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Hoang AQ, Tue NM, Goto A, Karyu R, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Matsukami H, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Kunisue T. Bioaccessibility of halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters in settled dust: Influences of specific dust matrices from informal e-waste and end-of-life vehicle processing areas in Vietnam. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172045. [PMID: 38554968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphorus esters (OPEs) is necessarily investigated to provide more accurate risk assessment and information about absorption behavior of these pollutants. In this study, total and bioaccessible concentrations of HFRs (including legacy and alternative substances) and OPEs were determined in settled dust samples collected from Vietnamese e-waste and end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing areas. Concentrations of both HFRs and OPEs were significantly higher in the e-waste dust than ELV dust. Bioavailability of HFRs and OPEs in dust was determined by using an in vitro assay with human-simulated digestive fluids, dialysis membrane, and Tenax® TA sorptive sink. Bioaccessibility of HFRs was markedly lower than that of OPEs, which could be largely due to higher hydrophobicity of HFRs compared to OPEs. Bioaccessibility of almost hydrophobic compounds were markedly lower in the e-waste dust (containing micronized plastic debris) than in the ELV dust (containing oily materials), suggesting the influence of specific dust matrices on pollutant bioaccessibility. Although the daily uptake doses of selected HFRs and OPEs from dust were markedly higher in the e-waste sites compared to the ELV sites, the direct exposure risk was not significant. Our results suggest that bioaccessibility can partly explain the differences between dust and uptake profiles, which may relate to accumulation profiles of HFRs and OPEs in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Akitoshi Goto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ryogo Karyu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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Moorchilot VS, P A, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Human exposure to methyl and butyl parabens and their transformation products in settled dust collected from urban, semi-urban, rural, and tribal settlements in a tropical environment. Environ Res 2024; 242:117805. [PMID: 38042518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study involved monitoring the distribution of two widely consumed parabens (methyl paraben (MeP) and butyl paraben (BuP)) and their transformation products in indoor dust from different categories of settlement (urban, semi-urban, rural, and tribal homes). The results revealed a prevalent occurrence of parabens in all the settlement categories. A non-normal distribution pattern for MeP and BuP levels across the sampling sites was noted. While comparing the residence time of parabens in dust samples, it was found that the half-lives of the analytes were greater in the dust from urban (MeP t1/2: 47.510 h; BuP t1/2: 22.354 h) and rural (MeP t1/2: 27.725 h and BuP t1/2: 31.500 h) areas. The presence of paraben metabolites, such as hydroxy methylparaben (OH-MeP), para hydroxy benzoic acid (p-HBA), and benzoic acid (BA) in dust samples supports their transformation within indoor spaces. The average daily intake of parabens through dust ingestion and dermal absorption by children was higher than adults. BuP was the prime contributor (>85%) to the total estradiol equivalency quotient (tEEQ) in all the settlement categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu S Moorchilot
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Arun P
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
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Castel R, Bertoldo R, Lebarillier S, Noack Y, Orsière T, Malleret L. Toward an interdisciplinary approach to assess the adverse health effects of dust-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s on preschool children. Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122372. [PMID: 37598934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Settled dust can function as a pollutant sink for compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s (MMs), which may lead to health issues. Thus, dust represents a hazard specifically for young children, because of their vulnerability and hand-to-mouth behavior favoring dust ingestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of the season and the microenvironment on the concentrations of 15 PAHs and 17 MMs in indoor and outdoor settled dust in three preschools (suburban, urban, and industrial). Second, the potential sources and health risks among children associated with dust PAHs and MMs were assessed. Third, domestic factors (risk perception, knowledge and parental style) were described to explore protective parental behaviors toward dust hazards. The suburban preschool had the lowest concentrations of dust PAHs and MMs, while the industrial and urban preschools had higher but similar concentrations. Seasonal tendencies were not clearly observed. Indoor dusts reflected the outdoor environment, even if specific indoor sources were noted. Source analysis indicated mainly vehicular emissions, material release, and pyrogenic or industrial sources. The non-cancer health risks were non-existent, but potential cancer health risks (between 1.10-6 and 1.10-4) occurred at all sampling locations. Notably, the highest cancer risk was observed in a playground area (>1.10-4) and material release should be further addressed. Whereas we assessed higher risk indoors, parents perceived a higher risk in the open-air environment and at the preschool than at home. They also perceived a lower risk for their own children, revealing an optimism bias, which reduces parental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Castel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Marseille, France
| | - Raquel Bertoldo
- Aix Marseille Univ, LPS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Stéphanie Lebarillier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Yves Noack
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thierry Orsière
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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Hoang AQ, Trinh HT, Nguyen HMN, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen TX, Duc TV, Nguyen TT, Do TQ, Minh TB, Tran TM. Assessment of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (CVMSs) in indoor dust from different micro-environments in northern and central Vietnam. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:1711-1722. [PMID: 35622306 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies on emerging contaminants like volatile methyl siloxanes in settled dust from different micro-environments are still limited. In this study, concentrations and distribution of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (CVMSs) including D3, D4, D5, and D6 were examined in indoor dust samples collected from various micro-environments in northern and central Vietnam. Concentrations of total CVMSs in the dust samples ranged from 86.0 to 5890 (median 755) ng/g and decreased in the order: waste processing workshops (median 1560; range 329-5890) > common houses (650; 115-1680) > university classrooms (480; 86.0-1540) > vehicle repair shops (295; 126-1950) ng/g. This observation suggests that informal waste processing activities are sources of CVMSs. Among the studied CVMSs, D5 was the most predominant compound (41 ± 14%), followed by D6 (26 ± 13%), D4 (23 ± 12%), and D3 (11 ± 11%). Moderate positive correlations between D3/D4, D4/D5, and D5/D6 were found. Median daily intake doses of D3, D4, D5, and D6 through dust ingestion were 0.016, 0.051, 0.11, and 0.054 ng/kg/d, respectively, which were comparable to water consumption and markedly lower than the air inhalation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
| | - Hue Thi Trinh
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Research, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
- Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh Commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh, 45000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 11300, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xuyen Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 11300, Vietnam
| | - Toan Vu Duc
- Environmental and Life Science Research Laboratory, Research of Organic Matter Group (ROOM), Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11300, Vietnam
| | - Trung Quang Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam.
