1
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Davison G, Martin MP, Turberville S, Dormen S, Heath R, Heptinstall AB, Lawson M, Miller DC, Ng YM, Sanderson JN, Hope I, Wood DJ, Cano C, Endicott JA, Hardcastle IR, Noble MEM, Waring MJ. Mapping Ligand Interactions of Bromodomains BRD4 and ATAD2 with FragLites and PepLites─Halogenated Probes of Druglike and Peptide-like Molecular Interactions. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15416-15432. [PMID: 36367089 PMCID: PMC9706561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of ligands for biological targets is critically dependent on the identification of sites on proteins that bind molecules with high affinity. A set of compounds, called FragLites, can identify such sites, along with the interactions required to gain affinity, by X-ray crystallography. We demonstrate the utility of FragLites in mapping the binding sites of bromodomain proteins BRD4 and ATAD2 and demonstrate that FragLite mapping is comparable to a full fragment screen in identifying ligand binding sites and key interactions. We extend the FragLite set with analogous compounds derived from amino acids (termed PepLites) that mimic the interactions of peptides. The output of the FragLite maps is shown to enable the development of ligands with leadlike potency. This work establishes the use of FragLite and PepLite screening at an early stage in ligand discovery allowing the rapid assessment of tractability of protein targets and informing downstream hit-finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Davison
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Mathew P. Martin
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Shannon Turberville
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Selma Dormen
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Richard Heath
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Amy B. Heptinstall
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Marie Lawson
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Duncan C. Miller
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Yi Min Ng
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - James N. Sanderson
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Ian Hope
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Daniel J. Wood
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Jane A. Endicott
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Martin E. M. Noble
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Waring
- Cancer
Research Horizons Therapeutic Innovation, Newcastle Drug Discovery
Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of
Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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2
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Al-Khawaldeh I, Al Yasiri MJ, Aldred GG, Basmadjian C, Bordoni C, Harnor SJ, Heptinstall AB, Hobson SJ, Jennings CE, Khalifa S, Lebraud H, Martin MP, Miller DC, Shrives HJ, de Souza JV, Stewart HL, Temple M, Thomas HD, Totobenazara J, Tucker JA, Tudhope SJ, Wang LZ, Bronowska AK, Cano C, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Hickson I, Wedge SR, Willmore E, Noble MEM, Waring MJ. An Alkynylpyrimidine-Based Covalent Inhibitor That Targets a Unique Cysteine in NF-κB-Inducing Kinase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10001-10018. [PMID: 34212719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key enzyme in the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, of interest in the treatment of a variety of diseases including cancer. Validation of NIK as a drug target requires potent and selective inhibitors. The protein contains a cysteine residue at position 444 in the back pocket of the active site, unique within the kinome. Analysis of existing inhibitor scaffolds and early structure-activity relationships (SARs) led to the design of C444-targeting covalent inhibitors based on alkynyl heterocycle warheads. Mass spectrometry provided proof of the covalent mechanism, and the SAR was rationalized by computational modeling. Profiling of more potent analogues in tumor cell lines with constitutively activated NIK signaling induced a weak antiproliferative effect, suggesting that kinase inhibition may have limited impact on cancer cell growth. This study shows that alkynyl heterocycles are potential cysteine traps, which may be employed where common Michael acceptors, such as acrylamides, are not tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Al-Khawaldeh
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Mohammed J Al Yasiri
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Gregory G Aldred
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Christine Basmadjian
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Cinzia Bordoni
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Amy B Heptinstall
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hobson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Claire E Jennings
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Shaimaa Khalifa
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Honorine Lebraud
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Mathew P Martin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | | | - João V de Souza
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Hannah L Stewart
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Max Temple
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jane Totobenazara
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Julie A Tucker
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Susan J Tudhope
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Lan Z Wang
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Agnieszka K Bronowska
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ian Hickson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Stephen R Wedge
