1
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Badii M, Gaal OI, Cleophas MC, Klück V, Davar R, Habibi E, Keating ST, Novakovic B, Helsen MM, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Macartney-Coxson D, Phipps-Green AJ, Stunnenberg HG, Dinarello CA, Merriman TR, Netea MG, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. Urate-induced epigenetic modifications in myeloid cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:202. [PMID: 34321071 PMCID: PMC8317351 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition central to gout pathogenesis. Urate exposure primes human monocytes towards a higher capacity to produce and release IL-1β. In this study, we assessed the epigenetic processes associated to urate-mediated hyper-responsiveness. METHODS Freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or enriched monocytes were pre-treated with solubilized urate and stimulated with LPS with or without monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cytokine production was determined by ELISA. Histone epigenetic marks were assessed by sequencing immunoprecipitated chromatin. Mice were injected intraarticularly with MSU crystals and palmitate after inhibition of uricase and urate administration in the presence or absence of methylthioadenosine. DNA methylation was assessed by methylation array in whole blood of 76 participants with normouricemia or hyperuricemia. RESULTS High concentrations of urate enhanced the inflammatory response in vitro in human cells and in vivo in mice, and broad-spectrum methylation inhibitors reversed this effect. Assessment of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) revealed differences in urate-primed monocytes compared to controls. Differentially methylated regions (e.g. HLA-G, IFITM3, PRKAB2) were found in people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia in genes relevant for inflammatory cytokine signaling. CONCLUSION Urate alters the epigenetic landscape in selected human monocytes or whole blood of people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia. Both histone modifications and DNA methylation show differences depending on urate exposure. Subject to replication and validation, epigenetic changes in myeloid cells may be a therapeutic target in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O I Gaal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M C Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Davar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Novakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D Macartney-Coxson
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A J Phipps-Green
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - T R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - T O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Cheung WA, Shao X, Morin A, Siroux V, Kwan T, Ge B, Aïssi D, Chen L, Vasquez L, Allum F, Guénard F, Bouzigon E, Simon MM, Boulier E, Redensek A, Watt S, Datta A, Clarke L, Flicek P, Mead D, Paul DS, Beck S, Bourque G, Lathrop M, Tchernof A, Vohl MC, Demenais F, Pin I, Downes K, Stunnenberg HG, Soranzo N, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. Correction to: Functional variation in allelic methylomes underscores a strong genetic contribution and reveals novel epigenetic alterations in the human epigenome. Genome Biol 2019; 20:89. [PMID: 31064398 PMCID: PMC6503438 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Additional file 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Louella Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Bouzigon
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Elodie Boulier
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adriana Redensek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Watt
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniel Mead
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Florence Demenais
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Hendrick G Stunnenberg
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Marneth AE, Prange KHM, Al Hinai ASA, Bergevoet SM, Tesi N, Janssen-Megens EM, Kim B, Sharifi N, Yaspo ML, Kuster J, Sanders MA, Stoetman ECG, Knijnenburg J, Arentsen-Peters TCJM, Zwaan CM, Stunnenberg HG, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Haferlach T, Fornerod M, Jansen JH, Valk PJM, van der Reijden BA, Martens JHA. C-terminal BRE overexpression in 11q23-rearranged and t(8;16) acute myeloid leukemia is caused by intragenic transcription initiation. Leukemia 2017; 32:828-836. [PMID: 28871137 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the BRE (brain and reproductive organ-expressed) gene defines a distinct pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroup. Here we identify a promoter enriched for active chromatin marks in BRE intron 4 causing strong biallelic expression of a previously unknown C-terminal BRE transcript. This transcript starts with BRE intron 4 sequences spliced to exon 5 and downstream sequences, and if translated might code for an N terminally truncated BRE protein. Remarkably, the new BRE transcript was highly expressed in over 50% of 11q23/KMT2A (lysine methyl transferase 2A)-rearranged and t(8;16)/KAT6A-CREBBP cases, while it was virtually absent from other AML subsets and normal tissues. In gene reporter assays, the leukemia-specific fusion protein KMT2A-MLLT3 transactivated the intragenic BRE promoter. Further epigenome analyses revealed 97 additional intragenic promoter marks frequently bound by KMT2A in AML with C-terminal BRE expression. The corresponding genes may be part of a context-dependent KMT2A-MLLT3-driven oncogenic program, because they were higher expressed in this AML subtype compared with other groups. C-terminal BRE might be an important contributor to this program because in a case with relapsed AML, we observed an ins(11;2) fusing CHORDC1 to BRE at the region where intragenic transcription starts in KMT2A-rearranged and KAT6A-CREBBP AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Marneth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K H M Prange
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A S A Al Hinai
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Bergevoet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Tesi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Sharifi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M L Yaspo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kuster
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C G Stoetman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Knijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T C J M Arentsen-Peters
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Zwaan
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - M Fornerod
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B A van der Reijden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Cheung WA, Shao X, Morin A, Siroux V, Kwan T, Ge B, Aïssi D, Chen L, Vasquez L, Allum F, Guénard F, Bouzigon E, Simon MM, Boulier E, Redensek A, Watt S, Datta A, Clarke L, Flicek P, Mead D, Paul DS, Beck S, Bourque G, Lathrop M, Tchernof A, Vohl MC, Demenais F, Pin I, Downes K, Stunnenberg HG, Soranzo N, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. Functional variation in allelic methylomes underscores a strong genetic contribution and reveals novel epigenetic alterations in the human epigenome. Genome Biol 2017; 18:50. [PMID: 28283040 PMCID: PMC5346261 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The functional impact of genetic variation has been extensively surveyed, revealing that genetic changes correlated to phenotypes lie mostly in non-coding genomic regions. Studies have linked allele-specific genetic changes to gene expression, DNA methylation, and histone marks but these investigations have only been carried out in a limited set of samples. Results We describe a large-scale coordinated study of allelic and non-allelic effects on DNA methylation, histone mark deposition, and gene expression, detecting the interrelations between epigenetic and functional features at unprecedented resolution. We use information from whole genome and targeted bisulfite sequencing from 910 samples to perform genotype-dependent analyses of allele-specific methylation (ASM) and non-allelic methylation (mQTL). In addition, we introduce a novel genotype-independent test to detect methylation imbalance between chromosomes. Of the ~2.2 million CpGs tested for ASM, mQTL, and genotype-independent effects, we identify ~32% as being genetically regulated (ASM or mQTL) and ~14% as being putatively epigenetically regulated. We also show that epigenetically driven effects are strongly enriched in repressed regions and near transcription start sites, whereas the genetically regulated CpGs are enriched in enhancers. Known imprinted regions are enriched among epigenetically regulated loci, but we also observe several novel genomic regions (e.g., HOX genes) as being epigenetically regulated. Finally, we use our ASM datasets for functional interpretation of disease-associated loci and show the advantage of utilizing naïve T cells for understanding autoimmune diseases. Conclusions Our rich catalogue of haploid methylomes across multiple tissues will allow validation of epigenome association studies and exploration of new biological models for allelic exclusion in the human genome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1173-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Louella Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Bouzigon
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Elodie Boulier
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adriana Redensek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Watt
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniel Mead
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Florence Demenais
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm U1209, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Hendrick G Stunnenberg
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Martens JWM, Smid M, Rodríguez-González G, Sieuwerts AM, Prager-Van der Smissen WJC, Van Der Vlugt - Daane M, Van Galen A, Nik-Zainal S, Staaf J, Brinkman AB, Van de Vijver MJ, Richardson AL, Berentsen K, Caldas C, Butler A, Martin S, Davies HD, Debets R, Meijer-Van Gelder ME, Van Deurzen CHM, Ramakrishna MR, Ringnér M, Viari A, Birney E, Børresen-Dale AL, Stunnenberg HG, Stratton M, Foekens JA. Abstract P6-08-10: Mutational signatures impact the breast cancer transcriptome and distinguish mitotic from immune response pathways. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-08-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A comprehensive whole genome analysis of a large breast cancer cohort of 560 cases (Nik-Zainal et al, submitted 2015) reports novel and existing DNA substitution and rearrangement signatures next a comprehensive list of events driving the breast cancer cell to its malignant potency. In the current study, we linked the observed genetic diversity to the breast cancer transcriptome for 260 cases for which whole genome and whole transcriptome data were both available.
