung Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Av-Gay Y, Mori G, Pasca MR. Editorial: New Approaches Against Drug-Resistant M. tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681420. [PMID: 33936024 PMCID: PMC8081967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yossef Av-Gay
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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8
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Mori G, Pasca MR. Gut Microbial Signatures in Sporadic and Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031312. [PMID: 33525662 PMCID: PMC7865401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death and the third most common cancer in the world. Depending on the origin of the mutation, colorectal carcinomas are classified as sporadic or hereditary. Cancers derived from mutations appearing during life, affecting individual cells and their descendants, are called sporadic and account for almost 95% of the CRCs. Less than 5% of CRC cases result from constitutional mutations conferring a very high risk of developing cancer. Screening for hereditary-related cancers is offered to individuals at risk for hereditary CRC, who have either not undergone genetic evaluation or have uncertain genetic test results. In this review, we briefly summarize the main findings on the correlation between sporadic CRC and the gut microbiota, and we specifically focus on the few evidences about the role that gut microorganisms have on the development of CRC hereditary syndromes. The characterization of a gut microbiota associated with an increased risk of developing CRC could have a profound impact for prevention purposes. We also discuss the potential role of the gut microbiota as therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.R.P.); Tel.: +61-4-66344648 (G.M.); +39-0382-985576 (M.R.P.)
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.R.P.); Tel.: +61-4-66344648 (G.M.); +39-0382-985576 (M.R.P.)
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Ballini A, Di Benedetto A, De Vito D, Scarano A, Scacco S, Perillo L, Posa F, Dipalma G, Paduano F, Contaldo M, Grano M, Brunetti G, Colaianni G, Di Cosola M, Cantore S, Mori G. Stemness genes expression in naïve vs. osteodifferentiated human dental-derived stem cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:2916-2923. [PMID: 31002142 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201904_17570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been deeply investigated in regenerative medicine because of their crucial role in tissue healing, such as tissue regeneration. Dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs) are easily available from dental tissues, which can be isolated from all age patients with minimal discomfort. PATIENTS AND METHODS Normal unerupted third molars tooth buds were collected from adolescents' patients underwent to extractions for orthodontic reasons. The expression of the genes Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf-4), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), homeobox transcription factor Nanog (NANOG) was investigated in d-DSCs obtained from dental bud (DBSCs), differentiated toward osteoblastic phenotype and not. RESULTS Our results showed that DBSCs expressed Oct-4, Nanog, and Klf-4 in undifferentiated conditions and interestingly the expression of such genes increased when the cells were kept in osteogenic medium. CONCLUSIONS These attractive stemness properties, together with the effortlessly isolation, during common oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, from undifferentiated tissues such as dental bud, make this kind of d-DSCs a promising tool in regenerative medicine, having the potential for clinical applications, and reinforcing the present challenge to develop new preventive and healing strategies in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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10
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Azzali E, Girardini M, Annunziato G, Pavone M, Vacondio F, Mori G, Pasca MR, Costantino G, Pieroni M. 2-Aminooxazole as a Novel Privileged Scaffold in Antitubercular Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1435-1441. [PMID: 32676151 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain effective eradication of numerous infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, it is important to supply the medicinal chemistry arsenal with novel chemical agents. Isosterism and bioisosterism are widely known concepts in the field of early drug discovery, and in several cases, rational isosteric replacements have contributed to improved efficacy and physicochemical characteristics throughout the hit-to-lead optimization process. However, sometimes the synthesis of isosteres might not be as straightforward as that of the parent compounds, and therefore, novel synthetic strategies must be elaborated. In this regard, we herein report the evaluation of a series of N-substituted 4-phenyl-2-aminooxazoles that, despite being isosteres of a widely used nucleus such as the 2-aminothiazole, have been only seldom explored. After elaboration of a convenient synthetic strategy, a small set of 2-aminothiazoles and their 2-aminooxazole counterparts were compared with regard to antitubercular activity and physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federica Vacondio
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) “G. Casnati”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Mori G, Delfino D, Grigoletto A, Bizzotto G, Pasut G, Percudani R. P227 A long-acting alternative DNase for the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Spennati F, Mora M, Bardi A, Becarelli S, Siracusa G, Di Gregorio S, Gabriel D, Mori G, Munz G. Respirometric techniques coupled with laboratory-scale tests for kinetic and stoichiometric characterisation of fungal and bacterial tannin-degrading biofilms. Water Sci Technol 2020; 81:2559-2567. [PMID: 32857743 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In environmental biotechnology applications for wastewater treatment, bacterial-based bioprocesses are mostly implemented; on the contrary, the application of fungal-based bioprocesses, is still challenging under non-sterile conditions. In a previous laboratory-scale study, we showed that when specific tannins are used as the sole carbon source, fungi can play a key role in the microbial community, under non-sterile conditions and in the long term. In a previous study, an engineered ecosystem, based on fungal tannin biodegradation, was successfully tested in a laboratory-scale bioreactor under non-sterile conditions. In the present study, a kinetic and stoichiometric characterisation of the biomass developed therein was performed through the application of respirometric techniques applied to the biomass collected from the above-mentioned reactor. To this aim, a respirometric set-up was specifically adapted to obtain valuable information from tannin-degrading fungal biofilms. A mathematical model was also developed and applied to describe both the respirometric profiles and the experimental data collected from the laboratory-scale tests performed in the bioreactor. The microbial growth was described through a Monod-type kinetic equation as a first approach. Substrate inhibition, decay rate and tannin hydrolysis process were included to better describe the behaviour of immobilised biomass selected in the tannin-degrading bioreactor. The model was implemented in AQUASIM using the specific tool Biofilm Compartment to simulate the attached fungal biofilm. Biofilm features and transport parameters were either measured or assumed from the literature. Key kinetic and stoichiometric unknown parameters were successfully estimated, overcoming critical steps for scaling-up a novel fungal-based technology for tannins biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spennati
- Laboratorio Cer2co, Consorzio Cuoio-Depur S.p.A,Via Arginale Ovest, 81-S.Miniato 56020, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - M Mora
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bardi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta, 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Becarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Siracusa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Di Gregorio
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Gabriel
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Mori
- Laboratorio Cer2co, Consorzio Cuoio-Depur S.p.A,Via Arginale Ovest, 81-S.Miniato 56020, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta, 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy
