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Lin S, Wang J, Mukherjee PK, Mao R, West G, Czarnecki D, Zhao S, Nguyen QT, Elias M, Massey WJ, Liu W, Wang Y, Prasad A, Banerjee S, Goren I, Chandra J, Le HT, Dejanovic D, Li J, Chen M, Holubar S, Olman M, Southern B, Hu S, Gordon IO, Atabai K, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) prevents intestinal fibrosis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2022-328608. [PMID: 38378253 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable consequence of chronic IBD, leading to stricture formation and need for surgery. During the process of fibrogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically regulate the function of mesenchymal cells. We characterised the composition and function of ECM in fibrostenosing Crohn's disease (CD) and control tissues. DESIGN Decellularised full-thickness intestinal tissue platforms were tested using three different protocols, and ECM composition in different tissue phenotypes was explored by proteomics and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Primary human intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs) treated with milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) were evaluated regarding the mechanism of their antifibrotic response, and the action of MFGE8 was tested in two experimental intestinal fibrosis models. RESULTS We established and validated an optimal decellularisation protocol for intestinal IBD tissues. Matrisome analysis revealed elevated MFGE8 expression in CD strictured (CDs) tissue, which was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with MFGE8 inhibited ECM production in normal control HIMF but not CDs HIMF. Next-generation sequencing uncovered functionally relevant integrin-mediated signalling pathways, and blockade of integrin αvβ5 and focal adhesion kinase rendered HIMF non-responsive to MFGE8. MFGE8 prevented and reversed experimental intestinal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION MFGE8 displays antifibrotic effects, and its administration may represent a future approach for prevention of IBD-induced intestinal strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail West
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Doug Czarnecki
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - WeiWei Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ankita Prasad
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Suhanti Banerjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Idan Goren
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dina Dejanovic
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Stefan Holubar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell Olman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Southern
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shaomin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Program for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Tran NT, Phan TNT, Pham TT, Le TT, Le HM, Nguyen DT, Lam AN, Pham TT, Le HT, Dang NB, Tran KC, Tran VD. Urban-rural disparities in acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among women in Can Tho, Vietnam. Ann Ig 2023; 35:641-659. [PMID: 37313797 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2023.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background In Vietnam, cervical cancer is a significant public health concern for women. Unfortunately, despite the availability of the HPV vaccine, low vaccination rates persist. Objectives This study investigates the discrepancy between urban and rural areas in the willingness to receive HPV vaccination with or without fees. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 648 women aged between 15 and 49, living in two urban and two rural Vietnamese districts of Can Tho, between May and December 2021. Results The overall vaccination rate was 4%, with urban women having a higher rate of 4.9% compared to rural women at 3.1%. Among unvaccinated women, those from rural areas expressed a significantly higher desire to receive the free vaccine (91.4%) than urban women (84.4%). However, the intention to vaccinate declined when rural women and urban women were advised to pay the cost (63.4% and 57.1%, respectively). A strong correlation was found between a positive attitude and intention for vaccination, irrespective of its price or free availability. Education and access to information about the HPV vaccine were also identified as the most significant factors influencing the intention to vaccination among urban and rural women. Conclusion The low HPV vaccination rates among women aged 15-49 living in both urban and rural regions of Vietnam are a notable public health concern. These outcomes emphasize the critical need for effective programs of vaccine laterization, as an introduction to the offer of affordable and accessible HPV vaccines for women in Can Tho, Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Tran
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T N T Phan
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Pham
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Le
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - H M Le
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - D T Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - A N Lam
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Pham
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - H T Le
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - N B Dang
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong Thap Medical College, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - K C Tran
- Science in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong Thap Medical College, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - V D Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Velen K, Nguyen TA, Pham CD, Le HT, Nguyen HB, Dao BT, Nguyen TV, Nguyen NT, Nguyen NV, Fox GJ. The effect of medication event reminder monitoring on treatment adherence of TB patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:322-328. [PMID: 37035979 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: TB control remains a serious public health problem, compounded by poor treatment adherence, which increases the likelihood of onward transmission. We evaluated the effectiveness of medication event reminder monitoring (MERM) upon treatment adherence in a high TB burden setting.METHODS: We conducted an open-label parallel group randomised controlled trial among pulmonary TB adults. Participants were provided with a MERM device to store their medications. In the intervention arm, the devices were set to provide daily medication intake reminders. Primary outcome was the proportion of patient-months in which at least 6/30 doses were missed. Secondary outcomes included 1) the proportion of patient-months in which at least 14/30 doses were missed, and 2) the proportion of doses missed.RESULTS: Of 2,142 patients screened, 798 (37.3%) met the inclusion criteria and 250 participants were enrolled. The mean ratio (MR) for poor adherence between the intervention and control groups was 0.72 (95% CI 0.55-0.86). The intervention was also associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients missing at least 14/30 doses (MR 0.61, 95% CI 0.54-0.68) and the percentage of total doses missed (MR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.80).CONCLUSION: MERM is effective in improving TB treatment adherence in a resource-limited environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Velen
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T-A Nguyen
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C D Pham
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H T Le
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - B T Dao
- Thanh Hoa Lung Hospital, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - T V Nguyen
- Thanh Hoa Lung Hospital, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - N T Nguyen
- Thanh Hoa Lung Hospital, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | | | - G J Fox
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lin SN, Musso A, Wang J, Mukherjee PK, West GA, Mao R, Lyu R, Li J, Zhao S, Elias M, Haberman Y, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, Chen MH, Czarnecki D, Dejanovic D, Le HT, Chandra J, Lipman J, Steele SR, Nguyen QT, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Human intestinal myofibroblasts deposited collagen VI enhances adhesiveness for T cells - A novel mechanism for maintenance of intestinal inflammation. Matrix Biol 2022; 113:1-21. [PMID: 36108990 PMCID: PMC10043923 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) cause chronic intestinal damage and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The ECM may play an active role in inflammation by modulating immune cell functions, including cell adhesion, but this hypothesis has not been tested in IBD. DESIGN Primary human intestinal myofibroblast (HIMF)-derived ECM from IBD and controls, 3D decellularized colon or ECM molecule-coated scaffolds were tested for their adhesiveness for T cells. Matrisome was analysed via proteomics. Functional integrin blockade was used to investigate the underlying mechanism. Analysis of the pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) RISK inception cohort was used to explore an altered ECM gene expression as a potential predictor for a future complicated disease course. RESULTS HIMF-derived ECM and 3D decellularized colonic ECM from IBD bound more T cells compared to control. Control HIMFs exposed to the pro-inflammatory cytokines Iinterleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increased, and to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) decreased ECM adhesiveness to T cells. Matrisome analysis of the HIMF-derived ECM revealed collagen VI as a major culprit for differences in T cell adhesion. Collagen VI knockdown in HIMF reduced adhesion T cell as did the blockage of integrin αvβ1. Elevated gene expression of collagen VI in biopsies of pediatric CD patients was linked to risk for future stricturing disease. CONCLUSION HIMF-derived ECM in IBD binds a remarkably enhanced number of T cells, which is dependent on Collagen VI and integrin αvβ1. Collagen VI expression is a risk factor for a future complicated CD course. Blocking immune cells retention may represent a novel approach to treatment in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Musso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gail A West
