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Goncharov A, Joung HA, Ghosh R, Han GR, Ballard ZS, Maloney Q, Bell A, Aung CTZ, Garner OB, Carlo DD, Ozcan A. Deep Learning-Enabled Multiplexed Point-of-Care Sensor using a Paper-Based Fluorescence Vertical Flow Assay. Small 2023; 19:e2300617. [PMID: 37104829 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed computational sensing with a point-of-care serodiagnosis assay to simultaneously quantify three biomarkers of acute cardiac injury is demonstrated. This point-of-care sensor includes a paper-based fluorescence vertical flow assay (fxVFA) processed by a low-cost mobile reader, which quantifies the target biomarkers through trained neural networks, all within <15 min of test time using 50 µL of serum sample per patient. This fxVFA platform is validated using human serum samples to quantify three cardiac biomarkers, i.e., myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein, achieving less than 0.52 ng mL-1 limit-of-detection for all three biomarkers with minimal cross-reactivity. Biomarker concentration quantification using the fxVFA that is coupled to neural network-based inference is blindly tested using 46 individually activated cartridges, which shows a high correlation with the ground truth concentrations for all three biomarkers achieving >0.9 linearity and <15% coefficient of variation. The competitive performance of this multiplexed computational fxVFA along with its inexpensive paper-based design and handheld footprint makes it a promising point-of-care sensor platform that can expand access to diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Goncharov
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gyeo-Re Han
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zachary S Ballard
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Quinn Maloney
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Bell
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chew Tin Zar Aung
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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2
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Ghosh R, Joung HA, Goncharov A, Palanisamy B, Ngo K, Pejcinovic K, Krockenberger N, Horn EJ, Garner OB, Ghazal E, O’Kula A, Arnaboldi PM, Dattwyler RJ, Ozcan A, Di Carlo D. Single-tier point-of-care serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.14.544508. [PMID: 37398357 PMCID: PMC10312703 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) serological testing provides actionable information for several difficult to diagnose illnesses, empowering distributed health systems. Accessible and adaptable diagnostic platforms that can assay the repertoire of antibodies formed against pathogens are essential to drive early detection and improve patient outcomes. Here, we report a POC serologic test for Lyme disease (LD), leveraging synthetic peptides tuned to be highly specific to the LD antibody repertoire across patients and compatible with a paper-based platform for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnosis. A subset of antigenic epitopes conserved across Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies and targeted by IgG and IgM antibodies, were selected based on their seroreactivity to develop a multiplexed panel for a single-step measurement of combined IgM and IgG antibodies from LD patient sera. Multiple peptide epitopes, when combined synergistically using a machine learning-based diagnostic model, yielded a high sensitivity without any loss in specificity. We blindly tested the platform with samples from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) LD repository and achieved a sensitivity and specificity matching the lab-based two-tier results with a single POC test, correctly discriminating cross-reactive look-alike diseases. This computational LD diagnostic test can potentially replace the cumbersome two-tier testing paradigm, improving diagnosis and enabling earlier effective treatment of LD patients while also facilitating immune monitoring and surveillance of the disease in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghosh
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Artem Goncharov
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Barath Palanisamy
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kevin Ngo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Katarina Pejcinovic
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | | | - Omai B. Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ezdehar Ghazal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, United States
| | - Andrew O’Kula
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, United States
| | - Paul M. Arnaboldi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, United States
- Biopeptides, Corp. East Setauket, NY 11733
| | - Raymond J. Dattwyler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, United States
- Biopeptides, Corp. East Setauket, NY 11733
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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3
