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Wallgren-Pettersson C, Jokela M, Lehtokari VL, Tyynismaa H, Sainio MT, Ylikallio E, Tynninen O, Pelin K, Auranen M. Variants in tropomyosins TPM2 and TPM3 causing muscle hypertonia. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 35:29-32. [PMID: 38219297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Patients with myopathies caused by pathogenic variants in tropomyosin genes TPM2 and TPM3 usually have muscle hypotonia and weakness, their muscle biopsies often showing fibre size disproportion and nemaline bodies. Here, we describe a series of patients with hypercontractile molecular phenotypes, high muscle tone, and mostly non-specific myopathic biopsy findings without nemaline bodies. Three of the patients had trismus, whilst in one patient, the distal joints of her fingers flexed on extension of the wrists. In one biopsy from a patient with a rare TPM3 pathogenic variant, cores and minicores were observed, an unusual finding in TPM3-caused myopathy. The variants alter conserved contact sites between tropomyosin and actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wallgren-Pettersson
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, the Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and the Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Manu Jokela
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vilma-Lotta Lehtokari
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, the Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and the Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus T Sainio
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Olli Tynninen, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarina Pelin
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, the Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and the Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Tyynismaa H. Parents may prefer prognostic uncertainty about their child's genetic neurodevelopmental condition. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38214948 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Tyynismaa
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics & Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Palu E, Järvilehto J, Pennonen J, Huber N, Herukka SK, Haapasalo A, Isohanni P, Tyynismaa H, Auranen M, Ylikallio E. Rare PMP22 variants in mild to severe neuropathy uncorrelated to plasma GDF15 or neurofilament light. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:291-301. [PMID: 37606798 PMCID: PMC10545620 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous set of hereditary neuropathies whose genetic causes are not fully understood. Here, we characterize three previously unknown variants in PMP22 and assess their effect on the recently described potential CMT biomarkers' growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and neurofilament light (NFL): first, a heterozygous PMP22 c.178G > A (p.Glu60Lys) in one mother-son pair with adult-onset mild axonal neuropathy. The variant led to abnormal splicing, confirmed in fibroblasts by reverse transcription PCR. Second, a de novo PMP22 c.35A > C (p.His12Pro), and third, a heterozygous 3.2 kb deletion predicting loss of exon 4. The latter two had severe CMT and ultrasonography showing strong nerve enlargement similar to a previous case of exon 4 loss due to a larger deletion. We further studied patients with PMP22 duplication (CMT1A) finding slightly elevated plasma NFL, as measured by the single molecule array immunoassay (SIMOA). In addition, plasma GDF15, as measured by ELISA, correlated with symptom severity for CMT1A. However, in the severely affected individuals with PMP22 exon 4 deletion or p.His12Pro, these biomarkers were within the range of variability of CMT1A and controls, although they had more pronounced nerve hypertrophy. This study adds p.His12Pro and confirms PMP22 exon 4 deletion as causes of severe CMT, whereas the previously unknown splice variant p.Glu60Lys leads to mild axonal neuropathy. Our results suggest that GDF15 and NFL do not distinguish CMT1A from advanced hypertrophic neuropathy caused by rare PMP22 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Palu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julius Järvilehto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Child Neurology, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Room 525B, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Room 525B, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Tyynismaa H. Disease models of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:817-823. [PMID: 37410890 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARS) are enzymes critical for the first step of mitochondrial protein synthesis by charging mitochondrial tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Pathogenic variants in all 19 nuclear mtARS genes are now recognized as causing recessive mitochondrial diseases. Most mtARS disorders affect the nervous system, but the phenotypes range from multisystem diseases to tissue-specific manifestations. However, the mechanisms behind the tissue specificities are poorly understood, and challenges remain in obtaining accurate disease models for developing and testing treatments. Here, some of the currently existing disease models that have increased our understanding of mtARS defects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Rönkkö J, Rodriguez Y, Rasila T, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Pennonen J, Kvist J, Kuuluvainen E, Bosch LVD, Hietakangas V, Bultynck G, Tyynismaa H, Ylikallio E. Human IP 3 receptor triple knockout stem cells remain pluripotent despite altered mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102782. [PMID: 37481871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ER Ca2+-release channels that control a broad set of cellular processes. Animal models lacking IP3Rs in different combinations display severe developmental phenotypes. Given the importance of IP3Rs in human diseases, we investigated their role in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) by developing single IP3R and triple IP3R knockouts (TKO). Genome edited TKO-hiPSC lacking all three IP3R isoforms, IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3, failed to generate Ca2+ signals in response to agonists activating GPCRs, but retained stemness and pluripotency. Steady state metabolite profiling and flux analysis of TKO-hiPSC indicated distinct alterations in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites consistent with a deficiency in their pyruvate utilization via pyruvate dehydrogenase, shifting towards pyruvate carboxylase pathway. These results demonstrate that IP3Rs are not essential for hiPSC identity and pluripotency but regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This set of knockout hiPSC is a valuable resource for investigating IP3Rs in human cell types of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rönkkö
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Yago Rodriguez
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Tiina Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
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6
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Konovalova S, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Manjunath P, Liu X, Baral S, Fatima K, Holopainen M, Kvist J, Rajendran J, Yang Y, Varjosalo M, Käkelä R, Somerharju P, Tyynismaa H. Small mitochondrial protein NERCLIN regulates cardiolipin homeostasis and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210599120. [PMID: 37463214 PMCID: PMC10372682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210599120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an essential phospholipid for mitochondrial structure and function. Here, we present a small mitochondrial protein, NERCLIN, as a negative regulator of CL homeostasis and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Primate-specific NERCLIN is expressed ubiquitously from the GRPEL2 locus on a tightly regulated low level. NERCLIN overexpression severely disrupts mitochondrial cristae structure and induces mitochondrial fragmentation. Proximity labeling and immunoprecipitation analysis suggested interactions of NERCLIN with CL synthesis and prohibitin complexes on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Lipid analysis indicated that NERCLIN regulates mitochondrial CL content. Furthermore, NERCLIN is responsive to heat stress ensuring OPA1 processing and cell survival. Thus, we propose that NERCLIN contributes to the stress-induced adaptation of mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings add NERCLIN to the group of recently identified small mitochondrial proteins with important regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Konovalova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pooja Manjunath
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sundar Baral
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Holopainen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jayasimman Rajendran
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172 Shenzhen, China
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Uusimaa J, Kettunen J, Varilo T, Järvelä I, Kallijärvi J, Kääriäinen H, Laine M, Lapatto R, Myllynen P, Niinikoski H, Rahikkala E, Suomalainen A, Tikkanen R, Tyynismaa H, Vieira P, Zarybnicky T, Sipilä P, Kuure S, Hinttala R. The Finnish genetic heritage in 2022 – from diagnosis to translational research. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:278566. [PMID: 36285626 PMCID: PMC9637267 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated populations have been valuable for the discovery of rare monogenic diseases and their causative genetic variants. Finnish disease heritage (FDH) is an example of a group of hereditary monogenic disorders caused by single major, usually autosomal-recessive, variants enriched in the population due to several past genetic drift events. Interestingly, distinct subpopulations have remained in Finland and have maintained their unique genetic repertoire. Thus, FDH diseases have persisted, facilitating vigorous research on the underlying molecular mechanisms and development of treatment options. This Review summarizes the current status of FDH, including the most recently discovered FDH disorders, and introduces a set of other recently identified diseases that share common features with the traditional FDH diseases. The Review also discusses a new era for population-based studies, which combine various forms of big data to identify novel genotype–phenotype associations behind more complex conditions, as exemplified here by the FinnGen project. In addition to the pathogenic variants with an unequivocal causative role in the disease phenotype, several risk alleles that correlate with certain phenotypic features have been identified among the Finns, further emphasizing the broad value of studying genetically isolated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Uusimaa
- Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital 1 , 90029 Oulu , Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu 2 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu 3 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare 4 , 00271 Helsinki
- Finland 4 , 00271 Helsinki
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu 5 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Teppo Varilo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare 4 , 00271 Helsinki
- Finland 4 , 00271 Helsinki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki 6 , 00251 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki 6 , 00251 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center 7 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Helena Kääriäinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare 4 , 00271 Helsinki
- Finland 4 , 00271 Helsinki
| | - Minna Laine
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki 9 , 00029 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Risto Lapatto
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital 10 , 00029 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Päivi Myllynen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital 11 , 90029 Oulu , Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku 12 , 20014 Turku , Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku 13 , 20014 Turku , Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital 14 , 20014 Turku , Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital 15 , 20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu 2 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital 16 , 90029 Oulu , Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki University Hospital 17 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen 18 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki 19 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Päivi Vieira
- Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital 1 , 90029 Oulu , Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu 2 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Tomas Zarybnicky
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki 20 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku 12 , 20014 Turku , Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku 21 , 20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Satu Kuure
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- GM-Unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki 22 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu 2 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu 5 , 90014 Oulu , Finland
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8
