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Appell M, Cantrell C, Cho J, Choi HJ, Chun HS, Doherty LA, Granvogl M, Karl JP, Kim Y, Kobori M, Lee KG, Liu L, Lu X, Mahalak KK, Morello M, Nabetani H, Ngo H, Park B, Sarker M, Soares J, Tunick M, Yadav M, Yokoyama W, Zhang G, Zheljazkov V. Resilience of Chemistry: An Introduction to the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Technical Program at the 262nd American Chemical Society National Hybrid Meeting & Exposition, Both Online and in Atlanta, Georgia. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10385-10388. [PMID: 36043276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the third special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (JAFC) based on the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division (AGFD) technical program, at the 262nd American Chemical Society National Meeting. This was the first national meeting held in a hybrid format, both virtually and in-person in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., on August 22-26, 2021. The AGFD proudly hosted 12 symposia, including three award symposia. There were 34 sessions held in total, with 143 oral presentations and 49 poster presentations. This meeting was highly successful in terms of attendance, and technology issues experienced at the previous virtual meetings were successfully resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appell
- Myotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Charles Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Thad Cochran Research Center, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jungeun Cho
- Strategy and Planning Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchiro, Namgu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchiro, Namgu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Laurel A Doherty
- Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, United States Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, RDNS-WSC-B, Kansas Street, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - James Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Building 42, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Youngmok Kim
- Group Quality and Analytical Science, Finlays, 81 Ocean State Drive, North Kingstown, Rhode Island 02852, United States
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dongguk University, 3-26 Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Food, Nutrition & Health 212, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karley K Mahalak
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Michael Morello
- Volatile Flavor Analysis/Global Research & Development, PepsiCo, Incorporated, Cary, Illinois 60013, United States
| | - Hiroshi Nabetani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan
| | - Helen Ngo
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Bosoon Park
- Quality & Safety Assessment Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, RBRRC, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Majher Sarker
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Jason Soares
- Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, United States Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, RDNS-WSC-B, Kansas Street, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Michael Tunick
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Madhav Yadav
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Wally Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Valtcho Zheljazkov
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, 430 Strand Agriculture Hall, Corvalis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Ha AJW, Siberio Perez LG, Kim TJ, Rahaman Mizan MF, Nahar S, Park SH, Chun HS, Ha SD. Research Note: Identification and characterization of Salmonella spp. in mechanically deboned chickens using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100961. [PMID: 33518318 PMCID: PMC7936188 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the common foodborne bacteria, causing 80.3 million illnesses every year worldwide. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Salmonella enterica serovars from poultry samples responsible for causing foodborne poisoning in the Mississippi area, United States. A total of 55 S. enterica serovars—Enteritidis (6), Oranienburg (1), Schwarzengrund (8), Heidelberg (4), Kentucky (22), 4, [5], 12:i:- (1), Montevideo (2), Infantis (9), and multi serotypes (2)—were isolated from approximately 110 poultry samples. Through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, 8 to 13 bands were obtained. The profiles showed >90% similarity in strains within the same type. Consequently, PFGE could be a useful tool to determine chromosomal similarity (clonality of strains) that can be used to trace down epidemiologic sources and geographical origins of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jie-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Korea
| | - Lurdes G Siberio Perez
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Tae-Jo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Korea
| | - Si-Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Hyang-Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Korea.
