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Hein T, Hauer C, Schmid M, Stöglehner G, Stumpp C, Ertl T, Graf W, Habersack H, Haidvogl G, Hood-Novotny R, Laaha G, Langergraber G, Muhar S, Schmid E, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Schmutz S, Schulz K, Weigelhofer G, Winiwarter V, Baldan D, Canet-Marti A, Eder M, Flödl P, Kearney K, Ondiek R, Pucher B, Pucher M, Simperler L, Tschikof M, Wang C. The coupled socio-ecohydrological evolution of river systems: Towards an integrative perspective of river systems in the 21st century. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149619. [PMID: 34438150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
River systems have undergone a massive transformation since the Anthropocene. The natural properties of river systems have been drastically altered and reshaped, limiting the use of management frameworks, their scientific knowledge base and their ability to provide adequate solutions for current problems and those of the future, such as climate change, biodiversity crisis and increased demands for water resources. To address these challenges, a socioecologically driven research agenda for river systems that complements current approaches is needed and proposed. The implementation of the concepts of social metabolism and the colonisation of natural systems into existing concepts can provide a new basis to analyse the coevolutionary coupling of social systems with ecological and hydrological (i.e., 'socio-ecohydrological') systems within rivers. To operationalize this research agenda, we highlight four initial core topics defined as research clusters (RCs) to address specific system properties in an integrative manner. The colonisation of natural systems by social systems is seen as a significant driver of the transformation processes in river systems. These transformation processes are influenced by connectivity (RC 1), which primarily addresses biophysical aspects and governance (RC 2), which focuses on the changes in social systems. The metabolism (RC 3) and vulnerability (RC 4) of the social and natural systems are significant aspects of the coupling of social systems and ecohydrological systems with investments, energy, resources, services and associated risks and impacts. This socio-ecohydrological research agenda complements other recent approaches, such as 'socio-ecological', 'socio-hydrological' or 'socio-geomorphological' systems, by focusing on the coupling of social systems with natural systems in rivers and thus, by viewing the socioeconomic features of river systems as being just as important as their natural characteristics. The proposed research agenda builds on interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity and requires the implementation of such programmes into the education of a new generation of river system scientists, managers and engineers who are aware of the transformation processes and the coupling between systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hein
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Christoph Hauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Stöglehner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Spatial Planning, Environmental Planning and Land Rearrangement, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ertl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Habersack
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gertrud Haidvogl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood-Novotny
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Statistics, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Langergraber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Muhar
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Schulz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Verena Winiwarter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Baldan
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Alba Canet-Marti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Eder
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Flödl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kearney
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Risper Ondiek
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Lena Simperler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Tschikof
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Cong Wang
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Peer M, Dörler D, Zaller JG, Scheifinger H, Schweiger S, Laaha G, Neuwirth G, Hübner T, Heigl F. Predicting spring migration of two European amphibian species with plant phenology using citizen science data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21611. [PMID: 34732795 PMCID: PMC8566551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is one of the drivers for amphibian population declines globally. Especially in industrialized countries roads disrupt the seasonal migration of amphibians between hibernation and reproduction sites, often ending in roadkills. Thus, a timely installing of temporary mitigation measures is important for amphibian conservation. We wanted to find out if plant phenology can be a proxy in advance to determine the start of amphibian migration, since both phenomena are triggered by temperature. We analysed data of 3751 amphibian and 7818 plant phenology observations from citizen science projects in Austria between 2000 and 2018. Using robust regression modelling we compared the migration of common toads (Bufo bufo) and common frogs (Rana temporaria) with the phenology of five tree, one shrub, and one herb species. Results showed close associations between the migration of common frogs and phenological phases of European larch, goat willow and apricot. Models based on goat willow predict migration of common frog to occur 21 days after flowering, when flowering was observed on 60th day of year; apricot based models predict migration to occur 1 day after flowering, observed on the 75th day of year. Common toads showed weaker associations with plant phenology than common frogs. Our findings suggest that plant phenology can be used to determine the onset of temporary mitigation measures for certain amphibian species to prevent roadkills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Dörler