Cluster analysis of the global gene expression showed the familiar view of a coherent basal-like and a heterogeneous luminal subgroup. New and previously reported1 subtype-specific aberrations with concordant expression changes were found in TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, CCND1, CDH1 and GATA3, and mutations in PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1 and AKT2 were mutually exclusive confirming they are active in the same pathway in breast cancer.
Integrating the identified DNA substitutions signatures with the transcriptome, we observed that the total number of substitutions in a cancer, irrespective of substitution type, was positively associated with cell cycle regulated gene expression and with adverse outcome.
In addition and more remarkably, we observed that the number substitution of two substitution signatures2 particularly associated with immune-response specific gene expression, with increased amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and with a better outcome. These two signatures comprised 1) mutations of the APOBEC-type (predominant C>G in a TCN context), and 2) mutations which lacks specific features but which are strongly associated with genetic and epigenetic inactivating aberrations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Thus, while earlier reports3-5 imply that the sheer number of driver events triggers an immune-response, we refine this statement by observing that substitutions of a particular type are much very effective in doing so explaining the superior outcome of cancer having these particular types of substitutions. This result also implies that purposefully augmenting T-cell reactivity against amino-acid substitutions resulting from either of these two DNA substitution types could potentially improve immunotherapies in breast cancer.
1. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 490, 61-70 (2012).
2. Alexandrov, L.B., et al. Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature 500, 415-421 (2013).
3. Rizvi, N.A., et al. Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science 348, 124-128 (2015).
4. Schumacher, T.N. & Schreiber, R.D. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science 348, 69-74 (2015).
5. Snyder, A., et al. Genetic basis for clinical response to CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma. N Engl J Med 371, 2189-2199 (2014).
Citation Format: Martens JWM, Smid M, Rodríguez-González G, Sieuwerts AM, Prager-Van der Smissen WJC, Van Der Vlugt - Daane M, Van Galen A, Nik-Zainal S, Staaf J, Brinkman AB, Van de Vijver MJ, Richardson AL, Berentsen K, Caldas C, Butler A, Martin S, Davies HD, Debets R, Meijer-Van Gelder ME, Van Deurzen CHM, Ramakrishna MR, Ringnér M, Viari A, Birney E, Børresen-Dale A-L, Stunnenberg HG, Stratton M, Foekens JA. Mutational signatures impact the breast cancer transcriptome and distinguish mitotic from immune response pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- JWM Martens
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Smid
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Rodríguez-González
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - AM Sieuwerts
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - WJC Prager-Van der Smissen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Van Der Vlugt - Daane
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Van Galen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Nik-Zainal
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Staaf
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - AB Brinkman
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - MJ Van de Vijver
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - AL Richardson
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Berentsen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Caldas
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Butler
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Martin
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - HD Davies
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Debets
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - ME Meijer-Van Gelder
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - CHM Van Deurzen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - MR Ramakrishna
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Ringnér
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Viari
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Birney
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A-L Børresen-Dale
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - HG Stunnenberg
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Stratton
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - JA Foekens
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mandoli A, Singh AA, Jansen PWTC, Wierenga ATJ, Riahi H, Franci G, Prange K, Saeed S, Vellenga E, Vermeulen M, Stunnenberg HG, Martens JHA. CBFB-MYH11/RUNX1 together with a compendium of hematopoietic regulators, chromatin modifiers and basal transcription factors occupies self-renewal genes in inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:770-8. [PMID: 24002588 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms for CBFβ-MYH11 function in acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16) have been proposed such as tethering of RUNX1 outside the nucleus, interference with transcription factor complex assembly and recruitment of histone deacetylases, all resulting in transcriptional repression of RUNX1 target genes. Here, through genome-wide CBFβ-MYH11-binding site analysis and quantitative interaction proteomics, we found that CBFβ-MYH11 localizes to RUNX1 occupied promoters, where it interacts with TAL1, FLI1 and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) in the context of the hematopoietic transcription factors ERG, GATA2 and PU.1/SPI1 and the coregulators EP300 and HDAC1. Transcriptional analysis revealed that upon fusion protein knockdown, a small subset of the CBFβ-MYH11 target genes show increased expression, confirming a role in transcriptional repression. However, the majority of CBFβ-MYH11 target genes, including genes implicated in hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal such as ID1, LMO1 and JAG1, are actively transcribed and repressed upon fusion protein knockdown. Together these results suggest an essential role for CBFβ-MYH11 in regulating the expression of genes involved in maintaining a stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A A Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P W T C Jansen
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A T J Wierenga
- 1] Department of Hematology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Riahi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Franci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - K Prange
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Saeed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Angeloni F, Wagemaker CAM, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM, Janssen-Megens EM, Francoijs KJ, Stunnenberg HG, Ouborg NJ. De novo transcriptome characterization and development of genomic tools for Scabiosa columbaria L. using next-generation sequencing techniques. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:662-74. [PMID: 21676196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.02990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are increasingly applied in many organisms, including nonmodel organisms that are important for ecological and conservation purposes. Illumina and 454 sequencing are among the most used NGS technologies and have been shown to produce optimal results at reasonable costs when used together. Here, we describe the combined application of these two NGS technologies to characterize the transcriptome of a plant species of ecological and conservation relevance for which no genomic resource is available, Scabiosa columbaria. We obtained 528,557 reads from a 454 GS-FLX run and a total of 28,993,627 reads from two lanes of an Illumina GAII single run. After read trimming, the de novo assembly of both types of reads produced 109,630 contigs. Both the contigs and the >75 bp remaining singletons were blasted against the Uniprot/Swissprot database, resulting in 29,676 and 10,515 significant hits, respectively. Based on sequence similarity with known gene products, these sequences represent at least 12,516 unique genes, most of which are well covered by contig sequences. In addition, we identified 4320 microsatellite loci, of which 856 had flanking sequences suitable for PCR primer design. We also identified 75,054 putative SNPs. This annotated sequence collection and the relative molecular markers represent a main genomic resource for S. columbaria which should contribute to future research in conservation and population biology studies. Our results demonstrate the utility of NGS technologies as starting point for the development of genomic tools in nonmodel but ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Angeloni
