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Elrashidy RA, Mohamed HE, Abdel Aal SM, Mohamed SR, Tolba SM, Mahmoud YK. Oleuropein attenuates the nephrotoxic effect of sunitinib in rats: Unraveling the potential role of SIRT6/Notch-1/NLRP-3/IL-1β axis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109986. [PMID: 38582273 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Sunitinib (SUN) is a chemotherapeutic agent clinically approved for treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma. Despite its remarkable benefits, various renal toxicities have been reported that limit its clinical uses. Oleuropein (OLE) is the main polyphenolic constituent of olive tree and mediates the majority of its valuable pharmacological activities. The current study examined the probable renoprotective effects of OLE against SUN-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male albino rats were co-treated by SUN (25 mg/kg, 3 times/week, PO) with either a drug vehicle or OLE (60 mg/kg/day, daily, PO) for four weeks. A control group comprising of age-matched rats was used. Four weeks later, blood specimens were collected to assess kidney functions. Kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Administration of SUN induced kidney dysfunction, along with marked rises in endothelin-1 (ET-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in renal tissues. Histological abnormalities were also detected in kidneys of SUN-treated rats including glomerular and tubular interstitial congestion along with interstitial fibrosis. On molecular levels, there was a decline in renal SIRT6 expression along with significant up-regulation of Notch-1, NLRP-3, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and cleaved caspsase-3. All these changes were almost alleviated by OLE co-treatment. These findings suggest the implication of SIRT6/Notch-1/NLRP3/IL-1β axis in the pathogenesis of SUN-induced nephrotoxicity and highlight OLE as a prospective renoprotective agent during SUN chemotherapy to halt its renal toxicity likely through promotion of SIRT6 and suppression of Notch-1/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar R Mohamed
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sara M Tolba
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Abdelhady MA, Elmaghraby AM, Elrashidy RA. Empagliflozin and pirfenidone confer renoprotection through suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and promotion of tubular regeneration in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116892. [PMID: 38492675 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely coupled with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway drives tubular injury in animal models of acute kidney injury; but its contribution in CKD is still elusive. This study investigated the effect empagliflozin and/or pirfenidone against MetS-induced kidney dysfunction, and to clarify additional underpinning mechanisms particularly the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Adult male rats received 10%w/v fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks to develop MetS, then treated with either drug vehicle, empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) and/or pirfenidone (100 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for subsequent 4 weeks, concurrently with the high dietary fructose. Age-matched rats receiving normal drinking water were used as controls. After 24 weeks, blood and kidneys were harvested for subsequent analyses. Rats with MetS showed signs of kidney dysfunction, structural changes and interstitial fibrosis. Activation of GSK-3β, decreased cyclinD1 expression and enhanced apoptotic signaling were found in kidneys of MetS rats. There was abundant alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression along with up-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 in kidneys of MetS rats. These derangements were almost alleviated by empagliflozin or pirfenidone, with evidence that the combined therapy was more effective than either individual drug. This study emphasizes a novel mechanism underpinning the beneficial effects of empagliflozin and pirfenidone on kidney dysfunction associated with MetS through targeting GSK-3β signaling which can mediate the regenerative capacity, anti-apoptotic effects and anti-fibrotic properties of such drugs. These findings recommend the possibility of using empagliflozin and pirfenidone as promising therapies for management of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Merna A Abdelhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elmaghraby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Mohamed HE, Askar ME, Shaheen MA, Salama AE, Idris RA, Younis NN. Infliximab substantially re-silenced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23312. [PMID: 36636964 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The release of inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. TNF-α increases in plasma and in myocardium of heart failure patients. We aimed to investigate the role of TNF-α inhibitor (infliximab; IFX) in regulating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced in rats. DCM was induced in rats by doxorubicin (DOX; 3.5 mg. kg-1 , i.p) twice weekly for 3 weeks (21 mg. kg-1 cumulative dose). DCM rats were treated with RPL (1 mg. kg-1 orally, daily), IFX (5 mg. kg-1 ; i.p. once) or their combination for 4 weeks starting next day of last DOX dose. Echocardiography was conducted followed by a collection of blood and left ventricle (LV) for biochemical and histological investigations. DCM rats revealed deteriorated cardiac function (increased CK-MB activity, LVIDs, LVIDd, ESV, and EDV, while decreased EF% and FS%), hypertrophy (increased HW/TL, β-MHC, and α-actin), inflammation (increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). The activation of Wnt/β-catenin along with increased gene expression of RAS components (RENIN, ACE, and AT1) were evident. LV architecture also revealed abnormalities and some degree of fibrosis. Treatment with RPL and/or IFX suppressed TNF-α and consequently improved most of these parameters suppressing Wnt/β-catenin/RAS axis. Combined RPL and IFX treatment was the best among all treatments. In conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin/RAS axis is implicated in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The upstream TNF-α was proved for the first time in-vivo to stimulate this axis where its inhibition by RPL or IFX prevented DCM. Targeting this axis at two points using RPL and IFX showed better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Askar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Salama