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Silke Schweiger
- First Zoological Department, Herpetological Collection, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Hübner
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heigl
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180, Vienna, Austria
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Haslinger K, Hofstätter M, Kroisleitner C, Schöner W, Laaha G, Holawe F, Blöschl G. Disentangling Drivers of Meteorological Droughts in the European Greater Alpine Region During the Last Two Centuries. J Geophys Res Atmos 2019; 124:12404-12425. [PMID: 32025451 PMCID: PMC6988487 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the atmospheric drivers of severe precipitation deficits in the Greater Alpine Region during the last 210 years utilizing a daily atmospheric circulation type reconstruction. Precipitation deficit tends to be higher during periods with more frequent anticyclonic (dry) and less frequent cyclonic (wet) circulation types, as would be expected. However, circulation characteristics are not the main drivers of summer precipitation deficit. Dry soils in the warm season tend to limit precipitation, which is particularly the case for circulation types that are sensitive to a soil moisture-precipitation feedback. This mechanism is of specific relevance in explaining the major drought decades of the 1860s and 1940s. Both episodes show large negative precipitation anomalies in spring followed by increasing frequencies of circulation types sensitive to soil moisture precipitation feedbacks. The dry springs of the 1860s were likely caused by circulation characteristics that were quite different from those of recent decades as a consequence of the large spatial extent of Arctic sea ice at the end of the Little Ice Age. On the other hand, the dry springs of the 1940s developed under a persistent positive pressure anomaly across Western and Central Europe, triggered by positive sea surface temperatures in the western subtropical Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Haslinger
- Climate Research DepartmentCentral Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG)ViennaAustria
- Institute for Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering and Centre for Water Resource SystemsVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - M. Hofstätter
- Climate Research DepartmentCentral Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG)ViennaAustria
| | | | - W. Schöner
- Department of Geography and Regional SciencesUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - G. Laaha
- Institute of Applied Statistics and ComputingUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - F. Holawe
- Department of Geography and Regional ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Blöschl
- Institute for Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering and Centre for Water Resource SystemsVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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Schlögl M, Stütz R, Laaha G, Melcher M. A comparison of statistical learning methods for deriving determining factors of accident occurrence from an imbalanced high resolution dataset. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 127:134-149. [PMID: 30856396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main aims of accident data analysis is to derive the determining factors associated with road traffic accident occurrence. While current studies mainly use variants of count data regression to achieve this aim, the problem can also be considered as a binary classification task, with the dichotomous target variable indicating events (accidents) and non-events (no accidents). The effects of 45 variables - describing road condition and geometry, traffic volume and regulations, weather, and accident time - are analyzed using a dataset in high temporal (1 h) and spatial (250 m) resolution, covering the whole highway network of Austria over the period of four consecutive years. A combination of synthetic minority oversampling and maximum dissimilarity undersampling is used to balance the training dataset. We employ and compare a series of statistical learning techniques with respect to their predictive performance and discuss the importance of determining factors of accident occurrence from the ensemble of models. Findings substantiate that a trade-off between accuracy and sensitivity is inherent to imbalanced classification problems. Results show satisfying performance of tree-based methods which exhibit accuracies between 75% and 90% while exhibiting sensitivities between 30% and 50%. Overall, this analysis emphasizes the merits of using high-resolution data in the context of accident analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schlögl
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Transportation Infrastructure Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rainer Stütz
- Digital Insight Lab, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Melcher
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Walter T, Zink R, Laaha G, Zaller JG, Heigl F. Fox sightings in a city are related to certain land use classes and sociodemographics: results from a citizen science project. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:50. [PMID: 30497463 PMCID: PMC6267792 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) have become successful inhabitants of urban areas in recent years. However, our knowledge about the occurrence, distribution and association with land uses of these urban foxes is poor, partly because many favoured habitats are on private properties and therefore hardly accessible to scientists. We assumed that citizen science, i.e. the involvement of the public, could enable researchers to bridge this information gap. We analysed 1179 fox sightings in the city of Vienna, Austria reported via citizen science projects to examine relationships between foxes and the surrounding land use classes as well as sociodemographic parameters. Results Conditional probabilities of encountering foxes were substantially higher in gardens, areas with a low building density, parks or squares as compared to agricultural areas, industrial areas or forests. Generalized linear model analyses showed that sociodemographic parameters such as education levels, district area, population density and average household income additionally improved the predictability of fox sightings. Conclusions Reports of fox sightings by citizen scientists might help to support the establishment of wildlife management in cities. Additionally, these data could be used to address public health issues in relation with red foxes as they can carry zoonoses that are also dangerous to humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0207-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Walter