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Mori G, Orena BS, Chiarelli LR, Degiacomi G, Riabova O, Sammartino JC, Makarov V, Riccardi G, Pasca MR. Rv0579 Is Involved in the Resistance to the TP053 Antitubercular Prodrug. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:292. [PMID: 32158439 PMCID: PMC7052010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from a single pathogen globally. It is estimated that 1/4 of the world’s population harbors latent tuberculosis, but only a 5–10% of patients will develop active disease. During latent infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist unaffected by drugs for years in a non-replicating state with low metabolic activity. The rate of the successful tuberculosis treatment is curbed by the presence of these non-replicating bacilli that can resuscitate after decades and also by the spread of M. tuberculosis drug-resistant strains. International agencies, including the World Health Organization, urge the international community to combat this global health emergency. The thienopyrimidine TP053 is a promising new antitubercular lead compound highly active against both replicating and non-replicating M. tuberculosis cells, with an in vitro MIC of 0.125 μg/ml. TP053 is a prodrug activated by the reduced form of the mycothiol-dependent reductase Mrx2, encoded by Rv2466c gene. After its activation, TP053 releases nitric oxide and a highly reactive metabolite, explaining its activity also against M. tuberculosis non-replicating cells. In this work, a new mechanism of TP053 resistance was discovered. M. tuberculosis spontaneous mutants resistant to TP053 were isolated harboring the mutation L240V in Rv0579, a protein with unknown function, but without mutation in Rv2466c gene. Recombineering method demonstrated that this mutation is linked to TP053 resistance. To better characterize Rv0579, the protein was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli and a direct interaction between the Mrx2 activated TP053 and Rv0579 was shown by an innovative target-fishing experiment based on click chemistry. Thanks to achieved results, a possible contribution of Rv0579 in M. tuberculosis RNA metabolism was hypothesized, linked to toxin anti-toxin system. Overall, these data confirm the role of Rv0579 in TP053 resistance and consequently in the metabolism of this prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent R Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Chiarelli LR, Salina EG, Mori G, Azhikina T, Riabova O, Lepioshkin A, Grigorov A, Forbak M, Madacki J, Orena BS, Manfredi M, Gosetti F, Buzzi A, Degiacomi G, Sammartino JC, Marengo E, Korduláková J, Riccardi G, Mikušová K, Makarov V, Pasca MR. New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Thienopyrimidine Antitubercular Prodrug TP053. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:313-323. [PMID: 31729215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The thienopyrimidine TP053 is an antitubercular prodrug active against both replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) cells, which requires activation by the mycothiol-dependent nitroreductase Mrx2. The investigation of the mechanism of action of TP053 revealed that Mrx2 releases nitric oxide from this drug both in the enzyme assays with purified Mrx2 and in mycobacterial cultures, which can explain its activity against nonreplicating bacilli, similar to pretomanid activated by the nitroreductase Ddn. In addition, we identified a highly reactive metabolite, 2-(4-mercapto-6-(methylamino)-2-phenylpyrimidin-5-yl)ethan-1-ol, which can contribute to the antimycobacterial effects on replicating cells as well as on nonreplicating cells. In summary, we explain the mechanism of action of TP053 on both replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis and report a novel activity for Mrx2, which in addition to Ddn, represents another example of nitroreductase releasing nitric oxide from its substrate. These findings are particularly relevant in the context of drugs targeting nonreplicating M. tuberculosis, which is shown to be killed by increased levels of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Elena G. Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Artem Grigorov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Martin Forbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Jan Madacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, Novara 28100, Italy
- ISALIT, Spin-off of Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Via A. Canobio 4/6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Arianna Buzzi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
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15
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Mori G, Orena BS, Cultrera I, Barbieri G, Albertini AM, Ranzani GN, Carnevali I, Tibiletti MG, Pasca MR. Gut Microbiota Analysis in Postoperative Lynch Syndrome Patients. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1746. [PMID: 31417532 PMCID: PMC6682596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is a dominantly inherited condition with incomplete penetrance, characterized by high predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial and ovarian cancers, as well as to other tumors. LS is associated with constitutive DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene defects, and carriers of the same pathogenic variants can show great phenotypic heterogeneity in terms of cancer spectrum. In the last years, human gut microbiota got a foothold among risk factors responsible for the onset and evolution of sporadic CRC, but its possible involvement in the modulation of LS patients’ phenotype still needs to be investigated. In this pilot study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from fecal samples of 10 postoperative LS female patients who had developed colonic lesions (L-CRC) or gynecological cancers (L-GC). Our preliminary data show no differences between microbial communities of L-CRC and L-GC patients, but they plant the seed of the possible existence of a fecal microbiota pattern associated with LS genetic background, with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Parabacteroides distasonis, Ruminococcus bromii, Bacteroides plebeius, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides uniformis species being the most significantly over-represented in LS patients (comprising both L-CRC and L-GC groups) compared to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cultrera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra M Albertini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmina Nadia Ranzani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Research Center for the Study of Hereditary and Familial Tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ileana Carnevali
- Research Center for the Study of Hereditary and Familial Tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Pathology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- Research Center for the Study of Hereditary and Familial Tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Pathology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Mori G, Orena BS, Franch C, Mitchenall LA, Godbole AA, Rodrigues L, Aguilar-Pérez C, Zemanová J, Huszár S, Forbak M, Lane TR, Sabbah M, Deboosere N, Frita R, Vandeputte A, Hoffmann E, Russo R, Connell N, Veilleux C, Jha RK, Kumar P, Freundlich JS, Brodin P, Aínsa JA, Nagaraja V, Maxwell A, Mikušová K, Pasca MR, Ekins S. The EU approved antimalarial pyronaridine shows antitubercular activity and synergy with rifampicin, targeting RNA polymerase. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:98-109. [PMID: 30205975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The search for compounds with biological activity for many diseases is turning increasingly to drug repurposing. In this study, we have focused on the European Union-approved antimalarial pyronaridine which was found to have in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 5 μg/mL). In macromolecular synthesis assays, pyronaridine resulted in a severe decrease in incorporation of 14C-uracil and 14C-leucine similar to the effect of rifampicin, a known inhibitor of M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase. Surprisingly, the co-administration of pyronaridine (2.5 μg/ml) and rifampicin resulted in in vitro synergy with an MIC 0.0019-0.0009 μg/mL. This was mirrored in a THP-1 macrophage infection model, with a 16-fold MIC reduction for rifampicin when the two compounds were co-administered versus rifampicin alone. Docking pyronaridine in M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase suggested the potential for it to bind outside of the RNA polymerase rifampicin binding pocket. Pyronaridine was also found to have activity against a M. tuberculosis clinical isolate resistant to rifampicin, and when combined with rifampicin (10% MIC) was able to inhibit M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase in vitro. All these findings, and in particular the synergistic behavior with the antitubercular rifampicin, inhibition of RNA polymerase in combination in vitro and its current use as a treatment for malaria, may suggest that pyronaridine could also be used as an adjunct for treatment against M. tuberculosis infection. Future studies will test potential for in vivo synergy, clinical utility and attempt to develop pyronaridine analogs with improved potency against M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase when combined with rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Franch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lesley A Mitchenall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Adwait Anand Godbole
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, and IIS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clara Aguilar-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, and IIS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Júlia Zemanová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Huszár
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Forbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas R Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohamad Sabbah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nathalie Deboosere
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nancy Connell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Courtney Veilleux
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Rajiv K Jha
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jose Antonio Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, and IIS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Collaborative Drug Discovery, 1633 Bayshore Highway, Suite 342, Burlingame, CA 94403, USA.