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Luo Y, Joung HA, Esparza S, Rao J, Garner O, Ozcan A. Quantitative particle agglutination assay for point-of-care testing using mobile holographic imaging and deep learning. Lab Chip 2021; 21:3550-3558. [PMID: 34292287 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particle agglutination assays are widely adopted immunological tests that are based on antigen-antibody interactions. Antibody-coated microscopic particles are mixed with a test sample that potentially contains the target antigen, as a result of which the particles form clusters, with a size that is a function of the antigen concentration and the reaction time. Here, we present a quantitative particle agglutination assay that combines mobile lens-free microscopy and deep learning for rapidly measuring the concentration of a target analyte; as its proof-of-concept, we demonstrate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) testing using human serum samples. A dual-channel capillary lateral flow device is designed to host the agglutination reaction using 4 μL of serum sample with a material cost of 1.79 cents per test. A mobile lens-free microscope records time-lapsed inline holograms of the lateral flow device, monitoring the agglutination process over 3 min. These captured holograms are processed, and at each frame the number and area of the particle clusters are automatically extracted and fed into shallow neural networks to predict the CRP concentration. 189 measurements using 88 unique patient serum samples were utilized to train, validate and blindly test our platform, which matched the corresponding ground truth concentrations in the hs-CRP range (0-10 μg mL-1) with an R2 value of 0.912. This computational sensing platform was also able to successfully differentiate very high CRP concentrations (e.g., >10-500 μg mL-1) from the hs-CRP range. This mobile, cost-effective and quantitative particle agglutination assay can be useful for various point-of-care sensing needs and global health related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Esparza
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jingyou Rao
- Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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4
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Bobe JR, Jutras BL, Horn EJ, Embers ME, Bailey A, Moritz RL, Zhang Y, Soloski MJ, Ostfeld RS, Marconi RT, Aucott J, Ma'ayan A, Keesing F, Lewis K, Ben Mamoun C, Rebman AW, McClune ME, Breitschwerdt EB, Reddy PJ, Maggi R, Yang F, Nemser B, Ozcan A, Garner O, Di Carlo D, Ballard Z, Joung HA, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR, Baumgarth N, Fallon BA. Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:666554. [PMID: 34485323 PMCID: PMC8416313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.666554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (also known as Lyme borreliosis) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States with an estimated 476,000 cases per year. While historically, the long-term impact of Lyme disease on patients has been controversial, mounting evidence supports the idea that a substantial number of patients experience persistent symptoms following treatment. The research community has largely lacked the necessary funding to properly advance the scientific and clinical understanding of the disease, or to develop and evaluate innovative approaches for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the many outstanding questions raised into the diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of Lyme disease, and the underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger persistent disease, there is an urgent need for more support. This review article summarizes progress over the past 5 years in our understanding of Lyme and tick-borne diseases in the United States and highlights remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Bobe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon L. Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Monica E. Embers
- Tulane University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Allison Bailey
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mark J. Soloski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard T. Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John Aucott
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Kim Lewis
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Alison W. Rebman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mecaila E. McClune
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Ricardo Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bennett Nemser
- Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation, Stamford, CT, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omai Garner
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zachary Ballard
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roland R. Griffiths
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian A. Fallon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Ray A, Esparza S, Wu D, Hanudel MR, Joung HA, Gales B, Tseng D, Salusky IB, Ozcan A. Measurement of serum phosphate levels using a mobile sensor. Analyst 2020; 145:1841-1848. [PMID: 31960836 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of serum phosphate concentration is crucial for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on maintenance dialysis, as abnormal phosphate levels may be associated with severe health risks. It is important to monitor serum phosphate levels on a regular basis in these patients; however, such measurements are generally limited to every 0.5-3 months, depending on the severity of CKD. This is due to the fact that serum phosphate measurements can only be performed at regular clinic visits, in addition to cost considerations. Here we present a portable and cost-effective point-of-care device capable of measuring serum phosphate levels using a single drop of blood (<60 μl). This is achieved by integrating a paper-based microfluidic platform with a custom-designed