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Sutinen A, Nguyen GTT, Raasakka A, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Bartesaghi L, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Structural insights into Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-linked mutations in human GDAP1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1306-1324. [PMID: 35509130 PMCID: PMC9249340 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral polyneuropathy in humans, and its different subtypes are linked to mutations in dozens of different genes. Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause two types of CMT, demyelinating CMT4A and axonal CMT2K. The GDAP1-linked CMT genotypes are mainly missense point mutations. Despite clinical profiling and in vivo studies on the mutations, the etiology of GDAP1-linked CMT is poorly understood. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural properties of the Finnish founding CMT2K mutation H123R as well as CMT2K-linked R120W, both of which are autosomal dominant mutations. The disease variant proteins retain close to normal structure and solution behaviour, but both present a significant decrease in thermal stability. Using GDAP1 variant crystal structures, we identify a side chain interaction network between helices ⍺3, ⍺6, and ⍺7, which is affected by CMT mutations, as well as a hinge in the long helix ⍺6, which is linked to structural flexibility. Structural analysis of GDAP1 indicates that CMT may arise from disruption of specific intra- and intermolecular interaction networks, leading to alterations in GDAP1 structure and stability, and eventually, insufficient motor and sensory neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Neurology, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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9
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Sainio MT, Rasila T, Molchanova SM, Järvilehto J, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Harjuhaahto S, Pennonen J, Huber N, Herukka SK, Haapasalo A, Zetterberg H, Taira T, Palmio J, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. Neurofilament Light Regulates Axon Caliber, Synaptic Activity, and Organelle Trafficking in Cultured Human Motor Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:820105. [PMID: 35237613 PMCID: PMC8883324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.820105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light (NFL) is one of the proteins forming multimeric neuron-specific intermediate filaments, neurofilaments, which fill the axonal cytoplasm, establish caliber growth, and provide structural support. Dominant missense mutations and recessive nonsense mutations in the neurofilament light gene (NEFL) are among the causes of Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy, which affects the peripheral nerves with the longest axons. We previously demonstrated that a neuropathy-causing homozygous nonsense mutation in NEFL led to the absence of NFL in patient-specific neurons. To understand the disease-causing mechanisms, we investigate here the functional effects of NFL loss in human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We used genome editing to generate NEFL knockouts and compared them to patient-specific nonsense mutants and isogenic controls. iPSC lacking NFL differentiated efficiently into motor neurons with normal axon growth and regrowth after mechanical axotomy and contained neurofilaments. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that motor neurons without NFL fired spontaneous and evoked action potentials with similar characteristics as controls. However, we found that, in the absence of NFL, human motor neurons 1) had reduced axonal caliber, 2) the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) was decreased, 3) neurofilament heavy (NFH) levels were reduced and no compensatory increases in other filament subunits were observed, and 4) the movement of mitochondria and to a lesser extent lysosomes was increased. Our findings elaborate the functional roles of NFL in human motor neurons. NFL is not only a structural protein forming neurofilaments and filling the axonal cytoplasm, but our study supports the role of NFL in the regulation of synaptic transmission and organelle trafficking. To rescue the NFL deficiency in the patient-specific nonsense mutant motor neurons, we used three drugs, amlexanox, ataluren (PTC-124), and gentamicin to induce translational read-through or inhibit nonsense-mediated decay. However, the drugs failed to increase the amount of NFL protein to detectable levels and were toxic to iPSC-derived motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana M Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julius Järvilehto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Harjuhaahto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tomi Taira
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences for Electrophysiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Järvilehto J, Harjuhaahto S, Palu E, Auranen M, Kvist J, Zetterberg H, Koskivuori J, Lehtonen M, Saukkonen AM, Jokela M, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. Serum Creatine, Not Neurofilament Light, Is Elevated in CHCHD10-Linked Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:793937. [PMID: 35250809 PMCID: PMC8891230 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.793937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize serum biomarkers in mitochondrial CHCHD10-linked spinal muscular atrophy Jokela (SMAJ) type for disease monitoring and for the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Methods We collected serum samples from a cohort of 49 patients with SMAJ, all carriers of the heterozygous c.197G>T p.G66V variant in CHCHD10. As controls, we used age- and sex-matched serum samples obtained from Helsinki Biobank. Creatine kinase and creatinine were measured by standard methods. Neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured with single molecule array (Simoa), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For non-targeted plasma metabolite profiling, samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Disease severity was evaluated retrospectively by calculating a symptom-based score. Results Axon degeneration marker, NfL, was unexpectedly not altered in the serum of patients with SMAJ, whereas astrocytic activation marker, GFAP, was slightly decreased. Creatine kinase was elevated in most patients, particularly men. We identified six metabolites that were significantly altered in serum of patients with SMAJ in comparison to controls: increased creatine and pyruvate, and decreased creatinine, taurine, N-acetyl-carnosine, and succinate. Creatine correlated with disease severity. Altered pyruvate and succinate indicated a metabolic response to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, lactate or mitochondrial myopathy markers FGF-21 or GDF-15 was not changed. Conclusions Biomarkers of muscle mass and damage are altered in SMAJ serum, indicating a role for skeletal muscle in disease pathogenesis in addition to neurogenic damage. Despite the minimal mitochondrial pathology in skeletal muscle, signs of a metabolic shift can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Järvilehto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Harjuhaahto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edouard Palu
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Manu Jokela
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Emil Ylikallio
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Henna Tyynismaa
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11
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Döhla J, Kuuluvainen E, Gebert N, Amaral A, Englund JI, Gopalakrishnan S, Konovalova S, Nieminen AI, Salminen ES, Torregrosa Muñumer R, Ahlqvist K, Yang Y, Bui H, Otonkoski T, Käkelä R, Hietakangas V, Tyynismaa H, Ori A, Katajisto P. Metabolic determination of cell fate through selective inheritance of mitochondria. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:148-154. [PMID: 35165416 PMCID: PMC7612378 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic characteristics of adult stem cells are distinct from their differentiated progeny, and cellular metabolism is emerging as a potential driver of cell fate conversions1-4. How these metabolic features are established remains unclear. Here we identified inherited metabolism imposed by functionally distinct mitochondrial age-classes as a fate determinant in asymmetric division of epithelial stem-like cells. While chronologically old mitochondria support oxidative respiration, the electron transport chain of new organelles is proteomically immature and they respire less. After cell division, selectively segregated mitochondrial age-classes elicit a metabolic bias in progeny cells, with oxidative energy metabolism promoting differentiation in cells that inherit old mitochondria. Cells that inherit newly synthesized mitochondria with low levels of Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 have a higher pentose phosphate pathway activity, which promotes de novo purine biosynthesis and redox balance, and is required to maintain stemness during early fate determination after division. Our results demonstrate that fate decisions are susceptible to intrinsic metabolic bias imposed by selectively inherited mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Döhla
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Amaral
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna I Englund
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ella S Salminen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Ahlqvist
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hien Bui
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Sainio MT, Aaltio J, Hyttinen V, Kortelainen M, Ojanen S, Paetau A, Tienari P, Ylikallio E, Auranen M, Tyynismaa H. Effectiveness of clinical exome sequencing in adult patients with difficult-to-diagnose neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145:63-72. [PMID: 34418069 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical diagnostics in adults with hereditary neurological diseases is complicated by clinical and genetic heterogeneity, as well as lifestyle effects. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of exome sequencing and clinical costs in our difficult-to-diagnose adult patient cohort. Additionally, we expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of hereditary neurological disorders in Finland. METHODS We performed clinical exome sequencing (CES) to 100 adult patients from Finland with neurological symptoms of suspected genetic cause. The patients were classified as myopathy (n = 57), peripheral neuropathy (n = 16), ataxia (n = 15), spastic paraplegia (n = 4), Parkinsonism (n = 3), and mixed (n = 5). In addition, we gathered the costs of prior diagnostic work-up to retrospectively assess the cost-effectiveness of CES as a first-line diagnostic tool. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield of CES was 27%. Pathogenic variants were found for 14 patients (in genes ANO5, CHCHD10, CLCN1, DES, DOK7, FKBP14, POLG, PYROXD1, SCN4A, TUBB3, and TTN) and likely pathogenic previously undescribed variants for 13 patients (in genes ABCD1, AFG3L2, ATL1, CACNA1A, COL6A1, DYSF, IRF2BPL, KCNA1, MT-ATP6, SAMD9L, SGCB, and TPM2). Age of onset below 40 years increased the probability of finding a genetic cause. Our cost evaluation of prior diagnostic work-up suggested that early CES would be cost-effective in this patient group, in which diagnostic costs increase linearly with prolonged investigations. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, CES is a cost-effective, powerful first-line diagnostic tool in establishing the molecular diagnosis in adult neurological patients with variable symptoms. Importantly, CES can markedly shorten the diagnostic odysseys of about one third of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T. Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Juho Aaltio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Virva Hyttinen
- VATT Institute for Economic Research Helsinki Finland
- Department of Health and Social Management University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Mika Kortelainen
- VATT Institute for Economic Research Helsinki Finland
- Department of Economics Turku School of Economics Turku Finland
| | - Simo Ojanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology HUSLAB and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Clinical Neurosciences Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Neuroscience Center Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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13