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Chiarelli LR, Mori M, Barlocco D, Beretta G, Gelain A, Pini E, Porcino M, Mori G, Stelitano G, Costantino L, Lapillo M, Bonanni D, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Villa S, Meneghetti F. Discovery and development of novel salicylate synthase (MbtI) furanic inhibitors as antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:754-763. [PMID: 29940465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the virtual screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new furan derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI). A receptor-based virtual screening procedure was applied to screen the Enamine database, identifying two compounds, I and III, endowed with a good enzyme inhibitory activity. Considering the most active compound I as starting point for the development of novel MbtI inhibitors, we obtained new derivatives based on the furan scaffold. Among the SAR performed on this class, compound 1a emerged as the most potent MbtI inhibitor reported to date (Ki = 5.3 μM). Moreover, compound 1a showed a promising antimycobacterial activity (MIC99 = 156 μM), which is conceivably related to mycobactin biosynthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Barlocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Gelain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Pini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marianna Porcino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stelitano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Costantino
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41121, Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Bonanni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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18
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Bernorio R, Piloni S, Mori G, Prunas A, Bosoni D, Nappi RE. Efficacy and tolerability of a spray formulation containing Visnadine in women self-reporting sexual symptoms: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:729-737. [PMID: 29230716 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this pilot, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, was to evaluate both the efficacy and the tolerability of a formulation for vulvar application containing Visnadine, a natural extractive substance with vasoactive properties, (ReFeel® spray, IDI Integratori Dietetici Italiani S.r.l., Italy) in women self-reporting sexual symptoms. METHODS Sixty women (age range 18-60 years) volunteered to test the product against placebo (PL): Two puffs in the vulvar area, 10 min before sexual stimulation, for 30 days and for a minimum of six times. The main outcome measure was the improvement of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score (cut-off ≤ 26.55 for female sexual dysfunction [FSD]). Secondary outcomes were sexual satisfaction and tolerability with the product. RESULTS PL group (n = 28) and Visnadine group (n = 30) were comparable for age, sexual function and rate of FSD at baseline (T0). After 1 month (T1), women in Visnadine group scored from 25.0 ± 3.8 to 27.9 ± 2.4 (p < 0.001), whereas no changes were evident in PL group (from 25.4 ± 5.0 to 25.6 ± 4.7). Statistically significant differences at T1 were reported in women with a positive (p < 0.001) or a negative FSD diagnosis (p < 0.01) using active treatment. Women with FSD reported significantly more improvement in satisfaction with their sexual function when treated with Visnadine spray compared to PL (p < 0.001), as well as more excitation (p < 0.001), pleasure (p < 0.001) and less time to reach orgasm (p < 0.003). No significant side effects were evident in both groups. CONCLUSIONS On demand, 1-month use of Visnadine spray displayed positive effects on sexual function in women with and without FSD and it was well tolerated. Topical Visnadine may not only be part of multimodal strategies to manage clinically relevant sexual symptoms but also simply to help women to enhance their subjective impaired perception of sexual response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bernorio
- Italian Association for Applied Sexology and Psychology (AISPA), Milan, Italy
| | - S Piloni
- Center of Women's Natural Medicine, San Raffaele Resnati Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Mori
- Italian Association for Applied Sexology and Psychology (AISPA), Milan, Italy
| | - A Prunas
- Italian Association for Applied Sexology and Psychology (AISPA), Milan, Italy
| | - D Bosoni
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - R E Nappi
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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19
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Johnston J, Mori G, Giles M. Sweetening the Deal in Pancreatic Cancer: Screening and Treating Diabetes Mellitus at Time of Diagnosis. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Oliveira PFM, Guidetti B, Chamayou A, André-Barrès C, Madacki J, Korduláková J, Mori G, Orena BS, Chiarelli LR, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Carayon C, Massou S, Baron M, Baltas M. Mechanochemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Isoniazid Derivatives with Potent Antitubercular Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091457. [PMID: 28862683 PMCID: PMC6151834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of isoniazid derivatives bearing a phenolic or heteroaromatic coupled frame were obtained by mechanochemical means. Their pH stability and their structural (conformer/isomer) analysis were checked. The activity of prepared derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell growth was evaluated. Some compounds such as phenolic hydrazine 1a and almost all heteroaromatic ones, especially 2, 5 and 7, are more active than isoniazid, and their activity against some M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates was determined. Compounds 1a and 7 present a selectivity index >1400 evaluated on MRC5 human fibroblast cells. The mechanism of action of selected hydrazones was demonstrated to block mycolic acid synthesis due to InhA inhibition inside the mycobacterial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F M Oliveira
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Brigitte Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Alain Chamayou
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
| | - Christiane André-Barrès
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jan Madacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laurent Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Chantal Carayon
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Baron
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
| | - Michel Baltas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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21
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Esposito M, Szadocka S, Degiacomi G, Orena BS, Mori G, Piano V, Boldrin F, Zemanová J, Huszár S, Barros D, Ekins S, Lelièvre J, Manganelli R, Mattevi A, Pasca MR, Riccardi G, Ballell L, Mikušová K, Chiarelli LR. A Phenotypic Based Target Screening Approach Delivers New Antitubercular CTP Synthetase Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:428-437. [PMID: 28475832 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite its great potential, the target-based approach has been mostly unsuccessful in tuberculosis drug discovery, while whole cell phenotypic screening has delivered several active compounds. However, for many of these hits, the cellular target has not yet been identified, thus preventing further target-based optimization of the compounds. In this context, the newly validated drug target CTP synthetase PyrG was exploited to assess a target-based approach of already known, but untargeted, antimycobacterial compounds. To this purpose the publically available GlaxoSmithKline antimycobacterial compound set was assayed, uncovering a series of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole derivatives which efficiently inhibit the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PyrG enzyme activity, one of them showing low activity against the human CTP synthetase. The three best compounds were ATP binding site competitive inhibitors, with Ki values ranging from 3 to 20 μM, but did not show any activity against a small panel of different prokaryotic and eukaryotic kinases, thus demonstrating specificity for the CTP synthetases. Metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated that the compounds directly interfere not only with CTP biosynthesis, but also with other CTP dependent biochemical pathways, such as lipid biosynthesis. Moreover, using a M. tuberculosis pyrG conditional knock-down strain, it was shown that the activity of two compounds is dependent on the intracellular concentration of the CTP synthetase. All these results strongly suggest a role of PyrG as a target of these compounds, thus strengthening the value of this kind of approach for the identification of new scaffolds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esposito
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sára Szadocka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Beatrice S. Orena
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Piano
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Júlia Zemanová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Huszár
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - David Barros
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Inc., 1633 Bayshore Highway, Suite 342, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Joel Lelièvre
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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22