smartphone reader. This mobile sensor was tested on patients undergoing dialysis, where whole blood samples were acquired before starting the hemodialysis and during the three-hour treatment. This sampling during the hemodialysis, under patient consent, allowed us to test blood samples with a wide range of phosphate concentrations, and our results showed a strong correlation with the ground truth laboratory tests performed on the same patient samples (Pearson coefficient r = 0.95 and p < 0.001). Our 3D-printed smartphone attachment weighs about 400 g and costs less than 80 USD, whereas the material cost for the disposable test is <3.5 USD (under low volume manufacturing). This low-cost and easy-to-operate system can be used to measure serum phosphate levels at the point-of-care in about 45 min and can potentially be used on a daily basis by patients at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sarah Esparza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dimei Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark R Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barbara Gales
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Derek Tseng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Ballard ZS, Joung HA, Goncharov A, Liang J, Nugroho K, Di Carlo D, Garner OB, Ozcan A. Deep learning-enabled point-of-care sensing using multiplexed paper-based sensors. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:66. [PMID: 32411827 PMCID: PMC7206101 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a deep learning-based framework to design and quantify point-of-care sensors. As a use-case, we demonstrated a low-cost and rapid paper-based vertical flow assay (VFA) for high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) testing, commonly used for assessing risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD). A machine learning-based framework was developed to (1) determine an optimal configuration of immunoreaction spots and conditions, spatially-multiplexed on a sensing membrane, and (2) to accurately infer target analyte concentration. Using a custom-designed handheld VFA reader, a clinical study with 85 human samples showed a competitive coefficient-of-variation of 11.2% and linearity of R 2 = 0.95 among blindly-tested VFAs in the hsCRP range (i.e., 0-10 mg/L). We also demonstrated a mitigation of the hook-effect due to the multiplexed immunoreactions on the sensing membrane. This paper-based computational VFA could expand access to CVD testing, and the presented framework can be broadly used to design cost-effective and mobile point-of-care sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Ballard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Artem Goncharov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jesse Liang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Karina Nugroho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Omai B. Garner
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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7
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Joung HA, Ballard ZS, Wu J, Tseng DK, Teshome H, Zhang L, Horn EJ, Arnaboldi PM, Dattwyler RJ, Garner OB, Di Carlo D, Ozcan A. Point-of-Care Serodiagnostic Test for Early-Stage Lyme Disease Using a Multiplexed Paper-Based Immunoassay and Machine Learning. ACS Nano 2020; 14:229-240. [PMID: 31849225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne infectious disease in North America and Europe. Though timely diagnosis and treatment are effective in preventing disease progression, current tests are insensitive in early stage LD, with a sensitivity of <50%. Additionally, the serological testing currently recommended by the U.S. Center for Disease Control has high costs (>$400/test) and extended sample-to-answer timelines (>24 h). To address these challenges, we created a cost-effective and rapid point-of-care (POC) test for early-stage LD that assays for antibodies specific to seven Borrelia antigens and a synthetic peptide in a paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay (xVFA). We trained a deep-learning-based diagnostic algorithm to select an optimal subset of antigen/peptide targets and then blindly tested our xVFA using human samples (N(+) = 42, N(-) = 54), achieving an area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.950, 90.5%, and 87.0%, respectively, outperforming previous LD POC tests. With batch-specific standardization and threshold tuning, the specificity of our blind-testing performance improved to 96.3%, with an AUC and sensitivity of 0.963 and 85.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyou-Arm Joung
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Zachary S Ballard
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Derek K Tseng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Hailemariam Teshome
- Department of Neuroscience , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Linghao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | | | - Paul M Arnaboldi
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , New York 10595 , United States
| | - Raymond J Dattwyler
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , New York 10595 , United States
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
- Department of Surgery , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90025 , United States
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8