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da Costa JG, de Albuquerque AS, Ardisson JD, Fernandez-Outon LE, de Queiroz RS, Morimoto T. Determination of settled dust sources by analytical techniques and chemical mass balance receptor model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:17926-17941. [PMID: 36205862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of sources that produce particulate atmospheric matter (PM) can be of paramount importance for the reduction of air pollution and the development of environmental policies. In order to identify the environmental impact resulting from industrial metallurgical activities in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, ES, Brazil, it was investigated the contribution to PM that result from industrial activities and from local natural sources. For this purpose, analytical techniques were used to identify the apportionment of sources that contribute to the formation of insoluble settled dust collected at two points near the city of Vitória. Samples of soil, iron ore, limestone, coal, iron ore pellets, sinter, coke, slag, environmental samples of settled dust, and samples representative of the actual flows of materials used in an integrated steel mill were analyzed. Physicochemical characterizations, based on X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of ferruginous compounds found in sources and receptor samples, revealed the presence of highly crystallized hematite and low crystallized hematite. The latter is primarily found in soil samples, while well-crystallized hematite is found in natural samples from iron ores or after thermo-chemical processes applied during the industrial transformation of raw materials, as it happens during the production of pellets. Ferrous crystallographic forms α-FeOOH and Fe5HO8·4H2O, observed in environmental and soil samples, were also found in samples from industrial sources. Source apportionment of carbon based on the IMPROVE_A protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis showed the participation of the elementary carbon fractions, separating contributions originated from coke and coal sources in the environmental samples. These results allowed a significant reduction of collinearity between source profiles in the application of the chemical mass balance receptor model "EPA-CMB8.2" receptor model. Consequently, it was possible to distinguish sources that process mainly ferrous and carbonaceous materials, identifying the contribution of different sources to the settled dust collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gustavo da Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
- ArcelorMittal Tubarão, Polo Industrial Tubarão, Serra, ES, 29160-904, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luis Eugenio Fernandez-Outon
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rogério S de Queiroz
- Morimoto & Queiroz, Air Pollution Consulting Ltda., 29, Serra, ES, 182-010, Brazil
| | - Tsutomu Morimoto
- Morimoto & Queiroz, Air Pollution Consulting Ltda., 29, Serra, ES, 182-010, Brazil
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Hoang AQ, Takahashi S, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Tran TM, Yen NTH, Tu MB. Occurrence, emission sources, and risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and current-use brominated flame retardants in settled dust from end-of-life vehicle processing, urban, and rural areas, northern Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:2061-2074. [PMID: 35927405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Settled dust samples from Vietnamese end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing, urban, and rural areas were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other current-use brominated flame retardants (BFRs). PBDE levels found in dust samples collected from ELV workshops (median 390; range 120-520 ng/g) and nearby living areas (110; 36-650 ng/g) were generally higher than those in common house dust (25-170 ng/g). BDE-209 was the most predominant congener detected in almost all the samples, indicating extensive application of products containing deca-BDE mixtures. The dust samples from ELV workplaces showed a more abundance of lower brominated congeners (e.g., tetra- to hexa-BDEs) that may originate from car interior materials treated by penta-BDE formulations. Concentrations of other BFRs decreased in the order urban > rural > ELV dust, reflecting the current use of these compounds in new consumer products. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were the major alternative BFRs. Daily intake doses and hazard indexes of PBDEs and some other BFRs through dust ingestion were estimated and showed acceptable levels of risk. However, more comprehensive risk assessment considering multiple exposure pathways should be performed, especially for ELV workers and children in the ELV processing and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam.