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Zink
- Austrian Ornithological Centre, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Institute for Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heigl
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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Dörler D, Kropf M, Laaha G, Zaller JG. Occurrence of the invasive Spanish slug in gardens: can a citizen science approach help deciphering underlying factors? BMC Ecol 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 30068321 PMCID: PMC6071400 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris, also known as A. lusitanicus) is considered one of the most invasive species in agriculture, horticulture and private gardens all over Europe. Although this slug has been problematic for decades, there is still not much known about its occurrence across private gardens and the underlying meteorological and ecological factors. One reason for this knowledge gap is the limited access of researchers to private gardens. Here we used a citizen science approach to overcome this obstacle and examined whether the occurrence of Arionidae in Austrian gardens was associated with meteorological (air temperature, precipitation, global solar radiation, relative humidity) or ecological factors (plant diversity, earthworm activity). Occurrence of the invasive A. vulgaris versus the similar-looking native A. rufus was compared using a DNA-barcoding approach. RESULTS Slugs were collected from 1061 gardens from the dry Pannonian lowland to the wet alpine climate (altitudinal range 742 m). Slug abundance in gardens was best explained and negatively associated with the parameters "sum of the mean air temperature in spring", "number of frost days in the previous winter" and "mean daily global solar radiation on the day of data collection". Precipitation, plant diversity and earthworm activity were also related to slug abundance, but positively. Out of our genetic sampling of collected slugs, 92% belonged to A. vulgaris. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that citizen science (i) is a feasible approach to record species occurrence in restricted areas across a wide geographical range and (ii) could be more widely employed in order to identify underlying environmental factors of species occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dörler
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kropf
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G. Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Heigl F, Horvath K, Laaha G, Zaller JG. Amphibian and reptile road-kills on tertiary roads in relation to landscape structure: using a citizen science approach with open-access land cover data. BMC Ecol 2017. [PMID: 28651557 PMCID: PMC5485744 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-017-0134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amphibians and reptiles are among the most endangered vertebrate species worldwide. However, little is known how they are affected by road-kills on tertiary roads and whether the surrounding landscape structure can explain road-kill patterns. The aim of our study was to examine the applicability of open-access remote sensing data for a large-scale citizen science approach to describe spatial patterns of road-killed amphibians and reptiles on tertiary roads. Using a citizen science app we monitored road-kills of amphibians and reptiles along 97.5 km of tertiary roads covering agricultural, municipal and interurban roads as well as cycling paths in eastern Austria over two seasons. Surrounding landscape was assessed using open access land cover classes for the region (Coordination of Information on the Environment, CORINE). Hotspot analysis was performed using kernel density estimation (KDE+). Relations between land cover classes and amphibian and reptile road-kills were analysed with conditional probabilities and general linear models (GLM). We also estimated the potential cost-efficiency of a large scale citizen science monitoring project. Results We recorded 180 amphibian and 72 reptile road-kills comprising eight species mainly occurring on agricultural roads. KDE+ analyses revealed a significant clustering of road-killed amphibians and reptiles, which is an important information for authorities aiming to mitigate road-kills. Overall, hotspots of amphibian and reptile road-kills were next to the land cover classes arable land, suburban areas and vineyards. Conditional probabilities and GLMs identified road-kills especially next to preferred habitats of green toad, common toad and grass snake, the most often found road-killed species. A citizen science approach appeared to be more cost-efficient than monitoring by professional researchers only when more than 400 km of road are monitored. Conclusions Our findings showed that freely available remote sensing data in combination with a citizen science approach would be a cost-efficient method aiming to identify and monitor road-kill hotspots of amphibians and reptiles on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heigl
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kathrin Horvath
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan Str. 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