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Oh HK, Joung HA, Jung M, Lee H, Kim MG. Rapid and Simple Detection of Ochratoxin A using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer on Lateral Flow Immunoassay (FRET-LFI). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E292. [PMID: 31126081 PMCID: PMC6563163 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of mycotoxins is crucial because of their toxicity in plants, animals, and humans. It is very important to determine whether food products are contaminated with mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), as mycotoxins can survive heat treatments and hydrolysis. In this study, we designed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based system that exploits antibody-antigen binding to detect mycotoxins more rapidly and easily than other currently available methods. In addition, we were able to effectively counteract the matrix effect in the sample by using a nitrocellulose membrane that enabled fluorescence measurement in coffee samples. The developed FRET on lateral flow immunoassay (FRET-LFI) system was used to detect OTA at a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 ng∙mL-1, and the test can be completed in only 30 min. Moreover, OTA in coffee samples was successfully detected at a LOD of 0.88 ng∙mL-1, overcoming the matrix effect, owing to the chromatographic properties of the capillary force of the membrane. We believe that the developed system can be used as a powerful tool for the sensitive diagnosis of harmful substances such as mycotoxins and pesticides for environmental and food quality control monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangawgi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Minhyuk Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangawgi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
| | - Hohjai Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangawgi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangawgi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
- INGIbio Co. Ltd., R&D Center, 206, APRI, 123 Cheomdangawgi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
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Seok Y, Jang H, Oh J, Joung HA, Kim MG. A handheld lateral flow strip for rapid DNA extraction from staphylococcus aureus cell spiked in various samples. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf3be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Joung HA, Ballard ZS, Ma A, Tseng DK, Teshome H, Burakowski S, Garner OB, Di Carlo D, Ozcan A. Paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay for point-of-care testing. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1027-1034. [PMID: 30729974 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multiplexed point-of-care immunodiagnostic assay for antibody detection in human sera made through the vertical stacking of functional paper layers. In this multiplexed vertical flow immunodiagnostic assay (xVFA), a colorimetric signal is generated by gold nanoparticles captured on a spatially-multiplexed sensing membrane containing specific antigens. The assay is completed in 20 minutes, following which the sensing membrane is imaged by a cost-effective mobile-phone reader. The images are sent to a server, where the results are rapidly analyzed and relayed back to the user. The performance of the assay was evaluated by measuring Lyme-specific antibodies in human sera as model target antibodies. The presented platform is rapid, simple, inexpensive, and allows for simultaneous and quantitative measurement of multiple antibodies and/or antigens making it a suitable point-of-care platform for disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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11
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Oh J, Joung HA, Han HS, Kim JK, Kim MG. A hook effect-free immunochromatographic assay (HEF-ICA) for measuring the C-reactive protein concentration in one drop of human serum. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3189-3197. [PMID: 29930722 PMCID: PMC6010992 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunochromatographic (ICA) assay is a highly promising platform for rapid and simple detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) which is an indicator of the different phases of various diseases, as well as of inflammation and infection. However, the hook effect in the ICA assay limits the quantification of CRP levels at high CRP concentrations. Methods: In this study, we developed a hook effect-free immunochromatographic assay (HEF-ICA) to detect CRP over a wide concentration range. The hook effect results from the simultaneous reaction of an excess target antigens with both immobilized and labeled antibodies respectively. To reduce the potential occurrence of this simultaneous reaction, we separated the migration of the target antigen and gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-labeled antibodies on a nitrocellulose membrane and analyzed the time profiles by modifying the ICA structure. Results: The signal intensity of HEF-ICA was saturated at high CRP concentrations, without decreasing. The titration curve of HEF-ICA was adjusted with the Hill equation, and HEF-ICA was performed with the following parameters: limit of detection, 43 ng mL-1; dynamic range, 119 ng mL-1 to 100 µg mL-1. The accuracy of the newly developed assay was evaluated using 33 clinical samples via comparison with a clinical chemistry analyzer. Conclusion: HEF-ICA enabled the measurement of a wide range of CRP concentrations without the hook effect, and was suitable for point-of-care testing with fingertip blood sampling, as only a minute sample volume (2.5 µL) was required.