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Vietnam
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Vietnam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
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Hoang AQ, Karyu R, Tue NM, Goto A, Tuyen LH, Matsukami H, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Viet PH, Kunisue T. Comprehensive characterization of halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters in settled dust from informal e-waste and end-of-life vehicle processing sites in Vietnam: Occurrence, source estimation, and risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2022; 310:119809. [PMID: 35931384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Information about the co-occurrence of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment of informal waste processing areas is still limited, especially in emerging and developing countries. In this study, OPEs and HFRs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and chlorinated flame retardants (CFRs) were determined in settled dust from Vietnamese e-waste recycling (WR) and vehicle processing (VP) workshops. Pollutant concentrations decreased in the order: OPEs (median 1500; range 230-410,000 ng/g) ≈ PBDEs (1200; 58-250,000) > NBFRs (140; not detected - 250,000) > CFRs (13; 0.39-2200). HFR and OPE levels in the WR workshops for e-waste and obsolete plastic were significantly higher than in the VP workshops. Decabromodiphenyl ether and decabromodiphenyl ethane are major HFRs, accounting for 60 ± 26% and 25 ± 29% of total HFRs, respectively. Triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate dominated the OPE profiles, accounting for 30 ± 25%, 25 ± 16%, and 24 ± 18% of total OPEs, respectively. The OPE profiles differed between WR and VP dust samples, implying different usage patterns of these substances in polymer materials for electric/electronic appliance and automotive industries. Human health risk related to dust-bound HFRs and OPEs in the study areas was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Ryogo Karyu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan; Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Akitoshi Goto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305- 8506, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305- 8506, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
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Mohammadi A, Soleimani A, Abdolahnejad A, Ahmed M, Akther T, Nemati-Mansour S, Raeghi S, Rashedi GH, Miri M. SARS-CoV-2 detection in hospital indoor environments, NW Iran. Atmos Pollut Res 2022; 13:101511. [PMID: 35880204 PMCID: PMC9301582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor settled dust and surfaces of Amir Al-Muminin hospital in Maragheh, Iran. Samples were taken from surfaces and settled dust using a passive approach and particulate matter (PM) using an active approach from different hospital wards. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15% of settled dust samples (N = 4/26) and 10% of surface samples (3/30). SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in 13.8% and 9.1% of the dust samples collected at a distance of fewer than 1 m and more than 3 m from the patient bed, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was found in 11% of surface samples from low-touch surfaces and 8% from high touch surfaces. The relationship between PM2.5, PM10, humidity, temperature, and positive samples of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated. A positive correlation was observed between relative humidity, PM2.5, and positive SARS-CoV-2 samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested positive correlation between positive SARS-CoV-2 samples, relative humidity, and PM2.5. Risk assessment results indicated that the annual mean infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 for hospital staff with illness and death was 2.6 × 10-2 and 7.7 × 10-4 per person per year. Current findings will help reduce the permanence of viral particles in the COVID 19 tragedy and future similar pandemics e.g., novel influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Abdolahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Morshad Ahmed
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77024, United States
| | - Tanzina Akther
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77024, United States
| | | | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Rashedi
- Expert of Environmental Health Engineering, Amir Al-muminin Hospital, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Sonego E, Simonetti G, Di Filippo P, Riccardi C, Buiarelli F, Fresta A, Olivastri M, Pomata D. Characterization of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) in settled dust in specific workplaces. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52302-52316. [PMID: 35258734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for detecting flame retardants was slightly modified and optimized for the simultaneous determination of 11 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 26 polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) contained in dust. All the analytes were determined in HPLC/MS-MS, and OPEs were also analyzed in GC/MS, and the results were compared. The study was conducted through the investigation of the Standard Reference Material SRM 2585 of the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). The results were compared with the available reference mass fraction reported in the NIST certificate. The mass fraction obtained for the other OPEs and PFASs was compared to available data in the literature. After verifying the reliability of the results, the method was applied to environmental samples of settled dust, collected in four workplaces, where OPE and PFAS content is expected to be higher than in house dust: a mechanical workshop, an electronic repair center, a disassembly site, and a shredding site of two electronic waste recycling plants. By analyzing both PFASs and OPEs in the same samples, the present work demonstrated that the selected working places were more polluted in OPEs than houses; on the contrary, PFAS content in house dust proved to be more than ten times higher than that in workplaces. Additional research is necessary to confirm these data. Nevertheless, because this preliminary study showed not negligible concentrations of OPEs in some workplaces and of PFASs in houses, their monitoring should be extended to other domestic and selected working sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sonego
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Buiarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Fresta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Olivastri
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Sheng Y, Yan C, Nie M, Ju M, Ding M, Huang X, Chen J. The partitioning behavior of PAHs between settled dust and its extracted water phase: Coefficients and effects of the fluorescent organic matter. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 223:112573. [PMID: 34340152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a city of Central China were determined in the settled dust and its extracted water phase from different land use types and bus stops in Nanchang City. The physicochemical properties of its water extracted dissolved organic matter (WEOM) were characterized to investigate the effect of fluorescence organic matter on the dust-water partitioning coefficients (Kd) using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined parallel factor analysis. Results showed that the range of ∑PAHs in settled dust and the extracted water phase was 0.05-15.92 μg·g-1 and 2-211 ng·L-1, respectively. These PAHs mostly came from the combustion of biomass. The risk assessment showed that PAHs in dust had no obvious health risk (less than the magnitude of 10-6). Additionally, the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs and the low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were preferentially adsorbed by dust and the dissolved portion, respectively. It was confirmed by the relatively high logKd values of 4.23 for the HMW-PAHs. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the higher concentration of dissolved organic carbon and humic-like substance were in favor of PAHs in dust released into waters. This study can provide information on pollution control when considering the impact of fluorescent organic matter on the fate and transport of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Sheng
