1
|
Heo J, Ryu HJ, Park H, Kim TH, Kim SW, Oh YL, Chung JH. Mortality rate and causes of death in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Endocrine 2024; 83:671-680. [PMID: 37814113 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has an excellent prognosis; however, some PTMCs exhibit poor outcomes. Cancer-specific death from PTMC has been rarely reported, so we aimed to evaluate mortality rates and causes of death in patients who died with PTMC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 8969 PTMC patients treated at Samsung Medical Center from 1994 to 2017. Mortality rate and causes of death in PTMC patients were evaluated and compared with those of 7873 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) > 1 cm. In addition, we reviewed previous publications reporting cancer-specific deaths from PTMC. RESULTS Among the 8969 PTMC patients, 107 (1.2%) patients died. Only two (0.02%) patients have died of PTMC, which was less than the cancer-specific deaths from PTC > 1 cm (0.71%). Among the deceased PTMC patients, 63 (58.9%) died of other malignancies, three (2.8%) died of cardiovascular diseases, and five (4.7%) died of other diseases. Compared with PTC > 1 cm, cancer-specific deaths was less (1.9% vs. 15.1%, P < 0.001), and deaths from other malignancies were higher in deceased PTMC patients (58.9% vs. 30.5%, P < 0.001). According to 18 studies, PTMC-specific mortality rates ranged from 0.05% to 14.3%, and 336 cancer-specific deaths (0.43%) occurred among 78,770 PTMC patients. CONCLUSION The cancer-specific mortality rate of PTMC patients was extremely low (0.02%). More than half of deceased PTMC patients died of other malignancies, which was significantly more than those with PTC > 1 cm. These results support that active surveillance can be selected as a therapeutic option for PTMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 55, Hwasu-ro 14 beongil, Deokyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ryu HJ, Shin KH, Chang JH, Jang BS. Pattern and Complication of Reconstructed Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in the National Health Insurance Service Cohort. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S176-S177. [PMID: 37784437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This study aimed to analyze the nationwide pattern of reconstruction after mastectomy in patients with breast cancer who received postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) and to compare complications according to fractionation and reconstruction procedures. MATERIALS/METHODS By using claim data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, we analyzed breast cancer patients who received PMRT and underwent reconstruction between 2015 and 2020. We defined the grade ≥ 3 complications as the primary endpoint which involved hospital admission to the plastic surgery department. The complication was identified by using the procedure code for debridement and the International Classification of Diseases 10th codes for wound infections, dehiscence, necrosis, and mechanical complication of breast prosthesis and implant. The propensity score matching method was adopted to constitute the matched cohort between the hypofractionated fractionation (HF) and the conventional fractionation (CF), adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking history, PMRT technique, use of bolus, year of PMRT delivery, and reconstruction method. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between complication and variables. RESULTS Altogether 4,553 patients were analyzed: 1,395 (30.6%) in the HF group and 3,158 (69.4.%) in the CF group. The use of HF has steadily increased from 20.1% in 2015 to 42.2% in 2020. Immediate implant reconstruction (36.8%) method was the most frequently used, followed by immediate autologous (33.3%) and two-stage implant reconstruction methods (19.6%). In the matched cohort (N = 2,052), the major complication rate was not significantly different between the HF group and the CF group (5.9% [60/1,026] vs. 5.4% [55/1,026], P = 0.568) with the median follow-up of 30.9 months (range, 6.0-82.1). Surgical debridement was performed in 3.3% [34/1026] of the HF group and 3.5% [36/1026] of the CF group (P = 0.808). HF was not associated with major complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% CI 0.75-1.59, P = 0.128). CONCLUSION In a nationwide insurance cohort, the complication rate was not significantly different between the HF group and the CF group. Our data suggest HF for reconstructed breasts is comparable to CF. However, consultation for fractionation regimen for reconstructed breast cancer patients may be still required at time of consideration of PMRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K H Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - B S Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ryu HJ, Lee JH, Park CK, Kim TM, Choi SH, Lee ST. Distribution and Failure Patterns of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Related to Hippocampus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S160-S161. [PMID: 37784403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Hippocampus (HC) injury by conventional whole brain radiotherapy (C-WBRT) contributes to the neurocognitive decline in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Hippocampal avoidance (HA-WBRT) could minimize neurocognitive impairment by reducing the radiation dose to HC. However, its feasibility in PCNSL has not been examined regarding the incidence of HC involvement and failures. In this retrospective study, we assessed the risk of hippocampal area involvement at diagnosis and after treatments in PCNSL patients. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified 278 immunocompetent PCNSL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. After high dose methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy, patients were observed or given consolidation therapy including RT, cytarabine alone, or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). HC was contoured on T1 MRI image and expanded with a 5mm margin, generating hippocampal avoidance region (HAR). The extent of initial and recurrent lesions was evaluated using pre-induction and post-consolidation T1 contrast-enhanced MRI images. HC failure was defined as recurrence or progression at HAR and those who progressed after induction were excluded. The median follow up was 38.7 months (3.1-239.4). RESULTS Of 278 patients diagnosed with PCNSL, 39.9% of them had initial lesions at HAR (Figure 1a). After induction therapy, 212 evaluable patients received following treatments: RT (n = 145, 68.4%) consisting of C-WBRT (n = 114), HA-WBRT (n = 23), and focal RT (n = 8), observation (n = 38, 17.9%), cytarabine only (24, 11.3%), and ASCT (n = 5, 2.4%). Intracranial failures occurred in 47.6% (n = 101) of patients, with 33.7% (n = 34) of them in HAR (Figure 1b). The multivariate analysis identified multifocal disease (HR 3.86, 95% CI 1.15-9.73, p = 0.004) as the only factor associated with the risk of HC failure. Those with unifocal lesion outside HAR showed the lowest HC failure rate, 7.0%, while the highest HC failure rate, 25.4% was observed in the subgroup with multifocal disease within HAR at diagnosis (Figure 2a). In the lowest risk group (unifocal lesion outside HAR, n = 66), C-WBRT was not significantly associated with HC failure (HR 0.57, CI 0.09-3.33, P = .572, Figure 2b) or intracranial failure (HR 0.88, CI 0.40-1.91, P = .748). CONCLUSION Our data suggest the HA-WBRT could be explored in patients whose lesion is unifocal and located outside HAR. For patients without initial HAR involvement, hippocampal including WBRT did not significantly change HC failure. Further prospective study will be warranted to assess the feasibility of HA-WBRT in the subgroup with low risk of HC failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - C K Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - T M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park H, Ryu HJ, Heo J, Chung MK, Son YI, Kim JH, Hahn SY, Shin JH, Oh YL, Kim SW, Chung JH, Kim JS, Kim TH. Preoperative identification of low-risk medullary thyroid carcinoma: potential application to reduce total thyroidectomy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15663. [PMID: 37730953 PMCID: PMC10511442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (CND) for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This study aimed to identify low-risk MTC patients who may be candidates for lobectomy. We retrospectively reviewed MTC patients who underwent primary surgery at a tertiary referral center from 1998 to 2019. Eighty-five MTC patients were enrolled, excluding patients with primary tumor size > 2.0 cm. Among them, one (1.2%) patient had bilateral tumors. During a median follow-up of 84 months, 12 of the 85 patients experienced structural recurrence. 