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Kappel S, Boulyga SF, Dorta L, Günther D, Hattendorf B, Koffler D, Laaha G, Leisch F, Prohaska T. Evaluation strategies for isotope ratio measurements of single particles by LA-MC-ICPMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2943-55. [PMID: 23314620 PMCID: PMC3589628 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Data evaluation is a crucial step when it comes to the determination of accurate and precise isotope ratios computed from transient signals measured by multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) coupled to, for example, laser ablation (LA). In the present study, the applicability of different data evaluation strategies (i.e. 'point-by-point', 'integration' and 'linear regression slope' method) for the computation of (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios measured in single particles by LA-MC-ICPMS was investigated. The analyzed uranium oxide particles (i.e. 9073-01-B, CRM U010 and NUSIMEP-7 test samples), having sizes down to the sub-micrometre range, are certified with respect to their (235)U/(238)U isotopic signature, which enabled evaluation of the applied strategies with respect to precision and accuracy. The different strategies were also compared with respect to their expanded uncertainties. Even though the 'point-by-point' method proved to be superior, the other methods are advantageous, as they take weighted signal intensities into account. For the first time, the use of a 'finite mixture model' is presented for the determination of an unknown number of different U isotopic compositions of single particles present on the same planchet. The model uses an algorithm that determines the number of isotopic signatures by attributing individual data points to computed clusters. The (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios are then determined by means of the slopes of linear regressions estimated for each cluster. The model was successfully applied for the accurate determination of different (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios of particles deposited on the NUSIMEP-7 test samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kappel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry – VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - S. F. Boulyga
- Safeguards Analytical Services, Department of Safeguards, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramer Straße 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - L. Dorta
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Hattendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Koffler
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Laaha
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Leisch
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - T. Prohaska
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry – VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Puschenreiter M, Türktaş M, Sommer P, Wieshammer G, Laaha G, Wenzel WW, Hauser MT. Differentiation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous Salix caprea populations based on phenotypic characteristics and nuclear microsatellite (SSR) markers. Plant Cell Environ 2010; 33:1641-1655. [PMID: 20444221 PMCID: PMC4361689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Salicaceae family comprises a large number of high-biomass species with remarkable genetic variability and adaptation to ecological niches. Salix caprea survives in heavy metal contaminated areas, translocates and accumulates Zn/Cd in leaves. To reveal potential selective effects of long-term heavy metal contaminations on the genetic structure and Zn/Cd accumulation capacity, 170 S. caprea isolates of four metal-contaminated and three non-contaminated middle European sites were analysed with microsatellite markers using Wright's F statistics. The differentiation of populations North of the Alps are more pronounced compared to the Southern ones. By grouping the isolates based on their contamination status, a weak but significant differentiation was calculated between Northern metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations. To quantify if the contamination and genetic status of the populations correlate with Zn/Cd tolerance and the accumulation capacity, the S. caprea isolates were exposed to elevated Cd/Zn concentrations in perlite-based cultures. Consistent with the genetic data nested anova analyses for the physiological traits find a significant difference in the Cd accumulation capacity between the Northern and Southern populations. Our data suggest that natural populations are a profitable source to uncover genetic mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and biomass production, traits that are essential for improving phytoextraction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Mine Türktaş
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Peter Sommer
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Gerlinde Wieshammer
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter W Wenzel
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
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Abstract
The acquisition of German plurals has been the focus of controversy in the last decade. In this paper we claim that degree of productivity (i.e. the capacity of nouns to form potential plurals) plays a key role in determining pace of acquisition. A plural elicitation task was administered to 84 Viennese German-speaking children aged 2;6 to 6;0. Analyses of correct responses showed that the highest scores were obtained with -e plurals, followed by the plural markers -e + U, -er + U, -s and -(e)n. The lowest score was observed for pure Umlaut (U) plurals. Analyses suggested an impact of productivity on the number of correct scores: fully productive and productive plural patterns obtained higher correct scores than weakly productive and non-productive ones. The results of the study support our productivity scale and are compatible both with single-route models and with a race-model variant of the dual-route view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Laaha
- Department of Linguistics and Communication Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Berggasse 11/2/3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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