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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8
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Gawlas K, Stunnenberg HG. Differential transcription of the orphan receptor RORbeta in nuclear extracts derived from Neuro2A and HeLa cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:3424-32. [PMID: 11504880 PMCID: PMC55847 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.16.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An important model system for studying the process leading to productive transcription is provided by the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which are for the most part ligand-controlled transcription factors. Over the past years several 'orphan' nuclear receptors have been isolated for which no ligand has yet been identified. Very little is known about how these 'orphan' receptors regulate transcription. In this study we have analysed the biochemical and transcriptional properties of the neuronally expressed orphan nuclear receptor RORbeta (NR1F2) and compared them with the retinoic acid receptor heterodimer RXRalpha-RARalpha (NR2B1-NR1B1) and Gal-VP16 in vitro. Although RORbeta binds to its DNA-binding sites with comparatively low affinity, it efficiently directs transcription in nuclear extracts derived from a neuronal cell line, Neuro2A, but not in nuclear extracts from non-neuronal HeLa cells. In contrast, RXRalpha-RARalpha and the acidic transcription factor Gal-VP16 support transcription in Neuro2A and HeLa nuclear extracts equally efficiently. These observations point to a different (co)factor requirement for transactivation by members of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gawlas
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCMLS, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
Transcriptional regulation at the level of chromatin plays crucial roles during eukaryotic development and differentiation. A plethora of studies revealed that the acetylation status of histones is controlled by multi-protein complexes containing (de)acetylase activities. In the current model, histone deacetylases and acetyltransferases are recruited to chromatin by DNA-bound repressors and activators, respectively. Shifting the balance between deacetylation, i.e. repressive chromatin and acetylation, i.e. active chromatin can lead to aberrant gene transcription and cancer. In human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and avian erythroleukemia (AEL), chromosomal translocations and/or mutations in nuclear hormone receptors, RARalpha [NR1B1] and TRalpha [NR1A1], yielded oncoproteins that deregulate transcription and alter chromatin structure. The oncogenic receptors are locked in their 'off' mode thereby constitutively repressing transcription of genes that are critical for differentiation of hematopoietic cells. AEL involves an oncogenic version of the chicken TRalpha, v-ErbA. Apart from repression by v-ErbA via recruitment of corepressor complexes, other repressors and corepressors appear to be involved in repression of v-ErbA target genes, such as carbonic anhydrase II (CAII). Reactivation of repressed genes in APL and AEL by chromatin modifying agents such as inhibitors of histone deacetylase or of methylation provides new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Rietveld
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCMLS, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26, PO Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Spronk CA, Jansen JF, Tessari M, Kaan AM, Aelen J, Lasonder E, Stunnenberg HG, Vuister GW. Sequence-specific assignment of the PAH2 domain of Sin3B free and bound to Mad1. J Biomol NMR 2001; 19:377-378. [PMID: 11370785 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011262214741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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11
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Braliou GG, Ciana P, Klaassen W, Gandrillon O, Stunnenberg HG. The v-ErbA oncoprotein quenches the activity of an erythroid-specific enhancer. Oncogene 2001; 20:775-87. [PMID: 11314012 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2000] [Revised: 11/22/2000] [Accepted: 12/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
v-ErbA is a mutated variant of thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha/NR1A1) borne by the Avian Erythroblastosis virus causing erythroleukemia. TRalpha is known to activate transcription of specific genes in the presence of its cognate ligand, T3 hormone, while in its absence it represses it. v-ErbA is unable to bind ligand, and hence is thought to contribute to leukemogenesis by actively repressing erythroid-specific genes such as the carbonic anhydrase II gene (CA II). In the prevailing model, v-ErbA occludes liganded TR from binding to its cognate elements and constitutively interacts with the corepressors NCoR/SMRT. We previously identified a v-ErbA responsive element (VRE) within a DNase I hypersensitive region (HS2) located in the second intron of the CA II gene. We now show that HS2 fulfils all the requirements for a genuine enhancer that functions independent of its orientation and position with a profound erythroid-specific activity in normal erythroid progenitors (T2ECs) and in leukemic erythroid cell lines. We find that the HS2 enhancer activity is governed by two adjacent GATA-factor binding sites. v-ErbA as well as unliganded TR prevent HS2 activity by nullifying the positive function of factors bound to GATA-sites. However, v-ErbA, in contrast to TR, does not convey active repression to silence the transcriptional activity intrinsic to a heterologous tk promoter. We propose that depending on the sequence and context of the binding site, v-ErbA contributes to leukemogenesis by occluding liganded TR as well as unliganded TR thereby preventing activation or repression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Braliou
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCMLS University of Nijmegen, Geert Groote plein 26 PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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van Dijk MR, Janse CJ, Thompson J, Waters AP, Braks JA, Dodemont HJ, Stunnenberg HG, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein RW, Eling W. A central role for P48/45 in malaria parasite male gamete fertility. Cell 2001; 104:153-64. [PMID: 11163248 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization and zygote development are obligate features of the malaria parasite life cycle and occur during parasite transmission to mosquitoes. The surface protein PFS48/45 is expressed by male and female gametes of Plasmodium falciparum and PFS48/45 antibodies prevent zygote development and transmission. Here, gene disruption was used to show that Pfs48/45 and the ortholog Pbs48/45 from a rodent malaria parasite P. berghei play a conserved and important role in fertilization. p48/45- parasites had a reduced capacity to produce oocysts in mosquitoes due to greatly reduced zygote formation. Unexpectedly, only male gamete fertility of p48/45- parasites was affected, failing to penetrate otherwise fertile female gametes. P48/45 is shown to be a surface protein of malaria parasites with a demonstrable role in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R van Dijk
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Gawlas K, Stunnenberg HG. Differential binding and transcriptional behaviour of two highly related orphan receptors, ROR alpha(4) and ROR beta(1). Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1494:236-41. [PMID: 11121580 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-inducible transcription factors that can be classified into two major groups according to their DNA-binding properties. Members of the first group bind to DNA as dimers, either homo- or heterodimers; members of the second group are also able to bind as monomers. While the first group has been extensively studied biochemically, very little is known about nuclear receptors that bind and act as monomers. In this study, we compared the binding and transcriptional behaviour of ROR alpha (NR1F1) and ROR beta (NR1F2), two representatives of the subgroup of monomer-binding receptors. We show that although they are highly related in their amino acid structures, they display remarkably different binding behaviours. Furthermore, we provide evidence that ROR beta can efficiently activate transcription in vitro as a monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gawlas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Spronk CA, Tessari M, Kaan AM, Jansen JF, Vermeulen M, Stunnenberg HG, Vuister GW. The Mad1-Sin3B interaction involves a novel helical fold. Nat Struct Biol 2000; 7:1100-4. [PMID: 11101889 DOI: 10.1038/81944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sin3A or Sin3B are components of a corepressor complex that mediates repression by transcription factors such as the helix-loop-helix proteins Mad and Mxi. Members of the Mad/Mxi family of repressors play important roles in the transition between proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating the expression of genes that are activated by the proto-oncogene product Myc. Here, we report the solution structure of the second paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domain (PAH2) of Sin3B in complex with a peptide comprising the N-terminal region of Mad1. This complex exhibits a novel interaction fold for which we propose the name 'wedged helical bundle'. Four alpha-helices of PAH2 form a hydrophobic cleft that accommodates an amphipathic Mad1 alpha-helix. Our data further show that, upon binding Mad1, secondary structure elements of PAH2 are stabilized. The PAH2-Mad1 structure provides the basis for determining the principles of protein interaction and selectivity involving PAH domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Spronk