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Cabrera-Serrano M, Caccavelli L, Savarese M, Vihola A, Jokela M, Johari M, Capiod T, Madrange M, Bugiardini E, Brady S, Quinlivan R, Merve A, Scalco R, Hilton-Jones D, Houlden H, Ibrahim Aydin H, Ceylaner S, Vockley J, Taylor RL, Folland C, Kelly A, Goullee H, Ylikallio E, Auranen M, Tyynismaa H, Udd B, Forrest ARR, Davis MR, Bratkovic D, Manton N, Robertson T, McCombe P, Laing NG, Phillips L, de Lonlay P, Ravenscroft G. Bi-allelic loss-of-function OBSCN variants predispose individuals to severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Brain 2021; 145:3985-3998. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is the acute breakdown of skeletal myofibres in response to an initiating factor, most commonly toxins and over exertion. A variety of genetic disorders predispose to rhabdomyolysis through different pathogenic mechanisms, particularly in patients with recurrent episodes. However, most cases remain without a genetic diagnosis. Here we present six patients who presented with severe and recurrent rhabdomyolysis, usually with onset in the teenage years; other features included a history of myalgia and muscle cramps. We identified ten bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding obscurin (OBSCN) predisposing individuals to recurrent rhabdomyolysis. We show reduced expression of OBSCN and loss of obscurin protein in patient muscle. Obscurin is proposed to be involved in SR function and Ca2+ handling. Patient cultured myoblasts appear more susceptible to starvation as evidenced by a greater decreased in SR Ca2+ content compared to control myoblasts. This likely reflects a lower efficiency when pumping Ca2+ back into the SR and/or a decrease in Ca2+ SR storage ability when metabolism is diminished. OSBCN variants have previously been associated with cardiomyopathies. None of the patients presented with a cardiomyopathy and cardiac examinations were normal in all cases in which cardiac function was assessed. There was also no history of cardiomyopathy in first degree relatives, in particular in any of the carrier parents. This cohort is relatively young, thus follow-up studies and the identification of additional cases with bi-allelic null OBSCN variants will further delineate OBSCN-related disease and the clinical course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares. Servicio de Neurologia y Neurofisiologia. Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laure Caccavelli
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thierry Capiod
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marine Madrange
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stefen Brady
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosaline Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Ashirwad Merve
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Renata Scalco
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - David Hilton-Jones
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Serdar Ceylaner
- Intergen Genetic Diagnosis and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jerry Vockley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhonda L. Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Chiara Folland
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aasta Kelly
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Goullee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mark R. Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Manton
- SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas Robertson
- Anatomical Pathology, Queensland Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela McCombe
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel G. Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Liza Phillips
- SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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14
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Fellman V, Banerjee R, Lin KL, Pulli I, Cooper H, Tyynismaa H, Kallijärvi J. Severe neonatal MEGDHEL syndrome with a homozygous truncating mutation in SERAC1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166298. [PMID: 34751152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the diagnostic work-up of a newborn infant with a metabolic crisis, lethal multiorgan failure on day six of life, and increased excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid, we found using whole genome sequencing a homozygous SERAC1 mutation indicating MEGDHEL syndrome (3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness-dystonia, hepatopathy, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome). The SERAC1 protein is located at the contact site between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is crucial for cholesterol trafficking. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the homozygous truncating mutation on mitochondrial structure and function. In the patient fibroblasts, no SERAC1 protein was detected, the mitochondrial network was severely fragmented, and the cristae morphology was altered. Filipin staining showed uneven localization of unesterified cholesterol. The calcium buffer function between cytoplasm and mitochondria was deficient. In liver mitochondria, complexes I, III, and IV were clearly decreased. In transfected COS-1 cells the mutant protein with the a 45-amino acid C-terminal truncation was distributed throughout the cell, whereas wild-type SERAC1 partially colocalized with the mitochondrial marker MT-CO1. The structural and functional mitochondrial abnormalities, caused by the loss of SERAC1, suggest that the crucial disease mechanism is disrupted interplay between the ER and mitochondria leading to decreased influx of calcium to mitochondria and secondary respiratory chain deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineta Fellman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Sweden; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilari Pulli
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Turku, Finland
| | - Helen Cooper
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Kenvin S, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Reidelbach M, Pennonen J, Turkia JJ, Rannila E, Kvist J, Sainio MT, Huber N, Herukka SK, Haapasalo A, Auranen M, Trokovic R, Sharma V, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. Threshold of heteroplasmic truncating MT-ATP6 mutation in reprogramming, Notch hyperactivation and motor neuron metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:958-974. [PMID: 34635923 PMCID: PMC8947243 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA encoded subunit of ATP synthase, MT-ATP6, are frequent causes of neurological mitochondrial diseases with a range of phenotypes from Leigh syndrome and NARP to ataxias and neuropathies. Here we investigated the functional consequences of an unusual heteroplasmic truncating mutation m.9154C>T in MT-ATP6, which caused peripheral neuropathy, ataxia and IgA nephropathy. ATP synthase not only generates cellular ATP, but its dimerization is required for mitochondrial cristae formation. Accordingly, the MT-ATP6 truncating mutation impaired the assembly of ATP synthase and disrupted cristae morphology, supporting our molecular dynamics simulations that predicted destabilized a/c subunit subcomplex. Next, we modeled the effects of the truncating mutation using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Unexpectedly, depending on mutation heteroplasmy level, the truncation showed multiple threshold effects in cellular reprogramming, neurogenesis and in metabolism of mature motor neurons (MN). Interestingly, MN differentiation beyond progenitor stage was impaired by Notch hyperactivation in the MT-ATP6 mutant, but not by rotenone-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that altered mitochondrial morphology contributed to Notch hyperactivation. Finally, we also identified a lower mutation threshold for a metabolic shift in mature MN, affecting lactate utilization, which may be relevant for understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial involvement in peripheral motor neuropathies. These results establish a critical and disease-relevant role for ATP synthase in human cell fate decisions and neuronal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kenvin
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruben Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeremi J Turkia
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Rannila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus T Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ras Trokovic
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland.,HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Lepelley A, Della Mina E, Van Nieuwenhove E, Waumans L, Fraitag S, Rice GI, Dhir A, Frémond ML, Rodero MP, Seabra L, Carter E, Bodemer C, Buhas D, Callewaert B, de Lonlay P, De Somer L, Dyment DA, Faes F, Grove L, Holden S, Hully M, Kurian MA, McMillan HJ, Suetens K, Tyynismaa H, Chhun S, Wai T, Wouters C, Bader-Meunier B, Crow YJ. Enhanced cGAS-STING-dependent interferon signaling associated with mutations in ATAD3A. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201560. [PMID: 34387651 PMCID: PMC8374862 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been suggested to drive immune system activation, but the induction of interferon signaling by mtDNA has not been demonstrated in a Mendelian mitochondrial disease. We initially ascertained two patients, one with a purely neurological phenotype and one with features suggestive of systemic sclerosis in a syndromic context, and found them both to demonstrate enhanced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in blood. We determined each to harbor a previously described de novo dominant-negative heterozygous mutation in ATAD3A, encoding ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3A (ATAD3A). We identified five further patients with mutations in ATAD3A and recorded up-regulated ISG expression and interferon α protein in four of them. Knockdown of ATAD3A in THP-1 cells resulted in increased interferon signaling, mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Enhanced interferon signaling was abrogated in THP-1 cells and patient fibroblasts depleted of mtDNA. Thus, mutations in the mitochondrial membrane protein ATAD3A define a novel type I interferonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lepelley
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Erika Della Mina
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Waumans
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Service d’Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gillian I. Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashish Dhir
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P. Rodero
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Luis Seabra
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Edwin Carter
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Centre for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Human Genetics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Filière G2M, MetabERN, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
| | - Lien De Somer
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David A. Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fran Faes
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucy Grove
- Community Paediatric Department, West Suffolk Hospital Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Hully
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Hugh J. McMillan
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristin Suetens
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Regional Hospital Heilig Hart Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine and Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphanie Chhun
- Paris Descartes University, Université de Paris, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 8253, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1151, Team Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Paris, France
| | - Timothy Wai
- Mitochondrial Biology Group, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche 3691, Paris, France
| | - Carine Wouters
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Ylikallio E, Ritari N, Sainio M, Toppila J, Kivirikko S, Tyynismaa H, Auranen M, Isohanni P. De novo SPTAN1 mutation in axonal sensorimotor neuropathy and developmental disorder. Brain 2020; 143:e104. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Ritari
- Neuropsychology, New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki Finland
| | - Sirpa Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neurology, New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Rönkkö J, Molchanova S, Revah‐Politi A, Pereira EM, Auranen M, Toppila J, Kvist J, Ludwig A, Neumann J, Bultynck G, Humblet‐Baron S, Liston A, Paetau A, Rivera C, Harms MB, Tyynismaa H, Ylikallio E. Dominant mutations in ITPR3 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1962-1972. [PMID: 32949214 PMCID: PMC7545616 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ITPR3, encoding inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3, was previously reported as a potential candidate disease gene for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Here, we present genetic and functional evidence that ITPR3 is a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease gene. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing of four affected individuals in an autosomal dominant family and one individual who was the only affected individual in his family was used to identify disease-causing variants. Skin fibroblasts from two individuals of the autosomal dominant family were analyzed functionally by western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and Ca2+ imaging. RESULTS Affected individuals in the autosomal dominant family had onset of symmetrical neuropathy with demyelinating and secondary axonal features at around age 30, showing signs of gradual progression with severe distal leg weakness and hand involvement in the proband at age 64. Exome sequencing identified a heterozygous ITPR3 p.Val615Met variant segregating with the disease. The individual who was the only affected in his family had disease onset at age 4 with demyelinating neuropathy. His condition was progressive, leading to severe muscle atrophy below knees and atrophy of proximal leg and hand muscles by age 16. Trio exome sequencing identified a de novo ITPR3 variant p.Arg2524Cys. Altered Ca2+ -transients in p.Val615Met patient fibroblasts suggested that the variant has a dominant-negative effect on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 function. INTERPRETATION Together with two previously identified variants, our report adds further evidence that ITPR3 is a disease-causing gene for CMT and indicates altered Ca2+ homeostasis in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rönkkö