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Min Ju
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xian Huang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
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11
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Hoang AQ, Suzuki G, Michinaka C, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Tu MB, Takahashi S. Characterization of unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settled dust: Combination of instrumental analysis and in vitro reporter gene assays and implications for cancer risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147821. [PMID: 34029822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 34 unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and Me-PAHs) and AhR-mediated activities in settled dust samples were determined by a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and an in vitro reporter gene assay (PAH-CALUX). The levels of Σ34PAHs and bioassay-derived benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (CALUX BaP-EQs) were significantly higher in workplace dust from informal end-of-life vehicle dismantling workshops than in common house dust and road dust. In all the samples, the theoretical BaP-EQs of PAHs (calculated using PAH-CALUX relative potencies) accounted for 28 ± 19% of the CALUX BaP-EQs, suggesting significant contribution of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and/or mixture effects. Interestingly, the bioassay-derived BaP-EQs in these samples were significantly correlated with not only unsubstituted PAHs with known carcinogenic potencies but also many Me-PAHs, which should be included in future monitoring and toxicity tests. The bioassay responses of many sample extracts were substantially reduced but not suppressed with sulfuric acid treatment, indicating contribution of persistent AhR agonists. Cancer risk assessment based on the CALUX BaP-EQs has revealed unacceptable level of risk in many cases. The application of bioassay-derived BaP-EQs may reduce underestimation in environmental management and risk evaluation regarding PAHs and their derivatives (notably Me-PAHs), suggesting a consideration of using in vitro toxic activity instead of conventional chemical-specific approach in such assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chieko Michinaka
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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12
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Batbold C, Chonokhuu S, Buuveijargal K, Gankhuyag K. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric settled dust of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:45474-45485. [PMID: 33866505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric settled dust study was conducted with the purpose of to determine the source of heavy metal elements (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in airborne dust from Ulaanbaatar using the multivariate analysis and spatial distribution mapping by geographic information system (GIS) with the systematic grid. A total of 57 dust samples were collected from the impervious surfaces at 2-4 m above the ground in January of 2020. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were increasing order of Co-10.4 ± 1.3 mg/kg > As-16.5 ± 5.9 mg/kg > Ni-21.3 ± 3.3 mg/kg > Pb-51.7 ± 26.4 mg/kg > Cu-65.5 ± 23.6 mg/kg > Cr-70.2 ± 18.7 mg/kg > Zn-571.3 ± 422.8 mg/kg. In terms of multivariate analysis, we used Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA). Three principal components, which are eigenvalues higher than 1, were determined accounting for 70.5% of the total variance by PCA. As a result, PC1 38.5% (As, Cr, Cu, and Ni), PC2 17.3% (Pb and Zn), and PC3 14.7% (Co and Pb) are attributable to coal combustion, vehicle exhaust emission, and resuspension of soil particles, respectively. The results of correlation analysis and CA were fairly in agreement with PCA. The spatial distribution maps of heavy metals were revealed in the downtown in which 40 covered sampling sites with about 700m intervals. In the spatial distribution mappings, generally, the southern part of the mapping area was higher concentrations of heavy metals. An increment of heavy metals concentration was presented for As, Cr, Co, and Ni with their similar trend in the southwestern part of the mapping. Besides, another trend for the distribution of the high concentrations of Cu and Zn was observed in the south and southeast parts. In terms of Pb, it had no noticeable pattern of distribution; however, a high spot was presented in the southwest part of the map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chultem Batbold
- Laboratory of Air and Environmental Monitoring, Graduate School, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Sonomdagva Chonokhuu
- Laboratory of Air and Environmental Monitoring, Graduate School, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia.
- Department of Environment and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia.
| | - Khulan Buuveijargal
- Department of Environment and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Khongor Gankhuyag
- Laboratory of Air and Environmental Monitoring, Graduate School, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
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Viegas C, Almeida B, Monteiro A, Paciência I, Rufo JC, Carolino E, Quintal-Gomes A, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Marchand G, Aranha Caetano L, Viegas S. Settled dust assessment in clinical environment: useful for the evaluation of a wider bioburden spectrum. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:160-178. [PMID: 31240954 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1634799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collection and analysis of settled dust samples from indoor environments has become one of several environmental sampling methods used to assess bioburden indoors. The aim of the study was to characterize the bioburden in vacuumed settled dust from 10 Primary Health Care Centers by culture based and molecular methods. Results for bacterial load ranged from 1 to 12 CFU.g-1 of dust and Gram-negative bacteria ranged between 1 to 344 CFU.g-1 of dust. Fungal load ranged from 0 CFU.g-1 of dust to uncountable. Aspergillus section Fumigati was detected in 4 sampling sites where culture base-methods could not identify this section. Mucorales (Rhizopus sp.) was observed on 1 mg/L voriconazole. Three out of 10 settled dust samples were contaminated by mycotoxins. Settled dust sampling coupled with air sampling in a routine way might provide useful information about bioburden exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Almeida
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Monteiro
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial , Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anita Quintal-Gomes
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon Institute of Molecular Medicine , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Geneviéve Marchand
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail , Montréal, Canada