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham A Idris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla N Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Al-Ghobashy MA, Abbas SS, Boltia SA. Stability assessment of Polatuzumab vedotin and Brentuximab vedotin using different analytical techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115249. [PMID: 36827859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are considered to be fast-growing innovative biopharmaceuticals. The science used for conjugating potent cytotoxic payload to the targeted monoclonal antibody through a chemical linker has played a great value in the area of oncology treatment. In this study; Polatuzumab vedotin (POLA) and Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) were subjected to various stress conditions enclosing different pH, thermal stress, agitation, and successive cycles of freeze and thaw in order to produce potential degradation by-products and guarantee the appropriateness of the applied testing protocol. Different analytical techniques were established and validated to be used in the quantitation of the degraded products from different perspectives. The formation of ADC aggregates and fragments was monitored using SE-HPLC as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS). The drug antibody ratio (DAR) and ADC conjugation profile were determined using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC-HPLC). In addition to performing a statistical interpretation of HIC-HPLC results by principal component analysis (PCA) to explicate the obtained data. Also, the quantity of the unconjugated toxic drug was quantified using RP-HPLC. Testing the binding activity of ADC to their target receptor ADC was conducted using ELISA. Results presented that used assay protocol had worked as a complementary design for characterization and stability assessment of the used ADC. Variances in the stability profile of both products were observed which could be attributed to the usage of different formulation buffers. This highlighted the importance of using multiple techniques for the assessment of the quality attributes of such sophisticated products. The analytical assay protocol should be used for the evaluation of the quality and stability of several ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medhat A Al-Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; Bioanalysis Research Group, School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Boltia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Younis NN, Mohamed HE, Shaheen MA, Abdelghafour AM, Hammad SK. Potential therapeutic efficacy of pachymic acid in chronic kidney disease induced in rats: role of Wnt/β-catenin/renin-angiotensin axis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:112-123. [PMID: 34549301 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem associated with high mortality. The therapeutic effects of pachymic in CKD management and its underlying mechanisms have not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible inhibitory effect of PA on renal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in CKD. METHODS CKD was induced in rats by doxorubicin (DOX; 3.5 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly for 3 weeks). Rats were treated orally with PA (10 mg/kg/day), LOS (10 mg/kg/day) or their combination (PA + LOS) for 4 weeks starting after the last dose of DOX. KEY FINDINGS DOX-induced renal injury was characterized by high serum cystatin-C, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio, renal content of podocin and klotho were decreased. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, Wnt1, active β-catenin/total β-catenin ratio and fibronectin along with mRNA expression of RENIN, ACE and AT1 were increased in renal tissues. Treatment with either PA or LOS ameliorated all DOX-induced changes. The combined treatment was more effective in improving all changes than monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a new therapeutic benefit of PA in ameliorating CKD in rats through its up-regulatory effect on renal klotho thereby preventing Wnt/β-catenin reactivation and RAS gene expression. PA/LOS combination provided an additional inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelghafour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Shaheen MA, Eissa RG, Younis NN. Alleviation of fructose-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats by pioglitazone and decaffeinated green coffee bean extract. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13715. [PMID: 33782984 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased fructose consumption is among bad nutritional habits that contribute to increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. We proposed that coffee, the most popular beverage worldwide, may protect against the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the protective potential of decaffeinated green coffee bean extract (GCBE) and the possible potentiation of pioglitazone (PIO) effects by decaffeinated GCBE in fructose-induced AD in rats. Twenty-four rats [12-untreated and 12-pre-treated (for 4 weeks) with GCBE] consumed drinking water supplemented with 10% fructose for 18 weeks. Twelve of these rats (6-GCBE-untreated and 6-GCBE-pre-treated) were treated orally with PIO starting on the 13th week for 6 weeks. Prophylactic administration of GCBE attenuated oxidative damage (increased cortical reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity), while decreased malondialdehyde. It retarded the activation of acetylcholine esterase, increased acetylcholine level in the cortex of fructose-induced AD. It also impeded the upregulation of beta-secretase-1and the accumulation of Aβ plaques that were induced by fructose drinking. With PIO therapy, GCBE showed better effects alleviating oxidative stress and Aβ extracellular plaques formation, while improving cholinergic activity, learning, and memory ability. In conclusions, the consumption of GCBE may protect against the development of AD and delay the progression of AD when given with PIO. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Decaffeinated dietary supplement of green coffee bean extract attenuated the deleterious consequences of fructose-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. It improved the antioxidant status and cortical cholinergic activity, while hindered the changes responsible for amyloid plaque formation. It also improved the impaired learning and memory. These results, if confirmed by clinical studies, may recommend the consumption of decaffeinated green coffee beans extract as dietary supplement or as a regular beverage to protect against AD in individuals with family history or early signs of AD. With pioglitazone, such dietary supplement improved pioglitazone efficacy and delayed the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rana G Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla N Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Younis NN, Mohamed HE, Shaheen MA, Abdelghafour AM, Hammad SK. Inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin/renin angiotensin axis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab, ameliorates CKD induced in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114426. [PMID: 33482150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases and chronic diseases associated with inflammation. TNF-α was reported to inhibit klotho, reactivate β-catenin and cause tubular cell injury in vitro. Whether the inhibition of TNF-α can regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway via klotho in CKD in vivo is not studied yet. We aimed to investigate the impact of IFX on Wnt/β-catenin pathway in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephropathy. Doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg; i.p., twice weekly for 3 weeks) increased serum cystatin-C, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), but depleted renal podocin. It markedly increased renal contents of TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β). DOX decreased the renal expression of klotho which in turn increased Wnt1, active β-catenin/total β-catenin ratio in renal tissue. Significant increase in renal gene expression of RENIN, ACE, and AT1 was observed. Moreover, renal fibronectin and collagen deposition increased in renal tissue. Treatment with either IFX (5 mg/kg, once; i.p.), losartan (LOS, 10 mg/kg/day, orally) or their combination significantly improved renal function, inhibited inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis. Renal TNF-α was negatively correlated with renal klotho. On the hand, it was positively correlated with renal Wnt1 and active β-catenin/total β-catenin ratio. The combined IFX and LOS treatment was the most effective in improving all studied parameters. In conclusion, this study proved, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of IFX on renal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in DOX-induced nephropathy in vivo by up-regulating renal klotho. Therefore, these results suggest a new role for IFX in chronic kidney disease via targeting renal Wnt/β-catenin/renin angiotensin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelghafour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Kotb NS, El Habab AM. Human platelet lysate efficiency, stability, and optimal heparin concentration required in culture of mammalian cells. Blood Res 2020; 55:35-43. [PMID: 32269973 PMCID: PMC7106120 DOI: 10.5045/br.2020.55.