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Svetlana Molchanova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgramFaculty of Bio‐ and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anya Revah‐Politi
- Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Precision Genomics LaboratoryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Elaine M. Pereira
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical NeurosciencesNeurologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyMedical Imaging CenterHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anastasia Ludwig
- Neuroscience CenterHelsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Adaptive ImmunityKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular SignalingDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker InstituutKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Adaptive ImmunityKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of PathologyHUSLAB and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Claudio Rivera
- Neuroscience CenterHelsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée INMED UMR901MarseilleFrance
| | | | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Neuroscience CenterHelsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Clinical NeurosciencesNeurologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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19
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Saastamoinen A, Hyttinen V, Kortelainen M, Aaltio J, Auranen M, Ylikallio E, Lönnqvist T, Sainio M, Suomalainen A, Tyynismaa H, Isohanni P. Attitudes towards genetic testing and information: does parenthood shape the views? J Community Genet 2020; 11:461-473. [PMID: 32248430 PMCID: PMC7475141 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines how parents of pediatric patients might differ in their views and attitudes towards genetic technology and information when compared to adult patients. There is surprisingly little evidence on how parents compare to other parts of population in their attitudes. Previous empirical studies often relate health-related preferences and attitudes to factors such as age, education, and income instead of parental status, thus evading comparison of parents to others as health-related decision makers. Findings related to the parental status can be useful when implementing genetic technology in clinical practice. We conducted a survey of views on genetic technology and information for groups of adult neurology patients (n = 68) and parents of pediatric neurology patients (n = 31) to shed some light on this issue. In addition to our own survey instrument, we conducted other surveys to gain insight on psychosocial factors that might affect these attitudes. The results suggest that parents are more concerned about their children's genetic risk factors when compared to the attitudes of adult patients about their own risk. For both groups, negative emotional state was associated with more concerns towards genetic information. Our study provides insights on how parental views might affect the acceptance of genetic technology and information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virva Hyttinen
- VATT Institute for Economic Research, PO Box 1279, 00100, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mika Kortelainen
- VATT Institute for Economic Research, PO Box 1279, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Aaltio
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Sainio
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Woldegebriel R, Kvist J, Andersson N, Õunap K, Reinson K, Wojcik MH, Bijlsma EK, Hoffer MJV, Ryan MM, Stark Z, Walsh M, Cuppen I, van den Boogaard MJH, Bharucha-Goebel D, Donkervoort S, Winchester S, Zori R, Bönnemann CG, Maroofian R, O’Connor E, Houlden H, Zhao F, Carpén O, White M, Sreedharan J, Stewart M, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. Distinct effects on mRNA export factor GANP underlie neurological disease phenotypes and alter gene expression depending on intron content. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1426-1439. [PMID: 32202298 PMCID: PMC7297229 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the mRNA export scaffold protein GANP, encoded by the MCM3AP gene, cause autosomal recessive early-onset peripheral neuropathy with or without intellectual disability. We extend here the phenotypic range associated with MCM3AP variants, by describing a severely hypotonic child and a sibling pair with a progressive encephalopathic syndrome. In addition, our analysis of skin fibroblasts from affected individuals from seven unrelated families indicates that disease variants result in depletion of GANP except when they alter critical residues in the Sac3 mRNA binding domain. GANP depletion was associated with more severe phenotypes compared with the Sac3 variants. Patient fibroblasts showed transcriptome alterations that suggested intron content-dependent regulation of gene expression. For example, all differentially expressed intronless genes were downregulated, including ATXN7L3B, which couples mRNA export to transcription activation by association with the TREX-2 and SAGA complexes. Our results provide insight into the molecular basis behind genotype-phenotype correlations in MCM3AP-associated disease and suggest mechanisms by which GANP defects might alter RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Woldegebriel
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Genomics and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Maie Walsh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Inge Cuppen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Winchester
- Child Neurology Center of Northwest Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Roberto Zori
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Emer O’Connor
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, HUSLAB Laboratories, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew White
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jemeen Sreedharan
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Murray Stewart
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Harjuhaahto S, Rasila TS, Molchanova SM, Woldegebriel R, Kvist J, Konovalova S, Sainio MT, Pennonen J, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Ibrahim H, Otonkoski T, Taira T, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. ALS and Parkinson's disease genes CHCHD10 and CHCHD2 modify synaptic transcriptomes in human iPSC-derived motor neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104940. [PMID: 32437855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 have roles in motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and axonal neuropathy and in Parkinson's disease. They form a complex of unknown function. Here we address the importance of these two proteins in human motor neurons. We show that gene edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) lacking either CHCHD2 or CHCHD10 are viable and can be differentiated into functional motor neurons that fire spontaneous and evoked action potentials. Mitochondria in knockout iPSC and motor neurons sustain ultrastructure but show increased proton leakage and respiration, and reciprocal compensatory increases in CHCHD2 or CHCHD10. Knockout motor neurons have largely overlapping transcriptome profiles compared to isogenic control line, in particular for synaptic gene expression. Our results show that the absence of either CHCHD2 or CHCHD10 alters mitochondrial respiration in human motor neurons, inducing similar compensatory responses. Thus, pathogenic mechanisms may involve loss of synaptic function resulting from defective energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Harjuhaahto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina S Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana M Molchanova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosa Woldegebriel
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus T Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Taira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences for Electrophysiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Tyynismaa
- From the Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Hilander T, Zhou XL, Konovalova S, Zhang FP, Euro L, Chilov D, Poutanen M, Chihade J, Wang ED, Tyynismaa H. Editing activity for eliminating mischarged tRNAs is essential in mammalian mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:849-860. [PMID: 29228266 PMCID: PMC5778596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accuracy of protein synthesis is enabled by the selection of amino acids for tRNA charging by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), and further enhanced by the proofreading functions of some of these enzymes for eliminating tRNAs mischarged with noncognate amino acids. Mouse models of editing-defective cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) have previously demonstrated the importance of proofreading for cytoplasmic protein synthesis, with embryonic lethal and progressive neurodegeneration phenotypes. Mammalian mitochondria import their own set of nuclear-encoded ARSs for translating critical polypeptides of the oxidative phosphorylation system, but the importance of editing by the mitochondrial ARSs for mitochondrial proteostasis has not been known. We demonstrate here that the human mitochondrial AlaRS is capable of editing mischarged tRNAs in vitro, and that loss of the proofreading activity causes embryonic lethality in mice. These results indicate that tRNA proofreading is essential in mammalian mitochondria, and cannot be overcome by other quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitri Chilov
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Joseph Chihade
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Ylikallio E, Woldegebriel R, Tyynismaa H. Reply: A novel MCM3AP mutation in a Lebanese family with recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Brain 2019; 141:e67. [PMID: 29982292 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosa Woldegebriel
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Samuelsson K, Radovic A, Press R, Auranen M, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, KäRppä M, Veteläinen M, Peltola N, Mellgren SI, Mygland Å, Tallaksen C, Andersen H, Terkelsen AJ, Fontain F, Hietaharju A. Screening for Fabry disease and Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis in idiopathic small-fiber and mixed neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:354-357. [PMID: 30246259 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we assessed the value of genetic screening for Fabry disease (FD) and hereditary ATTR amyloidosis in patients with idiopathic small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) or mixed neuropathy in a clinical setting. METHODS This was a Nordic multicenter study with 9 participating centers. Patients with idiopathic SFN or mixed neuropathy were included. Genetic sequencing of the TTR and GLA genes was performed. RESULTS There were 172 patients enrolled in the study. Genetic screening was performed in 155 patients. No pathogenic mutations in the TTR gene were found. A single patient had a possible pathogenic variant, R118C, in the GLA gene, but clinical investigation showed no firm signs of FD. DISCUSSION Screening for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and FD in patients with idiopathic SFN or mixed neuropathy without any additional disease-specific symptoms or clinical characteristics in a Nordic population appears to be of little value in a clinical setting. Muscle Nerve 59:354-357, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, R54, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Radovic
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rayomand Press
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, R54, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko KäRppä
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matilda Veteläinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Peltola
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Svein Ivar Mellgren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åse Mygland
- Department of Neurology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Chantal Tallaksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Freja Fontain
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aki Hietaharju
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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26
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Sarute N, Ibrahim N, Medegan Fagla B, Lavanya M, Cuevas C, Stavrou S, Otkiran-Clare G, Tyynismaa H, Henao-Mejia J, Ross SR. TRIM2, a novel member of the antiviral family, limits New World arenavirus entry. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000137. [PMID: 30726215 PMCID: PMC6380604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins belong to a large family with many roles in host biology, including restricting virus infection. Here, we found that TRIM2, which has been implicated in cases of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTD) in humans, acts by blocking hemorrhagic fever New World arenavirus (NWA) entry into cells. We show that Trim2-knockout mice, as well as primary fibroblasts from a CMTD patient with mutations in TRIM2, are more highly infected by the NWAs Junín and Tacaribe virus than wild-type mice or cells are. Using mice with different Trim2 gene deletions and TRIM2 mutant constructs, we demonstrate that its antiviral activity is uniquely independent of the RING domain encoding ubiquitin ligase activity. Finally, we show that one member of the TRIM2 interactome, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA), a known inhibitor of phagocytosis, also restricts NWA infection and conversely that TRIM2 limits phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. In addition to demonstrating a novel antiviral mechanism for TRIM proteins, these studies suggest that the NWA entry and phagocytosis pathways overlap.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Arenaviruses, New World/genetics