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Michael J Waring
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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3
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Chessari G, Hardcastle IR, Ahn JS, Anil B, Anscombe E, Bawn RH, Bevan LD, Blackburn TJ, Buck I, Cano C, Carbain B, Castro J, Cons B, Cully SJ, Endicott JA, Fazal L, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Harnor SJ, Hearn K, Hobson S, Holvey RS, Howard S, Jennings CE, Johnson CN, Lunec J, Miller DC, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Reeks J, Revill CH, Riedinger C, St Denis JD, Tamanini E, Thomas H, Thompson NT, Vinković M, Wedge SR, Williams PA, Wilsher NE, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Structure-Based Design of Potent and Orally Active Isoindolinone Inhibitors of MDM2-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4071-4088. [PMID: 33761253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 protein-protein interaction with small molecules has been shown to reactivate p53 and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we describe rational, structure-guided, design of novel isoindolinone-based MDM2 inhibitors. MDM2 X-ray crystallography, quantum mechanics ligand-based design, and metabolite identification all contributed toward the discovery of potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction with representative compounds inducing cytostasis in an SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model following once-daily oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Chessari
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jong Sook Ahn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Burcu Anil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Anscombe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ruth H Bawn
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Luke D Bevan
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Timothy J Blackburn
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ildiko Buck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Celine Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Juan Castro
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Ben Cons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sarah J Cully
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Lynsey Fazal
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Karen Haggerty
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Keisha Hearn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Stephen Hobson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Rhian S Holvey
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Steven Howard
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Claire E Jennings
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Christopher N Johnson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - John Lunec
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - David R Newell
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Judith Reeks
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Charlotte H Revill
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Christiane Riedinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jeffrey D St Denis
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Emiliano Tamanini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Huw Thomas
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Neil T Thompson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Mladen Vinković
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Stephen R Wedge
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Pamela A Williams
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Nicola E Wilsher
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Bian Zhang
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Yan Zhao
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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4
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Matheson CJ, Coxon CR, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carbain B, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Harnor SJ, Mas-Droux C, Newell DR, Richards MW, Sivaprakasam M, Turner D, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C. 2-Arylamino-6-ethynylpurines are cysteine-targeting irreversible inhibitors of Nek2 kinase. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:707-731. [PMID: 33479670 PMCID: PMC7649933 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewed interest in covalent inhibitors of enzymes implicated in disease states has afforded several agents targeted at protein kinases of relevance to cancers. We now report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-ethynylpurines that act as covalent inhibitors of Nek2 by capturing a cysteine residue (Cys22) close to the catalytic domain of this protein kinase. Examination of the crystal structure of the non-covalent inhibitor 3-((6-cyclohexylmethoxy-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzamide in complex with Nek2 indicated that replacing the alkoxy with an ethynyl group places the terminus of the alkyne close to Cys22 and in a position compatible with the stereoelectronic requirements of a Michael addition. A series of 6-ethynylpurines was prepared and a structure activity relationship (SAR) established for inhibition of Nek2. 6-Ethynyl-N-phenyl-7H-purin-2-amine [IC50 0.15 μM (Nek2)] and 4-((6-ethynyl-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (IC50 0.14 μM) were selected for determination of the mode of inhibition of Nek2, which was shown to be time-dependent, not reversed by addition of ATP and negated by site directed mutagenesis of Cys22 to alanine. Replacement of the ethynyl group by ethyl or cyano abrogated activity. Variation of substituents on the N-phenyl moiety for 6-ethynylpurines gave further SAR data for Nek2 inhibition. The data showed little correlation of activity with the nature of the substituent, indicating that after sufficient initial competitive binding to Nek2 subsequent covalent modification of Cys22 occurs in all cases. A typical activity profile was that for 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide [IC50 0.06 μM (Nek2); GI50 (SKBR3) 2.2 μM] which exhibited >5-10-fold selectivity for Nek2 over other kinases; it also showed > 50% growth inhibition at 10 μM concentration against selected breast and leukaemia cell lines. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed that binding of the compound to the Nek2 ATP-binding site resulted in covalent modification of Cys22. Further studies confirmed that 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide has the attributes of a drug-like compound with good aqueous solubility, no inhibition of hERG at 25 μM and a good stability profile in human liver microsomes. It is concluded that 6-ethynylpurines are promising agents for cancer treatment by virtue of their selective inhibition of Nek2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Matheson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Kathy Boxall
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Andrew M Fry
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Corine Mas-Droux
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - David R Newell
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Translational and Clinical Research Institute , Newcastle University Centre for Cancer , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - David Turner
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
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5
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Myers SM, Miller DC, Molyneux L, Arasta M, Bawn RH, Blackburn TJ, Cook SJ, Edwards N, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hammonds T, Hardcastle IR, Harnor SJ, Heptinstall AB, Lochhead PA, Martin MP, Martin NC, Newell DR, Owen PJ, Pang LC, Reuillon T, Rigoreau LJM, Thomas HD, Tucker JA, Wang LZ, Wong AC, Noble MEM, Wedge SR, Cano C. Identification of a novel orally bioavailable ERK5 inhibitor with selectivity over p38α and BRD4. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:530-543. [PMID: 31212132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) signalling has been implicated in driving a number of cellular phenotypes including endothelial cell angiogenesis and tumour cell motility. Novel ERK5 inhibitors were identified using high throughput screening, with a series of pyrrole-2-carboxamides substituted at the 4-position with an aroyl group being found to exhibit IC50 values in the micromolar range, but having no selectivity against p38α MAP kinase. Truncation of the N-substituent marginally enhanced potency (∼3-fold) against ERK5, but importantly attenuated inhibition of p38α. Systematic variation of the substituents on the aroyl group led to the selective inhibitor 4-(2-bromo-6-fluorobenzoyl)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (IC50 0.82 μM for ERK5; IC50 > 120 μM for p38α). The crystal structure (PDB 5O7I) of this compound in complex with ERK5 has been solved. This compound was orally bioavailable and inhibited bFGF-driven Matrigel plug angiogenesis and tumour xenograft growth. The selective ERK5 inhibitor described herein provides a lead for further development into a tool compound for more extensive studies seeking to examine the role of ERK5 signalling in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Myers
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lauren Molyneux
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mercedes Arasta
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ruth H Bawn
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Timothy J Blackburn
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Noel Edwards
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Amy B Heptinstall
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Pamela A Lochhead
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mathew P Martin
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nick C Martin
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Paul J Owen
- Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Leon C Pang
- Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Tristan Reuillon
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Laurent J M Rigoreau
- Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Campus, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Julie A Tucker
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lan-Zhen Wang
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ai-Ching Wong
- Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Stephen R Wedge
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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6
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Wood DJ, Lopez-Fernandez JD, Knight LE, Al-Khawaldeh I, Gai C, Lin S, Martin MP, Miller DC, Cano C, Endicott JA, Hardcastle IR, Noble MEM, Waring MJ. FragLites-Minimal, Halogenated Fragments Displaying Pharmacophore Doublets. An Efficient Approach to Druggability Assessment and Hit Generation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3741-3752. [PMID: 30860382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Identifying ligand binding sites on proteins is a critical step in target-based drug discovery. Current approaches to this require resource-intensive screening of large libraries of lead-like or fragment molecules. Here, we describe an efficient and effective experimental approach to mapping interaction sites using a set of halogenated compounds expressing paired hydrogen-bonding motifs, termed FragLites. The FragLites identify productive drug-like interactions, which are identified sensitively and unambiguously by X-ray crystallography, exploiting the anomalous scattering of the halogen substituent. This mapping of protein interaction surfaces provides an assessment of druggability and can identify efficient start points for the de novo design of hit molecules incorporating the interacting motifs. The approach is illustrated by mapping cyclin-dependent kinase 2, which successfully identifies orthosteric and allosteric sites. The hits were rapidly elaborated to develop efficient lead-like molecules. Hence, the approach provides a new method of identifying ligand sites, assessing tractability and discovering new leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wood