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruishen Lyu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated with the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Doug Czarnecki
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dina Dejanovic
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy Lipman
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott R Steele
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue - NC22, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue - NC22, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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5
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Elias M, Zhao S, Le HT, Wang J, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap? J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144336. [PMID: 33463541 DOI: 10.1172/jci144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists and one receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). The three endogenous agonists, IL-36α, -β, and -γ, act primarily as proinflammatory cytokines, and their signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) promotes immune cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory and chemotactic molecules. However, IL-36 signaling also fosters secretion of profibrotic soluble mediators, suggesting a role in fibrotic disorders. IL-36 isoforms and IL-36 have been implicated in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Moreover, IL-36 has been connected to fibrotic disorders affecting the kidney, lung, and intestines. This review summarizes the expression, cellular source, and function of IL-36 in inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, and proposes that IL-36 modulation may prove valuable in preventing or treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and may reveal a mechanistic link between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Garpvall K, Duong V, Linnros S, Quốc TN, Mucchiano D, Modeen S, Lagercrantz L, Edman A, Le NK, Huong T, Hoang NTB, Le HT, Khu DT, Tran DM, Phuc PH, Hanberger H, Olson L, Larsson M. Admission screening and cohort care decrease carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in Vietnamese pediatric ICU's. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:128. [PMID: 34462014 PMCID: PMC8404250 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess if admission screening for Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and cohort care can reduce CRE acquisition (CRE colonization during hospital stay), Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), hospital-stay, mortality, and costs in three Intensive Care Units (ICU’s) at the Vietnamese National Children’s Hospital. Method CRE screening using rectal swabs and ChromIDCarbas elective culture at admission and if CRE negative, once weekly. Patients were treated in cohorts based on CRE colonization status. Results CRE colonization at baseline point-prevalence screening was 76.9% (103/134). Of 941 CRE screened at admission, 337 (35.8%) were CREpos. 694 patients met inclusion criteria. The 244 patients CRE negative at admission and screened > 2 times were stratified in 8 similar size groups (periods), based on time of admission. CRE acquisition decreased significant (OR − 3.2, p < 0.005) from 90% in period 2 (highest) to 48% in period 8 (last period). Patients with CRE acquisition compared to no CRE acquisition had a significantly higher rate of culture confirmed HAI, n = 20 (14%) vs. n = 2 (2%), longer hospital stays, 3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks, and higher total treatment costs, 2852 vs. 2295 USD. Conclusion Admission CRE screening and cohort care in pediatric ICU’s significantly decreased CRE acquisition, cases of HAI and duration of hospital-stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Garpvall
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Duong
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - S Linnros
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T N Quốc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - D Mucchiano
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Modeen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Lagercrantz
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Edman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N K Le
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Research Institute for Child Health, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - T Huong
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - N T B Hoang
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - H T Le
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - D Tk Khu
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - D M Tran
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Research Institute for Child Health, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - P H Phuc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Research Institute for Child Health, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
| | - H Hanberger
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Olson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 8fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Larsson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden - Vietnam, 18 ngõ 879 Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, Vietnam
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Nguyen QT, Kim D, Iamsawat S, Le HT, Kim S, Qiu KT, Hinds TD, Bazeley P, O'Shea JJ, Choi J, Asosingh K, Erzurum SC, Min B. Cutting Edge: Steroid Responsiveness in Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Determines Steroid Sensitivity during Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. J Immunol 2021; 207:765-770. [PMID: 34301840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a highly effective first-line treatment option for many inflammatory diseases, including asthma. Some patients develop a steroid-resistant condition, yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying steroid resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we used a murine model of steroid-resistant airway inflammation and report that combining systemic dexamethasone and intranasal IL-27 is able to reverse the inflammation. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were required during dexamethasone/IL-27 treatment of steroid-resistant allergic inflammation, and importantly, direct stimulation of Tregs via glucocorticoid or IL-27 receptors was essential. Mechanistically, IL-27 stimulation in Tregs enhanced expression of the agonistic glucocorticoid receptor-α isoform. Overexpression of inhibitory glucocorticoid receptor-β isoform in Tregs alone was sufficient to elicit steroid resistance in a steroid-sensitive allergic inflammation model. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Tregs are instrumental during steroid resistance and that manipulating steroid responsiveness in Tregs may represent a novel strategy to treat steroid refractory asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Supinya Iamsawat
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Kevin T Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Booki Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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8
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Kim D, Nguyen QT, Lee J, Lee SH, Janocha A, Kim S, Le HT, Dvorina N, Weiss K, Cameron MJ, Asosingh K, Erzurum SC, Baldwin WM, Lee JS, Min B. Anti-inflammatory Roles of Glucocorticoids Are Mediated by Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells via a miR-342-Dependent Mechanism. Immunity 2020; 53:581-596.e5. [PMID: 32707034 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay treatment option for inflammatory conditions. Despite the broad usage of GC, the mechanisms by which GC exerts its effects remain elusive. Here, utilizing murine autoimmune and allergic inflammation models, we report that Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are irreplaceable GC target cells in vivo. Dexamethasone (Dex) administered in the absence of Treg cells completely lost its ability to control inflammation, and the lack of glucocorticoid receptor in Treg cells alone resulted in the loss of therapeutic ability of Dex. Mechanistically, Dex induced miR-342-3p specifically in Treg cells and miR-342-3p directly targeted the mTORC2 component, Rictor. Altering miRNA-342-3p or Rictor expression in Treg cells dysregulated metabolic programming in Treg cells, controlling their regulatory functions in vivo. Our results uncover a previously unknown contribution of Treg cells during glucocorticoid-mediated treatment of inflammation and the underlying mechanisms operated via the Dex-miR-342-Rictor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230
| | - Allison Janocha
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Kelly Weiss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.