- Arenaviruses, New World/growth & development
- Arenaviruses, New World/pathogenicity
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/metabolism
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/pathology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Neurofilament Proteins/genetics
- Neurofilament Proteins/immunology
- Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/immunology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/virology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vero Cells
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sarute
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nouhou Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bani Medegan Fagla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Madakasira Lavanya
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christian Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Spyridon Stavrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guliz Otkiran-Clare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, UIC, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Program for Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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27
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Sommerville EW, Zhou XL, Oláhová M, Jenkins J, Euro L, Konovalova S, Hilander T, Pyle A, He L, Habeebu S, Saunders C, Kelsey A, Morris AAM, McFarland R, Suomalainen A, Gorman GS, Wang ED, Thiffault I, Tyynismaa H, Taylor RW. Instability of the mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase underlies fatal infantile-onset cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:258-268. [PMID: 30285085 PMCID: PMC6321959 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessively inherited variants in AARS2 (NM_020745.2) encoding mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-AlaRS) were first described in patients presenting with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy and multiple oxidative phosphorylation defects. To date, all described patients with AARS2-related fatal infantile cardiomyopathy are united by either a homozygous or compound heterozygous c.1774C>T (p.Arg592Trp) missense founder mutation that is absent in patients with other AARS2-related phenotypes. We describe the clinical, biochemical and molecular investigations of two unrelated boys presenting with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis and respiratory failure. Oxidative histochemistry showed cytochrome c oxidase-deficient fibres in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Biochemical studies showed markedly decreased activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV with a mild decrease of complex III activity in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a c.1738C>T (p.Arg580Trp) AARS2 variant shared by both patients that was in trans with a loss-of-function heterozygous AARS2 variant; a c.1008dupT (p.Asp337*) nonsense variant or an intragenic deletion encompassing AARS2 exons 5-7. Interestingly, our patients did not harbour the p.Arg592Trp AARS2 founder mutation. In silico modelling of the p.Arg580Trp substitution suggested a deleterious impact on protein stability and folding. We confirmed markedly decreased mt-AlaRS protein levels in patient fibroblasts, skeletal and cardiac muscle, although mitochondrial protein synthesis defects were confined to skeletal and cardiac muscle. In vitro data showed that the p.Arg580Trp variant had a minimal effect on activation, aminoacylation or misaminoacylation activities relative to wild-type mt-AlaRS, demonstrating that instability of mt-AlaRS is the biological mechanism underlying the fatal cardiomyopathy phenotype in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen W Sommerville
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janda Jenkins
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sultan Habeebu
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carol Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Anna Kelsey
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Willink Metabolic Unit, Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrew A M Morris
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Willink Metabolic Unit, Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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28
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Sainio MT, Välipakka S, Rinaldi B, Lapatto H, Paetau A, Ojanen S, Brilhante V, Jokela M, Huovinen S, Auranen M, Palmio J, Friant S, Ylikallio E, Udd B, Tyynismaa H. Recessive PYROXD1 mutations cause adult-onset limb-girdle-type muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2018; 266:353-360. [PMID: 30515627 PMCID: PMC6373352 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe adult-onset limb-girdle-type muscular dystrophy caused by biallelic variants in the PYROXD1 gene, which has been recently linked to early-onset congenital myofibrillar myopathy. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed for adult-onset neuromuscular disease patients with no molecular diagnosis. Patients with PYROXD1 variants underwent clinical characterization, lower limb muscle MRI, muscle biopsy and spirometry. A yeast complementation assay was used to determine the biochemical consequences of the genetic variants. Results We identified four patients with biallelic PYROXD1 variants. Three patients, who had symptom onset in their 20s or 30s, were homozygous for the previously described p.Asn155Ser. The fourth patient, with symptom onset at age 49, was compound heterozygous for p.Asn155Ser variant and previously unknown p.Tyr354Cys. All patients presented with a LGMD-type phenotype of symmetric muscle weakness and wasting. Symptoms started in proximal muscles of the lower limbs, and progressed slowly to involve also upper limbs in a proximal-predominant fashion. All patients remained ambulant past the age of 60. They had restrictive lung disease but no cardiac impairment. Muscle MRI showed strong involvement of anterolateral thigh muscles. Muscle biopsy displayed chronic myopathic changes. Yeast complementation assay demonstrated the p.Tyr354Cys mutation to impair PYROXD1 oxidoreductase ability. Conclusion PYROXD1 variants can cause an adult-onset slowly progressive LGMD-type phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-018-9137-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Sainio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Välipakka
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, CNRS, GMGM-UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Helena Lapatto
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Ojanen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia Brilhante
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Huovinen
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sylvie Friant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, CNRS, GMGM-UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Neurology Department, Vasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Clinical and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Palmio J, Sainio M, Välipakka S, Jokela M, Auranen M, Paetau A, Huovinen S, Lapatto H, Ylikallio E, Udd B, Tyynismaa H. MYOFIBRILLAR AND DISTAL MYOPATHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Konovalova S, Liu X, Manjunath P, Baral S, Neupane N, Hilander T, Yang Y, Balboa D, Terzioglu M, Euro L, Varjosalo M, Tyynismaa H. Redox regulation of GRPEL2 nucleotide exchange factor for mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone. Redox Biol 2018; 19:37-45. [PMID: 30098457 PMCID: PMC6089081 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles to cellular metabolism. Their function relies largely on nuclear-encoded proteins that must be imported from the cytosol, and thus the protein import pathways are important for the maintenance of mitochondrial proteostasis. Mitochondrial HSP70 (mtHsp70) is a key component in facilitating the translocation of proteins through the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. Its protein folding cycle is regulated by the nucleotide-exchange factor GrpE, which triggers the release of folded proteins by ATP rebinding. Vertebrates have two mitochondrial GrpE paralogs, GRPEL1 and 2, but without clearly defined roles. Using BioID proximity labeling to identify potential binding partners of the GRPELs in the mitochondrial matrix, we obtained results supporting a model where both GRPELs regulate mtHsp70 as homodimers. We show that GRPEL2 is not essential in human cultured cells, and its absence does not prevent mitochondrial protein import. Instead we find that GRPEL2 is redox regulated in oxidative stress. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, GRPEL2 forms dimers through intermolecular disulfide bonds in which Cys87 is the thiol switch. We propose that the dimerization of GRPEL2 may activate the folding machinery responsible for protein import into mitochondrial matrix or enhance the chaperone activity of mtHSP70, thus protecting mitochondrial proteostasis in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pooja Manjunath
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sundar Baral
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nirajan Neupane
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mügen Terzioglu
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Hilander T, Konovalova S, Terzioglu M, Tyynismaa H. Analysis of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis: De Novo Translation, Steady-State Levels, and Assembled OXPHOS Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 77:e56. [PMID: 30063298 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles with their own genome and protein synthesis machinery. The 13 proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system producing the majority of cellular ATP. Yet most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes, and imported into mitochondria. Therefore, disturbances in cytosolic proteostasis have consequences on the gene expression and synthesis of mtDNA-encoded proteins and overall on mitochondrial function. Internal and environmental factors such as mutations, aging, oxidative stress, and toxic agents can affect the translation and the stability of mitochondrial proteins and lead to OXPHOS dysfunction. Here, methods for analysis of mitochondrial translation rate and protein stability using radioactive and non-radioactive technique as well as the methods for studying steady-state levels and assembly of OXPHOS complexes are described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mügen Terzioglu
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sainio MT, Ylikallio E, Mäenpää L, Lahtela J, Mattila P, Auranen M, Palmio J, Tyynismaa H. Absence of NEFL in patient-specific neurons in early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Neurol Genet 2018; 4:e244. [PMID: 29888333 PMCID: PMC5991776 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used patient-specific neuronal cultures to characterize the molecular genetic mechanism of recessive nonsense mutations in neurofilament light (NEFL) underlying early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. METHODS Motor neurons were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of a patient with early-onset CMT carrying a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in NEFL. Quantitative PCR, protein analytics, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and single-cell transcriptomics were used to investigate patient and control neurons. RESULTS We show that the recessive nonsense mutation causes a nearly total loss of NEFL messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to the complete absence of NEFL protein in patient's cultured neurons. Yet the cultured neurons were able to differentiate and form neuronal networks and neurofilaments. Single-neuron gene expression fingerprinting pinpointed NEFL as the most downregulated gene in the patient neurons and provided data of intermediate filament transcript abundancy and dynamics in cultured neurons. Blocking of nonsense-mediated decay partially rescued the loss of NEFL mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The strict neuronal specificity of neurofilament has hindered the mechanistic studies of recessive NEFL nonsense mutations. Here, we show that such mutation leads to the absence of NEFL, causing childhood-onset neuropathy through a loss-of-function mechanism. We propose that the neurofilament accumulation, a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, mimics the absence of NEFL seen in recessive CMT if aggregation prevents the proper localization of wild-type NEFL in neurons. Our results suggest that the removal of NEFL as a proposed treatment option is harmful in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Sainio
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Mäenpää