13 patients had occult lymph node metastasis, and structural recurrence occurred in 2 patients. Factors that significantly affected disease-free survival were clinical N stage (cN0 vs. cN1, log-rank P < 0.001), pathological N stage (pN0 vs. pN1, P < 0.001), and preoperative calcitonin levels (≤ 250 vs. > 250 pg/mL, P = 0.017). After categorizing patients into four groups, patients with preoperative calcitonin levels > 250 pg/mL and cN1 or pN1 had a significantly worse prognosis. Patients with a primary tumor size of 2 cm or less, cN0, and preoperative calcitonin of 250 pg/mL or less can be classified as low-risk MTC patients. We used preoperative clinical information to identify low-risk MTC patients. Lobectomy with prophylactic CND may be a potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 115 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Jung Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Man Ki Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 115 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 115 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Jee Soo Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 115 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06355, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huh H, Kim YS, Chung W, Kim YL, Kim Y, Han S, Jung YS, Na KY, Lee KB, Oh YK, Park HC, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kim YH, Kim SW, Lee KW, Park HC, Kim SG, Kim H, Lee CH, Bae KT, Oh KH, Ahn C, Ryu HJ, Kim YC. Evaluating the Safety and effectivenesS in adult KorEaN patients treated with Tolvaptan for management of autosomal domInAnt poLycystic kidney disease (ESSENTIAL): short-term outcomes during the titration period. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:216-228. [PMID: 36634967 PMCID: PMC10085719 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tolvaptan reduces height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) and renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study was aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in Korean patients with ADPKD during the titration period. Methods This study is a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase 4 study. We enrolled 108 patients with ADPKD (age, 19-50 years) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and factors defined as indicative of rapid disease progression. After tolvaptan titration, we evaluated efficacy and side effects and assessed factors associated with the effects. Results After titration for 4 weeks, eGFR and htTKV decreased by 6.4 ± 7.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 16 ± 45 mL/m, respectively. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed during the titration period. The greatest eGFR decline was observed in the first week, with a starting tolvaptan dose of 45 mg. Multivariate linear regression for htTKV decline showed that the greater the change in urine osmolality (Uosm), the greater the decrease in htTKV (β, 0.436; p = 0.009) in the 1D group stratified by the Mayo Clinic image classification. Higher baseline eGFR was related to a higher htTKV reduction rate in the 1E group (β, -0.642; p = 0.009). Conclusion We observed short-term effects and safety during the tolvaptan titration period, with the greatest decrease in kidney function occurring during the first week. The decline of htTKV can be predicted as a short-term effect of tolvaptan by observing Uosm changes from baseline to end of titration in 1D and baseline eGFR in 1E groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaerim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeup Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Beck Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Cheon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongtae T Bae
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kook Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heo J, Kim SM, Ryu HJ, Park H, Kim TH, Chung JH, Park HD, Kim SW. Identification of Mutations in the Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) Gene in Patients with TBG Deficiency in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:870-878. [PMID: 36475360 PMCID: PMC9816506 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a major transporter protein for thyroid hormones. The serpin family A member 7 (SERPINA7) gene codes for TBG, and mutations of the SERPINA7 gene result in TBG deficiency. Although more than 40 mutations have been reported in several countries, only a few studies of TBG deficiency and SERPINA7 gene mutation have been performed in Korea. The aim of this study is to review the clinical presentations and laboratory findings of patients with TBG deficiency and to investigate the types of SERPINA7 gene mutation. METHODS Five unrelated Korean adults with TBG deficiency attending endocrinology clinic underwent SERPINA7 gene sequencing. Four patients harbored a SERPINA7 gene mutation. Serum thyroid hormones, anti-microsomal antibodies, and TBG were measured. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. All exons and intron-exon boundaries of the TBG gene were amplified and sequencing was performed. RESULTS Two patients were heterozygous females, and the other two were hemizygous males. One heterozygous female had coexisting hypothyroidism. The other heterozygous female was erroneously prescribed levothyroxine at a local clinic. One hemizygous male harbored a novel mutation, p.Phe269Cysfs*18, which caused TBG partial deficiency. Three patients had the p.Leu372Phefs*23 mutation, which is known as TBG-complete deficiency Japan (TBG-CDJ) and was also presented in previous mutation analyses in Korea. CONCLUSION This study presents four patients diagnosed with TBG deficiency and provides the results of SERPINA7 gene sequencing. One novel mutation, p.Phe269Cysfs*18, causing TBD-partial deficiency and three cases of TBG-CDJ were demonstrated. It is necessary to identify TBG deficiency to prevent improper treatment. Also, sequencing of the SERPINA7 gene would provide valuable information about the TBG variants in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Wook Kim. Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-1653, Fax: +82-2-6918-4653 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang H, Park H, Ryu HJ, Heo J, Kim JS, Oh YL, Choe JH, Kim JH, Kim JS, Jang HW, Kim TH, Kim SW, Chung JH. Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:652-663. [PMID: 35864728 PMCID: PMC9449103 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are associated with increased recurrence and mortality in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Previous studies on TERT promoter mutations were retrospectively conducted on a limited number of patients. METHODS We prospectively collected data on all consecutive patients who underwent thyroid carcinoma surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We included 2,092 patients with thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS Of 2,092 patients, 72 patients (3.4%) had TERT promoter mutations. However, the frequency of TERT promoter mutations was 0.5% in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) ≤1 cm and it was 5.8% in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) >1 cm. The frequency of TERT promoter mutations was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; P<0.001), larger primary tumor size (OR, 2.02; P<0.001), and aggressive histological type (OR, 7.78 in follicular thyroid carcinoma; OR, 10.33 in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma; OR, 45.92 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; P<0.001). Advanced T stage, advanced N stage, and distant metastasis at diagnosis were highly prevalent in mutated thyroid cancers. However, initial distant metastasis was not present in patients with TERT promoter mutations in PTMC. Although the C228T mutation was more highly detected than the C250T mutation (64 cases vs. 7 cases), there were no significant clinicopathological differences. CONCLUSION This study is the first attempt to investigate the frequency of TERT promoter mutations in a real-world setting. The frequency of TERT promoter mutations in PTC was lower than expected, and in PTMC, young patients, and female patients, the frequency was very low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heera Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Heo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choe
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Soo Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jang
- Department of Medical Education, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jae Hoon Chung. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-3434, Fax: +82-2-3410-3849, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung JY, Ryu HJ, Lee SH, Kim DY, Kim MJ, Lee EJ, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Kim KP, Choi EY, Ahn HJ, Chang S. siRNA Nanoparticle Targeting PD-L1 Activates Tumor Immunity and Abrogates Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Humanized Preclinical Model. Cells 2021; 10:2734. [PMID: 34685714 PMCID: PMC8534711 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by late detection, frequent drug resistance, and a highly metastatic nature, leading to poor prognosis. Antibody-based immunotherapy showed limited success for pancreatic cancer, partly owing to the low delivery rate of the drug into the tumor. Herein, we describe a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid;PLGA)-based siRNA nanoparticle targeting PD-L1 (siPD-L1@PLGA). The siPD-L1@PLGA exhibited efficient knockdown of PD-L1 in cancer cells, without affecting the cell viability up to 6 mg/mL. Further, 99.2% of PDAC cells uptake the nanoparticle and successfully blocked the IFN-gamma-mediated PD-L1 induction. Consistently, the siPD-L1@PLGA sensitized cancer cells to antigen-specific immune cells, as exemplified by Ovalbumin-targeting T cells. To evaluate its efficacy in vivo, we adopted a pancreatic PDX model in humanized mice, generated by grafting CD34+ hematopoeitic stem cells onto NSG mice. The siPD-L1@PLGA significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor growth in this model with upregulated IFN-gamma positive CD8 T cells, leading to more apoptotic tumor cells. Multiplex immunofluorescence analysis exhibited comparable immune cell compositions in control and siPD-L1@PLGA-treated tumors. However, we found higher Granzyme B expression in the siPD-L1@PLGA-treated tumors, suggesting higher activity of NK or cytotoxic T cells. Based on these results, we propose the application of siPD-L1@PLGA as an immunotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.-M.R.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.-M.R.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Oncology, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hyung Jun Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyun YM, Seo SU, Choi WS, Kwon HJ, Kim DY, Jeong S, Kang GY, Yi E, Kim M, Ryu HJ, Looney MR, Choi EY, Kim HS. Endogenous DEL-1 restrains melanoma lung metastasis by limiting myeloid cell-associated lung inflammation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/45/eabc4882. [PMID: 33158867 PMCID: PMC7673713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis represents the primary cause of cancer-associated death. Pulmonary metastasis is most frequently seen in many cancers, largely driven by lung inflammation. Components from primary tumor or recruited leukocytes are known to facilitate metastasis formation. However, contribution of target site-specific host factor to metastasis is poorly understood. Here, we show that developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), an anti-inflammatory factor abundant in the lung and down-regulated by inflammatory insults, protects from melanoma lung metastasis independently of primary tumor development and systemic immunosurveillance. DEL-1 deficiency is associated with gene profiles that favor metastatic progression with inflammation and defective immunosurveillance. Mechanistically, DEL-1 deficiency primarily influences Ly6G+ neutrophil accumulation in lung metastatic niche, leading to IL-17A up-regulation from γδ T cells and reduced antimetastatic NK cells. In support, neutrophil depletion or recombinant DEL-1 treatment profoundly reverses these effects. Thus, our results identify DEL-1 as a previously unrecognized link between tumor-induced inflammation and pulmonary metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soi Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Yi Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark R Looney
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ryu HJ, Park JH, Choi M, Jung JH, Han K, Kwon DY, Kim DH, Park YG. Parkinson's disease and skin cancer risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2775-2780. [PMID: 32289877 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a significantly lower risk of cancer. Studies reporting prevalence of skin cancers in Parkinson's disease mostly involve Caucasians. OBJECTIVE A nationwide population-based study was conducted to determine the risk of skin cancer in patients diagnosed with PD in Korea. METHODS Data obtained from National Health Insurance Claims records were used to retrieve information about 70 780 patients with newly diagnosed PD between January 2010 and December 2015. The control group included 353 900 sex- and age-matched patients without PD. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we investigated the association between PD and skin cancer. RESULTS The overall hazard ratio (HR) of skin cancers in patients with PD was 1.169 (95% CI, 1.005-1.359) compared with non-PD group. Among patients with PD, males aged above 65 had a 2.8-fold increase in the risk for melanoma development than the non-PD group (HR, 2.825; 95% CI, 1.395-5.721). In addition, female PD patients aged above 65 years showed a 1.3-fold increase in non-melanoma skin cancer risk than the non-PD group (HR, 1.305; 95% 1.073-1.589). CONCLUSION Compared with the general population, Korean patients diagnosed with PD had a greater risk of skin cancer. Especially, male patients aged 65 years and above, and diagnosed with PD had a significant risk of melanoma development compared with control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - J-H Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-Y Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - D-H Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Y-G Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim DY, Lee SH, Fu Y, Jing F, Kim WY, Hong SB, Song JA, Choe H, Ryu HJ, Kim M, Lim D, Kim MS, Yun CO, Lee T, Hyun H, Choi EY. Del-1, an Endogenous Inhibitor of TGF-β