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9
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Le HT, Keslar K, Nguyen QT, Blazar BR, Hamilton BK, Min B. Interleukin-27 Enforces Regulatory T Cell Functions to Prevent Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32117306 PMCID: PMC7028690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), associated with significant morbidity and mortality. GvHD is characterized by dysregulated immune responses and resulting tissue damage of target organs. Recent investigations have focused on Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a therapeutic tool, based on its regulatory functions in GvHD pathogenesis and their instrumental role in mitigating GvHD severity while preserving graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) activity. There are several challenges to its clinical application, including their paucity, impaired suppressive activity, and instability in vivo. Herein, we report that IL-27 pre-stimulation enhances suppressive functions of both mouse and human Tregs. In a complete MHC mismatched murine bone marrow transplant model, IL-27 pre-stimulated polyclonal iTregs diminish acute (a)GvHD lethality, while preserving the GvL effect. Allo-antigen specificity further improves suppressive functions when combined with IL-27 pre-stimulation. In a xenogeneic (human to mouse) GvHD model, IL-27 pre-stimulated human iTregs are superior in protecting recipients from GvHD. Lastly, we compared gene expression profiles of circulating Tregs isolated from HCT recipients with and without aGvHD and found that Tregs from aGvHD patients express distinct gene signatures enriched in immune activation and inflammation. Therefore, these results highlight a novel function of IL-27 in enforcing Treg functions to prevent aGvHD mediated lethality, proposing the hypothesis that dysregulated Treg functions may account for the potential mechanisms underlying GvHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Karen Keslar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Betty K Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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10
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Le HT, Atif J, Mara DL, Castellana B, Treissman J, Baltayeva J, Beristain AG. ADAM8 localizes to extravillous trophoblasts within the maternal-fetal interface and potentiates trophoblast cell line migration through a β1 integrin-mediated mechanism. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:495-509. [PMID: 30124911 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) control extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation and migration in early human placental development? SUMMARY ANSWER ADAM8 mRNA preferentially localizes to invasive HLA-G-positive trophoblasts, associates with the acquirement of an EVT phenotype and promotes trophoblast migration through a mechanism requiring β1-integrin. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Placental establishment in the first trimester of pregnancy requires the differentiation of progenitor trophoblasts into invasive EVTs that produce a diverse repertoire of proteases that facilitate matrix remodeling and activation of signaling pathways important in controlling cell migration. While multiple ADAM proteases, including ADAM8, are highly expressed by invasive trophoblasts, the role of ADAM8 in controlling EVT-related processes is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION First trimester placental villi and decidua (6-12 weeks' gestation), primary trophoblasts and trophoblastic cell lines (JEG3, JAR, Bewo, HTR8/SVNeo) were used to examine ADAM8 expression, localization and function. All experiments were performed on at least three independent occasions (n = 3). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Placental villi and primary trophoblasts derived from IRB approved first trimester placental (n = 24) and decidual (n = 4) were used to examine ADAM8 localization and expression by in situ RNAScope hybridization, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and immunoblot analyses. Primary trophoblasts were differentiated into EVT-like cells by plating on fibronectin and were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis of keratin-7, vimentin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HLA-G and ADAM8. ADAM8 function was examined in primary EVTs and trophoblastic cell lines utilizing siRNA-directed silencing and over-expression strategies. Trophoblast migration was assessed using Transwell chambers, cell-matrix binding was tested using fibronectin-adhesion assays, and ADAM8-β1-integrin interactions were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation experiments and function-promoting/inhibiting antibodies. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Within first trimester placental tissues, ADAM8 preferentially localized to HLA-G+ trophoblasts residing within anchoring columns and decidua. Functional experiments in primary trophoblasts and trophoblastic cell lines show that ADAM8 promotes trophoblast migration through a mechanism independent of intrinsic protease activity. We show that ADAM8 localizes to peri-nuclear and cell-membrane actin-rich structures during cell-matrix attachment and promotes trophoblast binding to fibronectin matrix. Moreover, ADAM8 potentiates β1-integrin activation and promotes cell migration through a mechanism dependent on β1-integrin function. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The primary limitation of this study was the use of in vitro experiments in examining ADAM8 function, as well as the implementation of immortalized trophoblastic cell lines. Histological localization of ADAM8 within placental and decidual tissue sections was limited to mRNA level analysis. Further, patient information corresponding to tissues obtained by elective terminations was not available. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The novel non-proteolytic pro-migratory role for ADAM8 in controlling trophoblast migration revealed by this study sheds insight into the importance of ADAM8 in EVT biology and placental development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC-Discovery Grant) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR-Open Operating Grant). There are no conflicts or competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Atif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D L Mara
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada
| | - B Castellana
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Treissman
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Baltayeva
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A G Beristain
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, Canada
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11
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Kim D, Le HT, Nguyen QT, Kim S, Lee J, Min B. Cutting Edge: IL-27 Attenuates Autoimmune Neuroinflammation via Regulatory T Cell/Lag3-Dependent but IL-10-Independent Mechanisms In Vivo. J Immunol 2019; 202:1680-1685. [PMID: 30700587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 regulates immune responses in inflammation. The underlying mechanism of IL-27 functions has long been attributed to its ability to induce IL-10 production in activated CD4 T cells. In this study, we report that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main target cells of IL-27, mediating its immunoregulatory functions in vivo. Systemically delivered IL-27 efficiently prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. However, it failed to do so upon Treg depletion. IL-27 signaling in Tregs was necessary, as transferring Tregs deficient in IL-27Rα or Lag3, a downstream molecule induced by IL-27, was unable to protect mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. IL-27 efficiently induced IL-10 expression in CD4 T cells in vitro; however, we found no evidence supporting IL-27-induced IL-10 induction in CD4 T cells in vivo. Taken together, our results uncover an irreplaceable contribution of Tregs during IL-27-mediated control of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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12
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Nguyen QT, Jang E, Le HT, Kim S, Kim D, Dvorina N, Aronica MA, Baldwin WM, Asosingh K, Comhair S, Min B. IL-27 targets Foxp3+ Tregs to mediate antiinflammatory functions during experimental allergic airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123216. [PMID: 30674714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ CD4 Tregs are central regulators of inflammation, including allergic inflammation in the lung. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory factors undermine adequate Treg functions and homeostasis, resulting in prolonged and exacerbated inflammation. Therefore, identifying the factors is of the utmost important. IL-27 is an antiinflammatory cytokine implicated in immune regulation and tolerance. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying IL-27-mediated immune regulation in vivo remain largely unknown. Utilizing a cockroach antigen-induced allergic inflammation model in mice, we sought to test the roles of Tregs during IL-27-mediated regulation of allergic inflammation. Intranasally delivered IL-27 significantly reduced the development of airway inflammation. Unexpectedly, the IL-27-induced reduction occurred only in the presence of Tregs. Il27ra-/- and Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice developed severe airway inflammation, and IL-27 treatment had little impact on diminishing the inflammatory responses. IL-27-induced treatment was restored following transfer of WT Tregs but not of Tregs deficient in Lag3, a molecule induced by IL-27 in Tregs. Finally, Tregs from asthmatic patients exhibited blunted STAT1 phosphorylation following IL-27 stimulation. Taken together, our results uncover that Tregs are the primary target cells of IL-27 in vivo to mediate its antiinflammatory functions, suggesting that altered IL-27 responsiveness in Tregs may underlie inadequate Treg functions and perpetuation of inflammation.