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used to support the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells for decades. Owing to several risk factors associated with FBS, several trials have been conducted to evaluate substitutes to FBS with the same efficiency and the lower risk issues. Methods In this study, human platelet lysate (HPL) derived from activated human platelets was evaluated as an alternative to FBS due to the associated risk factors. To evaluate the efficiency of the preparation process, platelet count was performed before and after activation. The concentrations of several growth factors and proteins were measured to investigate HPL efficiency. HPL stability was studied at regular intervals, and optimal heparin concentration required to prevent gel formation in various media was determined. The biological activity of HPL and FBS was compared by evaluating the growth performance of Vero and Hep-2 cell lines. Results Result of platelet count assay revealed the efficiency of HPL preparation process. Growth factor concentrations in HPL were significantly higher than those in FBS, while the protein content of HPL was lower than that of FBS. Stability study data showed that the prepared HPL was stable for up to 15 months at -20℃. Ideal heparin concentration to be used in different media was dependent on calcium concentration. Results of cell viability assay showed that HPL was superior to FBS in supporting the growth and proliferation of Vero and Hep-2 cells. Conclusion The HPL prepared by the mechanical activation of platelets may serve as an efficient alternative to FBS in cell culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Nahla S Kotb
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Giza, Egypt
| | - Akram M El Habab
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Giza, Egypt
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Elrashidy RA, Kavran M, Asker ME, Mohamed HE, Daneshgari F, Liu G. Smooth muscle-specific deletion of MnSOD exacerbates diabetes-induced bladder dysfunction in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F906-F912. [PMID: 31241994 PMCID: PMC6843036 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00221.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction in diabetes progresses gradually over time. However, the mechanisms of the development are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic bladder dysfunction using an inducible smooth muscle (SM)-specific superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) gene knockout (SM-Sod2 KO) mouse model. Eight-week-old male Sod2lox/lox, SM-CreERT2(ki)Cre/+ mice and wild-type mice were assigned to diabetic or control groups. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen was injected into Sod2lox/lox, SM-CreERT2(ki)Cre/+ mice to activate CreERT2-mediated deletion of Sod2. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin, whereas control mice were injected with vehicle. Nine weeks later, bladder function was evaluated, and bladders were harvested for immunoblot analysis. Wild-type diabetic mice presented compensated bladder function along with increased nitrotyrosine and MnSOD in detrusor muscle. Induction of diabetes in SM-Sod2 KO mice caused deteriorated bladder function and even greater increases in nitrotyrosine compared with wild-type diabetic mice. Expression levels of apoptosis regulator Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased, but apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 expression was decreased in detrusor muscle of both diabetic groups, with more pronounced effects in SM-Sod2 KO diabetic mice. Our findings demonstrate that exaggerated oxidative stress can accelerate the development of bladder dysfunction in diabetic mice and the enhanced activation of apoptotic pathways in the bladder may be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Kavran
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Elseweidy MM, Mohamed HE, Elrashidy RA, Atteia HH, Elnagar GM, Ali AEM. Potential therapeutic roles of 10-dehydrogingerdione and/or pentoxifylline against calcium deposition in aortic tissues of high dietary cholesterol-fed rabbits. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:131-142. [PMID: 30173373 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD) and pentoxifylline (PTX) either individually or in combined form on calcium deposition in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR), and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Three-months-old male New Zealand white rabbits received either normal chow or HCD for 12 weeks. The latter group was subdivided into five groups and concurrently treated either with vehicle (dyslipidemic control), ATOR, 10-DHGD, PTX or combined 10-DHGD and PTX. Blood samples and aortic tissue were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. HCD-fed rabbits displayed dyslipidemia, inflammation, atherosclerotic lesions, and calcium deposition in aortas as compared to normal group. This was associated with up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), wingless-type MMTV integration site family 3A (Wnt3a) mRNA levels and osteopontin expression in their aortic tissue, along with higher serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. Furthermore, a marked decrease in osteoprotegerin, along with a significant increase in receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK) levels, was found in aortic tissue of dyslipidemic rabbits. 10-DHGD and PTX monotherapy significantly modulated the afore-mentioned calcification markers and attenuated aortic calcification to greater extent than ATOR. Combination of 10-DHGD and PTX exerted more anti-calcifying effect than either individual drug. Our findings suggested therapeutic roles of 10-DHGD and PTX against aortic calcium deposition in dyslipidemic rabbits, likely mediated by HDL-raising effect and attenuation of associated inflammation. Combination of 10-DHGD and PTX may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for aortic calcification associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Monem Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Abo-ELmatty DM, Mesbah NM, Saleh SM, Ali AMA, Sakr AT. Raspberry ketone preserved cholinergic activity and antioxidant defense in obesity induced Alzheimer disease in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1166-1174. [PMID: 30257330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a proven risk factor for neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidences suggested that nutritional interventions provide potential for prevention and treatment of AD. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary treatment of obese rats with natural Raspberry ketone (RK) and their relationship with neurodegeneration. Obesity was first induced in 40 male Wistar rats (140-160 g) by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Obese rats were then assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 each). (O-AD) is obese induced AD group maintained on HFD for another 6 weeks. OCR is obese group received calorie restricted diet for 6 weeks. OCRRK is obese group received calorie restricted diet and RK (44 mg/kg body weight, daily, orally) for 6 weeks and OCRD is obese group received calorie restricted diet and orlistate (10 mg/kg body weight, daily orally) for 6 weeks. Another 10 normal rats received normal diet were used as normal control group (NC). Body weight, visceral white adipose tissue weight (WAT), lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, adiponectin, cholinergic activity and amyloid extracellular plaques were examined. In addition to histological changes in brain tissues were evaluated.Raspberry ketone (RK) via its antioxidant properties attenuated oxidative damage and dyslipidemia in O-AD group. It inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) and hence increased acetylcholine level (Ach) in brain tissues of O-AD rats. It is also impeded the upregulation of beta-secretase-1 (BACE-1) and the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques which crucially involved in AD. The combination of CR diet with RK was more effective than CR diet with orlistate (antiobese drug) in abrogating the neurodegenerative changes induced by obesity. Results from this study suggested that concomitant supplementation of RK with calorie restricted regimen effectively modulate the neurodegenerative changes induced by obesity and delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Zagazig University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo-ELmatty
- Suez Canal University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
| | - Noha M Mesbah
- Suez Canal University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
| | - Samy M Saleh
- Suez Canal University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Moniem A Ali
- Zagazig University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Egypt
| | - Amr T Sakr
- Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
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Elseweidy MM, Mohamed HE, Elrashidy RA, Atteia HH, Elnagar GM. Inhibition of Aortic Calcification by Policosanol in Dyslipidemic Rabbits Is Enhanced by Pentoxifylline. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:551-560. [PMID: 29742924 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418775377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Policosanol (POL) is a hypocholesterolemic drug of natural origin and has been shown to reduce circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in healthy participants. Recently, we have reported that POL can attenuate aortic calcification in diabetic dyslipidemic rats; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the effect of POL on aortic calcification and whether PCSK9 has a contributory role and also to examine whether the combination of POL with pentoxifylline (PTX) as anti–tumor necrosis factor α would offer additional benefits. Thirty adult male New Zealand rabbits weighing 1.5 to 2 kg were randomly assigned to 5 groups. One group received standard chow diet and served as normal control group (NC). The other 4 groups received 0.5% wt/wt cholesterol-rich diet for 12 weeks and concurrently treated with placebo, POL, PTX, or a combination of POL and PTX. Sera samples and aortic tissue were collected for biochemical measurements and histological assessment. Rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet demonstrated dyslipidemia, increased inflammatory state, and elevated serum levels of PCSK9, compared to the NC group. Aortic calcification was evident in dyslipidemic rabbits, represented by increased calcium deposition and osteopontin expression in aortic tissue, along with elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Dyslipidemic rabbits showed a significant upregulation of wingless-type MMTV integration site family 3A and bone morphogenetic protein 2 genes in their aortic tissue. Policosanol significantly reduced circulating PCSK9 levels, suppressed calcification markers, and attenuated aortic calcification. Combination of POL with PTX alleviated aortic calcification to a greater extent than either monotherapy, which may be attributed to further suppression of PCSK9 and calcification markers. These findings suggested that POL exerted anticalcifying effect partly via inhibition of PCSK9. Combination of POL and PTX offered additional benefits and might represent a promising therapeutic option for aortic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Elseweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda E. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah H. Atteia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad M. Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Eissa RG. Modulation of brain insulin signaling in Alzheimer’s disease: New insight on the protective role of green coffee bean extract. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:27-36. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1468535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla N. Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rana G. Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, Mohamed AA, Al-Ghobashy MA, Fathalla FA, Abbas SS. Stability assessment of antibody-drug conjugate Trastuzumab emtansine in comparison to parent monoclonal antibody using orthogonal testing protocol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Babiker EE, Al Juhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Mohamed HE, Abdoun KA. Effect of partial replacement of alfalfa hay with Moringa species leaves on milk yield and composition of Najdi ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1427-33. [PMID: 27461475 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate changes in milk yield and composition of Najdi ewes fed 25 % Moringa oleifera (MOD) or Moringa peregrina (MPD) leaf diets as a supplement to alfalfa hay diet (AHD). Thirty ewes (average 55 kg, 2 years old) were randomly sorted into three experimental groups with 10 animals each and were fed for a 6-week period with these diets (AHD, MOD, or MPD). Diets dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber were comparable, while fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), metabolizable energy (ME), total phenolic, and antioxidant activity varied (p ≤ 0.05) between the diets. Feeding ewes with MOD increased (p ≤ 0.05) the milk yield compared to those fed AHD while milk composition was similar (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ewes' milk and serum was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for MOD, while the total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and vitamin C contents were increased (p ≤ 0.05). The serum cholesterol and glucose of the ewes were lower (p ≤ 0.05) for those fed MOD. Moringa diets increased (p ≤ 0.05) average daily weight gain of lambs compared to those fed alfalfa diets. The results obtained showed that the inclusion of Moringa, especially M. oleifera, in the diet of Najdi ewes can improve milk yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfadıl E Babiker