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH , U.K
| | - J Daniel Lopez-Fernandez
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Leanne E Knight
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Islam Al-Khawaldeh
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Conghao Gai
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Shengying Lin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Mathew P Martin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH , U.K
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Céline Cano
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH , U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH , U.K
| | - Michael J Waring
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
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7
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Miller DC, Martin MP, Adhikari S, Brennan A, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Heptinstall A, Hobson S, Jennings C, Molyneux L, Ng Y, Wedge SR, Noble MEM, Cano C. Identification of a novel ligand for the ATAD2 bromodomain with selectivity over BRD4 through a fragment growing approach. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1843-1850. [PMID: 29469144 PMCID: PMC6102691 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ATAD2 is an ATPase that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and associated with a poor patient prognosis. This protein has been suggested to function as a cofactor for a range of transcription factors, including the proto-oncogene MYC and the androgen receptor. ATAD2 comprises an ATPase domain, implicated in chromatin remodelling, and a bromodomain which allows it to interact with acetylated histone tails. Dissection of the functional roles of these two domains would benefit from the availability of selective, cell-permeable pharmacological probes. An in silico evaluation of the 3D structures of various bromodomains suggested that developing small molecule ligands for the bromodomain of ATAD2 is likely to be challenging, although recent reports have shown that ATAD2 bromodomain ligands can be identified. We report a structure-guided fragment-based approach to identify lead compounds for ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitor development. Our findings indicate that the ATAD2 bromodomain can accommodate fragment hits (Mr < 200) that yield productive structure-activity relationships, and structure-guided design enabled the introduction of selectivity over BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Miller
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Mathew P Martin
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Alfie Brennan
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Amy Heptinstall
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Stephen Hobson
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Claire Jennings
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Lauren Molyneux
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Yvonne Ng
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Stephen R Wedge
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Drug Discovery, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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8
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Hill SL, Dunn M, Cano C, Harnor SJ, Hardcastle IR, Grundlingh J, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Tucker S, Bartram T, Thomas SHL. Human Toxicity Caused by Indole and Indazole Carboxylate Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists: From Horizon Scanning to Notification. Clin Chem 2018; 64:346-354. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.275867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), particularly synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA), has involved hundreds of potentially harmful chemicals in a highly dynamic international market challenging users', clinicians', and regulators' understanding of what circulating substances are causing harm. We describe a toxicovigilance system for NPS that predicted the UK emergence and identified the clinical toxicity caused by novel indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA.
METHODS
To assist early accurate identification, we synthesized 5 examples of commercially unavailable indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA (FUB-NPB-22, 5F-NPB-22, 5F-SDB-005, FUB-PB-22, NM-2201). We analyzed plasma and urine samples from 160 patients presenting to emergency departments with severe toxicity after suspected NPS use during 2015 to 2016 for these and other NPS using data-independent LC-MS/MS.
RESULTS
We successfully synthesized 5 carboxylate SCRAs using established synthetic and analytical chemistry methodologies. We identified at least 1 SCRA in samples from 49 patients, including an indole or indazole carboxylate SCRA in 17 (35%), specifically 5F-PB-22 (14%), FUB PB-22 (6%), BB-22 (2%), 5F NPB-22 (20%), FUB NPB-22 (2%), and 5F-SDB-005 (4%). In these 17 patients, there was analytical evidence of other substances in 16. Clinical features included agitation and aggression (82%), reduced consciousness (76%), acidosis (47%), hallucinations and paranoid features (41%), tachycardia (35%), hypertension (29%), raised creatine kinase (24%), and seizures (12%).