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13
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Abstract
Exfoliating infected bladder epithelium is a powerful host defense mechanism that reduces bacterial burden. In this issue of Immunity, Choi et al. (2016) present a function of mast cells that orchestrates the infected epithelial cell exfoliation via cytolytic granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnga T Le
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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14
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Le HT, Lee JW, Park SC, Jeong JW, Jung W, Lim CW, Kim KP, Kim TW. Triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster-resin conjugate: an enrichment material for phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10459-10462. [PMID: 28890969 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UltraLink was functionalized with a triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster (CCC) which provides a well-oriented, multivalent, positively charged binding site for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. MALDI TOF MS and LC ESI MS/MS MRM analysis of spiked PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in lipid extract suggest that triazolium CCC-UltraLink conjugate can be used as an enrichment material for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - S C Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - J W Jeong
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - W Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Lim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science and Nano-technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - T W Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trophoblast progenitor cell differentiation towards the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) lineage initiates within proximal regions of anchoring columns of first trimester placental villi. While molecular processes controlling the initial stages of progenitor cell differentiation along the EVT pathway have been described, much remains unknown about factors important in distal column cell differentiation into invasive EVTs. ADAMs are proteases that regulate growth factor signaling, cell-matrix adhesion, and matrix proteolysis, and thus impact many processes relevant in placentation. Global gene expression studies identified the ADAM subtype, ADAM28, to be highly expressed in EVT-like trophoblasts, suggesting that it may play a role in EVT function. This study aims to test the functional importance of ADAM28 in column cell outgrowth and maintenance. METHODS ADAM28 mRNA levels and protein localization were determined by qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses in purified placental villi cell populations and tissues. ADAM28 function in trophoblast column outgrowth was examined using ADAM28-targetting siRNAs in Matrigel-imbedded placental explant cultures. RESULTS Within placental villi, ADAM28 mRNA levels were highest in HLA-G+ column trophoblasts, and consistent with this, ADAM28 was preferentially localized to HLA-G+ trophoblasts within distal anchoring columns and decidual tissue. siRNA-directed loss of ADAM28 impaired trophoblast column outgrowth and resulted in increased apoptosis in matrix-invading trophoblasts. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that ADAM28 promotes column outgrowth by providing survival cues within anchoring column cells. This study also provides insight into a possible role for ADAM28 in driving differentiation of column trophoblasts into invasive HLA-G+ EVT subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C De Luca
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H T Le
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D L Mara
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A G Beristain
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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16
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Periasamy S, Le HT, Duffy EB, Chin H, Harton JA. Inflammasome-Independent NLRP3 Restriction of a Protective Early Neutrophil Response to Pulmonary Tularemia. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006059. [PMID: 27926940 PMCID: PMC5142794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis (Ft) causes a frequently fatal, acute necrotic pneumonia in humans and animals. Following lethal Ft infection in mice, infiltration of the lungs by predominantly immature myeloid cells and subsequent myeloid cell death drive pathogenesis and host mortality. However, following sub-lethal Ft challenge, more mature myeloid cells are elicited and are protective. In addition, inflammasome-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 are important for protection. As Nlrp3 appears dispensable for resistance to infection with Francisella novicida, we considered its role during infection with the virulent Type A strain SchuS4 and the attenuated Type B live vaccine strain LVS. Here we show that both in vitro macrophage and in vivo IL-1β and IL-18 responses to Ft LVS and SchuS4 involve both the Aim2 and Nlrp3 inflammasomes. However, following lethal infection with Francisella, IL-1r-, Caspase-1/11-, Asc- and Aim2-deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility as expected, while Nlrp3-deficient mice were more resistant. Despite reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18, in the absence of Nlrp3, Ft infected mice have dramatically reduced lung pathology, diminished recruitment and death of immature myeloid cells, and reduced bacterial burden in comparison to wildtype and inflammasome-deficient mice. Further, increased numbers of mature neutrophil appear in the lung early during lethal Ft infection in Nlrp3-deficient mice. Finally, Ft infection induces myeloid and lung stromal cell death that in part requires Nlrp3, is necrotic/necroptotic in nature, and drives host mortality. Thus, Nlrp3 mediates an inflammasome-independent process that restricts the appearance of protective mature neutrophils and promotes lethal necrotic lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Hongnga T. Le
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ellen B. Duffy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Heather Chin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Harton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Delabouglise A, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Phan TD, Dao DC, Nguyen TT, Truong BD, Nguyen XNT, Vu TD, Nguyen KV, Le HT, Salem G, Peyre M. The Perceived Value of Passive Animal Health Surveillance: The Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:112-28. [PMID: 26146982 PMCID: PMC4758386 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Economic evaluations are critical for the assessment of the efficiency and sustainability of animal health surveillance systems and the improvement of their efficiency. Methods identifying and quantifying costs and benefits incurred by public and private actors of passive surveillance systems (i.e. actors of veterinary authorities and private actors who may report clinical signs) are needed. This study presents the evaluation of perceived costs and benefits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) passive surveillance in Vietnam. Surveys based on participatory epidemiology methods were conducted in three provinces in Vietnam to collect data on costs and benefits resulting from the reporting of HPAI suspicions to veterinary authorities. A quantitative tool based on stated preference methods and participatory techniques was developed and applied to assess the non-monetary costs and benefits. The study showed that poultry farmers are facing several options regarding the management of HPAI suspicions, besides reporting the following: treatment, sale or destruction of animals. The option of reporting was associated with uncertain outcome and transaction costs. Besides, actors anticipated the release of health information to cause a drop of markets prices. This cost was relevant at all levels, including farmers, veterinary authorities and private actors of the upstream sector (feed, chicks and medicine supply). One benefit associated with passive surveillance was the intervention of public services to clean farms and the environment to limit the disease spread. Private actors of the poultry sector valued information on HPAI suspicions (perceived as a non-monetary benefit) which was mainly obtained from other private actors and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delabouglise
- AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-French Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.,LADYSS, Enjeux Sanitaires et Territoires, CNRS, University Paris-ouest Nanterre-La Défense, Nanterre, France
| | - N Antoine-Moussiaux
- AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-French Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.,FARAH-Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - T D Phan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D C Dao
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T T Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B D Truong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - X N T Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T D Vu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - K V Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H T Le