Activation, Attenuates Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:68. [PMID: 32117240 PMCID: PMC7018852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β results in a wide range of pathologic conditions. Therapeutic interventions to regulate TGF-β signaling during fibrosis have been developed but the effectiveness is still limited. Here, we show that developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) ameliorates fibrosis in mice by inhibiting αv integrin-mediated activation of TGF-β. Del-1 bound to αvβ6 integrin, an important activator of TGF-β, and inhibited the binding of αvβ6 integrin to the latency-associated peptide (LAP), thereby suppressing αv integrin-mediated activation of TGF-β. Lack of Del-1 increased colocalization of αv integrin and LAP in the lungs, which was reversed by Del-1 supplementation. The crucial role of Del-1 in regulating TGF-β activity was recapitulated in a mouse model of fibrosis using an adenovirus expressing inactive TGF-β1. Del-1 supplementation improved the pathological characteristics of the mice and reduced mortality. Thus, we propose that Del-1 is a negative regulator of TGF-β activation and a potential anti-fibrotic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Feifeng Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Young Kim
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-A Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahae Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taewon Lee
- Division of Applied Mathematical Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim WY, Lee SH, Kim DY, Ryu HJ, Chon GR, Park YY, Fu Y, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Choi EY, Hong SB. Serum developmental endothelial locus-1 is associated with severity of sepsis in animals and humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13005. [PMID: 31506547 PMCID: PMC6737092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial-derived anti-inflammatory factor. We hypothesized that degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx during sepsis may increase serum Del-1. A mouse model of sepsis was created using cecal ligation and puncture. In septic mice, the endothelial glycocalyx was nearly completely degraded, with less formation of Del-1 in the endothelium and extracellular matrix than in control mice. Serum Del-1 levels were significantly increased in the septic mice with increasing severity of sepsis. Serum Del-1 levels were also measured in 84 patients with sepsis and septic shock and in 20 control subjects. The median serum Del-1 level in patients with sepsis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. The high Del-1 group had higher illness severity scores and contained more patients with organ dysfunction than the low Del-1 group. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the high Del-1 group than in the low Del-1 group. Multivariate analysis indicated a tendency for a high serum Del-1 level to be associated with a higher mortality risk. Increased serum Del-1 may be a novel diagnostic biomarker of sepsis and an indicator of disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Rak Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Man Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim CM, Jeong SH, Lee H, Ryu HJ, Son SW. Silver nanoparticles induce Egr-1-dependent psoriasin expression via the ERK and p38 pathways. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:390-396. [PMID: 30251408 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can prevent bacterial infection and improve cutaneous wound healing owing to their antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanism of their antimicrobial activity is poorly understood. AIM To determine the mechanistic relationship between Ag-NP treatment and expression of psoriasin. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes, neonatal (HEKn) were used. Psoriasin mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR. Western blotting was performed to verify expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and psoriasin, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Psoriasin promoter activity by Egr-1 was detected by a luciferase assay. RESULTS Treatment of HEKn with Ag-NPs induced psoriasin mRNA and protein expression. Upregulation of psoriasin promoter activity was also observed in the luciferase assay. Ag-NPs increased Egr-1 expression, promoter activity and nuclear translocation in HEKn. Psoriasin luciferase activity was increased in HEKn transfected with Egr-1 pcDNA 3.1. Ag-NPs activated MAPK pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. The upregulation of Egr-1 expression by Ag-NP stimulation was inhibited by ERK and p38 inhibitors, but not by a JNK inhibitor. Psoriasin expression was reduced in Egr-1 small interfering RNA-transfected HEKn. CONCLUSIONS Ag-NP treatment induces upregulation of psoriasin expression through Egr-1 expression. We suggest that the ERK and p38 pathways are involved in Egr-1-dependent psoriasin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Ryu
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Son
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi WI, Ryu HJ, Kim SJ, Oh KK. Thermo-mechanical fractionation of yellow poplar sawdust with a low reaction severity using continuous twin screw-driven reactor for high hemicellulosic sugar recovery. Bioresour Technol 2017; 241:63-69. [PMID: 28550774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Yellow poplar sawdust (YPS), a wood waste that can be easily collected from a local furniture factory, was fractionated using continuous twin screw-driven reactor for high hemicellulosic sugar recovery. The highest total sugar yields were attained under the following conditions: a barrel temperature of 127°C, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.8wt%, liquid feeding rate of 25mL/min, solid feeding rate of 2.0g/min, screw rotation speed of 25rpm, and residence time of 14.5min. The glucan and hemicellulose contents of the CTSR-fractionated YPS were 47.8% and 10.4%, respectively, and these results indicated that 44.9% of cellulose and 76.3% of the hemicellulose were extracted into liquid hydrolyzate. Meanwhile, the batch fractionation of YPS at the same reaction conditions showed a little fractionation effect, i.e., only 20.5% of hemicellulosic sugar yield was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Il Choi
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ju Kim
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 16890, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16890, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Combined De-Algination Process as a Fractionation Strategy for Valorization of Brown Macroalga Saccharina japonica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:238-249. [PMID: 27858350 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined process, de-algination followed by enzymatic saccharification, was designed to produce alginate and glucose from Saccharina japonica consecutively. The process conditions of de-algination were optimized separately for each stage of acidification and alkaline extraction. Collectively, the de-algination yield was 70.1% under the following optimized conditions: 2.4 wt% of Na2CO3, 70 °C, and 100 min with the acidified S. japonica immersed in a 0.5 wt% H2SO4 solution for 2 h at room temperature. The glucan content in the de-alginated S. japonica increased to 38.0%, which was approximately fivefold higher than that of the raw S. japonica. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the de-alginated S. japonica almost completed in 9 h, affording 5.2 g (96.8% of glucan digestibility) of glucose at a de-alginated S. japonica loading of 14.2 g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Ryu