CONCLUSIONS
This toxicovigilance system predicted the emergence of misuse of indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA, documented associated clinical harms, and notified relevant agencies. Toxicity appears consistent with other SCRA, including mental state disturbances and reduced consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Hill
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Dunn
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Céline Cano
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ian R Hardcastle
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Kings Health Partners, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Kings Health Partners, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Tucker
- Emergency Department, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Thomas Bartram
- Emergency Department, Pennine Acute Hospital Trust, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK
| | - Simon H L Thomas
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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9
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Drummond CJ, Esfandiari A, Liu J, Lu X, Hutton C, Jackson J, Bennaceur K, Xu Q, Makimanejavali AR, Del Bello F, Piergentili A, Newell DR, Hardcastle IR, Griffin RJ, Lunec J. TP53 mutant MDM2-amplified cell lines selected for resistance to MDM2-p53 binding antagonists retain sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46203-46218. [PMID: 27323823 PMCID: PMC5216791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-genotoxic reactivation of the p53 pathway by MDM2-p53 binding antagonists is an attractive treatment strategy for wild-type TP53 cancers. To determine how resistance to MDM2/p53 binding antagonists might develop, SJSA-1 and NGP cells were exposed to growth inhibitory concentrations of chemically distinct MDM2 inhibitors, Nutlin-3 and MI-63, and clonal resistant cell lines generated. The p53 mediated responses of parental and resistant cell lines were compared. In contrast to the parental cell lines, p53 activation by Nutlin-3, MI-63 or ionizing radiation was not observed in either the SJSA-1 or the NGP derived cell lines. An identical TP53 mutation was subsequently identified in both of the SJSA-1 resistant lines, whilst one out of three identified mutations was common to both NGP derived lines. Mutation specific PCR revealed these mutations were present in parental SJSA-1 and NGP cell populations at a low frequency. Despite cross-resistance to a broad panel of MDM2/p53 binding antagonists, these MDM2-amplified and TP53 mutant cell lines remained sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). These results indicate that MDM2/p53 binding antagonists will select for p53 mutations present in tumours at a low frequency at diagnosis, leading to resistance, but such tumours may nevertheless remain responsive to alternative therapies, including IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Drummond
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Arman Esfandiari
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hutton
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Bennaceur
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Xu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Rao Makimanejavali
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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10
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Coxon CR, Wong C, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carr KH, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Sivaprakasam M, Thomas H, Turner D, Yeoh S, Wang LZ, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C. Structure-guided design of purine-based probes for selective Nek2 inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19089-19124. [PMID: 27833088 PMCID: PMC5386672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is a cell cycle-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centrosome separation at the onset of mitosis. Overexpression of Nek2 is common in human cancers and suppression can restrict tumor cell growth and promote apoptosis. Nek2 inhibition with small molecules, therefore, offers the prospect of a new therapy for cancer. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the requirements for selective-inhibition of Nek2 is required. 6-Alkoxypurines were identified as ATP-competitive inhibitors of Nek2 and CDK2. Comparison with CDK2-inhibitor structures indicated that judicious modification of the 6-alkoxy and 2-arylamino substituents could achieve discrimination between Nek2 and CDK2. In this study, a library of 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-arylaminopurines bearing carboxamide, sulfonamide and urea substituents on the 2-arylamino ring was synthesized. Few of these compounds were selective for Nek2 over CDK2, with the best result being obtained for 3-((6-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide (CDK2 IC50 = 7.0 μM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.62 μM) with >10-fold selectivity. Deletion of the 6-substituent abrogated activity against both Nek2 and CDK2. Nine compounds containing an (E)-dialkylaminovinyl substituent at C-6, all showed selectivity for Nek2, e.g. (E)-6-(2-(azepan-1-yl)vinyl)-N-phenyl-9H-purin-2-amine (CDK2 IC50 = 2.70 μM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.27 μM). Structural biology of selected compounds enabled a partial rationalization of the observed structure activity relationships and mechanism of Nek2 activation. This showed that carboxamide 11 is the first reported inhibitor of Nek2 in the DFG-in conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Coxon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Wong
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kathy Boxall
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Katherine H. Carr
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew M. Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David R. Newell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Turner