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - G Salem
- LADYSS, Enjeux Sanitaires et Territoires, CNRS, University Paris-ouest Nanterre-La Défense, Nanterre, France
| | - M Peyre
- AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-French Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Kim J, Kim W, Le HT, Moon UJ, Tran VG, Kim HJ, Jung S, Nguyen QT, Kim BS, Jun JB, Cho HR, Kwon B. IL-33-induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization depends upon CCR2. J Immunol 2014; 193:3792-802. [PMID: 25143444 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, atopic allergy, anaphylaxis, and other inflammatory diseases by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines or Th2 immune responses. In this study, we analyzed the in vivo effect of IL-33 administration. IL-33 markedly promoted myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and myeloid cell emigration. Concomitantly, IL-33 induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. HSPC mobilization was mediated mainly through increased levels of CCL7 produced by vascular endothelial cells in response to IL-33. In vivo treatment of IL-33 rapidly induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, and inhibition of these signaling molecules completely blocked the production of CCL7 induced by IL-33. Consistently, inhibitor of CCR2 markedly reduced IL-33-mediated HSPC mobilization in vivo and migration of HSPCs in response to CCL7 in vitro. IL-33-mobilized HSPCs were capable of homing to, and of long-term reconstitution in, the bone marrow of irradiated recipients. Immune cells derived from these recipients had normal antifungal activity. The ability of IL-33 to promote migration of HSPCs and myeloid cells into the periphery and to regulate their antifungal activity represents a previously unrecognized role of IL-33 in innate immunity. These properties of IL-33 have clinical implications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714
| | - Hongnga T Le
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - U J Moon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Vuvi G Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Hyun J Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Soyeon Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Quang-Tam Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Byung-Sam Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714; and
| | - Hong R Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 682-714; School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 680-749;
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Abstract
Upon activation Nod-like receptors (NLRs) assemble into multi-protein complexes such as the NODosome and inflammasome. This process relies upon homo domain interactions between the structurally related Pyrin and caspase-recruitment (CARD) domains and adaptor proteins, such as ASC, or effector proteins, such as caspase-1. Although a variety of NLRP and NLRC complexes have been described along with their activating stimuli and associated proteins, less familiar are processes limiting assembly and/or promoting dissociation of NLR complexes. Given the importance of limiting harmful, chronic inflammation, such regulatory mechanisms are significant and likely numerous. Proteins comprised of a solitary Pyrin domain (Pyrin-only) or CARD domain (CARD-only) posses an obvious potential ability to act as competitive inhibitors of NLR complexes. Indeed, both Pyrin-only proteins (POPs) and CARD-only proteins (COPs) have been described as regulators of caspase-1 and/or NLR-inflammasome activation and not surprisingly as factors mediating pathogenesis. Although clear examples of pathogen encoded POPs are currently limited to members of the poxviridae, the human genome likely encodes three POPs (POP1, POP2, and a potential POP3), of which only POP2 is known to prevent NLR:ASC interaction, and three COPs (COP/Pseudo-ICE, INCA, and ICEBERG), initially described for their ability to inhibit caspase-1 activity. Surprisingly, among eukaryotic species POPs and COPs appear to be evolutionarily recent and restricted to higher primates, suggesting strong selective pressures driving their emergence. Despite the importance of understanding the regulation of NLR functions, relatively little attention has been devoted to revealing the biological impact of these intriguing proteins. This review highlights the current state of our understanding of POPs and COPs with attention to protein interaction, functions, evolution, implications for health and disease, and outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnga T Le
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College , Albany, NY , USA ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
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Le HT, Tran VG, Kim W, Kim J, Cho HR, Kwon B. IL-33 Priming Regulates Multiple Steps of the Neutrophil-Mediated Anti-Candida albicansResponse by Modulating TLR and Dectin-1 Signals. J I 2012; 189:287-95. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Croyle MA, Le HT, Linse KD, Cerullo V, Toietta G, Beaudet A, Pastore L. PEGylated helper-dependent adenoviral vectors: highly efficient vectors with an enhanced safety profile. Gene Ther 2005; 12:579-87. [PMID: 15647765 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transgene expression from helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vectors is effective and long lasting, but not permanent. Their use is also limited by the host response against capsid proteins that precludes successful gene expression upon readministration. In this report, we test the hypothesis that PEGylation of HD-Ad reduces its toxicity and promotes transgene expression upon readministration. PEGylation did not compromise transduction efficiency in vitro and in vivo and reduced peak serum IL-6 levels two-fold. IL-12 and TNF-alpha levels were reduced three- and seven-fold, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was not detected in mice treated with the PEGylated vector. Serum transaminases were not significantly elevated in mice treated with either vector. Mice immunized with 1 x 10(11) particles of unmodified HD-Ad expressing human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hA1AT) were rechallenged 28 days later with 8 x 10(10) particles of unmodified or PEG-conjugated vector expressing beta-galactosidase. Trace levels of beta-galactosidase (52.23+/-19.2 pg/mg protein) were detected in liver homogenates of mice that received two doses of unmodified HD-Ad. Mice rechallenged with PEGylated HD-Ad produced significant levels of beta-galactosidase (5.1+/-0.4 x 10(5) pg/mg protein, P=0.0001). This suggests that PEGylation of HD-Ad vectors may be appropriate for their safe and efficient use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Croyle
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Guillemant J, Le HT, Maria A, Allemandou A, Pérès G, Guillemant S. Wintertime vitamin D deficiency in male adolescents: effect on parathyroid function and response to vitamin D3 supplements. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12:875-9. [PMID: 11716192 DOI: 10.1007/s001980170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first part of this study consisted of an 18 month follow-up of the vitamin D status and parathyroid function in a group of 54 French male adolescents, aged from 13 to 16 years old and all pupils of a jockey training school. During the 18 month period four samplings were made, one every 6 months. The first was during September of the first year, the second and third during March and October of the second year, and the last in March of the third year. Therefore we had two main periods: summer and winter. The summer 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were higher (71.6 +/- 19.9 and 52.4 +/- 16.5 nmol/l) than the winter ones (20.4 +/- 6.9 and 21.4 +/- 6.1 nmol/l). Conversely, the winter intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) serum levels (4.18 +/- 1.18 and 4.11 +/- 1.35 pmol/l) were higher than the summer ones (2.44 +/- 0.82 and 2.71 +/- 0.71 pmol/l). At the two winter time points the 25(OH)D concentrations were lower than 25 nmol/l (10 ng/ml) in 72% (2nd year) and 68% (3rd year) of the adolescents. In the second part of the study we tried a vitamin D3 supplementation procedure designed to maintain the 25(OH)D and iPTH postsummer serum levels throughout the winter. Pairs of male adolescents matched for height, weight and Tanner pubertal stage were randomly assigned to either vitamin D3 supplementation (2.5 mg, i.e., 100,000 IU) administered orally at three specific periods (end of September, November and January) or no vitamin D3 treatment (control subjects). Blood was collected just before the first intake of vitamin D3 and 2 months after the last intake (March). The control subjects had blood drawn at the same time points. In the vitamin D3-treated subjects, the concentrations of 25 (OH)D (55.3 +/- 11.5 nmol/l) and of iPTH (3.09 +/- 1.16 pmol/l) in March and September (53.8 +/- 12.3 nmol/l and 2.75 +/- 1.26 pmol/l) were not significantly different. In the control subjects, March 25(OH)D levels (21.0 +/- nmol/l were low, with values below 25 nmol/l in 78% of subjects, and iPTH concentrations (3.97 +/- 1.08 pmol/l) were significantly (p<0.001) higher than in September (2.91 +/- 0.81 pmol/l). The constant vitamin D wintertime deficiency and wintertime rise in iPTH in adolescent French males throughout puberty has been demonstrated. In adolescents with low dairy calcium intakes, the vitamin D3 treatment was sufficient to maintain 25(OH)D concentrations at their summer levels throughout winter and to prevent an excessive wintertime rise in iPTH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guillemant