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Roberto Chiarelli L, Mori G, Esposito M, Silvia Orena B, Rosalia Pasca M. New and Old Hot Drug Targets in Tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:3813-3846. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160831164925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Matviiuk T, Madacki J, Mori G, Orena BS, Menendez C, Kysil A, André-Barrès C, Rodriguez F, Korduláková J, Mallet-Ladeira S, Voitenko Z, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Pyrrolidinone and pyrrolidine derivatives: Evaluation as inhibitors of InhA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:462-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Cantore S, Ballini A, Mori G, Dibello V, Marrelli M, Mirgaldi R, De Vito D, Tatullo M. Anti-plaque and antimicrobial efficiency of different oral rinses in a 3-day plaque accumulation model. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:1173-1178. [PMID: 28078871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The idea of incorporating a mouthrinse with normal tooth brushing could be a useful adjunct to oral hygiene. Despite the principle nature of the toothpaste vehicle, most alcohol-based chemical plaque-control agents have been evaluated and later formulated in the mouthrinse vehicle. The current study was aimed to investigate the persistence of antimicrobial action and plaque inhibitory properties of a new alcohol-free mouthrinse when compared with positive control, chlorhexidine 0.12% and placebo control, physiologic saline solution mouthrinses. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by saliva samples collected during the 3 days of usage. The results of this study indicate that this new oral rinse has an equivalent plaque inhibitory action to chlorhexidine, and the plaque inhibitory action of the rinse appears to be derived from a persistence of antimicrobial action in the mouth. Furthermore, no side effects were reported during the study, and the additional benefit of no alcohol presence in the rinse solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cantore
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - V Dibello
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Marrelli
- Calabrodental SRL, Experimental Medicine Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - R Mirgaldi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - D De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, St. E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
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25
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Chollet A, Stigliani JL, Pasca MR, Mori G, Lherbet C, Constant P, Quémard A, Bernadou J, Pratviel G, Bernardes-Génisson V. Evaluation of the inhibitory activity of (aza)isoindolinone-type compounds: toward in vitro InhA action, Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and mycolic acid biosynthesis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:740-755. [PMID: 27301022 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) are considered as potential promising therapeutics for the treatment of tuberculosis. Previously, we reported that azaisoindolinone-type compounds displayed, in vitro, inhibitory activity toward InhA. Herein, we describe chemical modifications of azaisoindolinone scaffold, the synthesis of 15 new compounds and their evaluations toward the in vitro InhA activity. Based on these results, a structure-InhA inhibitory activity relationship analysis and a molecular docking study, using the conformation of InhA found in the 2H7M crystal structure, were carried out to predict a possible mode of interaction of the best (aza)isoindolinone-type inhibitors with InhA in vitro. Then, the work was extended toward evaluations of these compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth, and finally, some of them were also investigated in respect of their ability to inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis inside mycobacteria. Although, some azaisoindolinones were able to inhibit InhA activity and Mtb growth in vitro, they did not inhibit the mycolic acid biosynthesis inside Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Chollet
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.,INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.,LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Stigliani
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.,INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.,LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Constant
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France.,IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Annaïk Quémard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France.,IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Bernadou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.,INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.,INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Vania Bernardes-Génisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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26
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Brunetti G, Papadia F, Tummolo A, Fischetto R, Nicastro F, Piacente L, Ventura A, Mori G, Oranger A, Gigante I, Colucci S, Ciccarelli M, Grano M, Cavallo L, Delvecchio M, Faienza MF. Impaired bone remodeling in children with osteogenesis imperfecta treated and untreated with bisphosphonates: the role of DKK1, RANKL, and TNF-α. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2355-2365. [PMID: 26856585 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we investigated the bone cell activity in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) treated and untreated with neridronate. We demonstrated the key role of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in regulating bone cell of untreated and treated OI subjects. These cytokines could represent new pharmacological targets for OI. INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with the objective of reducing the risk of fractures. Although bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density in OI subjects, the effects on fracture incidence are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying bone cell activity in subjects with mild untreated forms of OI and in a group of subjects with severe OI treated with cycles of intravenous neridronate. METHODS Sclerostin, DKK1, TNF-α, RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone turnover markers were quantified in serum of 18 OI patients (12 females, mean age 8.86 ± 3.90), 8 of which were receiving cyclic intravenous neridronate, and 21 sex- and age-matched controls. The effects on osteoblastogenesis and OPG expression of media conditioned by the serum of OI patients and anti-DKK1 neutralizing antibody were evaluated. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed in cultures from patients and controls. RESULTS DKK1 and RANKL levels were significantly increased both in untreated and in treated OI subjects with respect to controls. The serum from patients with high DKK1 levels inhibited both osteoblast differentiation and OPG expression in vitro. High RANKL and low OPG messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were found in lymphomonocytes from patients. High amounts of TNF-α were expressed by monocytes, and an elevated percentage of circulating CD11b-CD51/CD61+ osteoclast precursors was observed in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the key role of DKK1, RANKL, and TNF-α in regulating bone cell activity of subjects with OI untreated and treated with bisphosphonates. These cytokines could represent new pharmacological targets for OI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - F Papadia
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - A Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - R Fischetto
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - F Nicastro
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - L Piacente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Ventura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Oranger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - I Gigante
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - S Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M Ciccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M Grano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Cavallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M Delvecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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27
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Veau D, Krykun S, Mori G, Orena BS, Pasca MR, Frongia C, Lobjois V, Chassaing S, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Triazolophthalazines: Easily Accessible Compounds with Potent Antitubercular Activity. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1078-89. [PMID: 27097919 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death worldwide, in particular because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Herein we explored the potential of an alternative class of molecules as anti-TB agents. Thus, a series of novel 3-substituted triazolophthalazines was quickly and easily prepared from commercial hydralazine hydrochloride as starting material and were further evaluated for their antimycobacterial activities and cytotoxicities. Four of the synthesized compounds were found to effectively inhibit the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37 Rv strain with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <10 μg mL(-1) , whereas no compounds displayed cytotoxicity against HCT116 human cell lines (IC50 >100 μm). More remarkably, the most potent compounds proved to be active to a similar extent against various multidrug-resistant M.tb strains, thus uncovering a mode of action distinct from that of standard antitubercular agents. Overall, their ease of preparation, combined with their attractive antimycobacterial activities, make such triazolophthalazine-based derivatives promising leads for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Veau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), CNRS-UMR5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31106, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Serhii Krykun
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), CNRS-UMR5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biologica e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice S Orena
- Dipartimento di Biologica e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria R Pasca
- Dipartimento di Biologica e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Céline Frongia
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31106, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Valérie Lobjois
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31106, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), CNRS-UMR5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France. .,ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31106, Toulouse Cedex 1, France.