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - H E Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AlBaha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mohamed HE, Elswefy SE, Rashed LA, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Ghanim AMH. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells effectively regenerate fibrotic liver in bile duct ligation rat model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:581-91. [PMID: 26811102 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215627219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted lots of attention for the treatment of acute liver failure and end-stage liver diseases. This study aimed at investigating the fundamental mechanism by which bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) induce liver regeneration of fibrotic liver in rats. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery and four weeks later they were treated with either BM-MSCs (3 × 10(6) cells /rat, once, tail vein injection) or silymarin (100 mg/kg, daily, orally) for four weeks. Liver function tests and hepatic oxidative stress were determined. Hepatic injury and fibrosis were assessed by H and E, Sirus red staining and immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the gene expression of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in liver tissue were determined. BDL induced cholestatic liver injury characterized by elevated ALT and AST activities, bilirubin and decreased albumin. The architecture damage was staged as Metavir score: F3, A3. Fibrosis increased around proliferating bile duct as indicated by sirus red staining and α-SMA immunostaining. Fibrogenesis was favored over fibrolysis and confirmed by decreased HGF with increased expression of CK-19, but decreased MMP-2 expression. BM-MSCs treatment restored deteriorated liver functions and restored the histological changes, resolved fibrosis by improving liver regenerative capabilities (P < 0.001), increases in HGF and MMP-2 mRNA and downregulating CK-19 mRNA. Sliymarin, however, induced similar but less prominent effects compared to BM-MSCs. In conclusion, liver regenerative capabilities can be stimulated by BM-MSCs via augmentation of HGF that subsequently up-regulate MMP-2 mRNA while downregulating CK-19 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sahar E Elswefy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nahla N Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amal M H Ghanim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Liu G, Elrashidy RA, Xiao N, Kavran M, Huang Y, Tao M, Powell CT, Kim E, Sadeghi G, Mohamed HE, Daneshgari F. Bladder function in mice with inducible smooth muscle-specific deletion of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C169-78. [PMID: 25948732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00046.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is considered a critical component of the antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative damage. We are interested in the role of oxidative stress in bladder detrusor smooth muscle (SM) in different disease states. In this study, we generated an inducible, SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mouse model to investigate the effects of MnSOD depletion on the function of the bladder. We crossbred floxed Sod2 (Sod2(lox/lox)) mice with mice containing heterozygous knock-in of a gene encoding a tamoxifen-activated Cre recombinase in the SM22α promoter locus [SM-CreER(T2)(ki)(Cre/+)]. We obtained Sod2(lox/lox),SM-CreER(T2)(ki)(Cre/+) mice and injected 8-wk-old males with 4-hydroxytamoxifen to induce Cre-mediated excision of the floxed Sod2 allele. Twelve weeks later, SM-specific deletion of Sod2 and depletion of MnSOD were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mice exhibited normal growth with no gross abnormalities. A significant increase in nitrotyrosine concentration was found in bladder SM tissue of SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mice compared with both wild-type mice and Sod2(+/+), SM-CreER(T2)(ki)(Cre/+) mice treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Assessment of 24-h micturition in SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mice revealed significantly higher voiding frequency compared with both wild-type and SM-specific Cre controls. Conscious cystometry revealed significantly shorter intercontraction intervals and lower functional bladder capacity in SM-specific Sod2(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. This novel model can be used for exploring the mechanistic role of oxidative stress in organs rich in SM in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Liu
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Michael Kavran
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yexiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - C Thomas Powell
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edward Kim
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ghazal Sadeghi
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio;
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Mohamed HE, El-Swefy SE, Hasan RA, Hasan AA. Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused rats through regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic events. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:88. [PMID: 25191525 PMCID: PMC4153889 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and cerebral ischemic-reperfusion are among the most common causes of neurological complications in Egypt. The prevalence of diabetes in Egypt is high and it can be considered as a major clinical and public health problem. METHODS Blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress makers (cerebral MDA & GSH), cerebral interleukin-4 (IL-4) level and cerebral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression were measured in male albino rats weighing 200 ± 20 g. The rats were divided into five groups, normal control group, diabetic group (diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin [STZ]), diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused group, two treated groups (diabetic and diabetic ischemic-reperfused), both groups treated with resveratrol. Histological study was done using H&E, AgNOR and cresyl violet stains. Immunohistochemistry for Bax and COX-2 was done with morphometric study. RESULTS Diabetic and diabetic cerebral ischemic- reperfused rats showed significant increase in serum glucose level, serum TAG, serum LDL-C, atherogenic index, cerebral MDA and upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. These groups showed significant decrease in serum HDL, cerebral IL-4 and depletion of cerebral GSH when compared to normal control rats. Treating these groups with resveratrol resulted in significant decrease in serum glucose level, serum TAG, TC, serum LDL-C, atherogenic index, cerebral MDA and downregulation of COX-2 gene expression. The results of COX-2 gene expression were confirmed by COX-2 immunohistochemistry. Also, significant increase in serum HDL, cerebral IL-4 and cerebral GSH contents could be observed in these treated groups as compared to normal control group. Cerebral apoptotic index and optical density of Bax reaction revealed significant increase in diabetic and diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused rats while treatment of these groups with resveratrol resulted in significant decrease in cerebral apoptotic index and optical density of Bax reaction. These apoptotic results were confirmed with AgNOR and cresyl violet stains. CONCLUSION The results of this research suggest that upregulation of cerebral COX-2 gene along with the decrease in cerebral IL-4 and enhanced cerebral apoptosis is critically involved in cerebral damage associated with diabetes and cerebral ischemic-reperfusion. Resveratrol can ameliorate these effects and has promising neuroprotective effect in diabetic-induced cerebral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar E El-Swefy