- Service de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Guillemant J, Le HT, Accarie C, du Montcel ST, Delabroise AM, Arnaud MJ, Guillemant S. Mineral water as a source of dietary calcium: acute effects on parathyroid function and bone resorption in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:999-1002. [PMID: 10731509 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.4.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is a major component of mineralized tissues and is required for normal growth and maintenance of bone. Epidemiologic studies showed that a large percentage of the population fails to meet the currently recommended guidelines for optimal calcium intake. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine whether high-calcium mineral water is an efficient additional source of dietary calcium. DESIGN Twelve healthy young men (mean +/- SD age: 21.1 +/- 1.2 y) ingested in a randomized order either 0.5 L of a mineral water containing 344 mg Ca/L or 0.5 L of a mineral water with a very low concentration of calcium (<10 mg/L) as a control. Blood samples were drawn before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after intake of the water. Urine was collected for 2 h before and every 2 h for 4 h after ingestion of the water. Serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and serum concentrations and urinary excretion of a recently developed biochemical marker of bone resorption, type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTx), were measured. RESULTS Serum iPTH was significantly (P < 0.002) lower after ingestion of high-calcium water than after ingestion of the control. There was a significant (P = 0.01) progressive decrease in urinary CTx after ingestion of the high-calcium water, whereas after ingestion of low-calcium water the changes were modest and not significant. The fall in serum CTx concentrations was 34.7% 3 h after ingestion of high-calcium water, compared with 17.6% with the control. The decreases in serum CTx concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after ingestion of high-calcium water than after ingestion of the control. CONCLUSION The present study showed that one oral intake of water containing a very moderate dose of calcium (172 mg) acutely inhibited iPTH secretion and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guillemant
- Service de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
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Abstract
The vitamin D status was determined on one to four occasions either after summer (September-October) or after winter (March-April) in 175 male adolescents (13-17 years), resulting in 394 measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). The subjects lived in a rural area to the north of Paris (49 degrees N). After summer the 25(OH)D concentration was 58.5 +/- 18.0 nmol/l (mean +/- SD), while after winter it had fallen to 20.6 +/-6.0 nmol/l (p = 0.0001). Meanwhile the iPTH concentration was 2.76 +/- 0.97 pmol/l (mean +/- SD) after summer and increased to 4.20 +/- 1.21 pmol/l after winter (p = 0. 0001). All the results were pooled and a nonlinear population model with random parameters was used to describe the relationship between serum iPTH and 25(OH)D. When the concentration of 25(OH)D was higher than 83 nmol/l, an iPTH mean 'plateau' level at 2.48 pmol/l was reached. When 25(OH)D concentrations fell below 83 nmol/l, the increase in iPTH concentration accelerates, and when the mean 25(OH)D concentration was equal to or lower than 10 nmol/l the mean iPTH level (4.97 pmol/l) was twice as high as the 'plateau' value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guillemant
- Service de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Abstract
Rats treated with quinoline, and to a lesser extent, isoquinoline (75 mg/kg, daily for 3 days) showed induction of phase II drug metabolizing enzyme activities without inducing either cytochrome P450 concentration or CYP1A-, CYP2B-, CYP2E-, and CYP3A-selective activities. Elevations of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, and morphine elicited by quinoline (1.9- to 2.7-fold), were greater than those elicited by isoquinoline (1.4- to 1.8-fold). UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards estrone and testosterone were not increased by either compound. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity was increased only by quinoline (2.7-fold). NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase activity was increased 2-fold by quinoline and isoquinoline. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased similarly (approximately 20%) by both agents. Similar treatment of rats with either quinine (75 mg/kg) or chloroquine (150 mg/kg) increased 1-naphthol glucuronidation and GST (quinine only) activities. At 75 mg/kg, chloroquine did not affect any phase II enzyme activities but caused a minor elevation of a phase I enzyme, CYP1A; ascertained from an elevation of 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity and a small hypsochromic shift to the absorbance maximum of the cytochrome P450 CO-complex. With quinoline and isoquinoline treatments (n = 14), the correlation coefficients (R) between microsomal epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 4-nitrophenol and morphine were 0.96 and 0.92 respectively, suggesting a highly coordinated induction. The highest NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase correlations were with microsomal epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 4-nitrophenol and morphine (R approximately 0.78). Correlation coefficients between GST and microsomal epoxide hydrolase and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase activities were approximately 0.49. Quinoline and isoquinoline, nitrogen heterocyclic analogs of naphthalene, join the list of simple nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic agents capable of selective induction of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. The position of the single heterocyclic nitrogen atom in the bicyclic ring influences the magnitude and breadth of the induction response. The addition of bulky ring substituents (quinine, chloroquine) reduced the induction response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Guillemant J, Le HT, Guillemant S, Delabroise AM, Arnaud MJ. Acute effects induced by a calcium-rich mineral water on calcium metabolism and on parathyroid function. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7:85-6. [PMID: 9102070 DOI: 10.1007/bf01623466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Le HT, Michelot R, Dumont M, Shukla VK, Mayer M, Nguyen KP, Ruan H, Lemaire S. Design of potent dynorphin A-(1-9) analogues devoid of supraspinal motor effects in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75:9-14. [PMID: 9101059 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-75-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Four analogues of dynorphin (Dyn) A-(1-9) incorporating D-Leu in position 8 alone or in combination with the nonhydrolysable psi [CS-NH] thiopeptide bond surrogate between positions 6 and 7 were tested in vitro for their ability to compete with the binding of selective kappa, mu, and delta opioid ligands, using membrane preparations of guinea pig cerebellum (kappa) and rat brain (mu and delta), for their ability to block the electrically induced contractions of the guinea pig ileum, and for their in vivo antinociceptive (writhing test) and motor (motor dysfunction assay) activities in mice. [D-Leu8]Dyn A-(1-9) displayed an affinity and a selectivity for the kappa opioid receptor that were comparable with those of Dyn A-(1-9). The potencies of [D-Leu8]Dyn A-(1-9) in the guinea pig ileum, writhing, and motor dysfunction assays were markedly enhanced (8-12 fold) compared with those of Dyn A-(1-9). [6 psi 7(CS-NH),D-Leu8]Dyn A-(1-9), [Lys6, 6 psi 7(CS-NH),D-Leu8] Dyn A-(1-9), and [Leu6, 6 psi 7(CS-NH), D-Leu8]Dyn A-(1-9) were somewhat less potent than [D-Leu8]Dyn A-(1-9) in all opioid assays. However, the thiopeptides were more potent analgesics than Dyn A-(1-9)(ED50 of 29.5, 23.9, and 15.5 nmol/mouse, respectively, compared with 90.7 nmol/mouse for Dyn A-(1-9)) and caused little or no motor impairment at analgesic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Institut de chimie des substances naturelles, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Le HT, Gallard JF, Mayer M, Guittet E, Michelot R. Use of BOP-Cl in the presence of Boc-amino monothioacids for the thioacylation of imino acid residues. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:2201-9. [PMID: 9022983 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BOP-Cl was found to be an efficient coupling reagent for the introduction of thiopeptide bonds on imino acid residues (Pro, Sar). Boc-amino monothioacids were coupled at moderate temperature (0 degree C-RT) with fair yields and with retained optical purity. The mechanism of the coupling reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Natural Products Chemistry Institute, C.N.R.S., Gif sur Yvette, France