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, NSR Center, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Transcription of TATA box-containing genes by RNA polymerase II is mediated by TBP-containing and TBP-free multisubunit complexes consisting of common and unique components. We have identified a highly stable TBP-TFIIA-containing complex, TAC, which is detectable in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells but not in differentiated cells. TAC contains the TFIIAgamma subunit and the unprocessed form of TFIIAalphabeta, although the processed TFIIAalpha and TFIIAbeta subunits are present in EC cells. TAC mediates transcriptional activation by RNA polymerase II in vivo, even though it does not contain classical TAFs. Formaldehyde cross-linking revealed that in EC but not in differentiated cells, association of TBP with chromatin is strongly enhanced when complexed with TFIIA in vivo. Remarkably, the TFIIAalphabeta precursor is preferentially, if not exclusively, associated with chromatin as compared to the processed subunits present in "free" TFIIA in EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Mitsiou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Milek RL, Stunnenberg HG, Konings RN. Assembly and expression of a synthetic gene encoding the antigen Pfs48/45 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in yeast. Vaccine 2000; 18:1402-11. [PMID: 10618538 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pfs48/45 is an important transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigen of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This study was aimed at synthesis of recombinant Pfs48/45 containing conformation-constrained epitopes of the native antigen in yeast. Since in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induction of gene-expression led to prematurely terminated transcripts, an entirely synthetic gene of higher GC content was assembled. Replacement of the AT rich natural gene by the synthetic gene relieved the observed premature transcription termination. Nevertheless, recombinant protein expression could not be detected. In contrast, in the yeast Pichia pastoris low levels of recombinant Pfs48/45 were produced upon induction of synthetic gene expression. The recombinant protein was shown to be disulphide-bridge constrained, but was not recognised by transmission-blocking antibodies and did not induce transmission-blocking sera in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Milek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Dechering KJ, Kaan AM, Mbacham W, Wirth DF, Eling W, Konings RN, Stunnenberg HG. Isolation and functional characterization of two distinct sexual-stage-specific promoters of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:967-78. [PMID: 9891033 PMCID: PMC116028 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.2.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of malaria depends on the successful development of the sexual stages of the parasite within the midgut of the mosquito vector. The differentiation process leading to the production of the sexual stages is delineated by several developmental switches. Arresting the progression through this sexual differentiation pathway would effectively block the spread of the disease. The successful development of such transmission-blocking agents is hampered by the lack of a detailed understanding of the program of gene expression that governs sexual differentiation of the parasite. Here we describe the isolation and functional characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum pfs16 and pfs25 promoters, whose activation marks the developmental switches executed during the sexual differentiation process. We have studied the differential activation of the pfs16 and pfs25 promoters during intraerythrocytic development by transfection of P. falciparum and during gametogenesis and early sporogonic development by transfection of the related malarial parasite P. gallinaceum. Our data indicate that the promoter of the pfs16 gene is activated at the onset of gametocytogenesis, while the activity of the pfs25 promoter is induced following the transition to the mosquito vector. Both promoters have unusual DNA compositions and are extremely A/T rich. We have identified the regions in the pfs16 and pfs25 promoters that are essential for high transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we have identified a DNA-binding protein, termed PAF-1, which activates pfs25 transcription in the mosquito midgut. The data presented here shed the first light on the details of processes of gene regulation in the important human pathogen P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Dechering
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Stunnenberg HG, Garcia-Jimenez C, Betz JL. Leukemia: the sophisticated subversion of hematopoiesis by nuclear receptor oncoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1423:F15-33. [PMID: 9989207 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(98)00036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Ciana P, Braliou GG, Demay FG, von Lindern M, Barettino D, Beug H, Stunnenberg HG. Leukemic transformation by the v-ErbA oncoprotein entails constitutive binding to and repression of an erythroid enhancer in vivo. EMBO J 1998; 17:7382-94. [PMID: 9857194 PMCID: PMC1171083 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.24.7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
v-ErbA, a mutated thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha), is thought to contribute to avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV)-induced leukemic transformation by constitutively repressing transcription of target genes. However, the binding of v-ErbA or any unliganded nuclear receptor to a chromatin-embedded response element as well as the role of the N-CoR-SMRT-HDAC co-repressor complex in mediating repression remain hypothetical. Here we identify a v-ErbA-response element, VRE, in an intronic DNase I hypersensitive site (HS2) of the chicken erythroid carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) gene. In vivo footprinting shows that v-ErbA is constitutively bound to this HS2-VRE in transformed, undifferentiated erythroblasts along with other transcription factors like GATA-1. Transfection assays show that the repressed HS2 region can be turned into a potent enhancer in v-ErbA-expressing cells by mutation of the VRE. Differentiation of transformed cells alleviates v-ErbA binding concomitant with activation of CAII transcription. Co-expression of a gag-TRalpha fusion protein in AEV-transformed cells and addition of ligand derepresses CAII transcription. Treatment of transformed cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, derepresses the endogenous, chromatin-embedded CAII gene, while a transfected HS2-enhancer construct remains repressed. Taken together, our data suggest that v-ErbA prevents CAII activation by 'neutralizing' in cis the activity of erythroid transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciana
- Gene Expression Program, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Okuda A, Fukushima A, Nishimoto M, Orimo A, Yamagishi T, Nabeshima Y, Kuro-o M, Nabeshima YI, Boon K, Keaveney M, Stunnenberg HG, Muramatsu M. UTF1, a novel transcriptional coactivator expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and extra-embryonic cells. EMBO J 1998; 17:2019-32. [PMID: 9524124 PMCID: PMC1170547 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.7.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have obtained a novel transcriptional cofactor, termed undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1 (UTF1), from F9 embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells. This protein is expressed in EC and embryonic stem cells, as well as in germ line tissues, but could not be detected in any of the other adult mouse tissues tested. Furthermore, when EC cells are induced to differentiate, UTF1 expression is rapidly extinguished. In normal mouse embryos, UTF1 mRNA is present in the inner cell mass, the primitive ectoderm and the extra-embryonic tissues. During the primitive streak stage, the induction of mesodermal cells is accompanied by the down-regulation of UTF1 in the primitive ectoderm. However, its expression is maintained for up to 13.5 days post-coitum in the extra-embryonic tissue. Functionally, UTF1 boosts the level of transcription of the adenovirus E2A promoter. However, unlike the pluripotent cell-specific E1A-like activity, which requires the E2F sites of the E2A promoter for increased transcriptional activation, UTF1-mediated activation is dependent on the upstream ATF site of this promoter. This result indicates that UTF1 is not a major component of the E1A-like activity present in pluripotent embryonic cells. Further analyses revealed that UTF1 interacts not only with the activation domain of ATF-2, but also with the TFIID complex in vivo. Thus, UTF1 displays many of the hallmark characteristics expected for a tissue-specific transcriptional coactivator that works in early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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21