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim TH, Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Low acid hydrothermal fractionation of Giant Miscanthus for production of xylose-rich hydrolysate and furfural. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:367-372. [PMID: 27380022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low acid hydrothermal (LAH) fractionation was developed for the effective recovery of hemicellulosic sugar (mainly xylose) from Miscanthus sacchariflorus Goedae-Uksae 1 (M. GU-1). The xylose yield was maximized at 74.75% when the M. GU-1 was fractionated at 180°C and 0.3wt.% of sulfuric acid for 10min. At this condition, the hemicellulose (mainly xylan) degradation was 86.41%. The difference between xylan degradation and xylose recovery yield, i.e., xylan loss, was 11.66%, as indicated by the formation of decomposed products. The furfural, the value added biochemical product, was also obtained by 0.42g/L at this condition, which was 53.82% of furfural production yield based on the xylan loss. After then, the furfural production continued to increase to a maximum concentration of 1.87g/L, at which point the xylan loss corresponded to 25.87%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park KR, Seo MR, Ryu HJ, Chi MJ, Baek HJ, Choi HJ. Acquired enophthalmos with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015; 25:88-92. [PMID: 26306741 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315600245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ocular involvement sometimes occurs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but enophthalmos with SLE is rare. We report a case of enophthalmos with SLE. A 25-year-old male was admitted for two weeks of fever, sore throat, arthralgia, chest pain and right arm weakness with pain. We diagnosed him with SLE with malar rash, arthritis, pleural effusion, proteinuria, leukopenia, positive antinuclear antibody, anti-dsDNA, and lupus anticoagulant. The patient was prescribed high-dose prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg. One week after discharge, he complained about a sensation of a sunken right eye. CT showed right enophthalmos, a post-inflammatory change and chronic inflammation. Proteinuria increased to 3.8 g/day after the patient stopped taking prednisolone. Cyclophosphamide therapy was administered for three months without improvement. We decided to restart prednisolone and change cyclophosphamide to mycophenolate mofetil. Proteinuria decreased but enophthalmos remains as of this reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Park
- Gachon University GiI Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| | - M R Seo
- Gachon University GiI Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| | - H J Ryu
- Gachon University GiI Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chi
- Gachon University Gil Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| | - H J Baek
- Gachon University GiI Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| | - H J Choi
- Gachon University GiI Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Incheon, the Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seo MR, Sung JY, Cho HJ, Ryu HJ, Choi HJ, Park CY, Baek HJ. Ascites associated with uterine leiomyoma in a 22-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2014; 23:1207-10. [PMID: 24972898 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314540763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ascites in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has a variety of etiologies, which usually require different treatment options. Our case was a 22-year-old patient with an unusual combination of ascites, uterine leiomyoma and SLE. The patient presented with painless ascites of an inflammatory nature. However, the ascites was not related to peritonitis and SLE disease activity. The ascites disappeared following laparotomy and tumor resection without additional medication. Gynecologic benign tumors including uterine leiomyoma can be the cause of ascites in SLE patients. Clinicians should be aware of that possibility in case painless ascites occurs in females with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C-Y Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee H, Hwang JH, Paik JH, Ryu HJ, Kim DK, Chin HJ, Oh YK, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Lee JP. Long-term prognosis of clinically early IgA nephropathy is not always favorable. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:94. [PMID: 24946688 PMCID: PMC4070337 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term prognosis of clinically early IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients remains to be clarified. We investigated the long-term outcomes of IgAN patients with an apparently benign presentation and evaluated prognostic factors for renal survival. Methods We included patients with biopsy-proven IgAN who had estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, normal blood pressure, and proteinuria <0.5 g/day at the time of biopsy. The primary outcome was progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The secondary outcome was a 50% increase in serum creatinine level or an increase in proteinuria to >1 g/day. Results The analysis included 153 patients who met the inclusion criteria. At diagnosis, their median systolic blood pressure was 120 (110–130) mmHg, eGFR was 85.9 (74.9–100.1) mL/min/1.73 m2, and proteinuria was 0.25 (0.13–0.38) g/day. Of these, 4 patients died and 6 reached ESRD. The 30-year renal survival rate was 85.5%. Three patients had increased serum creatinine levels and 11 developed proteinuria. Remission was observed in 35 (22.9%) patients. A moderate or severe degree of interstitial fibrosis (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 5.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–24.45, P = 0.014) and hypoalbuminemia (adjusted OR 6.18, 95% CI 1.20–31.79, P = 0.029) were independent predictors of the secondary outcome. Conclusions This study showed that the prognosis of early IgAN was not always favorable, even resulting in progression to ESRD in some cases. Hypoalbuminemia and interstitial fibrosis should also be considered important prognostic factors in clinically early IgAN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim JE, Ryu HJ, Kim MJ, Kang TC. LIM kinase-2 induces programmed necrotic neuronal death via dysfunction of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1036-49. [PMID: 24561342 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the aberrant activation of cell cycle proteins has a critical role in neuronal death, effectors or mediators of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)-mediated death signal are still unknown. Here, we describe a previously unsuspected role of LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) in programmed necrotic neuronal death. Downregulation of p27(Kip1) expression by Rho kinase (ROCK) activation induced cyclin D1/CDK4 expression levels in neurons vulnerable to status epilepticus (SE). Cyclin D1/CDK4 complex subsequently increased LIMK2 expression independent of caspase-3 and receptor interacting protein kinase 1 activity. In turn, upregulated LIMK2 impaired dynamic-related protein-1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission without alterations in cofilin phosphorylation/expression and finally resulted in necrotic neuronal death. Inhibition of LIMK2 expression and rescue of DRP1 function attenuated this programmed necrotic neuronal death induced by SE. Therefore, we suggest that the ROCK-p27(Kip1)-cyclin D1/CDK4-LIMK2-DRP1-mediated programmed necrosis may be new therapeutic targets for neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-E Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - T-C Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han M, Jeong JC, Koo TY, Jeon HJ, Kwon HY, Kim YJ, Ryu HJ, Ahn C, Yang J. Kidney donor risk index is a good prognostic tool for graft outcomes in deceased donor kidney transplantation with short, cold ischemic time. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:337-44. [PMID: 24506770 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the prognostic value of standard criteria donor/expanded criteria donor (SCD/ECD) designation, with regard to one-yr GFR and graft survival rate, in a region with short, cold ischemic time (CIT), and how this designation compares with the kidney donor risk index (KDRI) and zero-time kidney biopsies. METHODS We reviewed 362 cases of deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). Donor kidneys were classified as SCD or ECD. They were also assessed by the KDRI. Zero-time kidney biopsy was performed in 196 patients, and histologic score was assessed. RESULTS Median follow-up duration was 46 months. Forty-two cases (11.6%) used ECD kidneys. The mean CIT was only 4.9 ± 2.7 h. Graft survival rates were not significantly different between ECD and SCD groups. The KDRI showed the best correlation with one-yr estimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (R(2) = 0.230, p < 0.001), and higher KDRI was associated with a higher risk of graft failure (hazard ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.01-6.87). However, higher histologic score was not associated with a higher risk of graft failure. CONCLUSION KDRI has greater predictive value for short-term outcomes in DDKT with short CIT than the SCD/ECD designation or pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee JY, Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal severity on the fractionation of agricultural residues for xylose-rich hydrolyzates. Bioresour Technol 2013; 132:84-90. [PMID: 23395759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation for maximum solubilization of the hemicellulosic portion of three agricultural residues. The fractionation conditions converted into combined severity factor (CS) in the range of 1.2-2.9. The highest hemicellulose yield of 87.88% was achieved when barley straw was fractionated at a CS of 2.19. However, the maximum glucose release of 15.29% was achieved for the case of rice straw. The maximum productions of various by-products were observed with the fractionation of rape straw: 0.88 g/L of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 2.16 g/L of furfural, 0.44 g/L of levulinic acid, 1.59 g/L of formic acid, and 3.06 g/L of acetic acid. The highest selectivities, a criterion for evaluating the fractionation of 21.55 for fractionated solid and 7.48 for liquid hydrolyzate were obtained from barley straw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee JY, Li P, Lee J, Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Ethanol production from Saccharina japonica using an optimized extremely low acid pretreatment followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2013; 127:119-25. [PMID: 23131631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An extremely low acid (ELA) pretreatment using 0.06% (w/w) sulfuric acid at 170 °C for 15 min was employed to extract non-glucan components from Saccharina japonica, a brown macroalgae. Subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae DK 410362 and cellulase (15 FPU/g-glucan) and ß-glucosidase (70 pNPGU/g-glucan). Deionized water was used for making fermentation suspension. After the ELA pretreatment, a glucan content of 29.10% and an enzymatic digestibility of 83.96% was obtained for pretreated S. japonica. These values are 4.2- and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, than those of obtained with untreated S. japonica. In SSF, a bioethanol concentration of 6.65 g/L was obtained, corresponding to a glucose equivalent concentration of 13.01 g/L, which indicated an SSF yield of 67.41% based on the total available glucan of the pretreated S. japonica. The remaining separated liquid hydrolysate, which contains mannitol and alginate-derived oligosaccharides can be applied to other fermentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji ye Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim DY, Ryu HJ, Choi JY, Park JY, Lee DY, Kim BK, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Chon CY, Han KH. Radiological response predicts survival following transarterial chemoembolisation in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:1343-50. [PMID: 22486716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether initial compact lipiodol uptake after transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is associated with improved survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIM To reveal the clinical relevance of compact lipiodolisation after TACE. METHODS We studied 490 patients with unresectable HCC who had first been treated with TACE. Compact lipiodolisation was defined as the absence of an arterial enhancing lesion, reflecting complete lipiodol uptake, as assessed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) 1 month after treatment. The rate of initial compact lipiodolisation was analysed according to multiplicity and size of tumour, and survival of patients who achieved compact lipiodolisation was compared to that of patients who did not. RESULTS Of the 490 patients, 409 (83.5%) were in Child-Pugh class A and 81 (16.5%) in class B. The rate of initial compact lipiodolisation in single HCCs was higher than that in multinodular HCCs (33.7% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001). Among single HCCs, the rate of compact lipiodolisation in tumours ≤5, 5-10 and >10 cm was 46.6%, 13.6%, and 0% respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients with compact uptake were 92.7%, 70.7% and 52.4% compared to 60.8%, 28.0% and 16.9% in patients with noncompact lipiodolisation. Multivariate analysis revealed that Child-Pugh class, alpha-fetoprotein level, tumour node metastasis stage, portal vein thrombosis and initial compact lipiodolisation were independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS Initial compact lipiodol uptake after transarterial chemoembolisation is associated with improved survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Accordingly, initial complete lipiodolisation should be considered a relevant therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bac LH, Ryu HJ, Kim BK, Kim JS, Kim JC. Production and determination of the magnetic properties of the Fe-36Ni nanopowder via electrical explosion of wire in water and compacted alloy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:6433-6436. [PMID: 22121730 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fe-36Ni alloy nanopowder was prepared via electrical explosion of wire in DI water. The nanopowder was reduced in hydrogen at 500 degrees C for 30 min. Spark plasma sintering at 800 and 1000 degrees C for 10 min was used to obtain bulk samples from the hydrogen-reduced nanopowder. The sintered samples were annealed at 500 degrees C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the phases of the nanopowder and sintered samples. The results showed that the sintered samples were formed in gamma-(Fe-Ni) solid solution. The particles sizes and morphologies of the as-synthesized and hydrogen-reduced nanoparticles were observed via transmission electron microscopy. The morphologies of the as-synthesized nanoparticles had spherical core-shell structures. Core was gamma-(Fe-Ni) and the shell was FeO. The nanoparticles of the as-synthesized and hydrogen reduced samples were found to be nearly spherical in shape, with average diameters of 32 and 70 nm, respectively. The hysteresis loops of the as-synthesized nanopowder, hydrogen reduced nanopowder, and sintered samples revealed ferromagnetic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Bac