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Le HT, Lamb JG, Franklin MR. Drug metabolizing enzyme induction by benzoquinolines, acridine, and quinacrine; tricyclic aromatic molecules containing a single heterocyclic nitrogen. J Biochem Toxicol 1996; 11:297-303. [PMID: 9176741 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7146(1996)11:6<297::aid-jbt5>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rats were treated with nitrogen-containing phenanthrene (3,4-, 5,6-, or 7,8-benzoquinoline) or anthracene (acridine or quinacrine) derivatives at a dose of 75 mg/kg, daily for 3 days. The hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme response ranged from no induction (quinacrine) through low (5,6-benzoquinoline), intermediate (acridine), and high (3,4-benzoquinoline) magnitude increases of only phase II enzymes, to induction of both phase I and phase II enzymes (7,8-benzoquinoline). The phase I enzyme response of 7,8-benzoquinoline was an induction of CYP1A. All three benzoquinolines, but neither anthracene derivative, elevated NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase activity. A similar pattern but of lesser magnitude was seen with glutathione S-transferase activity. 3,4-Benzoquinoline was the only agent to significantly increase microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity (2,3-fold). Both 3,4- and 7,8-benzoquinoline increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward 4-nitrophenol (40% and 70%, respectively), but only the 3,4-isomer increased activity toward morphine (75%), diclofenac (75%), and testosterone (23%), and only the 7,8-isomer increased activity toward chloramphenicol (105%). 3,4-Benzoquinoline elevated the hepatic mRNA concentration of UGT2B1 but not UGT1*6. Acridine treatment increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward morphine (47%), 1-naphthol (28%), testosterone (19%), and estrone (19%). Quinacrine failed to elevate any UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity and depressed activities toward testosterone and estrone by 20%. This study shows that some tricyclic aromatic compounds containing a single heterocyclic nitrogen atom have the potential for use as chemoprotective agents based upon their ability to selectively induce only phase II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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Le HT, Mayer M, Thoret S, Michelot R. Incorporation of thioamide linkages into a growing peptide under SPPS conditions improved by salt effects. Int J Pept Protein Res 1995; 45:138-44. [PMID: 7782161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid methyl dithioesters may be coupled in the presence of DMAP and salts to a growing peptide chain on a polymeric resin with high coupling yields and low racemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Movahedi H, Le HT, Spanggord HM, Purdy RE. Effect of alpha adrenergic agonist on the rabbit ear artery contraction to serotonin: enhanced response mediated by serotonergic1-like receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 272:364-70. [PMID: 7815353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of methoxamine or phenylephrine (PHE) on the contractile response of the rabbit ear artery to serotonin was assessed by using isolated arterial rings mounted in tissue baths for the measurement of isometric force development. A contractile threshold concentration of methoxamine or PHE (10-30 nM) shifted the serotonin concentration-response curve to the left by approximately 200-fold. Neither mechanical removal of the vascular endothelium nor chemical denervation had any effect on the alpha agonist-amplified response of ear artery to serotonin. Although the response to serotonin in the absence of the alpha agonist was mediated primarily by alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, prazosin did not block the amplified response to serotonin. Ketanserin (10 nM), ritanserin (50 nM) and MDL 72222 (1 microM) also had no effect on the amplified response, ruling out the involvement of serotonergic (5-HT)2 and 5-HT3 receptors. However, methiothepin (3 nM) and 1-(1-naphthyl)piperazine (10 and 100 nM) blocked the PHE-amplified contraction of ear artery to serotonin. When the contractile response of ear artery to 5-carboxamidotryptamine was measured in the presence of a threshold concentration of alpha agonist, the concentration-response curve was shifted 8300-fold to the left. The amplified response to 5-carboxyamidotryptamine was insensitive to 10 nM ketanserin, but was blocked by 3 nM methiothepin. Sumatriptan, a selective 5-HT1 agonist, failed to induce vasoconstriction in the absence of a threshold concentration of alpha agonist. However, in the presence of PHE, sumatriptan induced a concentration-dependent contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Movahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
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Garcia DP, Corbett ML, Eberly SM, Joyce MR, Le HT, Karibo JM, Pence HL, Nguyen KL. Radiographic imaging studies in pediatric chronic sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 94:523-30. [PMID: 8083458 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of chronic sinusitis is dependent on the radiographic evidence of sinus disease. METHODS We evaluated the performance of radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans for the examination of the paranasal sinuses of 91 patients of both sexes, ranging in age from 2 to 17 years, who had chronic upper respiratory tract symptoms for at least 3 months. The CT scan findings were categorized as no disease; minimal disease, and mild, moderate, and severe sinusitis. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (63%) had chronic sinusitis: CT scan abnormalities were minimal in 17%, mild in 19%, moderate in 21%, and severe in 43%. There was a statistically significant correlation between rhinorrhea (r = 0.25, p = 0.01), cough (r = 0.27, p = 0.009), and the severity of sinus abnormality as determined by CT scan. Clinical presentation in the mild, moderate, and severe sinusitis groups (p < 0.05) was significantly different from that of the no disease group, whereas the minimal disease group had subclinical presentation (p = 0.11). Clinically significant chronic sinusitis often occurred at multiple sites: 44% of patients had pansinusitis, 50% had disease involvement of at least two sinuses, and 6% had disease in a single sinus. When sinus radiographs were compared with CT scans (n = 70 cases), radiographs could not identify minimal disease. For clinically significant sinusitis, sinus radiographs detected disease in 1 of 5 (20%) frontal sinuses, 0 of 12 (0%) sphenoidal sinuses, and 17 of 31 (54%) ethmoidal sinuses. With the minimal criteria of 40% to 50% opacification or fluid level filling of the maxillary antrum, radiographs detected disease in 37 of 49 (75%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity for a Waters view to confirm clinically significant chronic sinusitis without specifying the sites and severity were acceptable at 76% and 81%, respectively. When limited sinus CT scans were compared with full CT evaluation (n = 49 cases), limited studies detected 5 of 5 (100%) frontal, 9 of 11 (82%) sphenoidal, 14 of 19 (73%) ethmoidal, and 39 of 40 (97%) cases of maxillary sinusitis. The overall agreement was 88%. CONCLUSIONS A single Waters view is an acceptable part of the initial evaluation of pediatric chronic sinusitis; however, a limited CT scan is a better alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
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Le HT, Bosse GM, Tsai Y. Ibuprofen overdose complicated by renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and metabolic acidosis. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994; 32:315-20. [PMID: 8007040 DOI: 10.3109/15563659409017966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute ingestion of ibuprofen commonly results in no symptoms, or minor gastrointestinal or central nervous system manifestations. While most cases of ibuprofen overdose do well, serious toxicity may occur, and is difficult to predict. A case of ibuprofen overdose is presented in which the course was complicated by metabolic acidosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and renal failure necessitating prolonged dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Le
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, KY 40292