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Seok Y, Joung HA, Byun JY, Jeon HS, Shin SJ, Kim S, Shin YB, Han HS, Kim MG. A Paper-Based Device for Performing Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Real-Time Simultaneous Detection of Multiple DNA Targets. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2220-2230. [PMID: 28740546 PMCID: PMC5505055 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper-based diagnostic devices have many advantages as a one of the multiple diagnostic test platforms for point-of-care (POC) testing because they have simplicity, portability, and cost-effectiveness. However, despite high sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid testing (NAT), the development of NAT based on a paper platform has not progressed as much as the others because various specific conditions for nucleic acid amplification reactions such as pH, buffer components, and temperature, inhibitions from technical differences of paper-based device. Here, we propose a paper-based device for performing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with real-time simultaneous detection of multiple DNA targets. We determined the optimal chemical components to enable dry conditions for the LAMP reaction without lyophilization or other techniques. We also devised the simple paper device structure by sequentially stacking functional layers, and employed a newly discovered property of hydroxynaphthol blue fluorescence to analyze real-time LAMP signals in the paper device. This proposed platform allowed analysis of three different meningitis DNA samples in a single device with single-step operation. This LAMP-based multiple diagnostic device has potential for real-time analysis with quantitative detection of 102-105 copies of genomic DNA. Furthermore, we propose the transformation of DNA amplification devices to a simple and affordable paper system approach with great potential for realizing a paper-based NAT system for POC testing.
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Kim K, Joung HA, Han GR, Kim MG. An immunochromatographic biosensor combined with a water-swellable polymer for automatic signal generation or amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:422-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Li CG, Joung HA, Noh H, Song MB, Kim MG, Jung H. One-touch-activated blood multidiagnostic system using a minimally invasive hollow microneedle integrated with a paper-based sensor. Lab Chip 2015; 15:3286-3292. [PMID: 26190447 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of real-time innocuous blood diagnosis has been a long-standing goal in healthcare; an improved, miniature, all-in-one point-of-care testing (POCT) system with low cost and simplified operation is highly desired. Here, we present a one-touch-activated blood multidiagnostic system (OBMS) involving the synergistic integration of a hollow microneedle and paper-based sensor, providing a number of unique characteristics for simplifying the design of microsystems and enhancing user performance. In this OBMS, all functions of blood collection, serum separation, and detection were sequentially automated in one single device that only required one-touch activation by finger-power without additional operations. For the first time, we successfully demonstrated the operation of this system in vivo in glucose and cholesterol diagnosis, showing a great possibility for human clinical application and commercialization. Additionally, this novel system offers a new approach for the use of microneedles and paper sensors as promising intelligent elements in future real-time healthcare monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Song MB, Joung HA, Oh YK, Jung K, Ahn YD, Kim MG. Tear-off patterning: a simple method for patterning nitrocellulose membranes to improve the performance of point-of-care diagnostic biosensors. Lab Chip 2015; 15:3006-3012. [PMID: 26062104 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new method, referred to as "tear-off patterning," for patterning nitrocellulose (NC) membranes in order to fabricate NC-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. Paper-based microfluidic sensors usually employ hydrophobic barrier coatings such as paraffin wax on either paper or membranes. Herein, complex patterns were fabricated by stamping the target area with dimethyl sulfoxide before tearing off the stamped area. Fluid flow and morphological analyses were performed in order to characterize the patterned membranes. Furthermore, the myoglobin and creatine kinase-MB levels in human serum were measured simultaneously using a dual-fluidic-channel-patterned NC membrane in order to confirm the usefulness of the patterning method for fabricating POC biosensors. The proposed method for patterning NC membranes offers clear advantages, such as the ability to fabricate complex designs and patterns without a hydrophobic barrier after protein immobilization in a laboratory and in a simple, low-cost manner. We believe that this method can be used to develop various POC diagnostic biosensors at the research and development stage and can help improve the performance and features of POC diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Bum Song