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), CNRS-UMR5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Michel Baltas
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), CNRS-UMR5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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28
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Tiwari R, Miller PA, Chiarelli LR, Mori G, Šarkan M, Centárová I, Cho S, Mikušová K, Franzblau SG, Oliver AG, Miller MJ. Design, Syntheses, and Anti-TB Activity of 1,3-Benzothiazinone Azide and Click Chemistry Products Inspired by BTZ043. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:266-70. [PMID: 26985313 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron deficient nitroaromatic compounds such as BTZ043 and its closest congener, PBTZ169, and related agents are a promising new class of anti-TB compounds. Herein we report the design and syntheses of 1,3-benzothiazinone azide (BTZ-N3) and related click chemistry products based on the molecular mode of activation of BTZ043. Our computational docking studies indicate that BTZ-N3 binds in the essentially same pocket as that of BTZ043. Detailed biochemical studies with cell envelope enzyme fractions of Mycobacterium smegmatis combined with our model biochemical reactivity studies with nucleophiles indicated that, in contrast to BTZ043, the azide analogue may have a different mode of activation for anti-TB activity. Subsequent enzymatic studies with recombinant DprE1 from Mtb followed by MIC determination in NTB1 strain of Mtb (harboring Cys387Ser mutation in DprE1 and is BTZ043 resistant) unequivocally indicated that BTZ-N3 is an effective reversible and noncovalent inhibitor of DprE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Tiwari
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Patricia A. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michal Šarkan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Centárová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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29
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Laborde J, Deraeve C, Lecoq L, Sournia-Saquet A, Stigliani JL, Orena BS, Mori G, Pratviel G, Bernardes-Génisson V. Synthesis, oxidation potential and anti-mycobacterial activity of isoniazid and analogues: insights into the molecular isoniazid activation mechanism. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Laborde
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Céline Deraeve
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Léa Lecoq
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Alix Sournia-Saquet
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Jean-Luc Stigliani
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Beatrice S. Orena
- University of Pavia; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- University of Pavia; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Vania Bernardes-Génisson
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205; route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
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30
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Carbone A, Valente M, Annacontini L, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Parisi D, Rucci M, Belgiovine G, Colombo C, Di Benedetto A, Mori G, Lo Muzio L, Maiorella A, Portincasa A, Conese M. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells differentiate to osteoblast and chondroblast lineages upon incubation with conditioned media from dental pulp stem cell-derived osteoblasts and auricle cartilage chondrocytes. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:111-122. [PMID: 27049081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into either osteoblasts or chondrocytes is controversial. In this study we investigated the multicapacity potential of ADSCs to differentiate towards adipocyte, osteoblast, and chondrocyte lineages when cells are seeded onto plastic in comparison with incubation with conditioned media (CM) obtained from differentiated cell types.ADSCs, obtained from liposuctions, were characterized for mesenchymal and hematopoietic markers by cytofluorimetry. Their differentiation capacity towards adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes was investigated by histochemistry methods (Oil-Red-O staining, Safranin O and Alizarin Red staining, respectively). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dedifferentiated auricle derived-chondrocytes were differentiated towards osteoblastic and chondrocytic lineages respectively, and the CM obtained from these cultures was used to induce differentiation of ADSCs. ADSCs were positive for mesenchymal markers (CD29, CD105, CD73, CD44), but not for hematopoietic lineage markers (CD14, CD34, CD45) and this behavior was conserved from the isolation up to the fifth passage. While ADSCs were readily differentiated in adipocytes, they were not towards chondrocytes and osteoblastic lineages, a behavior different from that of bone marrow-derived MSCs that differentiated into the three lineages at two weeks post-induction. Only ADSCs treated with CM from cultured chondrocytes and DPSCs, produced glycosaminoglycans and mineralized matrix. These results indicate that ADSCs need growth/morphogenic factor supplementation from the tissue environment to be appropriately differentiated to mesodermic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carbone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Valente
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Annacontini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - D Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Rucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Belgiovine
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - A Di Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Maiorella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Portincasa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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31
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Nava F, Cappelli G, Mori G, Granito M, Magnoni G, Botta C, Solazzo A, Fontana F, Baisi A, Bonucchi D. Everolimus, cyclosporine, and thrombotic microangiopathy: clinical role and preventive tools in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2263-8. [PMID: 25242766 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by endothelial cell injury and formation of fibrin thrombi within capillary and arterioles. In renal allograft recipients, TMA mainly presents as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Its occurrence is rare, and diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion. Drug toxicity, in particular from calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and mTOR inhibitors (mTORi), is the most common cause posttransplant and has recently been emphasized in the setting of lung transplantation. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the role of mTORi as an added risk factor in the development of TMA to propose strategies for modulation of immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From a database of 496 renal graft recipients, we analyzed 350 renal graft biopsy specimens gathered at our center from 1998 to 2012. In patients undergoing combined therapy with mTORi and CNI, we compared drugs levels in TMA-affected and TMA-free groups, using mTORi and CNI TLC and the summation of [everolimus TLC+(cyclosporine C2/100)] (Σ) as a surrogate marker of combined exposition to 2 drugs. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of association of EVL TLC+(C2/100) was performed for patients exposed to mTORi. RESULTS Histologic features of TMA were found in 36 patients (prevalence of 7.3%). The caseload was divided into 2 groups: not drug-related TMA (n=19) and drug-related TMA (n=17). Despite the prevalence of TMA in patients exposed to mTORi being greater (8 of 153; prevalence, 5.3%) compared with therapies without mTORi (9 of 324; prevalence, 2.8%), statistical difference was not reached. Patients treated with mTORi who developed de novo drug-related TMA had higher blood levels of IS drugs compared with those who did not develop TMA. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis found a significant threshold of 12.5 ng/mL (area under the curve, 0.803; P=.006). CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the pivotal role of IS drugs in the onset of de novo TMA. On the basis of literature, we could speculate a sequence of endothelial damage by CNI, on which everolimus fits hindering the repair of endothelial injury. Therefore, high blood levels of CNI and mTORi seem to predispose patients to posttransplant TMA. Combined monitoring of these 2 drugs might be used to prevent the complication. Σ [everolimus TLC + (cyclosporine C2/100)]>12.5 ng/mL should be avoided as a surrogate risk factor for adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nava
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - G Cappelli
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - G Mori
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - M Granito
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - G Magnoni
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - C Botta
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - A Solazzo
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - F Fontana
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - A Baisi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - D Bonucchi
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
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32