- School of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ulsan, San-29, Mugeo-2 Dong, Nam-Ku, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ryu HJ, Kim JE, Yeo SI, Kim DW, Kwon OS, Choi SY, Kang TC. F-actin depolymerization accelerates clasmatodendrosis via activation of lysosome-derived autophagic astroglial death. Brain Res Bull 2011; 85:368-73. [PMID: 21624438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clasmatodendrosis is an irreversible astroglial degenerative change, which includes extensive swelling and vacuolization of cell bodies and disintegrated and beaded processes. Since alteration in F-actin level influences on the formation of vacuoles/vesicles during exocytosis/endocytosis in astrocytes, we investigated whether F-actin polymerization involves clasmatodendrosis in the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus (SE). In the present study, vacuoles in clasmatodendrotic astrocytes showed LAMP-1 and LC3-II (a marker for autophagy) immunoreactivity. These findings reveal that clasmatodendrosis may be lysosome-derived autophagic astroglial death. Jasplakinolide (an F-actin stabilizer) infusion significantly decreased the size and the number of medium/large-sized vacuoles in each clasmatodendritic astrocyte accompanied by enhancement of phalloidin signals, as compared to vehicle-infusion. In contrast, latrunculin A (an F-actin-depolymerizing agent) infusion increased the size and the number of medium/large-sized vacuoles, which were dissociated adjacent to cell membrane. Therefore, our findings suggest that F-actin stabilization may inhibit lysosome-derived autophagic astroglial death during clasmatodendrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ryu HJ, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kwon HJ, Suh SW, Song HK, Kang TC. The protective effects of interleukin-18 and interferon-γ on neuronal damages in the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2010; 170:711-21. [PMID: 20674684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate whether interleukin-18 (IL-18) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) participates in neurodegeneartion, we investigated the changes in IL-18 and IFN-γ systems within the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus (SE). In non-SE induced animals, IL-18, IL-18 receptor α (IL-18Rα), IFN-γ and IFN-γ receptor α (IFN-γRα) immunoreactivity was not detected in the hippocampus. Following SE, IL-18 immunoreactivity was increased in CA1-3 pyramidal cells as well as dentate granule cells. IL-18 immunoreactivity was also up-regulated in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. IL-18Rα immunoreactivity was detected in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. IFN-γ immunoreactivity was detected only in astrocytes within all regions of the hippocampus. IFN-γRα immunoreactivity was increased in neurons as well as astrocytes. Intracerebroventricular infusions of recombinant rat IL-18 or IFN-γ alleviated SE-induced neuronal damages, while neutralization of IL-18, IFN-γ or their receptors aggravated them, as compared to saline-infused animals. These findings suggest that astroglial-mediated IFN-γ pathway in response to IL-18 induction may play an important role in alleviation of SE-induced neuronal damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-DO 200-702, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ryu HJ, Kim JE, Yeo SI, Kim DS, Kwon OS, Choi SY, Kang TC. Potential roles of D-serine and serine racemase in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2469-82. [PMID: 20623543 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To confirm the roles of D-serinergic gliotransmission in epilepsy, we investigated the relationship between spatiotemporally specific glial responses and the D-serine/serine racemase system in mesial temporal structures following status epilepticus (SE). In control animals, D-serine and serine racemase immunoreactivities were detected mainly in astrocytes. After SE, D-serine and serine racemase immunoreactivities were increased in astrocytes. Double-immunofluorescence study revealed that up-regulation of serine racemase immunoreactivity was relevant not to D-serine immunoreactivity but to nestin or vimentin immunoreactivity. Neither D-serine nor serine racemase was found in naïve or reactive microglia. In addition, phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1 (pNR1-Ser896) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was increased compared with controls. Increased D-serine immunoreactivity showed direct correlation with the phosphorylation of Ser896 of NR1. Given the findings of our previous study, these findings suggest that D-serine and serine racemase in astrocytes may play roles in neuronal hyperexcitability via a cooperative activation of NMDA receptors. Furthermore, serine racemase may be involved in migration and differentiation of immature astrocytes, which is relevant to reactive astrogliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ryu HJ, Oh KK, Kim YS. Optimization of the influential factors for the improvement of CO2 utilization efficiency and CO2 mass transfer rate. J IND ENG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Jang YJ, Ryu HJ, Choi YO, Lee JG, Kim C, Leem CH, Park CS. Effects of an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator on insulin resistance and hypertension in high-fat-fed rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Metabolism 2004; 53:269-72. [PMID: 15015134 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the possibility that a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) may be a cellular abnormality common to both insulin resistance and hypertension. In high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats, the steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was reduced by 40% (P <.05) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was elevated by 20 mm Hg (P <.01) in comparison to the normal chow-fed rats. Intravenous injection of 5,5'-dimethyl derivative of bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acetoxymethyl ester (dimethyl-BAPTA/AM), an effective intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, 90 minutes before the clamp not only restored about 50% of the reduced GIR, but also normalized MAP in the HFD rats. The chelator injection also significantly increased GIR by 25% (P <.01) and reduced MAP about 30 mm Hg (P <.01) in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In addition, we have recently shown in the HFD rats that an injection of dimethyl-BAPTA/AM normalizes elevated [Ca(2+)](i) in adipocytes. These results together demonstrate that lowering [Ca(2+)](i) simultaneously ameliorates both insulin resistance and hypertension and provide presumptive evidence that sustained high levels of [Ca(2+)](i) may play a common pathophysiologic role in these 2 diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