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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de J Bandeira M, Dos Santos NR, Cardoso MS, Hlavinicka N, Anjos ALS, Wândega EL, Bah HAF, de Oliva ST, Rocha AR, Souza-Júnior JA, Menezes-Filho JA. Assessment of potters' occupational exposure to lead and associated risk factors in Maragogipinho, Brazil: preliminary results. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1061-1071. [PMID: 33606099 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lead (Pb) is used as a flux in the glazing process of pottery utensils in several regions of the world. It can affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems; in addition, it is classified as a probable human carcinogen. This work aims to evaluate Pb exposure of potters and describe the main determinants of elevated blood Pb (PbB) levels in this group of workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with potters of Maragogipinho Village, Bahia, Brazil, of both sexes, aged 16-72 years (n = 85). Non-exposed workers of the same age range residing in the urban area of Aratuípe town were also recruited (n = 50). We evaluated Pb dust deposition rates (PbDrt) in pottery workshops and PbB levels. All Pb measurements were performed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. RESULTS The median of PbB (min-max) and geometric mean (SD) PbDrt for the exposed group were 7.9 (0.9-49.8) µg/dL and 1463 (± 290,000) μg/m2/30 days, respectively. For the control group, levels were 1.5 (0.1-19.8) μg/dL and 82 (46) μg/m2 30 days, respectively. CONCLUSION The data found showed an excessive exposure among artisans, exceeding occupationally safe levels and those reported in the literature. It is important to implement occupational hygiene measures and improvements of the working conditions of these labors, especially the replacement of lead oxide in the pottery-glazing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de J Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hlavinicka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Wândega
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Homegnon A F Bah
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T de Oliva
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andrea R Rocha
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Souza-Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n. Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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15
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Ahmed MFE, Ramadan H, Seinige D, Kehrenberg C, Abd El-Wahab A, Volkmann N, Kemper N, Schulz J. Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, microbial loads, and endotoxin levels in dust from laying hen houses in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:301. [PMID: 32838780 PMCID: PMC7446189 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry houses are often highly contaminated with dust, which might contain considerable amounts of microorganisms and endotoxins. The concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins in dust from laying hen houses in Egypt are unknown. However, to estimate the risks for birds, the environment, and people working in laying hen houses, it is important to gather information about the composition of these dusts. Here we report the microbial loads, the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and endotoxin concentrations in dust samples from 28 laying hen farms in Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt, and discuss the results relevant to the literature. Results Pooled settled dust samples (n = 28) were analyzed for total viable counts of bacteria and fungi (CFU/g), the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and endotoxin concentrations (ng/g). The means and standard deviations of total viable counts were 7.10 × 108 ± 2.55 × 109 CFU/g for bacteria and 5.37 × 106 ± 7.26 × 106 CFU/g for fungi. Endotoxin levels varied from 2.9 × 104 to 6.27 × 105 ng/g. None of the tested samples contained Salmonella spp. or MRSA. In contrast, by direct plating, Enterobacteriaceae were found frequently (57%; n = 16), and suspected ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae occurred in 21% (n = 6) of the sampled barns. Using an enrichment method, the detection of Enterobacteriaceae and suspected ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae increased to 20 and 16 positive barns, respectively. Taking results from both methods into account, Enterobacteriaceae and suspected ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 23 barns Overall, 100 ESBL suspected isolates (Escherichia coli, n = 64; Enterobacter cloacae, n = 20; and Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 16) were identified to species level by MALDI-TOF MS. Isolates from 20 barns (71% positive barns) were confirmed as ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae by the broth microdilution test. Conclusions Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F E Ahmed
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Diana Seinige
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nina Volkmann
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Schulz
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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Anh HQ, Watanabe I, Minh TB, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Takahashi S. Polychlorinated biphenyls in settled dusts from an end-of-life vehicle processing area and normal house dusts in northern Vietnam: Occurrence, potential sources, and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 728:138823. [PMID: 32570316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and congener-specific profiles of total 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in settled dust samples collected from end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing, urban, and rural areas in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total 209 PCBs, seven indicator congeners, and twelve dioxin-like PCBs decreased in the order: ELV working > ELV living ≈ urban > rural dusts. Penta- and hexa-CBs dominated the homolog patterns in all the samples with higher proportions in the ELV dusts compared to the urban and rural house dusts. The abundance and pattern of PCBs in the ELV dusts suggest on-going emissions of these compounds related to processing of vehicular oils and lubricants containing PCBs, whereas the presence of PCBs in the urban and rural house dusts indicate long-time releases. However, levels of some PCBs identified as by-products of pigment manufacturing (e.g., PCB-11 and PCB-209) were higher in the urban house dusts than those from other locations, resulting from human activities utilizing paints and pigments. Daily intake doses (ID), non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), and lifetime cancer risk (CR) of PCBs through dust ingestion were estimated for ELV workers and residents in the studied areas. The workers and children in the ELV sites were estimated to be at higher risk of PCB exposure, however almost all of the HQ < 1 and CR < 10-4 indicate no serious risk related to dust-bound PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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17
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Bu Z, Xu X, Xu Q, Mmereki D, Wang J, Cheng Z, Li K, Dong C. Indoor polybrominated diphenyl ethers in urban China: An exposure and risk assessment based on settled dust from selected urban regions. Sci Total Environ 2020; 714:136808. [PMID: 31982732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, measurements of seven typical polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor settled dust were summarized in selected urban regions of China. BDE-209 was the most dominant congener in settled dust (1.4-101 μg/g), with a mean contribution of 95%. Indoor exposures to PBDEs were estimated via inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption. The average daily intake of ΣPBDE was 4.9 to 19.1 ng/day/kg for all the population groups, with >80% of the total exposures from dust ingestion. Exposures in commuting environments (contributing 60%-80% of the total exposures) were higher than those in other microenvironments. The means of hazard indexes ranged from 1.66 × 10-3 to 5.26 × 10-3, which were mainly as a result of exposure to BDE-209, BDE-47, and BDE-99. The average lifetime cancer risks were from 0.03 × 10-9 to 2.37 × 10-9, which indicated the acceptable health risks resulting from indoor PBDE exposure for the Chinese population. The present study could provide valuable information that could be helpful for decision-makers, analysts and researchers to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the reduction of exposures to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) for large population groups in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- Hangzhou Architectural and Civil Engineering Design Institute Company Limited, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Daniel Mmereki
- Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown Education Campus, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Institute of Urban Construction, Hangzhou Polytechnic, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Zhu Cheng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Cong Dong
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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Ali N. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air and dust samples of different Saudi microenvironments; health and carcinogenic risk assessment for the general population. Sci Total Environ 2019; 696:133995. [PMID: 31454600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied in indoor air (PM10) and settled dust collected from different indoor microenvironments of Saudi Arabia. Limited data is available on the indoor quality of Saudi Arabia and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting PAHs in indoor air from Saudi Arabia. The main objectives were to study the levels and profile of selected PAHs in indoor dust and PM10 samples from different microenvironments of Saudi Arabia and to estimate health risk assessment to the local population via inhalation, dust ingestion and dermal contact. To study PAHs, indoor dust and PM10 samples were collected from different households, offices and hotel roomsPM10.Pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, and phenanthrene were the major PAHs in both settled dust and PM10 samples. Profile of PAHs in dust samples was dominated by 3 and 4 ring PAHs while in PM10 sample 5-6 aromatic ring PAHs also contributed significantly. PM10 collected from kitchens and AC filter dust samples were the most contaminated with PAHs. PM10Health risk assessment was made for adults and young based on benzo(a)pyrene equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). BaPE revealed major toxicity threat associated with PAHs is all microenvironments samples (dust and PM10) is from 5 and 6 aromatic rings PAHs. ILRC calculated using ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact was within the limits set by USEPA and although using max concentration it was up to 8.0E-05, which can have significant impact long term if other exposure pathways such as food and outdoor exposure, etc. are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
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Anh HQ, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Minh TB, Viet PH, Takahashi S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated derivatives in settled dusts from end-of-life vehicle processing, urban, and rural areas, northern Vietnam: Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:468-478. [PMID: 30965261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and profiles of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) were examined in settled dust samples collected from workplaces and living areas of an informal end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing village, and house dusts from urban and rural areas in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total PAHs and Me-PAHs decreased in the order: ELV workplace (median 5700, range 900-18,000 ng g-1) > rural house (3700, 1800-6200 ng g-1) > urban house (1800, 620-3100 ng g-1) ≈ ELV living dusts (1000, 600-3900 ng g-1). PAHs with 4 rings or more dominated in almost all the samples, indicating the abundance of pyrogenic sources (e.g., vehicular emissions and domestic thermal processes). Levels of Me-PAHs were exceeded those of PAHs in several ELV samples, revealing specific petrogenic sources derived from vehicle processing activities. Results from source apportionment analysis have partially identified traffic emission, biomass and coal combustion, and mixed petrogenic-pyrogenic sources related to ELV waste as the major sources of PAHs and Me-PAHs in the urban, rural, and ELV areas, respectively. Daily intake doses and health risk related to PAHs and Me-PAHs in settled dusts were estimated for ELV workers and residents living in the study areas. The worst exposure scenario of dust-bound PAHs showed a potential cancer risk for the ELV workers, meanwhile, no significant non-cancer and cancer risk was expected for other exposed groups. A more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment of PAHs and related compounds should be conducted in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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20
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Wei W, Mandin C, Blanchard O, Mercier F, Pelletier M, Le Bot B, Glorennec P, Ramalho O. Semi-volatile organic compounds in French dwellings: An estimation of concentrations in the gas phase and particulate phase from settled dust. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:2742-2750. [PMID: 30373052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are present in the gas phase, particulate phase and settled dust in the indoor environment, resulting in human exposure through different pathways. Sometimes, SVOCs are only measured in a single phase because of practical and/or financial constraints. A probabilistic method proposed by Wei et al. for the prediction of the SVOC concentration in the gas phase from the SVOC concentration in the particulate phase was extended to model the equilibrium SVOC concentrations in both the gas and particulate phases from the SVOC concentration measured in settled dust. This approach, based on the theory of SVOC partitioning among the gas phase, particulate phase, and settled dust incorporating Monte Carlo simulation, was validated using measured data from the literature and applied to the prediction of the concentrations of 48 SVOCs in both the gas and particulate phases in 3.6 million French dwellings where at least one child aged 6 months to 6 years lived. The median gas-phase concentration of 15 SVOCs, i.e., 5 phthalates, 2 organochlorine pesticides, 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 2 synthetic musks, dichlorvos, and tributyl phosphate, was found to be higher than 1 ng/m3. The median concentration of 5 phthalates in the particulate phase was higher than 1 ng/m3. The impacts of some physical parameters, such as the molar mass and boiling point, on the SVOC partitioning among the different phases were quantified. The partitioning depends on the activity coefficient, vapor pressure at the boiling point, entropy of evaporation of the SVOCs, and the fraction of organic matter in particles. Thus, the partitioning may differ from one chemical family to another. The empirical equations based on regressions allow quick estimation of SVOC partitioning among the gas phase, particulate phase, and settled dust from the molar mass and boiling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wei
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Blanchard
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maud Pelletier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
