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Bah HAF, Dos Anjos ALS, Gomes-Júnior EA, Bandeira MJ, de Carvalho CF, Dos Santos NR, Martinez VO, Adorno EV, Menezes-Filho JA. Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase, Low Blood Lead Levels, Social Factors, and Intellectual Function in an Afro-Brazilian Children Community. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:447-457. [PMID: 33723800 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme catalyzes the second phase of the heme biosynthesis and is involved in lead toxicokinetics. This research aimed to evaluate its influence on the relationship between blood lead (PbB) levels and intellectual performance in Afro-Brazilian children. PbB, hemoglobin concentration, ALAD activity, and polymorphism were determined in whole blood. Anthropometric, socioeconomic, and family environment stimuli data were collected with appropriate instruments. The non-verbal intelligence of children and their mothers or guardians was assessed using the correspondent Raven's Progressive Matrix versions. The medians (range) of PbB levels and ALAD activity were 1.0 μg/dL (0.1-21.3) and, 71 U/L (31-113), respectively. ALAD G177C was distributed as follows: 97.9% for ALAD1/1 and 2.1% for ALAD1/2 genotypes. The mean of Raven raw score was 19.3 (± 5.6) points and there were no differences according to sex or environmental Pb exposure. No statistically significant association was observed between PbB level and children's IQ. However, ALAD activity presented an inverse significant association with PbB levels, children's percentile IQ, and children's IQ/Age ratio, suggesting a neuroprotective role of ALAD1 genotype in those with low PbB level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homegnon A F Bah
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Erival A Gomes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Chrissie F de Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor O Martinez
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elisângela V Adorno
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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de J Bandeira M, Dos Santos NR, Cardoso MS, Hlavinicka N, Anjos ALS, Wândega EL, Bah HAF, de Oliva ST, Rocha AR, Souza-Júnior JA, Menezes-Filho JA. Assessment of potters' occupational exposure to lead and associated risk factors in Maragogipinho, Brazil: preliminary results. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1061-1071. [PMID: 33606099 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lead (Pb) is used as a flux in the glazing process of pottery utensils in several regions of the world. It can affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems; in addition, it is classified as a probable human carcinogen. This work aims to evaluate Pb exposure of potters and describe the main determinants of elevated blood Pb (PbB) levels in this group of workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with potters of Maragogipinho Village, Bahia, Brazil, of both sexes, aged 16-72 years (n = 85). Non-exposed workers of the same age range residing in the urban area of Aratuípe town were also recruited (n = 50). We evaluated Pb dust deposition rates (PbDrt) in pottery workshops and PbB levels. All Pb measurements were performed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. RESULTS The median of PbB (min-max) and geometric mean (SD) PbDrt for the exposed group were 7.9 (0.9-49.8) µg/dL and 1463 (± 290,000) μg/m2/30 days, respectively. For the control group, levels were 1.5 (0.1-19.8) μg/dL and 82 (46) μg/m2 30 days, respectively. CONCLUSION The data found showed an excessive exposure among artisans, exceeding occupationally safe levels and those reported in the literature. It is important to implement occupational hygiene measures and improvements of the working conditions of these labors, especially the replacement of lead oxide in the pottery-glazing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de J Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hlavinicka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Wândega
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Homegnon A F Bah
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T de Oliva
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andrea R Rocha
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Souza-Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Bah HAF, Bandeira MJ, Gomes-Junior EA, Anjos ALS, Rodrigues YJM, Dos Santos NR, Martinez VO, Rocha RBMA, Costa RG, Adorno EV, Menezes-Filho JA. Environmental exposure to lead and hematological parameters in Afro-Brazilian children living near artisanal glazed pottery workshops. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:964-974. [PMID: 32400283 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1761738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to environmental lead (Pb) of children from a traditional community of African descent in Brazil and the effects on hematological parameters. Children (n = 75) aged 5.5-13 years from the exposed areas classified as low (LEx) and moderately (MEx) exposed were compared with children (n = 75) of a control group (CG). Dust Pb loading rates (RtPbs) at children's homes were measured. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to assess Pb biomarkers of exposure and effects. All Pb determinations were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The median (IQR) of RtPb, PbB level, and ALA-D activity were 65 (25-137) μgPb/m2/30 days, 1.0 (0.1-2.8) μg/dL, and 71 (55-86) U/L, respectively. Spearman correlation evidenced the relationship of PbB with RtPb (rho = 0.368, P < 0.001) and ALA-D activity (rho = -0.587; P ˂ 0.001). After adjusting for exposure degree and child's age, a decline of 7.4 U/L in ALA-D activity was associated with a 10-fold increase in PbB. The prevalence ratio of elevated PbB (>5 μg/dL) in LEx and MEx areas were 1.5 and 3.7, respectively. Indoor dust exposure, living near pottery workshops and the secondary exposure were the main determinants of elevated PbB levels, which were associated with hematological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homegnon A F Bah
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Erival A Gomes-Junior
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ynayara J M Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Victor O Martinez
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rômula B M A Rocha
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G Costa
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elisângela V Adorno
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Menezes-Filho JA, Carvalho CF, Rodrigues JLG, Araújo CFS, Dos Santos NR, Lima CS, Bandeira MJ, Marques BLDS, Anjos ALS, Bah HAF, Abreu N, Philibert A, Mergler D. Environmental Co-Exposure to Lead and Manganese and Intellectual Deficit in School-Aged Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2418. [PMID: 30384464 PMCID: PMC6266231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that, for urban children, dust represents the main exposure to sources of metals like lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). We aimed to investigate the exposure to these metals and their association with intellectual deficit in children living in an industrial region. This cross-sectional study recruited volunteers from four elementary schools in the town of Simões Filho, Brazil. We evaluated 225 school-aged children (7⁻12 years) for blood lead (PbB) and manganese hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Child and maternal IQs were estimated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale for Intelligence (WASI). Median and range PbB were 1.2 (0.3⁻15.6) μg/dL. MnH and MnTn medians (ranges) were 0.74 (0.16⁻8.79) μg/g and 0.85 (0.15⁻13.30) μg/g, respectively. After adjusting for maternal IQ, age and Mn exposure, child IQ drops by 8.6 points for a 10-fold increase in PbB levels. Moreover, an effect modification of Mn co-exposure was observed. In children with low MnTn, association between Pb and child IQ was not significant (β = -6.780, p = 0.172). However, in those with high MnTn, the association was increased by 27.9% (β = -8.70, p = 0.036). Low Pb exposure is associated with intellectual deficit in children, especially in those with high MnTn.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Chrissie F Carvalho
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Cecília F S Araújo
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Cássio S Lima
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Breno L de S Marques
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Homegnon A F Bah
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Neander Abreu
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Alline Philibert
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec a Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec a Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Costa RG, Bah HAF, Bandeira MJ, Oliveira SSP, Menezes-Filho JA. Lead and cadmium in mangrove root crab (Goniopsis cruentata), in natura and at food processing stages. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2017; 10:216-221. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1322638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata G. Costa
- Graduate Programme in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Homegnon A. F. Bah
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Matheus J. Bandeira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sérgio S. P. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José A. Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Programme in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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