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Nguyen KL, Corbett ML, Garcia DP, Eberly SM, Massey EN, Le HT, Shearer LT, Karibo JM, Pence HL. Chronic sinusitis among pediatric patients with chronic respiratory complaints. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92:824-30. [PMID: 8258616 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(93)90059-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence of chronic sinusitis among children who presented to allergy clinics with chronic (> or = 3 months) respiratory symptoms. Ninety-one patients, ranging from 2 to 17 years of age with 62% male and 72% white, completed the study. Fifty-nine percent of patients had positive skin test results, and 25.3% had chronic asthma. Paranasal sinuses were examined by coronal sinus computed tomographic scan. Sixty-three percent (58 to 91) had chronic sinusitis, 5.5% (5 of 91) had concha bullosa, 1% (1 of 91) had foreign body, and 19% (19 of 91) had deviated nasal septums. Among symptoms of sneezing, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, coughing, wheezing, rhinorrhea, and headache, no single symptom was an acceptable predictor of abnormality on computed tomographic scan examinations. Combining the symptoms of moderate to severe rhinorrhea and cough with minimum sneezing had a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 38% in predicting the presence of chronic sinusitis. Allergic rhinitis (p = 0.27), mild deviated nasal septum (p = 0.11), unobstructive concha bullosa (p = 0.13), and passive exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.53) were not risk factors associated with sinus abnormalities. Age (r = 0.30, p = 0.004) in pediatric patients with chronic respiratory symptoms was the single risk factor significantly associated with abnormalities on sinus computed tomographic scan. Seventy-three percent of children 2 to 6 years of age, 74% of children 6 to 10 years of age, and 38% of children older than 10 had chronic sinusitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Kentucky 40202
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Piascik MT, Kusiak JW, Pitha J, Butler BT, Le HT, Babich M. Alkylation of alpha-1 receptors with a chemically reactive analog of prazosin reveals low affinity sites for norepinephrine in rabbit aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 246:1001-11. [PMID: 2843622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a newly synthesized irreversible blocker of the alpha-1 receptor [1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolnyl)-4-(2-bicyclo[2,2,2] octa-2,5-dienylcarbonyl)-piperazine; SZL-49] has been evaluated in contractile studies in rabbit aorta and binding studies in aorta and brain. SZL-49 produced long lasting inhibition of norepinephrine-induced contractions which was apparent 21 hr after drug washout. The inhibition, which was dose and time dependent, was characterized by progressive shift to the right in the norepinephrine dose-response curve. The ED50 for norepinephrine was shifted from 10(-7) M to 8 X 10(-7), 3 X 10(-6), 1 X 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-4) M after incubation (30 min) and washout of increasing concentrations of SZL-49. Surprisingly, SZL-49, irrespective of the dose or incubation time, did not decrease the maximal response of aortic rings to norepinephrine. This resulted in a norepinephrine dose-response curve after SZL-treatment that is parallel to the control. SZL-49 had no effect on the spasmogenic actions of histamine, serotonin, KCl or CaCl2. In contrast to the inhibitory pattern seen with SZL-49, incubation with 10(-7) M phenoxybenzamine shifted the norepinephrine dose-response curve to the right in a nonparallel manner and significantly depressed the maximal response obtainable with norepinephrine. Incubation with 10(-6) M phenoxybenzamine for 30 min virtually abolished the response to norepinephrine. Phenoxybenzamine (10(-7) M) was without effect on aortic rings treated with a maximally effective dose of SZL-49. Prazosin weakly antagonized the contractile actions of norepinephrine observed after SZL-49 treatment, whereas yohimbine was without effect on these norepinephrine-induced contractions. In control binding studies [3H]prazosin bound to two classes of sites in both aorta and brain preparations. Affinities and densities for these sites were K1 = 67.5 pM, K2 = 309 pM; R1 = 38.2 fmol/mg, R2 = 46.47 fmol/mg in aorta and K1 = 29.6 pM, K2 = 182 pM; R1 = 6.6 fmol/mg and R2 = 30.4 fmol/mg in brain. Treatment with increasing amounts of SZL-49 (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) progressively reduced the number of [3H]prazosin sites without altering the affinity of the sites remaining. At 10(-7) M, SZL-49 eliminated completely all specific [3H]prazosin binding. Our results indicate that the site mediating norepinephrine contraction after treatment with SZL-49 does not possess the characteristics of an alpha-1 receptor and supports the hypothesis that a low affinity site for norepinephrine and prazosin exists in vascular smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Piascik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington
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Abstract
A simple and effective ground electrode is described for use in human electrophysiological recordings. This electrode consists of a wire clip that holds a silver disc of 1 cm diameter which is clipped to the lower lip of the subject. It is found that this simple ground electrode reduced the background noise and/or stimulus artifact at least as effectively as other conventional grounding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Türker
- Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Johnson L, Matt KS, Bartke A, Nguyen HB, Le HT. Effect of photoperiod on the size of the Leydig cell population and the rate of recruitment of Leydig cells in adult Syrian hamsters. Biol Reprod 1987; 37:727-38. [PMID: 3676416 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod37.3.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of Leydig cells was determined by stereologic procedures in adult Syrian hamsters housed in long days (14L:10D) to maintain testicular activity (active), in short days (5L:19D) for 12-13 wk to induce testicular regression (photoperiod-induced regressed), or in short days for a period of 21 wk or more to allow spontaneous gonadal recrudescence (spontaneously recrudesced). Testes were removed, sliced, fixed, embedded in Epon 812, and observed by bright-field microscopy. Testicular and seminal vesicle weights, plasma testosterone concentration, total Leydig cell volume per testis, and volume of single Leydig cell were greater (p less than 0.01) in active and recrudesced animals than in regressed animals. The density of Leydig cells was greater in the regressed testes, but the total number per testis was not influenced by photoperiod. In Experiment 2, the rate of recruitment of Leydig cells was determined in 5 adult hamsters exposed to long days (active) or 5 hamsters whose testes were regressed by exposure of animals to short days for 13 wk followed by long-day exposure to initiate testicular growth (photoperiod-induced recrudescing). Hamsters were injected for 3 days/wk for 3 wk with tritiated thymidine, 0.5 or 1 microCi/g body weight. Testes were fixed and tissues prepared, as above, and processed for autoradiography. Again, the photoperiod did not influence the number of Leydig cells per testis. Labeling of Leydig cell nuclei revealed that recruitment of new Leydig cells occurred at approximately 1.3% per day in recrudescing testes but also occurred at approximately 0.6% per day in active testes. Without change in the total number of Leydig cells, new Leydig cells were added continually to the existing population in adult hamsters with either recrudescing or active testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4458
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Abstract
Rats trained to intravenously self-administer cocaine hydrochloride on a fixed ratio-5 schedule were subjected to a series of systemic injections of the D1 dopamine receptor selective antagonist SCH 23390 and the D2 dopamine receptor selective antagonist spiperone. SCH 23390 produced a dose-dependent increase in cocaine intake at doses of 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg, but the D2 antagonist failed to reliably increase responding except at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. These results suggest that the D1 antagonist may be more effective at blocking mesolimbic dopamine activity, and that selective D1 receptor activation may be an important component of psychostimulant reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Koob
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Le HT, Van Arsdel WC, Makowski AM, Pottala EW, Bailey JJ. Automated analysis of rodent three-channel electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1985; 32:43-50. [PMID: 3980028 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1985.325615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Baker BM, Baker CD, Le HT. Vocal quality, articulation and audiological characteristics of children and young adults with diagnosed allergies. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982; 91:277-80. [PMID: 7092048 DOI: 10.1177/000348948209100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study details vocal quality, articulation errors, and hearing disorders in 80 children and young adults with diagnosed allergies. Results indicated that almost 50% had abnormalities in vocal quality and/or articulation and 13% had reduced auditory acuity. Vocal quality disorders showed a significant relationship to bronchial asthma in association with other allergic reactions. All subjects with diminished hearing had allergic rhinitis either singly or in combination with another disorder. Findings suggest that bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis are related to the development of vocal quality disorders and that allergic rhinitis is associated with misarticulations and diminished hearing. The presence of speech sound omissions in allergic rhinitis patients above age 8 may predict the presence or previous history of fluctuating hearing loss.
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