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit (M.T.S., E.Y., L.M., M.A., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (E.Y., M.A.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.L., P.M.), University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere; and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics (H.T.), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Bruni F, Di Meo I, Bellacchio E, Webb BD, McFarland R, Chrzanowska‐Lightowlers ZM, He L, Skorupa E, Moroni I, Ardissone A, Walczak A, Tyynismaa H, Isohanni P, Mandel H, Prokisch H, Haack T, Bonnen PE, Enrico B, Pronicka E, Ghezzi D, Taylor RW, Diodato D. Clinical, biochemical, and genetic features associated with VARS2-related mitochondrial disease. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:563-578. [PMID: 29314548 PMCID: PMC5873438 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of mitochondrial disorders have been associated with mutations in mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (mt‐aaRSs), which are key enzymes of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Bi‐allelic functional variants in VARS2, encoding the mitochondrial valyl tRNA‐synthetase, were first reported in a patient with psychomotor delay and epilepsia partialis continua associated with an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Complex I defect, before being described in a patient with a neonatal form of encephalocardiomyopathy. Here we provide a detailed genetic, clinical, and biochemical description of 13 patients, from nine unrelated families, harboring VARS2 mutations. All patients except one, who manifested with a less severe disease course, presented at birth exhibiting severe encephalomyopathy and cardiomyopathy. Features included hypotonia, psychomotor delay, seizures, feeding difficulty, abnormal cranial MRI, and elevated lactate. The biochemical phenotype comprised a combined Complex I and Complex IV OXPHOS defect in muscle, with patient fibroblasts displaying normal OXPHOS activity. Homology modeling supported the pathogenicity of VARS2 missense variants. The detailed description of this cohort further delineates our understanding of the clinical presentation associated with pathogenic VARS2 variants and we recommend that this gene should be considered in early‐onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathies or encephalocardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruni
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Molecular Neurogenetics UnitFoundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. BestaMilanItaly
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesResearch Division‘Bambino Gesù’ Children HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Bryn D. Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Ewa Skorupa
- Department of BiochemistryRadioimmunology and Experimental MedicineThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology UnitFoundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “C. Besta”MilanItaly
| | - Anna Ardissone
- Molecular Neurogenetics UnitFoundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. BestaMilanItaly
- Child Neurology UnitFoundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “C. Besta”MilanItaly
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine DIMETUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Anna Walczak
- Department of Medical GeneticsCentre of BiostructureMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs UnitMolecular NeurologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs UnitMolecular NeurologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Metabolic DiseasesGalilee Medical CenterNahariyaIsrael
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Penelope E. Bonnen
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Bertini Enrico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative DisordersLaboratory of Molecular Medicine‘Bambino Ges.’ Children's Research HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Ewa Pronicka
- Department of PediatricsNutrition and Metabolic DiseasesThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics UnitFoundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. BestaMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Daria Diodato
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative DisordersLaboratory of Molecular Medicine‘Bambino Ges.’ Children's Research HospitalRomeItaly
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34
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Auranen M, Toppila J, Suriyanarayanan S, Lone MA, Paetau A, Tyynismaa H, Hornemann T, Ylikallio E. Clinical and metabolic consequences of L-serine supplementation in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1C. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a002212. [PMID: 29042446 PMCID: PMC5701299 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) may be the first genetic neuropathy amenable to a specific mechanism-based treatment, as L-serine supplementation can be used to lower the neurotoxic levels of 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySL) that cause the neurodegeneration. The treatment is so far untested in HSAN1C caused by variants in the serine palmitoyl transferase subunit 2 (SPTLC2) gene. The aim of this study was to establish whether oral L-serine lowers 1-deoxySL in a patient with HSAN1C, to perform a dose escalation to find the minimal effective dose, and to assess the safety profile and global metabolic effects of the treatment. Our patient underwent a 52-wk treatment in which the L-serine dose was titrated up to 400 mg/kg/day. She was followed up by repeated clinical examination, nerve conduction testing, and skin biopsies to document effects on small nerve fibers. Serum was assayed for 1-deoxySL and metabolomics analysis of 111 metabolites. We found a robust lowering of 1-deoxySL, which correlated in a near-linear fashion with increased serum L-serine levels. Metabolomics analysis showed a modest elevation in glycine and a marked reduction in the level of cytosine, whereas most of the other assayed metabolites did not change. There were no direct side effects from the treatment, but the patient developed a transitory toe ulceration during the course of the study. The Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy score increased by 1 point. We conclude that oral supplementation of L-serine decreases 1-deoxySL in HSAN1C without major global effects on metabolism. L-serine is therefore a potential treatment for HSAN1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Saranya Suriyanarayanan
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
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35
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Ylikallio E, Woldegebriel R, Tumiati M, Isohanni P, Ryan MM, Stark Z, Walsh M, Sawyer SL, Bell KM, Oshlack A, Lockhart PJ, Shcherbii M, Estrada-Cuzcano A, Atkinson D, Hartley T, Tetreault M, Cuppen I, van der Pol WL, Candayan A, Battaloglu E, Parman Y, van Gassen KLI, van den Boogaard MJH, Boycott KM, Kauppi L, Jordanova A, Lönnqvist T, Tyynismaa H. MCM3AP in recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and mild intellectual disability. Brain 2017. [PMID: 28633435 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in mRNA export from the nucleus have been linked to various neurodegenerative disorders. We report mutations in the gene MCM3AP, encoding the germinal center associated nuclear protein (GANP), in nine affected individuals from five unrelated families. The variants were associated with severe childhood onset primarily axonal (four families) or demyelinating (one family) Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Mild to moderate intellectual disability was present in seven of nine affected individuals. The affected individuals were either compound heterozygous or homozygous for different MCM3AP variants, which were predicted to cause depletion of GANP or affect conserved amino acids with likely importance for its function. Accordingly, fibroblasts of affected individuals from one family demonstrated severe depletion of GANP. GANP has been described to function as an mRNA export factor, and to suppress TDP-43-mediated motor neuron degeneration in flies. Thus our results suggest defective mRNA export from nucleus as a potential pathogenic mechanism of axonal degeneration in these patients. The identification of MCM3AP variants in affected individuals from multiple centres establishes it as a disease gene for childhood-onset recessively inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosa Woldegebriel
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuela Tumiati
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Maie Walsh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Mariia Shcherbii
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandro Estrada-Cuzcano
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Derek Atkinson
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Taila Hartley
- Department of Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Martine Tetreault
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Inge Cuppen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Ludo van der Pol
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Candayan
- Bogazici University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Battaloglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Parman
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Department of Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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36
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Cooper HM, Yang Y, Ylikallio E, Khairullin R, Woldegebriel R, Lin KL, Euro L, Palin E, Wolf A, Trokovic R, Isohanni P, Kaakkola S, Auranen M, Lönnqvist T, Wanrooij S, Tyynismaa H. ATPase-deficient mitochondrial inner membrane protein ATAD3A disturbs mitochondrial dynamics in dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1432-1443. [PMID: 28158749 PMCID: PMC5393146 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in ATAD3A (ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A) were recently found to cause a neurological syndrome with developmental delay, hypotonia, spasticity, optic atrophy, axonal neuropathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a dominantly inherited heterozygous variant c.1064G > A (p.G355D) in ATAD3A in a mother presenting with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and axonal neuropathy and her son with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, both with disease onset in childhood. HSP is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder of the upper motor neurons. Symptoms beginning in early childhood may resemble spastic cerebral palsy. The function of ATAD3A, a mitochondrial inner membrane AAA ATPase, is yet undefined. AAA ATPases form hexameric rings, which are catalytically dependent on the co-operation of the subunits. The dominant-negative patient mutation affects the Walker A motif, which is responsible for ATP binding in the AAA module of ATAD3A, and we show that the recombinant mutant ATAD3A protein has a markedly reduced ATPase activity. We further show that overexpression of the mutant ATAD3A fragments the mitochondrial network and induces lysosome mass. Similarly, we observed altered dynamics of the mitochondrial network and increased lysosomes in patient fibroblasts and neurons derived through differentiation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. These alterations were verified in patient fibroblasts to associate with upregulated basal autophagy through mTOR inactivation, resembling starvation. Mutations in ATAD3A can thus be dominantly inherited and underlie variable neurological phenotypes, including HSP, with intrafamiliar variability. This finding extends the group of mitochondrial inner membrane AAA proteins associated with spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Cooper
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Turku, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafil Khairullin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rosa Woldegebriel
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Turku, Finland
| | - Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eino Palin
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ras Trokovic
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Kaakkola
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Penttilä S, Jokela M, Saukkonen AM, Toivanen J, Palmio J, Lähdesmäki J, Sandell S, Shcherbii M, Auranen M, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Udd B. CHCHD10 mutations and motor neuron disease: the distribution in Finnish patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:272-277. [PMID: 27810918 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sini Penttilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jari Toivanen
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Northern Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne Lähdesmäki
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Sandell
- Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Mariia Shcherbii
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
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38
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Ylikallio E, Rahikkala E, Keski-Filppula R, Auranen M, Tyynismaa H. Adrenomyeloneuropathy due to mutation in the ABCD1 gene as underlying factor in spastic paraparesis. Duodecim 2017; 133:683-687. [PMID: 29243459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a Finnish family in which adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) caused by the mutation in the ABCD1 gene was revealed as the cause of spastic paraparesis. . Two patients had hypoadrenalism, which is in some cases some associated with the disease . AMN is a hereditary disease manifested both in men and women. but owing to the location of the gene in the X chromosome the symptoms are usually more severe in male patients. . Diagnoses was trucked down with gene-panel sequencing and confirmed through detection of an elevated level of very long-chain fatty acids in the serum of the patients. Specific molecular genetic diagnosis is beneficial, because it enables precise genetic counseling as well as recognition and treatment of associated symptoms, such as severe cortisol deficiency.