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hasan
- />Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hasan
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Elrashidy RA, Asker ME, Mohamed HE. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone against cardiovascular injury are enhanced by combination with aliskiren in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:862-71. [PMID: 22571265 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aliskiren is the first in a new class of orally active direct renin inhibitors, approved for the treatment of hypertension. However, the efficacy of aliskiren in diabetic cardiovascular complications remains to be defined. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that aliskiren may enhance the beneficial effects of pioglitazone against cardiovascular injury associated with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetic nephropathy was induced in rats by unilateral nephrectomy followed by streptozotocin injection. Diabetic nephropathic rats were orally given vehicle, pioglitazone, aliskiren, or combined pioglitazone and aliskiren for four weeks to compare their effects on cardiovascular injury, particularly myocardial fibrosis. KEY FINDINGS Pioglitazone treatment significantly attenuated cardiac lipid peroxidation, oxidative injury and myocardial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathic rats. This was associated with up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes, along with down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 gene in cardiac tissue. The combination of aliskiren with pioglitazone exerted greater beneficial effect than monotherapy with either drug, on all the aforementioned parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that aliskiren enhanced the protective effects of pioglitazone against myocardial fibrosis, in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Thus, the combination of aliskiren and pioglitazone may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular injury associated with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Zagazig, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda E. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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El-Seweidy MM, Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Atteia HH. Nicotine and vascular endothelial dysfunction in female ovariectomized rats: role of estrogen replacement therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:108-19. [PMID: 22150678 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) against oxidative injury and endothelial dysfunction in the aortic tissues induced with nicotine in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated. METHODS Female rats were divided into a sham-operated group (n = 8) and four groups in which OVX rats received either vehicle (0.1 ml sesame oil, i.m., n = 8), or nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., n = 8), or estradiol benzoate (0.1 mg/kg, i.m., n = 8), or both nicotine and estradiol benzoate (n = 8) starting at week 5 after the surgery and continuing for the following 6 weeks. KEY FINDINGS ERT was effective in preventing the rise in plasma lipid profile, atherogenic index and the level of induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) in nicotine-treated OVX rats. It also reduced aortic malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline levels, calcium content and caspase-3 expression induced in nicotine-treated OVX rats. ERT increased serum estradiol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nitric oxide levels in nicotine-treated OVX rats. Furthermore, ERT was effective in restoring reduced glutathione and cyclic guanosine monophosphate contents and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in aortic tissues of nicotine-treated OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS Short-term ERT could be a promising therapeutic strategy to minimize nicotine-induced oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction in menopausal women subjected to environmental smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M El-Seweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, El-Swefy SE, Mohamed RH, Ghanim AMH. Effect of erythropoietin therapy on the progression of cisplatin induced renal injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 65:197-203. [PMID: 21920723 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents useful in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors; however, it has several side effects such as nephrotoxicity. In the present study, the effect of rhEPO on acute kidney injury induced by i.p. injection of rats with 9.0 mg/kg cisplatin was studied. It was observed that EPO treated group showed a significantly lower rate in the extent and severity of the histological signs of kidney injury than untreated one. This is attributed to (i) a decrease in the elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, (ii) reduction of the expression of VEGF, HO-1 and iNOS as well as (iii) improvement of Bcl2 immunoreaction in most tubular cells. Thus, EPO may be one of the futures therapeutic possibilities to overcome the side effects of anti-cancer drugs induced acute renal injury through various mechanisms including down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions in addition to stimulation of tubular cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Mohamed HE, El-Swefy SE, Rashed LA, Abd El-Latif SK. Obesity and neurodegeneration: effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutr Neurosci 2010; 13:205-212. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Alhaidary A, Mohamed HE, Beynen AC. Inter-related effects of dietary fat and protein level on growth performance in rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:223-7. [PMID: 20796078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoenergetic substitution of dietary corn oil for dietary carbohydrates enhances growth in rabbits. It was hypothesized that identical amounts of metabolizable energy in the form of corn oil are more effective than those of carbohydrates in reducing protein catabolism and thus sparing it for growth, which would imply that the fat effect is greater on a marginal than normal protein diet. Young growing rabbits were fed semi-purified diets either relatively high (21.6 energy % protein) or low in casein (13.0 energy % protein) to which extra corn oil (21.1 instead of 5.3 energy %) was added at the expense of an isoenergetic amount of corn starch and dextrose. The addition of corn oil to the diet with 21.6 energy % protein indeed increased weight gain, but the addition to the diet with 13.0 energy % protein left weight gain unchanged. These results refute our hypothesis, because the low-protein intake was not limiting growth. The enrichment of the high-protein diet with extra corn oil did not affect nitrogen retention, whereas urinary nitrogen excretion was increased. These observations also are at variance with the idea that additional fat would spare nitrogen for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhaidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Mohamed HE, El-Swefy SE, Rashed LA, Abd El-Latif SK. Biochemical effect of a ketogenic diet on the brains of obese adult rats. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:899-904. [PMID: 20395146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excess weight, particularly abdominal obesity, can cause or exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Obesity is also a proven risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) in weight reduction and in modifying the disease activity of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Therefore, in this study we examined the metabolic and neurodegenerative changes associated with obesity and the possible neuroprotective effects of a KD in obese adult rats. Compared with obese rats fed a control diet, obese rats fed a KD showed significant weight loss, improvement in lipid profiles and insulin resistance, and upregulation of adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue. In addition, the KD triggered significant downregulation of brain amyloid protein precursor, apolipoprotein E and caspase-3 mRNA expression, and improvement of brain oxidative stress responses. These findings suggest that a KD has anti-obesity and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
The present study in Sudanese camels was done to describe the associations between vitamin C concentrations in milk, and either breed, stage of lactation, parity or the presence of mastitis. A total of 2586 camels were sampled. Arabi camels had higher ascorbic acid levels in milk than did either Anafi or Bishari camels. Milk ascorbic acid levels were higher for camels more than 180 days in lactation than for those earlier in lactation. Multiparous vs. primiparous camels had higher ascorbic acid concentrations in their milk. The ascorbic acid content of colostrum was higher than that of milk. Mastitis was associated with a decrease in the ascorbic acid content of both milk and blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
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Mohamed HE, Sousou IA, Asker ME, Abd-Elfattah TM. Assessment of anthracyclin-related hyperlipidemia taurine or PDE4 inhibitor during endotoxemia. Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2006; 23. [DOI: 10.4314/ejbmb.v23i1.35912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mohamed HE, Asker ME, Ali SI, el-Fattah TMA. Protection against doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in rats: role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors type 4. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56:757-68. [PMID: 15231041 DOI: 10.1211/0022357023565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) remains a significant and dose-limiting clinical problem. The mechanisms implicated are not yet fully defined but may involve the production of reactive oxygen species or expression of cytokines. Although patients with advanced congestive heart failure express elevated circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), little is known about the prognostic importance and regulation of TNF in the heart in cardiac disease states. Here we tested whether the expression of TNFalpha, along with oxidative stress, is associated with the development of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DOX-CM) and whether concurrent treatment with taurine (Taur), an antioxidant, or rolipram (Rolp), a TNFalpha inhibitor, offer a certain protection against DOX cardiotoxic properties. DOX (cumulative dose, 12 mg kg(-1)) was administered to rats in six equal (intraperitoneal) injections over a period of 6 weeks. Cardiomyopathy was evident by myocardial cell damage, which was characterized by a dense indented nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin condensation and distorted mitochondria, as well as significant increase in serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. DOX also induced an increment (P<0.001) in serum TNF and plasma nitric oxide levels. The extent of left ventricular (LV) superoxide anion, lipid peroxide measured as malondialdehyde, catalase and calcium content were markedly elevated, whereas superoxide dismutase, total and non-protein-bound thiol were dramatically decreased in DOX-treated rats. Exaggeration of DOX-CM was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg kg(-1)) 18 h before sampling and evaluated by highly significant increase in heart enzymes (P<0.001), oxidative stress biomarkers and TNFalpha production. Pre- and co-treatment of DOX or DOX-LPS rats with Taur (1% daily supplemented in drinking water, 10 days before and concurrent with DOX) or Rolp (3 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneally, one dose before DOX administration then every 2 weeks throughout the experimental period) ameliorated the deleterious effect of both DOX and LPS on the aforementioned parameters. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that Rolp exhibited a more preferable effect on serum TNFalpha level. Taur and rolipram also restored the myocardial apoptosis induced by DOX. In conclusion, a cumulative dose of DOX affected free radical and TNFalpha production in the heart of an experimental cardiomyopathy animal model. The current results suggest that down-regulation of these radicals and cytokines could be maintained by using the free radical scavenger Taur or, more favourably, the TNFalpha inhibitor Rolp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the variations in the content of zinc and copper in the plasma of Sudanese camels (Camelus dromedarius). A total of 993 Arabi camels, aged 0.5-8 years, were used to assess the effect of season, age, sex and physiological status on the plasma concentrations of copper and zinc. There was an increase in the concentration of Cu and a decrease in the concentration of Zn in the plasma with age. The concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the plasma were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The plasma copper concentrations in pregnant, low-lactating and high-lactating camels were 81.3 +/- 4.7, 59.7 +/- 6.1 and 61.3 +/- 5.5 microg/100 ml, respectively. The corresponding values for zinc were 51.0 +/- 8.9, 53.4 +/- 6.4 and 67.1 +/- 5.5 microg/100 ml, respectively. However, there was no effect of sex on the content of these minerals in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
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Mohamed HE, Beynen AC. Ascorbic acid content of blood plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and liver in camels (Camelus dromedarius) without or with parasite infections. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2002; 72:369-71. [PMID: 12596501 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.72.6.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthy camels (Camelus dromedaris) and those naturally infected with trypanosomiasis, sarcoptic mange, and helminthiasis were compared as to ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contents of red blood cells, white blood cells, whole blood, plasma, and liver. The camels were kept under natural grazing conditions in Sudan. Reduced levels of vitamin C were found in camels with parasite infections, especially in animals with trypanosomiasis. It is suggested that the low vitamin C status in infected camels is caused by increased utilization and/or decreased synthesis of vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shambat, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
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31
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Abstract