It has been postulated that sustained high levels of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the insulin target cells may cause insulin resistance. We evaluated this hypothesis by examining the effect of an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, 5,5'-dimethyl derivative of bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acetoxymethyl ester (dimethyl-BAPTA/AM), on insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was induced in rats by feeding a high-fat diet for 3 to 4 weeks. The whole body insulin sensitivity was determined by the steady state glucose infusion rate (GIR) under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (6 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)) clamps. Compared with control rats, the high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats showed significantly lower GIR (12.2 +/- 0.7 v 20.2 +/- 0.9 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P <.01). In the HFD rats, an intravenous injection of dimethyl-BAPTA/AM (6 mg/kg) 90 minutes before the clamps significantly increased GIR to 16.3 +/- 0.9 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P <.02), reversing insulin resistance by about 50%; but this intervention had no effect in the controls. This increase in GIR by dimethyl-BAPTA/AM was observed without an increase in femoral artery blood flow, indicating that the chelator increased GIR directly through improving cellular responsiveness to insulin. The stimulatory effect of insulin on 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) uptake by the isolated epididymal adipocytes was reduced by 35% in the HFD rats compared with the control rats (P <.01). Pretreatment of the HFD rats with dimethyl-BAPTA/AM restored 2-DG uptake to the level in the control rats. The direct measurement of [Ca(2+)](i) using fura-2/AM in isolated adipocytes showed that basal [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly higher in the HFD rats than in the control rats (145 +/- 11 v 112 +/- 9 nmol/L; P <.05). An injection of dimethyl-BAPTA/AM in the HFD rats lowered [Ca(2+)](i) to 127 +/- 11 nmol/L, which did not differ from the level in the control rats (P >.2). The present study clearly demonstrates that an injection of intracellular Ca(2+) chelator in the HFD rats reverses insulin resistance, as well as normalizes elevated [Ca(2+)](i) in the insulin target cells. The results strongly support that sustained high levels of [Ca(2+)](i) in the insulin target cells may play an important role in insulin resistance, at least in the HFD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jang
- Department of Physiology and the Institute for Calcium Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpagu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim TD, Ryu HJ, Cho HI, Yang CH, Kim J. Thermal behavior of proteins: heat-resistant proteins and their heat-induced secondary structural changes. Biochemistry 2000; 39:14839-46. [PMID: 11101300 DOI: 10.1021/bi001441y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most proteins are denatured by heat treatment, and the process is usually irreversible. However, some proteins, such as hyperthermophilic proteins are known to be stable even at the boiling temperature of water. We here describe a systematic investigation of thermal behavior of proteins by purifying and characterizing some heat-resistant proteins (HRPs) that are not aggregated upon heat treatment. Although most proteins were precipitated by boiling in a water bath, about 20 and 70 wt % of total proteins appeared to be heat-resistant in Jurkat T-cell lysates and human serum, respectively. We identified major HRPs from Jurkat T-cells and human serum by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and Western blot analysis. HRPs of 20 and 45 kDa (HRP20 and HRP45) were identified as alpha-synuclein and calreticulin, respectively, and HRPs of 60, 27, and 16 kDa (HRP60, HRP27, and HRP16) were identified as human serum fetuin, apolipoprotein A-I, and transthyretin, respectively. By a systematic investigation of the effect of heat on the secondary structure of the purified HRPs by circular dichroic spectroscopy, we observed four major types of thermal behavior, suggesting that the proteins could protect themselves through these pathways. Although our analysis is restricted to protein secondary structural changes, our data indicate that heat resistance of protein can be achieved in several different ways depending on the thermodynamic stability of native (N), unfolded (U), denatured (D), and intermediate (I) states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Brain Korea 21 Project of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ryu SJ, Kim D, Ryu HJ, Chiba S, Kimura A, Day DF. Purification and partial characterization of a novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 and its use for inhibition of insoluble glucan formation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:223-8. [PMID: 10737173 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 74054 was purified. The single protein (100 kDa) showed either dextranolytic or amylolytic activity. We referred to the glucanhydrolase as a DXAMase. The DXAMase was produced in a starch medium and it was 3.75-fold more active for hydrolysis of the purified insoluble-glucan of Streptococcus mutans than Penicillium funiculosum dextranase. Aggregation of S. mutans cells with dextran and adherence to glass were eliminated by incubating with the DXAMase. The addition of DXAMase (0.1 IU/ml) to the mutansucrase reaction digest with sucrose reduced the formation of insoluble-glucan about 80%. Also the DXAMase (0.5 IU/ml) removed 80% of the pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent film. These in vitro properties of L. starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee TH, Ryu HJ, Chung PW, Lim WS, Chung MY. The prevalence of diabetic complications in Korea. J Med Assoc Thai 1987; 70 Suppl 2:173-9. [PMID: 3598428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
35
|
Abstract
In order to elucidate the prevalence of individual complications and its relation to the age of patients and to the duration of diabetes in Korean diabetics, the authors observed 1442 diabetic patients (816 males and 626 females, with the age range 11 to 86) who were treated at the Chonnam University Hospital from 1982 to 1986. The results were as follows: 1) The overall prevalence of the diabetic complication was 38.6%, and prevalence of age group under 20 was 31%, and 30%, 24%, 31%, 45% and 49% for 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and over 6th decade, respectively. An increase in incidence after 40 years of age was noted. Among all complications, cardiovascular complication (25.7%) had the highest incidence while others were in the following order neuropathy (24.2%), retinopathy (24.0%), nephropathy (15.5%), infection (10.5%), and acute diabetic coma (2.1%). The prevalence of complication was not significantly different in sexes, however, increasing prevalence was noted after 40 years of age. 2) In neuropathy, peripheral type was the most common, and background retinopathy was frequently observed. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was reported in 22 cases from the total of 26 cases of retinopathy in patients over 40 years of age. Seventy percent of patients with nephropathy had proteinuria with no significant in BUN and creatinine levels; and the dominant groups was males over 40 years of age. 3) Hypertension was the most common cardiovascular complication with no gender difference, while atherosclerosis and cerebral thrombosis were frequently observed in males over 40 years of age. Foot gangrene was seen in all age groups but it was especially prevalent in males in their sixties. 4) Among infectious complications, pulmonary tuberculosis had the highest frequency (21.6%), and skin infection (19.2%), and urinary tract infection (17.4%) were common complications; also emphysematous pyelonephritis was found in 2 cases. These results suggest that chronic diabetic complications relate to the duration of the disease and to the age of patients. The prevalence rate of diabetic complications should be evaluated considering factors such as racial and socioeconomic conditions, and possible risk factors for individual complications. With the clinical use of insulin and antibiotics, mortality from acute diabetic complications, such as coma or infections, showed significant decrease in contrast to the increasing prevalence of late complications which became the major causes of fatality in diabetics. Although these chronic complications were rising, determination of the exact prevalence in the population was difficult and varied in every report due to their occurrence in various combinations. This study was performed to elucidate (1) the prevalence of individual complication and (2) its relation to the age of patients and (3) its relation to the duration of diabetes in korean diabetics.
Collapse
|