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39
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Linnankivi T, Neupane N, Richter U, Isohanni P, Tyynismaa H. Splicing Defect in Mitochondrial Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Gene Causes Progressive Spastic Paresis Instead of HUPRA Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:884-8. [PMID: 27279129 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an important group of disease genes typically underlying either a disorder affecting an isolated tissue or a distinct syndrome. Missense mutations in the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase gene, SARS2, have been identified in HUPRA syndrome (hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy, and alkalosis). We report here a homozygous splicing mutation in SARS2 in a patient with progressive spastic paresis. We show that the mutation leads to diminished levels of the synthetase in patient's fibroblasts. This has a destabilizing effect on the tRNASer(AGY) isoacceptor, but to a lesser degree than in HUPRA syndrome patients. tRNASer(UCN) is largely unaffected in both phenotypes. In conclusion, the level of tRNASer(AGY) instability may be a factor in determining tissue manifestation in patients with SARS2 mutations. This finding exemplifies the sensitivity of the nervous system to partially reduced aminoacylation, which is sufficient in other tissues to maintain respiratory chain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Linnankivi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nirajan Neupane
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uwe Richter
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Piirilä P, Similä ME, Palmio J, Wuorimaa T, Ylikallio E, Sandell S, Haapalahti P, Uotila L, Tyynismaa H, Udd B, Auranen M. Unique Exercise Lactate Profile in Muscle Phosphofructokinase Deficiency (Tarui Disease); Difference Compared with McArdle Disease. Front Neurol 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27303362 PMCID: PMC4885106 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen storage disease V (GSDV, McArdle disease) and GSDVII (Tarui disease) are the most common of the rare disorders of glycogen metabolism. Both are associated with low lactate levels on exercise. Our aim was to find out whether lactate response associated with exercise testing could distinguish between these disorders. METHODS Two siblings with Tarui disease, two patients with McArdle disease and eight healthy controls were tested on spiroergometric exercise tests with follow-up of venous lactate and ammonia. RESULTS A late increase of lactate about three times the basal level was seen 10-30 min after exercise in patients with Tarui disease being higher than in McArdle disease and lower than in the controls. Ammonia was increased in Tarui disease. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that follow-up of lactate associated with exercise testing can be utilized in diagnostics to distinguish between different GSD diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Minna E Similä
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Tomi Wuorimaa
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Satu Sandell
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Haapalahti
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Lasse Uotila
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pasanen P, Myllykangas L, Pöyhönen M, Kiuru-Enari S, Tienari PJ, Laaksovirta H, Toppila J, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Auranen M. Intrafamilial clinical variability in individuals carrying the CHCHD10 mutation Gly66Val. Acta Neurol Scand 2016. [PMID: 26224640 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene, which encodes a mitochondrially targeted protein, have emerged as an important cause of motor neuron disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical variability in a large family carrying the p.Gly66Val mutation of the CHCHD10 gene. This mutation has recently been reported to cause late-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMAJ) or sensorimotor axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2) in the Finnish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine affected members of an extended Finnish pedigree were included in the study. Detailed clinical and neurophysiological examinations were performed. The CHCHD10 p.Gly66Val mutation was examined by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The heterozygous p.Gly66Val mutation was present in all affected individuals from whom a DNA sample was available. The clinical phenotype varied from proximal sensorimotor neuropathy to spinal muscular atrophy and in one case resembled motor neuron disease ALS at its early stages. The age of onset varied from 30 to 73 years. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that even within the same family, the p.Gly66Val variant can cause variable phenotypes ranging from CMT2-type axonal neuropathy to spinal muscular atrophy, which may also present as an ALS-like disease. The spectrum of CHCHD10-related neuromuscular disease has widened rapidly, and we recommend keeping the threshold for genetic testing low particularly when dominant inheritance or mitochondrial pathology is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pasanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - L. Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and HUSLAB; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Pöyhönen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Helsinki University Central Hospital and Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Kiuru-Enari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. J. Tienari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Research Programs Unit; Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Laaksovirta
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Research Programs Unit; Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; HUS Medical Imaging Center; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - E. Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit; Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit; Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Research Programs Unit; Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Konovalova S, Hilander T, Loayza-Puch F, Rooijers K, Agami R, Tyynismaa H. Exposure to arginine analog canavanine induces aberrant mitochondrial translation products, mitoribosome stalling, and instability of the mitochondrial proteome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anttonen AK, Hilander T, Linnankivi T, Isohanni P, French RL, Liu Y, Simonović M, Söll D, Somer M, Muth-Pawlak D, Corthals GL, Laari A, Ylikallio E, Lähde M, Valanne L, Lönnqvist T, Pihko H, Paetau A, Lehesjoki AE, Suomalainen A, Tyynismaa H. Selenoprotein biosynthesis defect causes progressive encephalopathy with elevated lactate. Neurology 2015; 85:306-15. [PMID: 26115735 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to decipher the molecular genetic basis of disease in a cohort of children with a uniform clinical presentation of neonatal irritability, spastic or dystonic quadriplegia, virtually absent psychomotor development, axonal neuropathy, and elevated blood/CSF lactate. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing of blood DNA from the index patients. Detected compound heterozygous mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Structural predictions and a bacterial activity assay were performed to evaluate the functional consequences of the mutations. Mass spectrometry, Western blotting, and protein oxidation detection were used to analyze the effects of selenoprotein deficiency. RESULTS Neuropathology indicated laminar necrosis and severe loss of myelin, with neuron loss and astrogliosis. In 3 families, we identified a missense (p.Thr325Ser) and a nonsense (p.Tyr429*) mutation in SEPSECS, encoding the O-phosphoseryl-tRNA:selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase, which was previously associated with progressive cerebellocerebral atrophy. We show that the mutations do not completely abolish the activity of SEPSECS, but lead to decreased selenoprotein levels, with demonstrated increase in oxidative protein damage in the patient brain. CONCLUSIONS These results extend the phenotypes caused by defective selenocysteine biosynthesis, and suggest SEPSECS as a candidate gene for progressive encephalopathies with lactate elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Anttonen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taru Hilander
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tarja Linnankivi
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel L French
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuchen Liu
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miljan Simonović
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieter Söll
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirja Somer
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Garry L Corthals
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anni Laari
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja Lähde
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leena Valanne
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helena Pihko
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Paetau
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute (A.-K.A., H.T.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Neuroscience Center (A.-K.A., A.L., A.-E.L.), Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (T.H., P.I., A.L., E.Y., A.-E.L.), University of Helsinki; Departments of Clinical Genetics (A.-K.A.) and Neurology (A.S.), Helsinki University Central Hospital; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T. Linnankivi, P.I., T. Lönnqvist, H.P.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (R.L.F., M. Simonović), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (Y.L., D.S.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Norio Centre (M. Somer), Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology (D.M.-P., G.L.C.), University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.L.), South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; Department of Radiology (L.V.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki; and Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Finland. G.L.C. is currently affiliated with Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Auranen M, Palmio J, Ylikallio E, Huovinen S, Paetau A, Sandell S, Haapasalo H, Viitaniemi K, Piirilä P, Tyynismaa H, Udd B. PFKM gene defect and glycogen storage disease GSDVII with misleading enzyme histochemistry. Neurol Genet 2015; 1:e7. [PMID: 27066546 PMCID: PMC4821086 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To elaborate the diagnostic methods used as “gold standard” in one of the most common glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), Tarui disease (GSDVII). Methods: Two siblings with disease suggestive of GSD underwent thorough clinical analysis, including muscle biopsy, muscle MRI, exercise tests, laboratory examinations, and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Results: Both siblings had juvenile-onset exercise intolerance with cramping and infrequent myoglobinuria. Muscle biopsy showed extralysosomal glycogen accumulation, but because of normal phosphofructokinase histochemistry, GSDVII was thought to be excluded. However, WES revealed a causative homozygous PFKM gene defect, R39Q, in both siblings, establishing the diagnosis of GSDVII, which was confirmed by very low residual phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) enzyme activity in biochemical studies. Conclusions: We suggest that in patients with suspicion of GSD and extralysosomal glycogen accumulation, biochemical activity assay of PFK followed by molecular genetics should be performed even when enzyme histochemistry is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Huovinen
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Sandell
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Viitaniemi