- INGIbio Co. Ltd., R&D Center, 206, APRI, 123 Chemdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Akanda MR, Joung HA, Tamilavan V, Park S, Kim S, Hyun MH, Kim MG, Yang H. An interference-free and rapid electrochemical lateral-flow immunoassay for one-step ultrasensitive detection with serum. Analyst 2015; 139:1420-5. [PMID: 24482801 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) of biomarkers in clinical samples is of great importance for rapid and cost-effective diagnosis. However, it is extremely challenging to develop an electrochemical POCT technique retaining both ultrasensitivity and simplicity. We report an interference-free electrochemical lateral-flow immunoassay that enables one-step ultrasensitive detection with serum. The electrochemical-chemical-chemical (ECC) redox cycling combined with an enzymatic reaction of an enzyme label is used to obtain high signal amplification. The ECC redox cycling involving Ru(NH3)6(3+), enzyme product, and tris(3-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) depends on pH, because the formal potentials of an enzyme product and TCEP increase with decreasing pH although that of Ru(NH3)6(3+) is pH-independent. With consideration of the pH dependence of ECC redox cycling, a noble combination of enzyme label, substrate, and product [β-galactosidase, 4-amino-1-naphthyl β-D-galactopyranoside, and 4-amino-1-naphthol, respectively] is introduced to ensure fast and selective ECC redox cycling of the enzyme product along with a low background level. The selective ECC redox cycling at a low applied potential (0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl) minimizes the interference effect of electroactive species (L-ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid) in serum. A detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) for troponin I is obtained only 11 min after serum dropping without the use of an additional solution. Moreover, the lateral-flow immunoassay is applicable to the analysis of real clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rajibul Akanda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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Oh YK, Joung HA, Han HS, Suk HJ, Kim MG. A three-line lateral flow assay strip for the measurement of C-reactive protein covering a broad physiological concentration range in human sera. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:285-9. [PMID: 24906087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The lateral flow assay (LFA) strip sensor possesses many advantages as a diagnostic device, including the capabilities of rapid, one-step assay performance, and high throughput production. A major limitation of the sensor, however, is its difficulty in measuring a broad concentration range of target proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP), due to the "hook effect." In this study, we report the use of a three-line LFA strip sensor, adding an antigen line to the conventional two-line LFA sensor, for detecting CRP within a broad concentration range in human sera. We introduced an antigen line between test and control lines in the LFA sensor. The antigen line was formed by dispensing a CRP antibody solution followed by a CRP solution in nitrocellulose membrane. All other conditions were identical to those applied to the conventional LFA strip sensor. The CRP level in test samples was generated by data processing from the intensities of three lines. The strip sensor measured a linear detection range of CRP concentration from 1 ng/mL to 500 μg/mL within 10 min, with a calculated detection range of 0.69 ng/mL-1.02 mg/mL. Using the developed three-line LFA sensor, 50 clinical samples were measured at a detection range of 0.4-84.7 μg/mL. This novel and easy-to-use CRP sensor can be a useful tool for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of a broad physiological concentration range of CRP capabilities that are vital for various diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Oh
- INGIbio Co. Ltd., R&D Center, 206, APRI, 123 Chemdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Suk
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- INGIbio Co. Ltd., R&D Center, 206, APRI, 123 Chemdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Mun H, Jo EJ, Li T, Joung HA, Hong DG, Shim WB, Jung C, Kim MG. Homogeneous assay of target molecules based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) using DNAzyme-linked aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:308-13. [PMID: 24658027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed a single-stranded DNAzyme-aptamer sensor for homogeneous target molecular detection based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET). The structure of the engineered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) includes the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-like DNAzyme, optimum-length linker (10-mer-length DNA), and target-specific aptamer sequences. A quencher dye was modified at the 3' end of the aptamer sequence. The incorporation of hemin into the G-quadruplex structure of DNAzyme yields an active HRP-like activity that catalyzes luminol to generate a chemiluminescence (CL) signal. In the presence of target molecules, such as ochratoxin A (OTA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or thrombin, the aptamer sequence was folded due to the formation of the aptamer/analyte complex, which induced the quencher dye close to the DNAzyme structure. Consequently, the CRET occurred between a DNAzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence reaction and the quencher dye. Our results showed that CRET-based DNAzyme-aptamer biosensing enabled specific OTA analysis with a limit of detection of 0.27ng/mL. The CRET platform needs no external light source and avoids autofluorescence and photobleaching, and target molecules can be detected specifically and sensitively in a homogeneous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoyoung Mun