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Sanguedolce MV, Leblanc BP, Betz JL, Stunnenberg HG. The promoter context is a decisive factor in establishing selective responsiveness to nuclear class II receptors. EMBO J 1997; 16:2861-73. [PMID: 9184230 PMCID: PMC1169894 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.10.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vigorous retinoic acid (RA)-dependent activation of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2) gene in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells is mediated by retinoid receptor heterodimers (RXR-RAR) binding to RAREs that are closely positioned to the TATA box and an EC cell-specific co-factor activity termed E1A-LA. Using a series of direct repeat (DR) elements, we now show that positioning RXR-RAR in close proximity to the basal transcription machinery assembled on the TATA box is decisive in RA responsiveness in EC cells. Notably, a DR1 element functions predominantly as an RAR-responsive element when placed in the context of the RARbeta2 promoter. Moreover, DR3 and DR4 elements which mediate vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone responses, respectively, in other contexts, are converted to exclusive RAR response elements when placed in the RARbeta2 promoter and EC cell context. In differentiated cells, the adenovirus E1A(13S) protein is required to achieve high level RA activation through all of the different DR elements placed in the RARbeta2 context, suggesting that the molecular bridging function of E1A-LA [E1A(13S)] is essential to redefining response element specificity. Finally, we show that the arrangement of cis-acting elements as present in the RARbeta2 promoter is not crucial, but rather the close positioning of the RAREs to the TATA. We conclude that the identity of a given cis-acting element is defined not only by its affinity for the transactivator, but also by the context in which it is placed, as well as the cell type in which the transactivator is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sanguedolce
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Gene Expression Program, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Valcárcel R, Meyer M, Meisterernst M, Stunnenberg HG. Requirement of cofactors for RXR/RAR-mediated transcriptional activation in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1350:229-34. [PMID: 9061014 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(96)00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using crude in vitro systems, we have previously shown that RXR/RAR heterodimers are able to activate transcription from the RAR beta 2 promoter in a retinoid-dependent manner. Here we demonstrate that cofactors distinct from general transcription factors or receptors are required to mediate retinoic acid-dependent transcription in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valcárcel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Iglesias T, Caubín J, Stunnenberg HG, Zaballos A, Bernal J, Muñoz A. Thyroid hormone-dependent transcriptional repression of neural cell adhesion molecule during brain maturation. EMBO J 1996; 15:4307-16. [PMID: 8861959 PMCID: PMC452156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) is a main regulator of brain development acting as a transcriptional modulator. However, only a few T3-regulated brain genes are known. Using an improved whole genome PCR approach, we have isolated seven clones encoding sequences expressed in neonatal rat brain which are under the transcriptional control of T3. Six of them, including the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, alpha-tubulin and four other unidentified sequences (RBA3, RBA4, RBB3 and RBB5) were found to be upregulated in the hypothyroid brain, whereas another (RBE7) was downregulated. Binding sites for the T3 receptor (T3R/c-erbA) were identified in the isolated clones by gel-shift and footprinting assays. Sites in the NCAM (in an intron), alpha-tubulin (in an exon) and RBA4 clones mediated transcriptional regulation by T3 when inserted upstream of a reporter construct. However, no effect of the NCAM clone was found when located downstream of another reporter gene. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization studies showed a higher expression of NCAM in the brain of postnatal hypothyroid rats. Since NCAM is an important morphoregulatory molecule, abnormal NCAM expression is likely to contribute to the alterations present in the brain of thyroid-deficient humans and experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Ruppert SM, McCulloch V, Meyer M, Bautista C, Falkowski M, Stunnenberg HG, Hernandez N. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the amino-terminal domain of human TBP cross-react with TBP from other species. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1996; 15:55-68. [PMID: 9064287 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1996.15.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is a key transcription factor required for transcription by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. It consists of a conserved carboxy-terminal DNA binding domain and a highly divergent amino terminal domain. TBP and different sets of TBP-associated factors (TAFs) constitute at least four multisubunit complexes referred to as SL1, TFIID, TFIIIB, and SNAPC. SL1, TFIID, and TFIIIB are required for transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, respectively, while the SNAP complex is involved in transcription of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes by RNA polymerases II and III. TBP also associates with a number of basal transcription factors such as TFIIA and TFIIB, and with several regulatory factors such as VP16, E1A, and p53. Here we describe the characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the amino-terminal domain of human TBP. These MAbs recognize different TBP epitopes, some of which have been precisely defined. Different MAbs recognize different TBP-containing complexes and several of them crossreact with TBP from other species. These antibodies can be used to purify TBP-containing complexes in a functional form and should be useful to identify new protein-protein interactions involving TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-2170, USA
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25
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Leblanc
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Gene Expression Program, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Reikerstorfer A, Holz H, Stunnenberg HG, Busslinger M. Low affinity binding of interleukin-1 beta and intracellular signaling via NF-kappa B identify Fit-1 as a distant member of the interleukin-1 receptor family. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:17645-8. [PMID: 7629057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.30.17645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fit-1 gene gives rise to two different mRNA isoforms, which code for soluble (Fit-1S) and membrane-bound (Fit-1M) proteins related to the type I interleukin (IL)-1 receptor. To investigate IL-1 binding, we have synthesized and purified histidine-tagged polypeptides corresponding to Fit-1S and the extracellular domain of the type I IL-1 receptor using a vaccinia expression system. Fit-1S is shown to interact with IL-1 beta, but not with IL-1 alpha. However, Fit-1S binds IL-1 beta only with low affinity in contrast to the IL-1 receptor, suggesting that IL-1 beta is not a physiological ligand of Fit-1S. Moreover, expression of the membrane-bound protein Fit-1M in transiently transfected Jurkat cells did not result in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B following IL-1 beta treatment. However, a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the type I IL-1 receptor and of the transmembrane and intracellular regions of Fit-1M stimulated NF-kappa B-dependent transcription as efficiently as the full-length type I IL-1 receptor. These data indicate that Fit-1M is a signaling molecule belonging to the IL-1 receptor family.