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sharon Yeoh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lan Z. Wang
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Céline Cano
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Coxon C, Anscombe E, Harnor SJ, Martin MP, Carbain B, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Harlow LK, Korolchuk S, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Sivaprakasam M, Tudhope SJ, Turner DM, Wang LZ, Wedge SR, Wong C, Griffin RJ, Endicott JA, Cano C. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Insights into the CDK-2 Selectivity of 6-Substituted 2-Arylaminopurines. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1746-1767. [PMID: 28005359 PMCID: PMC6111440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purines and related heterocycles substituted at C-2 with 4'-sulfamoylanilino and at C-6 with a variety of groups have been synthesized with the aim of achieving selectivity of binding to CDK2 over CDK1. 6-Substituents that favor competitive inhibition at the ATP binding site of CDK2 were identified and typically exhibited 10-80-fold greater inhibition of CDK2 compared to CDK1. Most impressive was 4-((6-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)amino) benzenesulfonamide (73) that exhibited high potency toward CDK2 (IC50 0.044 μM) but was ∼2000-fold less active toward CDK1 (IC50 86 μM). This compound is therefore a useful tool for studies of cell cycle regulation. Crystal structures of inhibitor-kinase complexes showed that the inhibitor stabilizes a glycine-rich loop conformation that shapes the ATP ribose binding pocket and that is preferred in CDK2 but has not been observed in CDK1. This aspect of the active site may be exploited for the design of inhibitors that distinguish between CDK1 and CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
R. Coxon
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth Anscombe
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Suzannah J. Harnor
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Mathew P. Martin
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Lisa K. Harlow
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Svitlana Korolchuk
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - David R. Newell
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Martin E. M. Noble
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Susan J. Tudhope
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - David M. Turner
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Lan Z. Wang
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Stephen R. Wedge
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Christopher Wong
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Jane A. Endicott
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Céline Cano
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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12
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Beale G, Haagensen EJ, Thomas HD, Wang LZ, Revill CH, Payne SL, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Newell DR, Griffin RJ, Cano C. Combined PI3K and CDK2 inhibition induces cell death and enhances in vivo antitumour activity in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:682-90. [PMID: 27529512 PMCID: PMC5023777 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway is commonly deregulated in human cancer, hence many PI3K and mTOR inhibitors have been developed and have now reached clinical trials. Similarly, CDKs have been investigated as cancer drug targets. METHODS We have synthesised and characterised a series of 6-aminopyrimidines identified from a kinase screen that inhibit PI3K and/or mTOR and/or CDK2. Kinase inhibition, tumour cell growth, cell cycle distribution, cytotoxicity and signalling experiments were undertaken in HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines, and in vivo HT29 efficacy studies. RESULTS 2,6-Diaminopyrimidines with an O(4)-cyclohexylmethyl substituent and a C-5-nitroso or cyano group (1,2,5) induced cell cycle phase alterations and were growth inhibitory (GI50<20 μM). Compound 1, but not 2 or 5, potently inhibits CDK2 (IC50=0.1 nM) as well as PI3K, and was cytotoxic at growth inhibitory concentrations. Consistent with kinase inhibition data, compound 1 reduced phospho-Rb and phospho-rS6 at GI50 concentrations. Combination of NU6102 (CDK2 inhibitor) and pictilisib (GDC-0941; pan-PI3K inhibitor) resulted in synergistic growth inhibition, and enhanced cytotoxicity in HT29 cells in vitro and HT29 tumour growth inhibition in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These studies identified a novel series of mixed CDK2/PI3K inhibitors and demonstrate that dual targeting of CDK2 and PI3K can result in enhanced antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beale
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma J Haagensen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lan-Zhen Wang
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte H Revill
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Sara L Payne
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
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13
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Myers SM, Bawn RH, Bisset LC, Blackburn TJ, Cottyn B, Molyneux L, Wong AC, Cano C, Clegg W, Harrington RW, Leung H, Rigoreau L, Vidot S, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hammonds T, Newell DR, Hardcastle IR. High-Throughput Screening and Hit Validation of Extracellular-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5) Inhibitors. ACS Comb Sci 2016; 18:444-55. [PMID: 27400250 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular-related kinase 5 (ERK5) is a promising target for cancer therapy. A high-throughput screen was developed for ERK5, based on the IMAP FP progressive binding system, and used to identify hits from a library of 57 617 compounds. Four distinct chemical series were evident within the screening hits. Resynthesis and reassay of the hits demonstrated that one series did not return active compounds, whereas three series returned active hits. Structure-activity studies demonstrated that the 4-benzoylpyrrole-2-carboxamide pharmacophore had excellent potential for further development. The minimum kinase binding pharmacophore was identified, and key examples demonstrated good selectivity for ERK5 over p38α kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Myers