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jo
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihua Li
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Hong
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Joung HA, Oh YK, Kim MG. An automatic enzyme immunoassay based on a chemiluminescent lateral flow immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 53:330-5. [PMID: 24176968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic integrated enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) sensors are efficient systems for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, such systems are not only relatively expensive but also require a complicated manufacturing process. Therefore, additional fluidic control systems are required for the implementation of EIAs in a lateral flow immunosensor (LFI) strip sensor. In this study, we describe a novel LFI for EIA, the use of which does not require additional steps such as mechanical fluidic control, washing, or injecting. The key concept relies on a delayed-release effect of chemiluminescence substrates (luminol enhancer and hydrogen peroxide generator) by an asymmetric polysulfone membrane (ASPM). When the ASPM was placed between the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and the substrate pad, substrates encapsulated in the substrate pad were released after 5.3 ± 0.3 min. Using this delayed-release effect, we designed and implemented the chemiluminescent LFI-based automatic EIA system, which sequentially performed the immunoreaction, pH change, substrate release, hydrogen peroxide generation, and chemiluminescent reaction with only 1 sample injection. In a model study, implementation of the sensor was validated by measuring the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyou-Arm Joung
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
A highly rapid, one-step immunoassay of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) using a biosensor with a vertical flow immunoassay (VFA) was developed. The VFA biosensor was primarily composed of a sample pad, conjugate pad, FTH film and nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, which were all vertically stacked upon one another. Anti-hsCRP and secondary antibodies were consecutively immobilized on the NC membrane at the position below the holes. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with another anti-hsCRP antibody were encapsulated in the conjugation pad. Various assay conditions, including the size of the hole and the sample volume, were optimized. Under optimized conditions, hsCRP concentrations from 0.01 to 10 μg mL(-1) were detected within 2 min. In comparison with a lateral flow assay (LFA) system, the VFA sensor showed a gradual increase of signal in a concentration-dependent manner without a hook effect in the tested range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Oh
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute and Department of Photonics & Applied Physics (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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Abstract
We report on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) between graphene nanosheets and chemiluminescent donors. In contrast to fluorescence resonance energy transfer, CRET occurs via nonradiative dipole-dipole transfer of energy from a chemiluminescent donor to a suitable acceptor molecule without an external excitation source. We designed a graphene-based CRET platform for homogeneous immunoassay of C-reactive protein (CRP), a key marker for human inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, using a luminol/hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence (CL) reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. According to our results, anti-CRP antibody conjugated to graphene nanosheets enabled the capture of CRP at the concentration above 1.6 ng mL(-1). In the CRET platform, graphene played a key role as an energy acceptor, which was more efficient than graphene oxide, while luminol served as a donor to graphene, triggering the CRET phenomenon between luminol and graphene. The graphene-based CRET platform was successfully applied to the detection of CRP in human serum samples in the range observed during acute inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Joung HA, Lee NR, Lee SK, Ahn J, Shin YB, Choi HS, Lee CS, Kim S, Kim MG. High sensitivity detection of 16s rRNA using peptide nucleic acid probes and a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 630:168-73. [PMID: 19012828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A signal enhancing method allowing highly sensitive detection of E. coli 16s rRNA was developed using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) as a capture probe and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor as a detector. 