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28
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Hateboer G, Gennissen A, Ramos YF, Kerkhoven RM, Sonntag-Buck V, Stunnenberg HG, Bernards R. BS69, a novel adenovirus E1A-associated protein that inhibits E1A transactivation. EMBO J 1995; 14:3159-69. [PMID: 7621829 PMCID: PMC394377 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenovirus E1A gene products are nuclear phosphoproteins that can transactivate the other adenovirus early genes as well as several cellular genes, and can transform primary rodent cells in culture. Transformation and transactivation by E1A proteins is most likely to be mediated through binding to several cellular proteins, including the retinoblastoma gene product pRb, the pRb-related p107 and p130, and the TATA box binding protein TBP. We report here the cloning of BS69, a novel protein that specifically interacts with adenovirus 5 E1A. BS69 has no significant homology to known proteins and requires the region that is unique to the large (289R) E1A protein for high affinity binding. BS69 and E1A proteins coimmunoprecipitate in adenovirus-transformed 293 cells, indicating that these proteins also interact in vivo. BS69 specifically inhibits transactivation by the 289R E1A protein, but not by the 243R E1A protein. BS69 also suppressed the E1A-stimulated transcription of the retinoic acid receptor in COS cells, but did not affect the cellular E1A-like activity that is present in embryonic carcinoma cells. Our data indicate that BS69 is a novel and specific suppressor of E1A-activated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hateboer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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29
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Abstract
The effects of retinoids on gene regulation are mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Here, we provide the first biochemical evidence that, in vitro, ligand governs the transcriptional activity of RXR alpha/RAR alpha by inducing conformational changes in the ligand-binding domains. Using limited proteolytic digestion we show that binding of the cognate ligand causes a conformational change in the carboxy-terminal part of the receptor. We also show that recombinant RXR alpha/RAR alpha is partially active in the absence of exogenously added ligand. Trans-activation depends critically on the ligand-dependent transcriptional activation function AF-2 of RAR alpha. Full activation by recombinant RXR alpha/RAR alpha, however, requires the addition of either all-trans RA, 9-cis RA, or other RAR-specific agonists, whereas an RAR alpha-specific antagonist abolishes trans-activation. Intriguingly, the ligand-dependent AF-2 of RXR does not contribute to the level of transcription from the RAR beta 2 promoter in vitro even when the cognate ligand (9-cis RA) is bound. Thus, the major role of RXR in trans-activation of the RAR beta 2 promoter is to serve as an auxiliary factor required for the binding of RAR which, in turn, is directly responsible for transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valcárcel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Gene Expression Program, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Rudloff U, Stunnenberg HG, Keaveney M, Grummt I. Yeast TBP can replace its human homologue in the RNA polymerase I-specific multisubunit factor SL1. J Mol Biol 1994; 243:840-5. [PMID: 7966304 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Basic mechanisms of transcription initiation are conserved from yeast to man. However, in contrast to genes transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, ribosomal gene transcription by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is species-specific. Promoter selectivity is mediated by SL1/TIF-IB, a multiprotein complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) which bind to DNA and nucleate the assembly of initiation complexes. Using a human cell line that expresses epitope-tagged yeast TBP, we have isolated a chimeric complex consisting of yeast TBP and human TAFs which faithfully promotes human rDNA transcription in vitro. This result argues that specific interactions between TBP and Pol I-specific TAFs have been evolutionarily conserved between distant species. In addition, this finding also underscores the importance of TAFs in determining promoter selectivity of Pol I.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rudloff
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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31
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Wang J, Satoh M, Pierani A, Schmitt J, Chou CH, Stunnenberg HG, Roeder RG, Reeves WH. Assembly and DNA binding of recombinant Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen defined by a novel monoclonal antibody specific for p70/p80 heterodimers. J Cell Sci 1994; 107 ( Pt 11):3223-33. [PMID: 7699019 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107.11.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ku autoantigen is a heterodimer of 70 kDa (p70) and -80 kDa (p80) subunits that is the DNA-binding component of a DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). The 350 kDa (p350) catalytic subunit of DNA-PK phosphorylates Sp-1, Oct-1, p53 and RNA polymerase II in vitro, but the precise cellular role of DNA-PK remains unclear. In the present studies, the assembly of p70/p80 heterodimers and the interaction of Ku with DNA was investigated using recombinant vaccinia viruses directing the synthesis of human p70 (p70-vacc) and p80 (p80-vacc), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Expression of human Ku antigens in rabbit kidney (RK13) cells could be demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining because this cell line contains little endogenous Ku. A novel mAb designated 162 stained the nuclei of RK13 cells coinfected with p70-vacc and p80-vacc, but not cells that were infected with either virus alone, suggesting that it recognized the p70/p80 heterodimer but not monomeric p70 or p80. In agreement with the immunofluorescence data, 162 immunoprecipitated both p70 and p80 from extracts of coinfected cells, but did not immunoprecipitate either subunit by itself from extracts of cells infected with p70-vacc or p80-vacc, respectively. Conversely, the binding of 162 to Ku isolated from human K562 cells stabilized the p70/p80 heterodimer under conditions that normally dissociate p70 from p80. The nuclei of cells infected with p70-vacc alone could be stained with mAb N3H10 (anti-p70) and cells infected with p80-vacc alone could be stained with mAb 111 (anti-p80), indicating that the formation of p70/p80 heterodimers was not required for nuclear transport. Finally, free recombinant and cellular p70 both bound to DNA efficiently in vitro, suggesting that free p70, like the p70/p80 heterodimer, serves as a DNA-binding factor. Moreover, free human p70 could be released from the nuclei of p70-vacc-infected RK13 cells by deoxyribonuclease I treatment, suggesting that it was associated with chromatin in vivo. The nuclear transport of free p70 and the association of free p70 with chromatin in vivo raise the possibility that newly synthesized cellular p70 might undergo nuclear transport and DNA-binding prior to dimerization with p80 or assembly with p350.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7280
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32
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Abstract
Transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors is achieved through autonomous activation functions (AFs), a constitutive N-terminal AF-1 and a C-terminal, ligand-dependent AF-2 that comprises a motif conserved between nuclear receptors. We have performed an extensive mutational analysis of the putative AF-2 domain of chicken thyroid hormone receptor alpha (cT3R alpha). We show that the AF-2 region mediates transactivation as well as transcriptional interference (squelching), not only between the thyroid hormone and vitamin (type II) receptors, but also between type II and steroid hormone (type I) receptors. Transcriptional activation and interference require equivalent doses of the cognate ligand, and mutations in the conserved motif that reduce ligand-induced transactivation also impair transcriptional interference. When fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain, a 35 amino acid long fragment containing the conserved motif is able to transactivate and squelch, albeit in a ligand-independent manner. Our results define the AF-2 of cT3R alpha as an autonomous transactivation domain that, in its natural context, is governed by ligand. We propose that AF-2 is probably part of a surface for interaction with either a general transcription factor or a putative bridging factor, that might be utilized by type I and II receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barettino
- Gene Expression Programme, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-responsive transcription factor, belonging to the class of steroid receptors. AR mutations have been associated with various X-linked diseases, characterized by complete or partial resistance to androgens. To further analyse the molecular mechanism of action of the AR, we have produced the human AR in HeLa cells with a Vaccinia virus expression system. Binding studies on infected HeLa cells demonstrate that the recombinant AR interacts specifically and with high affinity with natural and synthetic androgens. In a gel retardation assay the partially purified AR specifically recognizes an androgen response element of the rat prostatic binding protein gene. Moreover, the recombinant AR activates transcription in vitro from a synthetic promoter construct containing glucocorticoid response elements (GRE).