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Chollet A, Mori G, Menendez C, Rodriguez F, Fabing I, Pasca MR, Madacki J, Korduláková J, Constant P, Quémard A, Bernardes-Génisson V, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new GEQ derivatives as inhibitors of InhA enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:218-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mori G, Chiarelli LR, Esposito M, Makarov V, Bellinzoni M, Hartkoorn RC, Degiacomi G, Boldrin F, Ekins S, de Jesus Lopes Ribeiro AL, Marino LB, Centárová I, Svetlíková Z, Blaško J, Kazakova E, Lepioshkin A, Barilone N, Zanoni G, Porta A, Fondi M, Fani R, Baulard AR, Mikušová K, Alzari PM, Manganelli R, de Carvalho LPS, Riccardi G, Cole ST, Pasca MR. Thiophenecarboxamide Derivatives Activated by EthA Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Inhibiting the CTP Synthetase PyrG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:917-27. [PMID: 26097035 PMCID: PMC4521081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To combat the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, new antitubercular agents and novel drug targets are needed. Phenotypic screening of a library of 594 hit compounds uncovered two leads that were active against M. tuberculosis in its replicating, non-replicating, and intracellular states: compounds 7947882 (5-methyl-N-(4-nitrophenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide) and 7904688 (3-phenyl-N-[(4-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)carbamothioyl]propanamide). Mutants resistant to both compounds harbored mutations in ethA (rv3854c), the gene encoding the monooxygenase EthA, and/or in pyrG (rv1699) coding for the CTP synthetase, PyrG. Biochemical investigations demonstrated that EthA is responsible for the activation of the compounds, and by mass spectrometry we identified the active metabolite of 7947882, which directly inhibits PyrG activity. Metabolomic studies revealed that pharmacological inhibition of PyrG strongly perturbs DNA and RNA biosynthesis, and other metabolic processes requiring nucleotides. Finally, the crystal structure of PyrG was solved, paving the way for rational drug design with this newly validated drug target. Two compounds activated by EthA kill M. tuberculosis through PyrG inhibition EthA metabolite is active against PyrG and M. tuberculosis growth Definition of the mechanism of activation and validation of PyrG as a new drug target
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent R Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Esposito
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marco Bellinzoni
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS-UMR3528, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ruben C Hartkoorn
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborative Drug Discovery, 1633 Bayshore Highway, Suite 342, Burlingame, CA 94010, USA
| | | | - Leonardo B Marino
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ivana Centárová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Svetlíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Blaško
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Elena Kazakova
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nathalie Barilone
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS-UMR3528, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessio Porta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pedro M Alzari
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS-UMR3528, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Neres J, Hartkoorn RC, Chiarelli LR, Gadupudi R, Pasca MR, Mori G, Venturelli A, Savina S, Makarov V, Kolly GS, Molteni E, Binda C, Dhar N, Ferrari S, Brodin P, Delorme V, Landry V, de Jesus Lopes Ribeiro AL, Farina D, Saxena P, Pojer F, Carta A, Luciani R, Porta A, Zanoni G, De Rossi E, Costi MP, Riccardi G, Cole ST. 2-Carboxyquinoxalines kill mycobacterium tuberculosis through noncovalent inhibition of DprE1. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:705-14. [PMID: 25427196 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of a quinoxaline library against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis led to the identification of lead compound Ty38c (3-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid). With an MIC99 and MBC of 3.1 μM, Ty38c is bactericidal and active against intracellular bacteria. To investigate its mechanism of action, we isolated mutants resistant to Ty38c and sequenced their genomes. Mutations were found in rv3405c, coding for the transcriptional repressor of the divergently expressed rv3406 gene. Biochemical studies clearly showed that Rv3406 decarboxylates Ty38c into its inactive keto metabolite. The actual target was then identified by isolating Ty38c-resistant mutants of an M. tuberculosis strain lacking rv3406. Here, mutations were found in dprE1, encoding the decaprenylphosphoryl-d-ribose oxidase DprE1, essential for biogenesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. Genetics, biochemical validation, and X-ray crystallography revealed Ty38c to be a noncovalent, noncompetitive DprE1 inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship studies generated a family of DprE1 inhibitors with a range of IC50's and bactericidal activity. Co-crystal structures of DprE1 in complex with eight different quinoxaline analogs provided a high-resolution interaction map of the active site of this extremely vulnerable target in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neres
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramakrishna Gadupudi
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Svetlana Savina
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- A. N. Bakh
Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- A. N. Bakh
Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaelle S. Kolly
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Molteni
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Ferrari
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Priscille Brodin
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Delorme
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Landry
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | | | - Davide Farina
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Puneet Saxena
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Florence Pojer
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Luciani
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessio Porta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Edda De Rossi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Perdigão G, Deraeve C, Mori G, Pasca MR, Pratviel G, Bernardes-Génisson V. Pyridine-3,4-dicarboximide as starting material for the total synthesis of the natural product eupolauramine and its isomer iso-eupolauramine endowed with anti-tubercular activities. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Munz G, Mannucci A, Arreola-Vargas J, Alatriste-Mondragon F, Giaccherini F, Mori G. Nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors for biological sulphide oxidation. Water Sci Technol 2015; 72:593-599. [PMID: 26247758 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic denitrification with sulphide using nitrate (R1) and nitrite (R2) as electron acceptor was investigated at bench scale. Different solids retention times (SRT) (5 and 20 d) have been tested in R1 while R2 was operated at SRT=13 d. The results indicated that the process allows complete sulphide removal to be achieved in all tested conditions. Tested sulphide loads were estimated from the H2S produced in a pilot-scale anaerobic digester treating vegetable tannery primary sludge; nitrogen loads originated from the nitrification of the supernatant. Average nitrogen removal efficiencies higher than 80% were observed in all the tested conditions once steady state was reached. A maximum specific nitrate removal rate equal to 0.35 g N-NO3- g VSS(-1) d(-1) was reached in R1. Due to sulphide limitation, incomplete denitrification was observed and nitrite and thiosulphate tend to accumulate especially in the presence of variable environmental conditions in both R1 and R2. Lower SRT caused higher NO2accumulated/NO3reduced ratios (0.22 and 0.24, with SRT of 5 d and 20 d, respectively) using nitrate as electron acceptor in steady-state condition. Temperature decrease caused sudden NO2accumulated/NO3reduced ratio increase in R1 and NO2- removal decrease in R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy E-mail:
| | - A Mannucci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy E-mail:
| | - J Arreola-Vargas
- Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - F Alatriste-Mondragon
- Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - F Giaccherini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy E-mail:
| | - G Mori
- Cer2co (Centro Ricerca Reflui Conciari), Consorzio Cuoiodepur, Via Arginale Ovest 56020 San Romano - San Miniato (PISA), Italy
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Menendez C, Mori G, Maillot M, Fabing I, Carayon C, Orena BS, Pasca MR, Voitenko Z, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Synthesis and evaluation of β-hydroxytriazoles and related compounds as antitubercular agents. Fr Ukr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv3i1p82-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of β-hydroxytriazoles were synthesized and evaluated as Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitors. Our strategy implied the synthesis of alkyne precursors through a Barbier reaction between benzaldehydes and propargyl bromide followed by click chemistry to afford substituted β-hydroxyl benzyltriazoles. These compounds are also key intermediates either for oxidation reactions leading to α,β-diketotriazoles or for elimination reactions affording styryl triazoles. Evaluation of all new compounds for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv resulted in compounds with MIC up to 7 μM.