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Park JH, Kim YW, Jeong YS, Suh HJ, Chun HS, Lee GY, Lim HS, Lee C. An Improved Analytical Method for the Determination of Brown FK in Food using HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:409-415. [PMID: 29562249 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an improved analytical method for the detection of the colorant Brown FK in foods using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. The method, which employed an RC-C18 column and diode array detection at 254 nm with sodium acetate solution and methanol as mobile phases, exhibited good linearity (R2 = 1.0), and its limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.06 and 0.19 μg/mL, respectively. The precision was found to be 0-1.2% and the accuracy was between 86.5% and 94.8%. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was also performed to identify Brown FK in peaks. The pretreatment method was optimized for three different food sample groups, i.e., seafood, noodles and other, affording recoveries of 86.5-92.8%, 90.8-94.8% and 90.0-92.3%, respectively. In addition, inter-laboratory testing was also conducted to check the precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Park
- Advanced Food Safety Research group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Advanced Food Safety Research group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seong Jeong
- Advanced Food Safety Research group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Suh
- SunMoon University, Asan, Chungchengnam-do 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Young Lee
- Food Additives and Packaging Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Soo Lim
- Food Additives and Packaging Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Advanced Food Safety Research group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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Ok HE, Chang HJ, Choi SW, Cho TY, Oh KS, Chun HS. Occurrence and intake of deoxynivalenol in cereal-based products marketed in Korea during 2007-2008. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2014; 2:154-61. [PMID: 24785178 DOI: 10.1080/19440040903367179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) was investigated in 514 cereal-based products (corn-based, n = 125; barley-based, n = 96; wheat-based, n = 94; rice-based, n = 199) marketed in Korea during 2007-2008, and estimates of DON intake were determined. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet light (UV) detection after immunoaffinity clean-up. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 2.2 and 5.6 µg kg(-1), respectively. Recoveries and repeatability expressed as coefficients of variation (CV) were 82.3-100% and 2.4-15.3% in beer, bread and dried corn. The incidences and mean levels of DON were 56% and 68.9 µg kg(-1) for corn-based products, 49% and 24.1 µg kg(-1) for wheat-based products, 43% and 7.5 µg kg(-1) for barley-based products, and 16% and 3.4 µg kg(-1) for rice-based products, respectively. The estimated daily intake of DON from the consumption of rice-based, wheat-based, barley-based and corn-based products were 0.0038 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1), 0.0032 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1), 0.0015 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1) and 0.0002 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. These values represent 0.38%, 0.32%, 0.25% and 0.01% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 1 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1). These results indicate that rice-based products are major contributors to DON exposure in Korea, even though the current exposure level is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Ok
- a Food Safety Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam 463-746 , Republic of Korea
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Chang HJ, Choi SW, Ko SH, Chun HS. Effect of Particle Size of Zinc Oxides on Cytotoxicity and Cell Permeability in Caco-2 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Jo MJ, Jeong AR, Kim HJ, Lee NR, Oh SW, Kim YJ, Chun HS, Koo MS. Microbiological Quality of Fresh-Cut Produce and Organic Vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.1.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Choi SW, Kang WS, Lee JH, Najeeb CK, Chun HS, Kim JH. Patterning of hierarchically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube Langmuir-Blodgett films by microcontact printing. Langmuir 2010; 26:15680-15685. [PMID: 20825154 DOI: 10.1021/la1017938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a patterning method for hierarchically aligned assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a combination of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and soft lithography. The LB technique allows one to control the alignment and the surface density of SWNTs by adjusting surface pressure of the film at the air-water interface. The aligned SWNT Langmuir films are successfully transferred onto the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or silicon substrate with unidirectional alignment, and SWNT patterns with various shapes are fabricated on silicon and flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates by contacting and peeling off the PDMS stamp from the substrates via microcontact printing or lift-up methods. The SWNT patterning technique using the combination of soft lithography and the LB method can be applied in various fields, such as flexible high-speed transistors, high-efficiency solar cells, and transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, San 46-1, Backhyun-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim YJ, Lee MS, Lee HJ, Wu Y, Freake HC, Chun HS, Kim Y. Hormones and Nutrients Regulate Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Promoter I in Rat Primary Hepatocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 51:124-8. [PMID: 16022200 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.51.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promoter activity by hormones and nutrients. Genomic clones including promoter I (PI) of the ACC gene were isolated and sequenced. ACC PI fragments (-1,049/+100 or -220/+21 bp) were subcloned into the pGL3-Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. The ACC PI/luciferase chimeric plasmids were transfected into primary rat hepatocytes using lipofectin. Insulin treatment increased the activity of -1,049/+ 100 and -220/+21 ACC PI by 3.0- and 3.