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Vos
- Legendo, University of Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Gasthuisberg, Belgium
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barettino
- EMBL, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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López-Barahona M, Miñano M, Mira E, Iglesias T, Stunnenberg HG, Rodríguez-Peña A, Bernal J, Muñoz A. Retinoic acid posttranscriptionally up-regulates proteolipid protein gene expression in C6 glioma cells. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:25617-23. [PMID: 7503983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolipid protein (PLP) gene codes for the major central nervous system myelin protein. We have studied the effects of different agents on the expression of the PLP gene in C6 glioma cells. Retinoic acid (RA), but not dexamethasone, estradiol, insulin, growth hormone, or vitamin D3, had a drastic effect, increasing 10-20-fold the level of PLP mRNA. Concomitantly, RA also induced the appearance of the corresponding immunoreactive protein. The increase in PLP RNA level showed a slow kinetics and was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting a posttranscriptional regulation by RA. Nuclear run-on assays confirmed that the rate of PLP gene transcription was unchanged by RA. In contrast, we found that retinoic acid augmented PLP mRNA stability, causing a substantial increase in its half-life. RA action was independent of cell density, serum, or PDGF but was partially inhibited by bFGF. On the other hand, thyroid hormone caused a moderate increase in PLP mRNA levels in C6 cells but only when the low numbers of thyroid receptors in these cells were increased by retrovirally mediated expression of an exogenous c-erbA/TR alpha-1 gene. Our results indicate that RA specifically up-regulates PLP expression in glioma C6 cells at a posttranscriptional level by increasing PLP RNA half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Barahona
- Departamento de Investigación, Antibióticos-Farma S.A., Madrid, Spain
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36
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López-Barahona M, Miñano M, Mira E, Iglesias T, Stunnenberg HG, Rodríguez-Peña A, Bernal J, Muñoz A. Retinoic acid posttranscriptionally up-regulates proteolipid protein gene expression in C6 glioma cells. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Schmitt J, Pohl J, Stunnenberg HG. Cloning and expression of a mouse cDNA encoding p59, an immunophilin that associates with the glucocorticoid receptor. Gene X 1993; 132:267-71. [PMID: 7693550 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90206-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA encoding the homologue of the rabbit immunophilin p59 was cloned from a mouse NIH-3T3 cell line library. Antibodies were generated against the N-terminal fragment of the protein produced in bacteria. Western blotting experiments suggest that homologous proteins are present in several other cell lines tested. Production of mouse p59 using recombinant vaccinia viruses resulted in a protein with the expected size of 59 kDa that can interact with the recombinant glucocorticoid receptor, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmitt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Keaveney M, Berkenstam A, Feigenbutz M, Vriend G, Stunnenberg HG. Residues in the TATA-binding protein required to mediate a transcriptional response to retinoic acid in EC cells. Nature 1993; 365:562-6. [PMID: 8413615 DOI: 10.1038/365562a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic TATA-binding protein TBP, which is required for transcription by RNA polymerase II, is tightly associated with a particular set of factors in the TFIID complex, and as such provides a target for transcriptional regulation exerted by upstream factors. An embryonic carcinoma (EC) cell-specific activity like that of the viral factor E1A has been implicated in the mediation of transactivation from the retinoic acid receptor to human TBP, but yeast TBP cannot perform this function. Using TBP mutants with an altered TATA-box-binding specificity, we show here that yeast TBP can mediate transcriptional activation in mammalian cells and that its inability to convey retinoic acid-dependent transactivation in EC cells is due to specific residues in its core region. These residues preclude a functional association with the cellular E1A-like activity. TBP is thus a target for retinoic acid-dependent transactivation in EC cells by providing a surface for interaction with the EC cell-specific E1A-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keaveney
- Gene Expression Program, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins is a standard technique in molecular biology and a wide variety of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic expression systems are currently in use. A limiting step is often the purification of the expressed recombinant protein, particularly if mammalian expression systems that yield low expression levels are employed. Here, we discuss the advantages and restrictions of tagging recombinant proteins with histidines and purifying them by Ni(2+)-NTA chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmitt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Schmitt J, Stunnenberg HG. The glucocorticoid receptor hormone binding domain mediates transcriptional activation in vitro in the absence of ligand. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:2673-81. [PMID: 8392705 PMCID: PMC309598 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.11.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that recombinant rat glucocorticoid receptor (vvGR) expressed using vaccinia virus is indistinguishable from authentic GR with respect to DNA and hormone binding. In the absence of hormone, vvGR is mainly found in the cytoplasm in a complex with heat shock protein 90. Upon incubation with ligand, vvGR is released from this complex and translocated to the nucleus. Thus, the ligand binding domain displays the known biochemical properties. However, in vitro, transcription from a synthetic promoter and from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter is enhanced by recombinant GR in a ligand independent manner. Both transactivation domains contribute to the transcriptional activity, additively on a synthetic promoter and cooperatively on the MMTV promoter. We thus provide the first evidence that in vitro the hormone binding domain has a transcriptional activity even in the absence of ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmitt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Retinoids play an important role in development and differentiation. Their effect is mediated through nuclear receptors, RAR (alpha, beta and gamma) and RXR (alpha, beta and gamma), which are members of a distinct subclass (hereafter referred to as type II) of the nuclear receptor superfamily that includes the thyroid hormone receptor (T3R), the vitamin D3 receptor (VD3R) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). Type II receptors transactivate through binding sites composed of closely related half-sites (consensus sequence AGG/TTCA) arranged as direct repeats and, with the possible exception of RXR, do not bind to their cognate binding sites as homodimers but require RXR for high affinity binding. RXR thus provides a link between biologically distinct ligand induced pathways and is a potential target for cross-regulation. In addition, RAR can utilize alternative routes to enhance transcription initiation mediated through transcriptional co-activators which are expressed in a cell-type specific manner.
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42
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Abstract
Ecdysone in Drosophila has been a paradigm for steroid hormones since its ability to induce gene activity directly was demonstrated by its effects on moulting and polytene chromosome puffing. The ecdysone receptor (EcR) was recently confirmed as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily by cloning and characterization in a Drosophila cell line. Here we show that EcR needs to heterodimerize with either the retinoid X receptor (RXR) or its Drosophila homologue, ultraspiracle (USP), for DNA binding and transactivation. These results place the ecdysone receptor in the heterodimerizing class of the nuclear receptor superfamily and demonstrate that the role of RXR/USP as a central and promiscuous partner in mediating the activity of these receptors is highly conserved. Whereas EcR-USP DNA-binding activity is unaffected by hormone, EcR-RXR DNA-binding activity is stimulated by either ecdysteroid or 9-cis-retinoic acid, demonstrating that hormone can play a role in heterodimer stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Thomas
- Gene Expression Programme, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Barettino D, Bugge TH, Bartunek P, Vivanco Ruiz MD, Sonntag-Buck V, Beug H, Zenke M, Stunnenberg HG. Unliganded T3R, but not its oncogenic variant, v-erbA, suppresses RAR-dependent transactivation by titrating out RXR. EMBO J 1993; 12:1343-54. [PMID: 8096810 PMCID: PMC413346 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
V-erbA is thought to be an antagonist of thyroid hormone receptor (T3R) function. Here we show that unliganded T3R, but not v-erbA, suppresses retinoic acid (RA)-dependent induction of the RAR-beta 2 promoter by competing for the common dimerization partner, the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Firstly, T3R suppression can be alleviated by co-transfection of RXR. Secondly, T3R, but not v-erbA, competes with RAR for RXR and causes the dissociation of a preformed RAR/RXR-RARE ternary complex in vitro. A single point mutation located in the dimerization interface of v-erbA (Pro349 to Ser) abolishes the transdominant phenotype when introduced at the respective position in T3R. The hypertransforming v-erbA variant r12, in which this mutation is reversed (Ser349 to Pro) suppresses RA-induced differentiation in chicken erythroid progenitors, while v-erbA does not. Our data thus suggest that unliganded T3R and v-erbA act as dominant suppressors through mechanistically distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barettino
- EMBL, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Voit R, Schnapp A, Kuhn A, Rosenbauer H, Hirschmann P, Stunnenberg HG, Grummt I. The nucleolar transcription factor mUBF is phosphorylated by casein kinase II in the C-terminal hyperacidic tail which is essential for transactivation. EMBO J 1992; 11:2211-8. [PMID: 1600946 PMCID: PMC556688 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