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Albesa-Jové D, Chiarelli LR, Makarov V, Pasca MR, Urresti S, Mori G, Salina E, Vocat A, Comino N, Mohorko E, Ryabova S, Pfieiffer B, Lopes Ribeiro ALDJ, Rodrigo-Unzueta A, Tersa M, Zanoni G, Buroni S, Altmann KH, Hartkoorn RC, Glockshuber R, Cole ST, Riccardi G, Guerin ME. Rv2466c mediates the activation of TP053 to kill replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1567-75. [PMID: 24877756 DOI: 10.1021/cb500149m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis highlights the need to discover new antitubercular agents. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new series of thienopyrimidine (TP) compounds that kill both replicating and non-replicating M. tuberculosis. The strategy to determine the mechanism of action of these TP derivatives was to generate resistant mutants to the most effective compound TP053 and to isolate the genetic mutation responsible for this phenotype. The only non-synonymous mutation found was a g83c transition in the Rv2466c gene, resulting in the replacement of tryptophan 28 by a serine. The Rv2466c overexpression increased the sensitivity of M. tuberculosis wild-type and resistant mutant strains to TP053, indicating that TP053 is a prodrug activated by Rv2466c. Biochemical studies performed with purified Rv2466c demonstrated that only the reduced form of Rv2466c can activate TP053. The 1.7 Å resolution crystal structure of the reduced form of Rv2466c, a protein whose expression is transcriptionally regulated during the oxidative stress response, revealed a unique homodimer in which a β-strand is swapped between the thioredoxin domains of each subunit. A pronounced groove harboring the unusual active-site motif CPWC might account for the uncommon reactivity profile of the protein. The mutation of Trp28Ser clearly predicts structural defects in the thioredoxin fold, including the destabilization of the dimerization core and the CPWC motif, likely impairing the activity of Rv2466c against TP053. Altogether our experimental data provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-mycobacterial activity of TP-based compounds, paving the way for future drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albesa-Jové
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- A.
N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saioa Urresti
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Salina
- A.
N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Comino
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Mohorko
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Ryabova
- A.
N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bernhard Pfieiffer
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, ETH Zürich, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ane Rodrigo-Unzueta
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Montse Tersa
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Buroni
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, ETH Zürich, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Unidad
de Biofísica,
Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Volgina G, Gadzhikulieva M, Uyshuk N, Kawamura E, Hisano S, Nakashima H, Saito T, Boor P, Babi kova J, Martin IV, Bucher EB, Eriksson U, Van Roeyen CRC, Eitner F, Floege J, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, Ostendorf T, Leh S, Leh F, Bjanes TK, Ohldieck C, Svarstad E, Han BG, Kim JS, Yang JW, Choi SO, Lollinga W, Rahbar A, De Wit RH, Riezebos-Brilman A, Soderberg-Naucler C, Van Son WJ, Sanders JS, Smit MJ, Van Den Born J, Koike K, Tsuboi N, Ikezumi Y, Go K, Ogura M, Saitoh A, Yokoo T, Yamaguchi T, Nokiba H, Hara M, Morito T, Kakihana K, Ohashi K, Ando M, Kimura T, Yagisawa T, Nanmoku K, Kurosawa A, Sakuma Y, Miki A, Nukui A, Alfieri CM, Regalia A, Simonini P, Ikehata M, Chatziantoniou C, Moroni G, Rastaldi MP, Messa P, Bockmeyer C, Sauberlich K, Zell S, Zeuschner P, Agustian PA, Wittig J, Becker JU, Peters B, Andersson Y, Hadimeri H, Stegmayr B, Molne J, Li T, He Y, Chen H, Chen J, Kobayashi A, Mitome J, Yamamoto I, Mafune A, Yamakawa T, Nakada Y, Tanno Y, Ohkido I, Tsuboi N, Yamamoto H, Yokoyama K, Yokoo T, Dervishi E, Buti E, Nozzoli C, Caldini LA, Giannakakis C, Minetti EE, Cirami L, Bergesio F, Ryuge A, Nomura A, Shimizu H, Fujita Y, Nishi S, Goto S, Nakai K, Ito J, Fujii H, Hara S, Mori G, Ligabue G, Cappelli G, Pinho A, Moreno F, Dias R, Vizcaino R, Ossareh S, Asgari M, Abdi E, Ataipour Y, Malakoutian T, Saddadi F, Rayatnia M. RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Matviiuk T, Mori G, Lherbet C, Rodriguez F, Pasca MR, Gorichko M, Guidetti B, Voitenko Z, Baltas M. Synthesis of 3-heteryl substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones via catalytic Michael reaction and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against InhA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 71:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Incandela ML, Perrin E, Fondi M, de Jesus Lopes Ribeiro AL, Mori G, Moiana A, Gramegna M, Fani R, Riccardi G, Pasca MR. DprE1, a new taxonomic marker in mycobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 348:66-73. [PMID: 24024613 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the species of the Mycobacterium genus, more than 50 have been recognized as human pathogens. In spite of the different diseases caused by mycobacteria, the interspecies genetic similarity ranges from 94% to 100%, and for some species, this value is higher than in other bacteria. Consequently, it is important to understand the relationships existing among mycobacterial species. In this context, the possibility to use Mycobacterium tuberculosis dprE1 gene as new phylogenetic/taxonomic marker has been explored. The dprE1 gene codes for the target of benzothiazinones, belonging to a very promising class of antitubercular drugs. Mutations in cysteine 387 of DprE1 are responsible for benzothiazinone resistance. The DprE1 tree, obtained with 73 amino acid sequences of mycobacterial species, revealed that concerning the benzothiazinone sensitivity/resistance, it is possible to discriminate two clusters. To validate it, a concatamer obtained from the amino acid sequences of nine mycobacterial housekeeping genes was performed. The concatamer revealed that there is no separation between the benzothiazinone-susceptible and benzothiazinone-resistant species; consequently, this parameter is not linked to the phylogeny. DprE1 tree might represent a good taxonomic marker for the assignment of a mycobacterial isolate to a species. Moreover, the concatamer represents a good reference phylogeny for the Mycobacterium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loreto Incandela
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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42
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Caliani I, Ferraro M, Casini S, Mori G, Maltese S, Marsili L, Fossi M. Biomarker responses in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) to in vivo exposure to produced waters. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Bianchi F, Giannetto M, Mori G, D’Agostino G, Careri M, Mangia A. Solid-phase microextraction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using a molecularly imprinted-based fiber. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2411-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alvarez F, Castro M, Príncipe A, Borioli G, Fischer S, Mori G, Jofré E. The plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains MEP2 18 and ARP2 3 capable of producing the cyclic lipopeptides iturin or surfactin and fengycin are effective in biocontrol of sclerotinia stem rot disease. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:159-74. [PMID: 22017648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work was conducted to identify the antifungal compounds produced by two previously isolated Bacillus sp. strains: ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18. Both strains were subjected to further analysis to determine their taxonomic position and to identify the compounds responsible for their antifungal activity as well as to evaluate the efficiency of these strains to control sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. METHODS AND RESULTS The antifungal compounds were isolated by acid precipitation of cell-free supernatants, purified by RP-HPLC and then tested for antagonistic activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mass spectra from RP-HPLC eluted fractions showed the presence of surfactin C(15) , fengycins A (C(16) -C(17)) and B (C(16)) isoforms in supernatants from strain ARP(2) 3 cultures, whereas the major lipopeptide produced by strain MEP(2) 18 was iturin A C(15) . Alterations in mycelial morphology and sclerotial germination were observed in the presence of lipopeptides-containing supernatants from Bacillus strains cultures. Foliar application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains on soybean plants prior to S. sclerotiorum infection resulted in significant protection against sclerotinia stem rot compared with noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with a nonlipopeptide-producing B. subtilis strain. CONCLUSIONS Both strains, renamed as B. amyloliquefaciens ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18, were able to produce antifungal compounds belonging to the cyclic lipopeptide family. Our data suggest that the foliar application of lipopeptide-producing B. amyloliquefaciens strains could be a promising strategy for the management of sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Sclerotinia stem rot was ranked as one of the most severe soybean disease in Argentina and worldwide. The results of this study showed the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens strains ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18 to control plant diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Colucci S, Brunetti G, Oranger A, Mori G, Sardone F, Specchia G, Rinaldi E, Curci P, Liso V, Passeri G, Zallone A, Rizzi R, Grano M. Myeloma cells suppress osteoblasts through sclerostin secretion. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e27. [PMID: 22829171 PMCID: PMC3255263 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling through the secretion of Wnt inhibitors Dickkopf1, soluble frizzled-related protein-2 and -3 has a key role in the decreased osteoblast (OB) activity associated with multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease. We provide evidence that another Wnt antagonist, sclerostin, an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation, is expressed by myeloma cells, that is, human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and plasma cells (CD138+ cells) obtained from the bone marrow (BM) of a large number of MM patients with bone disease. We demonstrated that BM stromal cells (BMSCs), differentiated into OBs and co-cultured with HMCLs showed, compared with BMSCs alone, reduced expression of major osteoblastic-specific proteins, decreased mineralized nodule formation and attenuated the expression of members of the activator protein 1 transcription factor family (Fra-1, Fra-2 and Jun-D). Moreover, in the same co-culture system, the addition of neutralizing anti-sclerostin antibodies restored OB functions by inducing nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. We further demonstrated that the upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand and the downregulation of osteoprotegerin in OBs were also sclerostin mediated. Our data indicated that sclerostin secretion by myeloma cells contribute to the suppression of bone formation in the osteolytic bone disease associated to MM.