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control. The activity of both constructs was also increased by dexamethasone (Dex) and triiodothyronine (T3), with the greatest effects seen with all three hormones present. With -1,049/+100 or -220/+21 ACC PI, the addition of glucose increased luciferase activity compared to glucose-free control (p<0.05). On the other hand, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduced the activity of the -1,049/+100 ACC PI construct, with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid showing the greatest effect (about 70% of the control). However, the addition of PUFA to the culture media did not affect the activity of -220/+21 ACC PI. Therefore, insulin, Dex, T3, glucose, and PUFA regulate ACC gene expression, at least in part, through the PI promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Women's University, Daehyndong 11-1 Sudaemun-ku, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
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Kim HJ, Chun HS, Kim HYL. Use of Gellan Gum and Xanthan Gum as Texture Modifiers for Yackwa, a Korean Traditional Fried Cake. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2004.9.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chun HS, Lee MK, Kim HJ, Chang HJ. Microbiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Traditional Steeping Process of Waxy Rice for Yukwa (a Korean Oil-Puffed Snack) Production. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2004.9.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chronic exposure to manganese causes Parkinson's disease (PD)-like clinical symptoms (Neurotoxicology 5 (1984) 13; Arch. Neurol. 46 (1989) 1104; Neurology 56 (2001) 4). Occupational exposure to manganese is proposed as a risk factor in specific cases of idiopathic PD (Neurology 56 (2001) 8). We have investigated the mechanism of manganese neurotoxicity in nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons using the DA cell line, SN4741 (J. Neurosci. 19 (1999) 10). Manganese treatment elicited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses, such as an increased level of the ER chaperone BiP, and simultaneously activated the ER resident caspase-12. Peak activation of other major initiator caspases-like activities, such as caspase-1, -8 and -9, ensued, resulting in activation of caspase-3-like activity during manganese-induced DA cell death. The neurotoxic cell death induced by manganese was significantly reduced in the Bcl-2-overexpressing DA cell lines. Our findings suggest that manganese-induced neurotoxicity is mediated in part by ER stress and considerably ameliorated by Bcl-2 overexpression in DA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University at The W.M. Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, NY 10605, USA
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Baker H, Liu N, Chun HS, Saino S, Berlin R, Volpe B, Son JH. Phenotypic differentiation during migration of dopaminergic progenitor cells to the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 2001; 21:8505-13. [PMID: 11606639 PMCID: PMC6762814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2001] [Revised: 07/25/2001] [Accepted: 08/27/2001] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A possible source for transplantable neurons in Parkinson's disease are adult olfactory bulb (OB) dopamine (DA) progenitors that originate in the anterior subventricular zone and reach the OB through the rostral migratory stream. We used adult transgenic mice expressing a lacZ reporter directed by an 8.9 kb tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter to investigate the course of DAergic differentiation. Parallel transgene and intrinsic TH mRNA expression occurred during migration of DA interneurons through the mitral and superficial granule cell layers before these cells reached their final periglomerular position. Differential transgene and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV expression distinguished two nonoverlapping populations of interneurons. Transgenic mice carrying a TH8.9kb/lacZ construct with a mutant AP-1 site demonstrated that this element confers OB DA-specific TH gene regulation. These results indicate that DA phenotypic determination is specific to a subset of mobile OB progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baker
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Chun HS, Kim HJ, Choi EH. Modulation of cytochrome P4501-mediated bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene by volatile allyl sulfides in human hepatoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2205-12. [PMID: 11758911 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allyl sulfides such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), typical flavor components of Allium vegetables, have been shown to inhibit benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced carcinogenesis in animal models. As a possible mechanism of this inhibition, the effect of these volatile substances on cytochrome P450 (CYP)1 (CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1)-mediated bioactivation of B[a]P was investigated using a human hepatoma cell model (HepG2). DADS and DATS inhibited the B[a]P-induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, a marker enzyme for CYP1, by 30-90% and 70-95% at 100-1,000 microM concentration, respectively. The cell viability, an indicator of the capacity to inhibit B[a]P bioactivation, was increased by treatments of 100-1,000 microM DADS and 10-100 microM DATS. Immunoblot results indicated that the B[a]P inducible CYP1A2 protein was suppressed by 100-1,000 microM of DADS and 10-100 microM of DATS, but CYP1A1 and 1B1 were not detectable in any microsomes. Analysis of B[a]P metabolites revealed that the level of 7,8-diol formed was significantly reduced in the DADS and DATS treated microsomes as compared to the control. The level of 9,10-diol and 4,5-diol formed was also lowered by the allyl sulfide treatments. These results suggest that the protective mechanism of allyl sulfides on B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis is possibly related with the modulation of CYP1-mediated bioactivation of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam.