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ruth H Bawn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Louise C Bisset
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Timothy J Blackburn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Lauren Molyneux
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ai-Ching Wong
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University , Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W Harrington
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University , Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Hing Leung
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Laurent Rigoreau
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Sandrine Vidot
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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14
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Zaytsev A, Dodd B, Magnani M, Ghiron C, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Liu J, Lu X, Micco I, Newell DR, Padova A, Robertson G, Lunec J, Hardcastle IR. Searching for Dual Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction by a Scaffold-Hopping Approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:180-9. [PMID: 25388787 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries of substituted benzimidazoles were designed using a 'scaffold-hopping' approach based on reported MDM2-p53 inhibitors. Substituents were chosen following library enumeration and docking into an MDM2 X-ray structure. Benzimidazole libraries were prepared using an efficient solution-phase approach and screened for inhibition of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 protein-protein interactions. Key examples showed inhibitory activity against both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Zaytsev
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Barry Dodd
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Matteo Magnani
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghiron
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Iolanda Micco
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alessandro Padova
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Graeme Robertson
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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15
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Tudhope S, Zhao Y, Wittner A, Wilmore E, Bertoli A, Adhikari S, Harnor SJ, Bello FD, Piergentili A, Lunec J, Hardcastle IR, Griffin RJ, Golding BR, Cano C, Newell DR, Wedge SR. Abstract 5451: Profiling inhibitors of MDM2:p53 and MDMX:p53 in relation to MDMX protein levels. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pharmacological antagonism of the interaction between MDM2 and/or MDMX with p53 has been pursued as a therapeutic strategy to restore p53 tumour suppressor activity in wild type TP53 tumours with amplification or over-expression of these negative regulators. The majority of small molecule approaches described to date inhibit MDM2 binding to p53, which has E3 ligase activity and through ubiquitination targets p53 for degradation. However, MDMX, although devoid of E3 ligase activity itself, forms heterodimers with MDM2 and augments its activity to induce polyubiquitination of p53. Further complexity in this regulatory network arises from the fact that MDM2 is a target gene of p53 transcription, and that MDM2 can also control the stability of MDMX. Since MDMX is widely reported to confer resistance to established MDM2:p53 antagonists, this study aimed to examine the activity of MDM2:p53 selective inhibitors across a panel of wild-type TP53 cell lines with variable MDM2 and MDMX protein expression, and to contrast this with recently described inhibitors with mixed MDM2:p53 and MDMX:p53 activity.
Growth inhibition studies (72h) were performed using XTT assays, but with verification by orthogonal methods (SRB, clonogenic assays). Gene expression was determined at the level of mRNA and protein. The selectivity of all inhibitors was confirmed initially in p53 wild-type and non-functional paired cell lines.
As anticipated, MDM2:p53 selective inhibitors (nutlin-3a, MI-773, RG7112) were active in MDM2 amplified cell lines with low MDMX expression (SJSA-1 and T778; GI50 range 0.2 to 1 uM). However, a similar level of activity was also evident in cell lines with low/medium MDM2 in the presence of medium/high MDMX expression (Pre B 697, A375, HCT116, MRK-NU1, and NGP cells: GI50 range 0.2 to 2 uM). Appreciable resistance was only evident in Jeg3 and MCF-7 cells (low MDM2 and high MDMX), averaged compound GI50 values ranging from 9 - 10 uM in Jeg3 and 6 - 14 uM in MCF-7. Whilst a concentration dependent degradation of MDMX was observed in some sensitive cell lines with medium/high MDMX expression, in others no change was evident, suggesting that there are multiple determinants of cellular sensitivity to such inhibitors. Importantly, the mixed MDM2:p53 and MDMX:p53 antagonist RO-5963, displayed a different spectrum of activity, with least growth inhibition evident in SJSA-1 and T778 MDM2 amplified cell lines, and activity being retained in MDMX amplified Jeg3 cells.
These studies support the concept that targeting MDMX may provide a different spectrum of antitumour activity to selective MDM2:p53 inhibition. However, MDMX protein levels per se do not constitute a universal resistance factor to selective MDM2:p53 inhibitors and, beyond MDM2 amplification, the identification of additional markers of sensitivity is warranted for this class of agent.