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences (M.A.), Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (J.P., S.S., K.V., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (S.H., H.H.), Fimlab Laboratories, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; and Unit of Clinical Physiology (P.P.), HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Ikeda M, Ide T, Fujino T, Arai S, Saku K, Kakino T, Tyynismaa H, Yamasaki T, Yamada KI, Kang D, Suomalainen A, Sunagawa K. Overexpression of TFAM or twinkle increases mtDNA copy number and facilitates cardioprotection associated with limited mitochondrial oxidative stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119687. [PMID: 25822152 PMCID: PMC4379048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreases in animal and human heart failure (HF), yet its role in cardiomyocytes remains to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective function of increased mtDNA copy number resulting from the overexpression of human transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM) or Twinkle helicase in volume overload (VO)-induced HF. Methods and Results Two strains of transgenic (TG) mice, one overexpressing TFAM and the other overexpressing Twinkle helicase, exhibit an approximately 2-fold equivalent increase in mtDNA copy number in heart. These TG mice display similar attenuations in eccentric hypertrophy and improved cardiac function compared to wild-type (WT) mice without any deterioration of mitochondrial enzymatic activities in response to VO, which was accompanied by a reduction in matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and reactive oxygen species after 8 weeks of VO. Moreover, acute VO-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 upregulation was also suppressed at 24 h in both TG mice. In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) upregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, and human TFAM (hTFAM) overexpression suppressed mitoROS and their upregulation. Additionally, mitoROS were equally suppressed in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts that overexpress hTFAM or rat Twinkle, both of which exhibit increased mtDNA copy number. Furthermore, mitoROS and mitochondrial protein oxidation from both TG mice were suppressed compared to WT mice. Conclusions The overexpression of TFAM or Twinkle results in increased mtDNA copy number and facilitates cardioprotection associated with limited mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that increasing mtDNA copy number could be a useful therapeutic strategy to target mitoROS in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeo Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamori Kakino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Auranen M, Ylikallio E, Shcherbii M, Paetau A, Kiuru-Enari S, Toppila JP, Tyynismaa H. CHCHD10 variant p.(Gly66Val) causes axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neurol Genet 2015; 1:e1. [PMID: 27066538 PMCID: PMC4821082 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the phenotype consistent with axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) in 4 families with a c.197G>T (p.(Gly66Val)) variant in CHCHD10. METHODS We sequenced the CHCHD10 gene in a cohort of 107 families with CMT2 of unknown etiology. The patients were characterized by clinical examination and electroneuromyography. Muscle MRI and biopsy of the muscle or nerve were performed in selected cases. Neuropathologic autopsy was performed in 1 case. RESULTS The c.197G>T variant in CHCHD10 was found in 6 families, 4 of which included multiple individuals available for detailed clinical study. Variants in this gene have recently been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia, mitochondrial myopathy, or spinal muscular atrophy Jokela type (SMAJ), but not with CMT2. Our patients had a late-onset distal axonal neuropathy with motor predominance, progressing to involve sensory nerves. Neurophysiologic and neuropathologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with no loss of anterior horn neurons. Muscle biopsies showed occasional cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers, combined with small amounts of mitochondrial DNA deletions. CONCLUSIONS CHCHD10 c.197G>T (p.(Gly66Val)) is a cause of sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. This gene should be considered in patients presenting with a pure CMT2 phenotype, particularly when motor symptoms predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Shcherbii
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Kiuru-Enari
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi P Toppila
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit (M.A., E.Y., M.S., H.T.), Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (M.A., S.K.-E.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Pathology (A.P.), HUSLAB & University of Helsinki; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.T.), Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Medical Genetics (H.T.), Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Ylikallio E, Konovalova S, Dhungana Y, Hilander T, Junna N, Partanen JV, Toppila JP, Auranen M, Tyynismaa H. Truncated HSPB1 causes axonal neuropathy and impairs tolerance to unfolded protein stress. BBA Clin 2015; 3:233-42. [PMID: 26675522 PMCID: PMC4661565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background HSPB1 belongs to the family of small heat shock proteins (sHSP) that have importance in protection against unfolded protein stress, in cancer cells for escaping drug toxicity stress and in neurons for suppression of protein aggregates. sHSPs have a conserved α-crystalline domain (ACD), flanked by variable N- and C-termini, whose functions are not fully understood. Dominant missense variants in HSPB1, locating mostly to the ACD, have been linked to inherited neuropathy. Methods Patients underwent detailed clinical and neurophysiologic characterization. Disease causing variants were identified by exome or gene panel sequencing. Primary patient fibroblasts were used to investigate the effects of the dominant defective HSPB1 proteins. Results Frameshift variant predicting ablation of the entire C-terminus p.(Met169Cfs2*) of HSPB1 and a missense variant p.(Arg127Leu) were identified in patients with dominantly inherited motor-predominant axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. We show that the truncated protein is stable and binds wild type HSPB1. Both mutations impaired the heat stress tolerance of the fibroblasts. This effect was particularly pronounced for the cells with the truncating variant, independent of heat-induced nuclear translocation and induction of global transcriptional heat response. Furthermore, the truncated HSPB1 increased cellular sensitivity to protein misfolding. Conclusion Our results suggest that truncation of the non-conserved C-terminus impairs the function of HSPB1 in cellular stress response. General significance sHSPs have important roles in prevention of protein aggregates that induce toxicity. We showed that C-terminal part of HSPB1 is critical for tolerance of unfolded protein stress, and when lacking causes axonal neuropathy in patients. C-terminal truncation of small heat shock protein HSPB1 causes neuropathy. Truncated HSPB1 is stable in patient fibroblasts and binds wild type HSPB1. C-terminus of HSPB1 is critical for tolerance to unfolded protein stress. Neuropathy may develop as a consequence of impaired cellular stress response.
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Key Words
- ACD, α-crystalline domain
- CADD, combined annotation dependent depletion
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy
- EMG, electromyography
- ENMG, electroneuromyography
- EVS, exome variant server
- HSPB1
- MUP, motor unit potential
- Protein misfolding
- QST, quantitative sensory testing
- SISu, Sequencing Initiative Suomi
- dHMN, distal hereditary motor neuropathy
- heat shock protein
- sHSP, small heat shock protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Taru Hilander
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Nella Junna
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Juhani V Partanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Jussi P Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland ; Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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48
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Euro L, Konovalova S, Asin-Cayuela J, Tulinius M, Griffin H, Horvath R, Taylor RW, Chinnery PF, Schara U, Thorburn DR, Suomalainen A, Chihade J, Tyynismaa H. Structural modeling of tissue-specific mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS2) defects predicts differential effects on aminoacylation. Front Genet 2015; 6:21. [PMID: 25705216 PMCID: PMC4319469 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis is dependent on the coordinated action of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs) and the mitochondrial DNA-encoded tRNAs. The recent advances in whole-exome sequencing have revealed the importance of the mtARS proteins for mitochondrial pathophysiology since nearly every nuclear gene for mtARS (out of 19) is now recognized as a disease gene for mitochondrial disease. Typically, defects in each mtARS have been identified in one tissue-specific disease, most commonly affecting the brain, or in one syndrome. However, mutations in the AARS2 gene for mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (mtAlaRS) have been reported both in patients with infantile-onset cardiomyopathy and in patients with childhood to adulthood-onset leukoencephalopathy. We present here an investigation of the effects of the described mutations on the structure of the synthetase, in an effort to understand the tissue-specific outcomes of the different mutations. The mtAlaRS differs from the other mtARSs because in addition to the aminoacylation domain, it has a conserved editing domain for deacylating tRNAs that have been mischarged with incorrect amino acids. We show that the cardiomyopathy phenotype results from a single allele, causing an amino acid change R592W in the editing domain of AARS2, whereas the leukodystrophy mutations are located in other domains of the synthetase. Nevertheless, our structural analysis predicts that all mutations reduce the aminoacylation activity of the synthetase, because all mtAlaRS domains contribute to tRNA binding for aminoacylation. According to our model, the cardiomyopathy mutations severely compromise aminoacylation whereas partial activity is retained by the mutation combinations found in the leukodystrophy patients. These predictions provide a hypothesis for the molecular basis of the distinct tissue-specific phenotypic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Euro
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge Asin-Cayuela
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Már Tulinius
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Griffin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen Essen, Germany
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Chihade
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Ylikallio E, Kim D, Isohanni P, Auranen M, Kim E, Lönnqvist T, Tyynismaa H. Dominant transmission of de novo KIF1A motor domain variant underlying pure spastic paraplegia. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1427-30. [PMID: 25585697 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in family 1 kinesin (KIF1A), which encodes a kinesin axonal motor protein, have been described to cause variable neurological manifestations. Recessive missense variants have led to spastic paraplegia, and recessive truncations to sensory and autonomic neuropathy. De novo missense variants cause developmental delay or intellectual disability, cerebellar atrophy and variable spasticity. We describe a family with father-to-son transmission of de novo variant in the KIF1A motor domain, in a phenotype of pure spastic paraplegia. Structural modeling of the predicted p.(Ser69Leu) amino acid change suggested that it impairs the stable binding of ATP to the KIF1A protein. Our study reports the first dominantly inherited KIF1A variant and expands the spectrum of phenotypes caused by heterozygous KIF1A motor domain variants to include pure spastic paraplegia. We conclude that KIF1A should be considered a candidate gene for hereditary paraplegias regardless of inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Lee JR, Srour M, Kim D, Hamdan FF, Lim SH, Brunel-Guitton C, Décarie JC, Rossignol E, Mitchell GA, Schreiber A, Moran R, Van Haren K, Richardson R, Nicolai J, Oberndorff KMEJ, Wagner JD, Boycott KM, Rahikkala E, Junna N, Tyynismaa H, Cuppen I, Verbeek NE, Stumpel CTRM, Willemsen MA, de Munnik SA, Rouleau GA, Kim E, Kamsteeg EJ, Kleefstra T, Michaud JL. De novo mutations in the motor domain of KIF1A cause cognitive impairment, spastic paraparesis, axonal neuropathy, and cerebellar atrophy. Hum Mutat 2014; 36:69-78. [PMID: 25265257 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
KIF1A is a neuron-specific motor protein that plays important roles in cargo transport along neurites. Recessive mutations in KIF1A were previously described in families with spastic paraparesis or sensory and autonomic neuropathy type-2. Here, we report 11 heterozygous de novo missense mutations (p.S58L, p.T99M, p.G102D, p.V144F, p.R167C, p.A202P, p.S215R, p.R216P, p.L249Q, p.E253K, and p.R316W) in KIF1A in 14 individuals, including two monozygotic twins. Two mutations (p.T99M and p.E253K) were recurrent, each being found in unrelated cases. All these de novo mutations are located in the motor domain (MD) of KIF1A. Structural modeling revealed that they alter conserved residues that are critical for the structure and function of the MD. Transfection studies suggested that at least five of these mutations affect the transport of the MD along axons. Individuals with de novo mutations in KIF1A display a phenotype characterized by cognitive impairment and variable presence of cerebellar atrophy, spastic paraparesis, optic nerve atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and epilepsy. Our findings thus indicate that de novo missense mutations in the MD of KIF1A cause a phenotype that overlaps with, while being more severe, than that associated with recessive mutations in the same gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ran Lee
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
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