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Chun HS, Gibson GE, DeGiorgio LA, Zhang H, Kidd VJ, Son JH. Dopaminergic cell death induced by MPP(+), oxidant and specific neurotoxicants shares the common molecular mechanism. J Neurochem 2001; 76:1010-21. [PMID: 11181820 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent etiological study in twins (Tanner et al. 1999) strongly suggests that environmental factors play an important role in typical, non-familial Parkinson's disease (PD), beginning after age 50. Epidemiological risk factor analyses of typical PD cases have identified several neurotoxicants, including MPP(+) (the active metabolite of MPTP), paraquat, dieldrin, manganese and salsolinol. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these neurotoxic agents might induce cell death in our nigral dopaminergic cell line, SN4741 (Son et al. 1999) through a common molecular mechanism. Our initial experiments revealed that treatment with both MPP(+) and the other PD-related neurotoxicants induced apoptotic cell death in SN4741 cells, following initial increases of H(2)O(2)-related ROS activity and subsequent activation of JNK1/2 MAP kinases. Moreover, we have demonstrated that during dopaminergic cell death cascades, MPP(+), the neurotoxicants and an oxidant, H(2)O(2) equally induce the ROS-dependent events. Remarkably, the oxidant treatment alone induced similar sequential molecular events: ROS increase, activation of JNK MAP kinases, activation of the PITSLRE kinase, p110, by both Caspase-1 and Caspase-3-like activities and apoptotic cell death. Pharmacological intervention using the combination of the antioxidant Trolox and a pan-caspase inhibitor Boc-(Asp)-fmk (BAF) exerted significant neuroprotection against ROS-induced dopaminergic cell death. Finally, the high throughput cDNA microarray screening using the current model identified downstream response genes, such as heme oxygenase-1, a constituent of Lewy bodies, that can be the useful biomarkers to monitor the pathological conditions of dopaminergic neurons under neurotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University at The W.M. Burke Medical Research Institute, New York, USA
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Abstract
Keratinocytes cultured from human and rat epidermis exhibited strongly divergent sensitivities to toxicity from the heterocyclic amine food mutagen Trp-P-2. To find a biochemical basis for this difference, the cultured cells were compared in their expression of phase 1 and 2 biotransformation activities, mutagenic activation and macromolecular adducts. The human and early passage rat cells expressed similar levels of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and N-acetyl transferase activities, their microsomes were similarly active in inducing bacterial mutagenesis when incubated with Trp-P-2, and the keratinocytes accumulated similar levels of DNA adducts over a 4-day treatment period. However, the human cells expressed an order of magnitude higher cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity than the rat cells, likely providing enhanced protection. Late passage rat epidermal cells were insensitive to Trp-P-2 toxicity, attributable to their rapid loss of measured cytochrome P450 activity. Rat esophageal and fore-stomach epithelial cells resembled late passage rat epidermal cells in their lack of sensitivity to Trp-P-2 toxicity and lack of P450 activity. Human esophageal epithelial cells expressed substantial P450 activity but, in contrast to human epidermal cells, were sensitive to Trp-P-2 toxicity. Thus keratinocytes provide a valuable system in which to examine the basis for species- and tissue-specific differences in toxicity from this carcinogenic heterocyclic amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA
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Chun HS, Kuzmicky PA, Rucoba L, Kado NY, Rice RH. Cytotoxicity and keratinocyte microsome-mediated mutagenic activation of carcinogens in cultured epidermal cells. Toxicol Lett 2000; 115:165-72. [PMID: 10802392 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Four model carcinogens (aflatoxin B(1), 6-nitrochrysene, 3-amino-1-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2)) were examined for their ability to inhibit the growth of cultured human and rat epidermal cells. To find a basis for observed differences in growth inhibition, aflatoxin B(1), Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 were tested for activation by microsomes isolated from these cells in a bacterial mutagenesis assay. Treated rat cultures exhibited sensitivity to Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 and especially aflatoxin toxicity (growth inhibition) despite their microsomes being unable to induce bacterial mutagenicity. In treated human cultures, the toxicities of Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2 and AFB(1) were stimulated by 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), consistent with their dependence on the biotransformation reactions this agent induces; however, the toxicity correlated poorly with observed bacterial mutagenicity mediated by their isolated microsomes. 6-Nitrochrysene, a known direct-acting mutagen in bacteria, was highly toxic to the rat but not to the human cells. Since toxic effects can modify carcinogenic outcomes, these findings are compatible with a complex relationship between toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and indicate the utility of keratinocytes for clarifying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA
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18