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Rabhi L, Lemou A, Cecinato A, Balducci C, Cherifi N, Ladji R, Yassaa N. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, parabens and other environmental contaminants in dust and suspended particulates of Algiers, Algeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:24253-24265. [PMID: 29948708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalateesters, parabens, siloxanes and squalene, all of them classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have been reported to occur in all environmental compartments. The effects of EDCs on development, reproduction, growth, metabolism and obesity constitute a real public health issue. A list of EDCs (> 40 compounds) were characterised in total suspended particulates (outdoor soot: 92 samples) collected in July-September 2016 in an Algiers urban area; besides, settled indoor dusts (36 samples) were collected between November and December 2016 in schools, homes, manufacture and hospital of the same province. The analytical procedure consisted of ultrasonic bath extraction, column chromatography separation into fractions of different polarity and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric processing. The total loads of phthalates ranging from 6.0 to 347 ng/m2 (median, 26 ng/m2) were determined in indoor dust and 4.6 to 11.6 ng/m3 (median, 7.9 ng/m3) in outdoor soot; meanwhile, PAHs ranged from 12.1 to 108 ng/m2 (median, 36 ng/m2) in indoor dust and ranged from 5.6 to 7.7 ng/m3 (median 5.7 ng/m3) in outdoor soot. Finally, illicit substances such as cocaine, cannabinol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol were found to range from 0.5 to 11 pg/m3, 4.6 to 9.2 pg/m3 and 11 to 81 pg/m3, respectively, in outdoor soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyes Rabhi
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Unité de recherche en analyses et développement technologiques en environnement-centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques UR-ADTE- CRAPC, BP 384, Zone industrielle RP, 42004, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Lemou
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Unité de recherche en analyses et développement technologiques en environnement-centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques UR-ADTE- CRAPC, BP 384, Zone industrielle RP, 42004, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Angelo Cecinato
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), National Research Council of Italy, via Salaria, km29.3, P. O. Box10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Catia Balducci
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), National Research Council of Italy, via Salaria, km29.3, P. O. Box10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Nabila Cherifi
- Unité de recherche en analyses et développement technologiques en environnement-centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques UR-ADTE- CRAPC, BP 384, Zone industrielle RP, 42004, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Riad Ladji
- Unité de recherche en analyses et développement technologiques en environnement-centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques UR-ADTE- CRAPC, BP 384, Zone industrielle RP, 42004, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Yassaa
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
- Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, BP 62, Route de l'Observatoire, Bouzaréah, 16340, Algiers, Algeria.
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Kadi MW, Ali N, Albar HMSA. Phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the indoor settled carpet dust of mosques, health risk assessment for public. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:134-140. [PMID: 29426135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported the occurrence of phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor settled dust from different occupational and residential settings around the world but limited studies are available from public and religious places. In recent decades Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced tremendous industrial growth especially in the petroleum industries, and as result environmental issues related with such industries have also increased but scientific data is still scarce to understand the impact on public health. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to report the phthalates and PAHs profile in the settled dust collected from various mosques of Jeddah, an important part of people living in the region, and to evaluate the health risk associated with these chemicals via dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact for the general public who attend mosques for prayers. Phenanthrene (500-3000 ng/g), pyrene (40-1220 ng/g), and chrysene (95-4590 ng/g) were the major PAHs and ∑12PAHs concentrations ranged from 2550 to 9150 ng/g. Whereas, DEHP (<LOQ-292900 ng/g) and BzBP (<LOQ-292900 ng/g) were the major phthalates in the mosque dust. Health risk assessment for the public was calculated by incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and daily exposure to via dust ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact for both PAHs and phthalates. At the same time, benzo[a]pyrene equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) (median 145 ng/g) was calculated for PAHs. The ILCR for PAHs was in line with the reference values of USEPA. At the same time, exposure via dust ingestion on daily basis reached up to 82 ng/kg bw/day for DEHP for young children. The study showed general public is exposed to these chemicals in the studied area and major exposure routes are dermal and ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad W Kadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Ali N, Ismail IMI, Khoder M, Shamy M, Alghamdi M, Al Khalaf A, Costa M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the settled dust of automobile workshops, health and carcinogenic risk evaluation. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:478-484. [PMID: 28575826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There are studies available on the occurrence of PAHs in indoor settled dust from residential and different occupational settings in literature but limited data is available on their occurrence and potential health risk assessment in automobile workshops. In recent decades Saudi Arabia has experienced tremendous growth in the petroleum industry and as a result, the automobile industry is booming. People working in automobile workshops are at a greater risk of exposure to chemicals releasing from the petroleum products. The main objective of this study was to report PAHs in settled dust from different automobile workshops of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and evaluate health risk for workers through dust exposure. Pyrene (1585-13500ng/g), Benz[a]anthracene (<LOQ-5065ng/g), and Phenanthrene (280-4860ng/g) were the major PAHs and ∑12PAHs concentrations ranged between 7620 and 30800ng/g. Profile of PAHs was different in dust from small and heavy vehicle workshops. For workers, health risk assessment was calculated based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and daily exposure to PAHs via dust ingestion. The median concentration of BaPE was 285ng/g, ILCR was up to 6.78×10-3 (exceeded reference values of USEPA (range between 1×10-6 and 1×10-4)), and worker's exposure via dust ingestion on daily bases reached up to 33ng/kgbw/day for ∑12PAHs. This study showed people working in automobile workshops in the studied area are getting expose to high levels of PAHs via dust ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. CAPSULE This is the first study reporting PAHs in automobile workshops settings from Middle East. The incremental lifetime cancer risk to workers via dust exposure exceeded set limits of USEPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Khoder
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Shamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alghamdi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Khalaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