UBF is a DNA binding protein which interacts with both the promoter and the enhancer of various vertebrate ribosomal RNA genes and functions as a transcription initiation factor for RNA polymerase I (pol I). We have purified murine UBF to apparent molecular homogeneity and demonstrate that its transactivating potential, but not its DNA binding activity, is modulated in response to cell growth. In vivo labelling experiments demonstrate that UBF is a phosphoprotein and that the phosphorylation state is different in growing and quiescent cells. We show that UBF is phosphorylated in vitro by a cellular protein kinase which by several criteria closely resembles casein kinase II (CKII). A major modification involves serine phosphoesterifications in the carboxy terminal hyperacidic tail of UBF. Deletions of this C-terminal domain severely decreases the UBF directed activation of transcription. The data suggest that phosphorylation of UBF by CKII may play an important role in growth dependent control of rRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Voit
- Institute of Cell and Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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45
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Berkenstam A, Vivanco Ruiz MM, Barettino D, Horikoshi M, Stunnenberg HG. Cooperativity in transactivation between retinoic acid receptor and TFIID requires an activity analogous to E1A. Cell 1992; 69:401-12. [PMID: 1316240 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90443-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells retinoic acid (RA) strongly induces transcription from the RA receptor beta 2 (RAR beta 2) promoter through an RA response element (RARE) located in close proximity to the TATA box. Here we demonstrate that recombinant human TATA box-binding protein, hTFIID, and RAR functionally cooperate in transactivation of the RAR beta 2 promoter in EC cells in a strictly RA-dependent manner. We demonstrate that the core domain of hTFIID is sufficient to mediate RAR-dependent transcription and that Drosophila, but not yeast, TFIID can substitute for hTFIID. In COS cells ectopic expression of the E1A protein is a prerequisite for hTFIID and RAR to cooperate in transactivation. We propose a model for transcriptional regulation of the RAR beta 2 promoter in EC cells in which RAR, following activation by RA, functionally interacts with hTFIID via an E1A-like activity present in EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berkenstam
- EMBL, Gene Expression Program, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (T3R) and vitamin D3 receptor (VD3R) differ from steroid hormone receptors in that they bind and transactivate through responsive elements organized as direct rather than inverted repeats. We now show that recombinant RAR and T3R are monomers in solution and cannot form stable homodimeric complexes on their responsive elements. Stable binding of the receptors to their responsive elements requires heterodimerization with a nuclear factor. This auxiliary factor is tightly associated with RAR and T3R in the absence of DNA and co-purifies with both receptors. As demonstrated by extensive purification, the same auxiliary factor is required for stable DNA binding of RAR as for that of T3R; the factor also facilitates the formation of a stable VD3R-DNA complex. The auxiliary factor is identical to the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) by biochemical and functional criteria. The identification of RXR alpha as a dimerization partner for the RARs, T3Rs and VD3R has important implications as to the function of these receptors and their ligands in development, homeostasis and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Bugge
- Gene Expression Programme, EMBL, Heidelberg, FRG
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47
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Janknecht R, Hipskind RA, Houthaeve T, Nordheim A, Stunnenberg HG. Identification of multiple SRF N-terminal phosphorylation sites affecting DNA binding properties. EMBO J 1992; 11:1045-54. [PMID: 1547771 PMCID: PMC556545 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum response factor (SRF) bearing a histidine tag was expressed using vaccinia virus. The recombinant protein was purified and shown to be phosphorylated mainly in its N-terminal part. The corresponding phosphorylation sites were mapped by microsequencing and also appear to be phosphorylated in endogenous serum response factor. Four phosphorylation sites are located on serines within amino acids 77-85, while another phosphorylation site has been identified at Ser103. Mutations that considerably reduced or abolished phosphorylation at amino acids 77-85 caused a decrease in binding to the c-fos serum response element accompanied by markedly reduced association and dissociation rates. In contrast, replacing Ser103 by alanine decreased DNA binding activity without drastically affecting the on/off rates. The combination of abolishing phosphorylation at amino acids 77-85 and 103 displayed greatly reduced on/off rates of DNA binding, but the reduction of DNA binding activity was partially alleviated. None of these mutations affect either the ability to interact with p62TCF or stimulation of transcription in vitro. These findings imply possible roles for SRF phosphorylation in the regulation of c-fos transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janknecht
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Molecular Biology, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and thyroid hormone receptor (T3R) are thought to bind as dimers to a T3 responsive element (T3REpal) comprised of inverted repeats of the half-site motif GGTCA. However, a RA responsive element (beta RARE) was previously identified in the promoter of the RAR beta 2 gene which contains two direct repeats of the motif GTTCA spaced by a six nucleotide gap. We now demonstrate the ability of RAR alpha, beta and gamma to bind to and transactivate through this element and that the two direct repeats comprise the beta RARE. Surprisingly, the GTTCA motifs rearranged to form a palindrome do not confer RA responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. Furthermore, no significant level of transactivation is detected by ligand-activated RAR through the Moloney murine leukaemia virus T3RE, which comprises two direct repeats of the sequence GGTCA/C spaced by a five nucleotide gap. Similarly, T3R does not induce gene expression through the beta RARE. This study establishes the preference of T3R to transactivate through direct repeats spaced by a five nucleotide gap as opposed to a six nucleotide gap. In contrast, RAR appears to be more flexible with respect to spacing requirements between repeats, although higher levels of transactivation are obtained through direct repeats spaced by a six nucleotide gap. Interestingly, although some elements mediate either RA or T3 induction, changing a single nucleotide in the MoMLV T3RE with a five nucleotide spacing creates a promiscuous RA/T3 responsive element.
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49
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Janknecht R, de Martynoff G, Lou J, Hipskind RA, Nordheim A, Stunnenberg HG. Rapid and efficient purification of native histidine-tagged protein expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:8972-6. [PMID: 1924358 PMCID: PMC52633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.20.8972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus has been used as a vector to express foreign genes for the production of functional and posttranslationally modified proteins. A procedure is described here that allows the rapid native purification of vaccinia-expressed proteins fused to an amino-terminal tag of six histidines. Extracts from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus are loaded onto Ni2+.nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni2+.NTA)-agarose and histidine-tagged proteins are selectively eluted with imidazole-containing buffers. In the case of the human serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor involved in the regulation of the c-fos protooncogene, the vaccinia-expressed histidine-tagged SRF (SRF-6His) could be purified solely by this step to greater than 95% purity. SRF-6His was shown to resemble authentic SRF by functional criteria: it was transported to the nucleus, bound specifically the c-fos serum response element, interacted with the p62TCF protein to form a ternary complex, and stimulated in vitro transcription from the serum response element. Thus, the combination of vaccinia virus expression and affinity purification by Ni2+.NTA chromatography promises to be useful for the production of proteins in a functional and posttranslationally modified form.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janknecht
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Federal Republic of Germany
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50
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Seethaler G, Chaminade M, Vlasak R, Ericsson M, Griffiths G, Toffoletto O, Rossier J, Stunnenberg HG, Kreil G. Targeting of frog prodermorphin to the regulated secretory pathway by fusion to proenkephalin. J Cell Biol 1991; 114:1125-33. [PMID: 1894691 PMCID: PMC2289141 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.114.6.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the sorting and processing of the amphibian precursor prepro-dermorphin in mammalian cells. Dermorphin, a D-alanine-containing peptide with potent opioid activity, has been isolated from the skin of the frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei. The maturation of this peptide from the precursor involves several posttranslational steps. Recombinant vaccinia viruses were used to infect AtT-20, PC12, and HeLa cells to study the sorting and processing of prepro-dermorphin. While this precursor was not processed in any of the examined cell lines, AtT-20 cells were able to process approximately 40% of a chimeric precursor consisting of the first 241 amino acids of prepro-enkephalin fused to a carboxy-terminal part of pro-dermorphin. By immunogold-EM, we could show that the chimeric protein, but not pro-dermorphin, was sorted to dense-core secretion granules. The processing products could be released upon stimulation by 8-Br-cAMP. We conclude that the pro-enkephalin part of the fusion protein contains the information for targeting to the regulated pathway of secretion, while this sorting information is missing in pro-dermorphin. This indicates that sorting mechanisms may differ between amphibian and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Seethaler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Salzburg
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