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Calingasan NY, Huang PL, Chun HS, Fabian A, Gibson GE. Vascular factors are critical in selective neuronal loss in an animal model of impaired oxidative metabolism. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:207-17. [PMID: 10744059 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD) models the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which chronic oxidative deficits lead to death of select neurons in brain. Region- and cell-specific oxidative stress and vascular changes accompany the TD-induced neurodegeneration. The current studies analyzed the role of oxidative stress in initiating these events by testing the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the selective neuronal loss that begins in the submedial thalamic nucleus of mice. Oxidative stress to microvessels is known to induce eNOS and ICAM-1. TD increased ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in microvessels within the submedial nucleus and adjacent regions 1 day prior to the onset of neuronal loss. On subsequent days, the pattern of ICAM-1 induction overlapped that of neuronal loss, and of induction of the oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The intensity and extent of ICAM-1 and HO-1 induction progressively spread in parallel with the neuronal death in the thalamus. Targeted disruption of ICAM-1 or eNOS gene, but not the neuronal NOS gene, attenuated the TD-induced neurodegeneration and HO-1 induction. TD induced ICAM-1 in eNOS knockout mice, but did not induce eNOS in mice lacking ICAM-1. These results demonstrate that in TD, an ICAM-1-dependent pathway of eNOS induction leads to oxidative stress-mediated death of metabolically compromised neurons. Thus, TD provides a useful model to help elucidate the role of ICAM-1 and eNOS in the selective neuronal death in diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Calingasan
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University at Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Chun HS, Son JJ, Son JH. Identification of potential compounds promoting BDNF production in nigral dopaminergic neurons: clinical implication in Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 2000; 11:511-4. [PMID: 10718305 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200002280-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigral brain region. Currently, there is no cure or treatment that prevents such neuronal loss. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been found to support the survival of DA neurons in animal models and in primary cell cultures. However, the large molecular size of BDNF, coupled with the blood brain barrier, prevents its delivery to DA neurons to promote cell survival in the PD brain. The nigral DA neurons have the ability to produce BDNF for neuroprotection via either autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Low mol. wt compounds were tested to see whether they could increase the production of BDNF in the DA neurons. The compounds tested include neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, intracellular signaling agents, known neuroprotective agents and growth factors. Our results demonstrate that salicyclic acid, cGMP analog, okadaic acid, IBMX, dipyridamole and glutamate significantly enhance BDNF production in DA neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University at The W.M. Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Han CK, Ahn SK, Choi NS, Hong RK, Moon SK, Chun HS, Lee SJ, Kim JW, Hong CI, Kim D, Yoon JH, No KT. Design and synthesis of highly potent fumagillin analogues from homology modeling for a human MetAP-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:39-43. [PMID: 10636239 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New fumagillin analogues were designed through structure-based molecular modeling with a human methionine aminopeptidase-2. Among the fumagillin analogues, cinnamic acid ester derivative CKD-731 showed 1000-fold more potent proliferation inhibitory activity on endothelial cell than TNP-470.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Han
- Chong Kun Dang Research Institute, Chungcheongnamdo, South Korea
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21
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Son JH, Chun HS, Joh TH, Cho S, Conti B, Lee JW. Neuroprotection and neuronal differentiation studies using substantia nigra dopaminergic cells derived from transgenic mouse embryos. J Neurosci 1999; 19:10-20. [PMID: 9870933 PMCID: PMC6782395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/1998] [Revised: 10/08/1998] [Accepted: 10/15/1998] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The major pathological lesion of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the selective cell death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Although the initial cause and subsequent molecular signaling mechanisms leading to DA cell death underlying the PD process remain elusive, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to exert neuroprotective as well as neurotrophic roles for the survival and differentiation of DA neurons in SN. Addressing molecular mechanisms of BDNF action in both primary embryonic mesencephalic cultures and in vivo animal models has been technically difficult because DA neurons in SN are relatively rare and present with many heterogeneous cell populations in midbrain. We have developed and characterized a DA neuronal cell line of embryonic SN origin that is more accessible to molecular analysis and can be used as an in vitro model system for studying SN DA neurons. A clonal SN DA neuronal progenitor cell line SN4741, arrested at an early