There is suggestive evidence that a low status of ascorbic acid in ruminants is related with decreased disease resistance. In a first attempt to identify conditions in camels that could affect their health, an inventory was made of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) concentrations in plasma and tissues as related to breed, gender, sexual activity and season. A total of 3429 camels were studied and sub-samples were used for selected comparisons. The highest concentrations of ascorbic acid were found in adrenals (152 mg/100 g wet tissue) and the lowest in heart (8 mg/100 g), the levels being unrelated with season. Arabi camels had higher plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid (6.42 microg/ml) than did Anafi and Bishari camels, the latter breed showing the lowest concentrations (3.24 microg/ml). Female camels of the Anafi breed had higher concentrations urinary ascorbic acid than did their male counterparts. It is suggested that in camels the main elimination route of vitamin C is with urine. Female and male Arabi camels that were sexually active had 52 and 23% lower plasma ascorbic acid concentrations than did their sexually inactive counterparts. It is suggested that especially Bishari camels during the breeding season might be sensitive to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan, The Netherlands
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el-Swefy SE, Ali SI, Asker ME, Mohamed HE. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and cardiovascular risk in female ovariectomized rats: role of folic acid and hormone replacement therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:391-7. [PMID: 11902805 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for arteriosclerosis, recurrent thromboembolic complications and osteoporosis. After menopause, a high level of total homocysteine seems to be secondary to the altered hormonal status. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) limits the development of coronary artery disease through a variety of mechanisms. One such mechanism is through affecting homocysteine metabolism. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies are considered to be major risks for hyperhomocysteinaemia. This study, therefore, was undertaken to examine whether lowering homocysteine with HRT or folic acid in ovariectomized rats could attenuate cardiovascular complications. Sixty sexually mature female Wistar rats were ovariectomized. Three weeks later, they were treated with estradiol (15 microg kg(-1), every two weeks, i.m.) or folic acid (90 microg daily, orally), either alone or in a combined form for four weeks. In addition, groups of ovariectomized rats (positive control) and healthy rats (negative control) were given cottonseed oil. Blood samples were then collected for serum and plasma separation. Serum total homocysteine, folate, estradiol, plasma nitric oxide (NO), lipid profile, and susceptibility of non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non HDLC) content to oxidation were determined. In ovariectomized rats, hyperhomocysteinaemia was established and associated with significant increments of both atherogenic indexes (total cholesterol/HDLC, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)/HDLC) and susceptibility of their non HDLC to oxidation. However, plasma NO, serum folate, and estradiol levels significantly decreased. HRT and folic acid significantly reduced total homocysteine and susceptibility of non HDLC to oxidation and increased plasma NO content. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between total homocysteine versus folate and estradiol (r = -0.5, P < 0.01; r = -0.25, P < 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, a positive correlation with the susceptibility of lipoprotein to oxidation was observed (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). In conclusion, a low folate level is found to be associated with elevated total homocysteine. Folic acid supplementation, either individually or in a combined form with HRT, has a beneficial effect in low estrogen status subsequent to ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar E el-Swefy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) is a potent antitumor antibiotic drug known to cause severe cardiac toxicity. Although ADR generates free radicals, the role of these radicals in the development of cardiac toxicity is still not well understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation or depletion on ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Cardiac toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of ADR (20 mg kg(-1)) and manifested by an increase in heart rate, blood pressure elevation, and increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The extent of lipoprotein oxidation, lipid peroxide measured as malondialdhye (MDA), total homocysteine (tHcy), lipid profile, and atherogenic index were markedly elevated, whereas cardiac GSH content was dramatically decreased in ADR rats. Pre- and co-treatment of ADR rats with GSH (5 mm kg(-1)) (ADR +GSH) markedly reduced the levels of CK, LDH, lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility, cardiac MDA, tHcy and atherogenic index, and elevated GSH levels in cardiac tissues. In contrast, GSH depletion through administration of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) (15 mm kg(-1)) before and after ADR injection (ADR +BSO) greatly exacerbated ADR cardiotoxicity compared to the control and ADR groups. Finally, there were also severe cardiac histopathological changes in ADR and ADR +BSO groups, which were nearly restored by GSH treatment. These results suggest that GSH inhibits ADR cardiotoxicity and might serve as a novel combination with ADR to limit free radical-mediated organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibits insulin release and may be cytotoxic to pancreatic islets. Increased free radical activity may be implicated in the cytotoxic action of IFN-alpha and development of diabetes mellitus. Therefore we measured markers of free radical activity (lipid peroxides and the non-peroxide-conjugated diene isomer of linoleic acid [PL-9,11-LA']) along with some pancreatic variables in male albino rats treated with IFN-alpha, as well as the possible protective effect of two antioxidants, vitamin C and mannitol. Compared to untreated rats, it was shown that IFN-alpha induced an increase in plasma glucose. Pancreatic and serum insulin, as well as serum C-peptide, were increased after 1 week, then their levels were reduced after 2 weeks. Plasma lipids peroxides and (PL-9,11-LA') were markedly elevated, while linoleic acid was reduced. These changes in the studied parameters were attributed, in part, to the superoxide and free radical generation during IFN-alpha treatment. Plasma glucagon was increased after 2 weeks. Administration of vitamin C along with IFN-alpha succeeded in modulating most of the altered parameters affected during IFN-alpha. The hyperglycaemic effect of IFN-alpha was greatly ameliorated and the negative effect on pancreatic and serum insulin and serum C-peptide were nearly abolished. The elevated levels of lipid peroxide and (PL-9,11-LA') and the reduction in linoleic acid being normalised. The only persistent effect was the increase in plasma glucagon. Concurrent administration of mannitol with IFN-alpha caused no changes in the parameters studied compared to that induced by treatment with IFN-alpha alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H al-Zuhair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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