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Munz G, Mori G, Vannini C, Lubello C. Kinetic parameters and inhibition response of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge processes. Environ Technol 2010; 31:1557-1564. [PMID: 21275252 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003793828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium and nitrite oxidizing biomasses (AOB and NOB) were investigated in parallel pilot plants: a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a conventional activated sludge process (CASP) fed with domestic wastewater. The kinetics of AOB and NOB were monitored through titrimetric tests. The maximum specific growth rate of the AOB (micro(max,AOB)) was affected by the solids' retention time (SRT) maintained during the start up: by varying the start up SRT from 20 d to 8 d, micro(max,AOB) in the CASP varied from 0.45 d(-1) +/- 0.04 to 0.72 d(-1) +/- 0.2 respectively; the mean value of micro(max,AOB) in the MBR samples (always maintained at SRT = 20 d) was in the range 0.45-0.49 d(-1). The endogenous decay coefficients of the NOB and AOB and the maximum specific growth rates of the NOB were similar in both MBR and CASP. Inhibition tests with different concentrations of allylthiourea (ATU) were carried out on samples from both activated sludge systems: the MBR sludge exhibited higher sensitivity to a low ATU concentration; however, the maximum nitrification activity recovered more rapidly than the CASP sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta n.3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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47
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Giannetto M, Elvirii L, Careri M, Mangia A, Mori G. An amperometric immunosensor based on nanobiocomposite materials for the determination of alpha-phetoprotein in serum. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Iwata N, Mori G, Arai N, Murakami Y, Takahashi A. Self-organized nanodot pattern fabrication using the reverse sputtering method. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:365301. [PMID: 20699486 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/36/365301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the synthesis of high density periodic 2D nanodot patterns using reverse sputtering in magnetron sputtering equipment on a single crystal Si substrate and sputter-deposited Si-thin film. In this etching process, a minute amount of Ta is supplied by DC sputtering or splashing from the substrate holder surface. STEM, EDX, TEM and XPS analyses confirmed preferentially localized Ta-silicide in the nanodots. The nanodot pattern formation is attributed to the repeated adsorption and desorption of Ta and Si molecules forming Ta-silicide, and its segregation with self-organization. We also discuss power and time dependence of the nanodot pattern sizes and hole structure formation as a side-effect. This simple process is conducted at room temperature and makes use of an extremely simple setup. Our result promises a significant improvement in the productivity of quantum dot devices and has the potential to trigger their worldwide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwata
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Sharp Corporation, Tenri, Nara, Japan.
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Munz G, De Angelis D, Gori R, Mori G, Casarci M, Lubello C. The role of tannins in conventional and membrane treatment of tannery wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2009; 164:733-739. [PMID: 18835658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The role that tannins play in tannery wastewater treatment has been evaluated employing a pilot Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) plant and a full scale Conventional Activated Sludge Process (CASP) plant conducted in parallel. The proposed methodology has established the preliminary use of respirometry to examine the biodegradability of a selection of commercial products (synthetic and natural tannins); the subsequent analysis, by means of spectrophotometric reading and RP-IPC (Reverse-Phase Ion-Pair) liquid chromatography, estimates the concentrations of natural tannins and naphthalenesulfonic tanning agents in the influent and effluent samples. The results show that a consistent percentage of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the effluent of the biological phase of the plants is attributable to the presence of natural and synthetic (Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde Condensates, SNFC) tannins (17% and 14% respectively). The titrimetric tests that were aimed at evaluating the levels of inhibition on the nitrifying biomass samples did not allow a direct inhibiting effect to be associated with the concentration levels of the tannin in the effluent. Nonetheless, the reduced specific growth rates of ammonium and nitrite oxidising bacteria imply that a strong environmental pressure is present, if not necessarily due to the concentration of tannins, due to the wastewater as a whole. The differences that have emerged by comparing the two technologies (CASP and MBR), in regards to the role that tannins play in terms of biodegradability, did not appear to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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50
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Marsili L, Casini S, Mori G, Ancora S, Bianchi N, D'Agostino A, Ferraro M, Fossi MC. The Italian wall lizard (Podarcis sicula) as a bioindicator of oil field activity. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:3597-3604. [PMID: 19232674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and to validate a methodology based on biomarker responses and residue analysis on the terrestrial lizard Podarcis sicula to assess the ecotoxicological effects associated with on-shore oil extraction. The oil treatment plant investigated is located in Val d'Agri (southern Italy). Italian wall lizards were sampled on four stations along a transect determined on the basis of prevailing winds downwind of the oil plant. Cytochrome P450 1A1 activities (EROD and BPMO), AChE activity, PAH bile metabolites and contaminant levels (PAHs and trace elements) were measured. Major results in the evaluation of toxicological impact of oil field activity in the Italian wall lizards were obtained for Cd, Hg, total and carcinogenic PAH levels, and PAH metabolites in bile. Results obtained validate, for the first time, P. sicula as a terrestrial bioindicator for the assessment of the toxicological impact of on-shore extraction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marsili
- Department of Environmental Sciences G. Sarfatti, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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