DA developmental stage, was established from transgenic mouse embryos containing the targeted expression of the thermolabile SV40Tag in SN DA neurons. The phenotypic and morphological differentiation of the SN4741 cells could be manipulated by environmental cues in vitro. Exogenous BDNF treatment produced significant neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, glutamate, and nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity in the SN4741 cells. Simultaneous phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinase B accompanied the neuroprotection. This SN DA neuronal cell line provides a unique model system to circumvent the limitations associated with primary mesencephalic cultures for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of BDNF action on DA neurons of the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Son
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College and Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, The W. M. Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Abstract
A 22 year-old man visited our department with a 18-year-history of recurrent vesicular eruption on his skin when exposed to the sun. History revealed that the skin lesions developed as vesicles at first, then over the next several days, they formed crusts and healed with scarring. We were able to induce skin lesions by a repetitive UV-A provocation test. By the clinical and histologic features of the induced lesions, the case was diagnosed as hydroa vacciniforme (HV). However, no vesicular lesions were found on physical examination. Instead, in addition to varioliform scarring, we found various unusual clinical manifestations: burn-like lesions and crusts, flexion contracture of the digitum, and ear lobe mutilation. The ear lobe mutilation, which had not been reported previously in HV, was especially interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sung kyun kwan University, College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The processes of hemostasis and thrombolysis are elegantly regulated in order to ensure normal functions of vascular system. A search for new plasminogen activators as thrombolytic agents has been carried out for the purpose of clinical applications to modulate thrombolytic processes. In the current work, several strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were screened for the fibrinolytic activity. The DNA sequences of staphylokinase gene in the strains expressing 15 kDa protein with staphylokinase activity were determined and subsequently compared with three known staphylokinase gene sequences. From the sequence comparison a new variant of staphylokinase gene has been identified in ATCC 29213 strain. The gene product needs to be further characterized and tested for the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Protein Function Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Korea
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Kim SJ, Lee JW, Chun HS, Joh TH, Son JH. Monitoring catecholamine differentiation in the embryonic brain and peripheral neurons using E. coli lacZ as a reporter gene. Mol Cells 1997; 7:394-8. [PMID: 9264028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An X-gal based histochemical assay was used to detect catecholamine (CA) cells in transgenic mouse embryos, in which the expression of the lacZ reporter was driven by the tissue-specific promoter of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene. As the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for CA neurotransmitters, TH is a specific phenotypic marker for CA cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems of adult animals. During embryogenesis, TH expression appears permanently within CA-producing cells, and transiently within several other cell types. In this study we were able to monitor TH expression in transgenic mouse embryos by following the expression of the lacZ reporter in substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system, the trigeminal (V) sensory ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia in the periphery. Our results demonstrate that the rat TH promoter-lacZ transgene provides an important experimental tool for monitoring catecholaminergic lineage cells during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea
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Abstract
Three cases of erythema induratum which occurred in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are described. The cutaneous lesions were violaceous, indurated nodules on both lower legs above the malleoli. Histologically, tuberculoid granuloma with caseation necrosis was found in one case; necrotizing vasculitis was the prominent finding in other two cases. The erythema induratum promptly responded to antituberculous therapy. We believe that, in light of these cases, the association between erythema induratum and infection with tubercle bacilli should be re-emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Lee KJ, Nam JJ, Bae KJ, Lee EJ, Im HJ, Chun HS, Hwang IS. [The trends and issues of Korean nursing education through a historical perspective]. Taehan Kanho 1991; 30:83-98. [PMID: 1779598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Aridge D, Reese J, Niehoff M, Carney K, Lindsey L, Chun HS, George E, Garvin P. Effect of successful renal and segmental pancreatic transplantation on peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Transplant Proc 1991; 23:1670-1. [PMID: 1989326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Aridge
- Department of Surgery, St Louis University Hospital, Missouri 63110-0250
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