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Menezes-Filho JA, Souza KOFD, Rodrigues JLG, Santos NRD, Bandeira MDJ, Koin NL, Oliveira SSDP, Godoy ALPC, Mergler D. Manganese and lead in dust fall accumulation in elementary schools near a ferromanganese alloy plant. Environ Res 2016; 148:322-329. [PMID: 27107708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown elevated airborne manganese (Mn) in villages adjacent to a Mn alloy production plant in Brazil and negative associations between biomarkers of Mn and children's cognition and behavior. Since small Mn particles may be carried for long distances, we measured manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) dust fall accumulation in 15 elementary schools, located between 1.25 and 6.48km from the plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. Passive samplers (polyethylene Petri dishes) were set in interior and exterior environments. After 30 days, the samplers' content was solubilized with diluted nitric acid and Mn and Pb levels were analyzed by electrothermal absorption spectrometry. The overall geometric mean and range of Mn and Pb accumulation in dust fall (loading rates) were 1582μg Mn/m(2)/30 days (37-37,967) and 43.2μg Pb/m(2)/30 days (2.9-210.4). A logarithmic decrease in interior and exterior Mn loading rates was observed with distance from the ferro-manganese alloy plant. Multiple regression analyses of log-transformed Mn loading rate within the schools showed a positive association with Mn levels in outdoor dust, a negative association with distance from the plant; as well, wind direction (downwind>upwind) and school location (urban>rural) entered significantly into the model. For the interior school environments, located within a 2-km radius from the plant, loading rate was, on average, 190 times higher than the Mn levels reported by Gulson et al., (2014) in daycare centers in Sydney, Australia, using a similar method. Pb loading rates were not associated with distance from the plant and were lower than the rates observed in the same daycare centers in Sydney. Our findings suggest that a significant portion of the children in this town in Brazil may be exposed to airborne Mn at concentrations that may affect their neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Menezes-Filho
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Karine O Fraga de Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Juliana L Gomes Rodrigues
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Jesus Bandeira
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Ng Lai Koin
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio S do Prado Oliveira
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Ana Leonor P Campos Godoy
- Federal University of Bahia, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Avenue Barão Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-être, la santé, la société et l'environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montreal, Canada.
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Huttunen K, Tirkkonen J, Täubel M, Krop E, Mikkonen S, Pekkanen J, Heederik D, Zock JP, Hyvärinen A, Hirvonen MR. Inflammatory potential in relation to the microbial content of settled dust samples collected from moisture-damaged and reference schools: results of HITEA study. Indoor Air 2016; 26:380-390. [PMID: 25967114 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to identify factors causing the adverse health effects associated with moisture-damaged indoor environments, we analyzed immunotoxicological potential of settled dust from moisture-damaged and reference schools in relation to their microbiological composition. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to settled dust samples (n = 25) collected from moisture-damaged and reference schools in Spain, the Netherlands, and Finland. After exposure, we analyzed production of inflammatory markers [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-)α, interleukin (IL)-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)2] as well as mitochondrial activity, viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, particle counts, concentration of selected microbial groups as well as chemical markers such as ergosterol, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, muramic acid, endotoxins, and glucans were measured as markers of exposure. Dust from moisture-damaged schools in Spain and the Netherlands induced stronger immunotoxicological responses compared to samples from reference schools; the responses to Finnish samples were generally lower with no difference between the schools. In multivariate analysis, IL-6 and apoptosis responses were most strongly associated with moisture status of the school. The measured responses correlated with several microbial markers and numbers of particles, but the most important predictor of the immunotoxicological potential of settled dust was muramic acid concentration, a marker of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huttunen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Tirkkonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Täubel
- Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Krop
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pekkanen
- Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Heederik
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J-P Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hyvärinen
- Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M-R Hirvonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Liu X, Guo Z, Krebs KA, Greenwell DJ, Roache NF, Stinson RA, Nardin JA, Pope RH. Laboratory study of PCB transport from primary sources to settled dust. Chemosphere 2016; 149:62-69. [PMID: 26849196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dust is an important sink for indoor air pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that were used in building materials and products. In this study, two types of dust, house dust and Arizona Test Dust, were tested in a 30-m(3) stainless steel chamber with two types of panels. The PCB-containing panels were aluminum sheets coated with a PCB-spiked primer or caulk. The PCB-free panels were coated with the same materials but without PCBs. The dust evenly spread on each panel was collected at different times to determine its PCB content. The data from the PCB panels were used to evaluate the PCB migration from the source to the dust through direct contact, and the data from the PCB-free panels were used to evaluate the sorption of PCBs through the dust/air partition. Settled dust can adsorb PCBs from air. The sorption concentration was dependent on the congener concentration in the air and favored less volatile congeners. When the house dust was in direct contact with the PCB-containing panel, PCBs migrated into the dust at a much faster rate than the PCB transfer rate due to the dust/air partition. The dust/source partition was not significantly affected by the congener's volatility. For a given congener, the ratio between its concentration in the dust and in the source was used to estimate the dust/source partition coefficient. The estimated values ranged from 0.04 to 0.16. These values are indicative of the sink strength of the tested house dust being in the middle or lower-middle range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Zhishi Guo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Kenneth A Krebs
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Dale J Greenwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Nancy F Roache
- ARCADIS, US Inc., 4915 Prospectus Dr., Suite F, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rayford A Stinson
- ARCADIS, US Inc., 4915 Prospectus Dr., Suite F, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Joshua A Nardin
- ARCADIS, US Inc., 4915 Prospectus Dr., Suite F, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Robert H Pope
- ARCADIS, US Inc., 4915 Prospectus Dr., Suite F, Durham, NC 27709, United States
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