16s rRNA has been used as a genetic marker for identification of organisms, and can be analyzed directly without PCR amplification due to the relatively high number of copies. PNA has a neutral backbone structure, therefore hybridization with 16s rRNA results in the ionic condition being changed from neutral to negative. A cationic Au nanoparticle was synthesized and used for signal amplification by ionic interaction with 16s rRNA hybridized on the PNA probe-immobilized SPR sensor chip. This method resulted in a detection limit of E. coli rRNA of 58.2+/-1.37 pg mL(-1). Using this analytical method, Staphylococcus aureus was detected without purification of rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyou-Arm Joung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Ryu J, Joung HA, Kim MG, Park CB. Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregation on a Solid Surface: From Monomers to Fully-Grown Fibrils. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2400-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7019514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungki Ryu
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, and BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, and BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, and BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, and BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Lee KH, Joung HA, Ahn JH, Kim KO, Oh IS, Shin YB, Kim MG, Kim DM. Real-time monitoring of cell-free protein synthesis on a surface plasmon resonance chip. Anal Biochem 2007; 366:170-4. [PMID: 17543877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the "open" nature of cell-free protein synthesis, this study investigated the direct analysis of protein expression using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. During the on-chip incubation of the reaction mixture for cell-free protein synthesis, the expressed protein molecules were immobilized onto the surface of the chip, giving rise to a sensorgram signal, which enabled on-line monitoring of protein expression. In addition, we found that the expression of the aggregation-prone proteins could be effectively monitored. The ability to monitor these proteins was most likely through the instant isolation of the expressed protein molecules onto the solid surface of the chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Joung HA, Shim WB, Chung DH, Ahn J, Chung BH, Choi HS, Ha SD, Kim KS, Lee KH, Kim CH, Kim KY, Kim MG. Screening of a specific monoclonal antibody against and detection ofListeria monocytogenes whole cells using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03028630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jeong EJ, Park K, Joung HA, Lee CS, Seol DW, Chung BH, Kim M. Detection of glucose-induced conformational change in hexokinase II using fluorescence complementation assay. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:797-802. [PMID: 17322968 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes in hexokinase are induced by its binding to glucose, thus providing an excellent example of an 'induced fit' model. To observe glucose-induced fluorescence restoration in hexokinase II using split-enhanced, green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in a process involving the reconstitution of split EGFP, E. coli cells expressing the chimeric NEGFP:HXK:CEGFP recombinant protein were treated with glucose and visualized via fluorescence read-outs. The reconstituted EGFP generated a strong fluorescence upon glucose stimulation of the bacteria. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity became stronger with increasing glucose up to 10 mM, with a maximum being observed after 60 min in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Conformational changes associated with glucose-induced fit in human hexokinase II can thus be monitored successfully in vivo via fluorescence reconstitution assays, coupled with a quick and easy fluorescent read-out protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Jeong
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Jung SO, Park K, Jeong EJ, Joung HA, Kim TH, Seol DW, Chung BH. Detection of Bax protein conformational change using a surface plasmon resonance imaging-based antibody chip. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1834-8. [PMID: 16288712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe an antibody chip technology that uses a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging system to examine the conformational change of a protein. In this study, we used Bax protein, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, as a model protein to investigate the conformational alteration triggered by a TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a potent inducer of apoptosis. To develop the antibody chip for detecting the Bax conformational change, we immobilized Bax monoclonal antibody 6A7, which recognizes only a conformationally changed Bax protein on a gold surface. The resultant immobilized Bax antibodies provided specific and accurate measurements of the active conformation-specific epitope in the apoptotic cancer cells treated with the TRAIL; these measurements corresponded to the data obtained by immunoprecipitation analysis using an active conformation-specific Bax antibody (6A7). The results of our study indicated that TRAIL-induced Bax structural change could be monitored quickly and simply using an SPR imaging system, thus demonstrating the potential for using such a system for the analysis of conformational properties of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonil Kim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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