Citation Format: Sue Tudhope, Yan Zhao, Anita Wittner, Elaine Wilmore, Annalisa Bertoli, Santosh Adhikari, Suzannah J. Harnor, Fabio Del Bello, Alessandro Piergentili, John Lunec, Ian R. Hardcastle, Roger J. Griffin, Bernard R. Golding, Celine Cano, David R. Newell, Stephen R. Wedge. Profiling inhibitors of MDM2:p53 and MDMX:p53 in relation to MDMX protein levels. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5451. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5451
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tudhope
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Zhao
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Wittner
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Wilmore
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Bertoli
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Suzannah J. Harnor
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- 3Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - John Lunec
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard R. Golding
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Cano
- 2Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Newell
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Wedge
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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16
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Carbain B, Paterson DJ, Anscombe E, Campbell AJ, Cano C, Echalier A, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Haggerty K, Hardcastle IR, Jewsbury PJ, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Roche C, Wang LZ, Griffin RJ. 8-Substituted O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine CDK2 inhibitors: using structure-based inhibitor design to optimize an alternative binding mode. J Med Chem 2014; 57:56-70. [PMID: 24304238 DOI: 10.1021/jm401555v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the effects of purine C-8 substitution within a series of CDK1/2-selective O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine derivatives revealed that potency decreases initially with increasing size of the alkyl substituent. Structural analysis showed that C-8 substitution is poorly tolerated, and to avoid unacceptable steric interactions, these compounds adopt novel binding modes. Thus, 2-amino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-8-isopropyl-9H-purine adopts a "reverse" binding mode where the purine backbone has flipped 180°. This provided a novel lead chemotype from which we have designed more potent CDK2 inhibitors using, in the first instance, quantum mechanical energy calculations. Introduction of an ortho-tolyl or ortho-chlorophenyl group at the purine C-8 position restored the potency of these "reverse" binding mode inhibitors to that of the parent 2-amino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-9H-purine. By contrast, the corresponding 8-(2-methyl-3-sulfamoylphenyl)-purine derivative exhibited submicromolar CDK2-inhibitory activity by virtue of engineered additional interactions with Asp86 and Lys89 in the reversed binding mode, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Carbain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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17
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Lebraud H, Coxon CR, Archard VS, Bawn CM, Carbain B, Matheson CJ, Turner DM, Cano C, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Baisch U, Harrington RW, Golding BT. Model system for irreversible inhibition of Nek2: thiol addition to ethynylpurines and related substituted heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 12:141-8. [PMID: 24213855 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that irreversible inhibition of Nek2 kinase [(Never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 2], overexpression of which is observed in several cancers, can be achieved using Michael acceptors containing an ethynyl group, which target the enzyme's cysteine 22 residue lying near the catalytic site. The model studies described herein demonstrate an analogous capture of the ethynyl moiety in a series of ethynyl-heterocycles (e.g. 6-ethynyl-N-phenyl-9H-purin-2-amine) by N-acetylcysteine methyl ester in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in either dimethyl sulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide. Kinetic studies showed a 50-fold range in reactivity with 7-ethynyl-N-phenyl-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amine being the most reactive compound, whereas 4-ethynyl-N-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine was the least reactive. Studies of the isomeric compounds, 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-7-methyl-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide and 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9-methyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide, revealed the N(7)-methyl isomer to be 5-fold more reactive than the 9-methyl isomer, which is ascribed to a buttressing effect in the N(7)-methyl compound. Comparison of the crystal structures of these isomers showed that the ethynyl group is significantly displaced away from the methyl group exclusively in the N(7)-methyl isomer with an sp(2) bond angle of 124°, whereas the corresponding angle in the N(9)-methyl isomer was the expected 120°. The results of this study indicate heterocyclic scaffolds that are likely to be more promising for inhibition of Nek2 and other kinases containing a reactive cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lebraud
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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18
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Blackburn TJ, Ahmed S, Coxon CR, Liu J, Lu X, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hutton C, Newell DR, Ojo S, Watson AF, Zaytzev A, Zhao Y, Lunec J, Hardcastle IR. Diaryl- and triaryl-pyrrole derivatives: inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 protein-protein interactions†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details for compound synthesis, analytical data for all compounds and intermediates. Details for the biological evaluation. Further details for the modeling. Table of combustion analysis data. See DOI: 10.1039/c3md00161jClick here for additional data file. Medchemcomm 2013; 4:1297-1304. [PMID: 24078862 PMCID: PMC3777193 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00161j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Screening identified 2-(3-((4,6-dioxo-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)methyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile as an MDM2-p53 inhibitor (IC50 = 12.3 μM). MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 activity was seen for 5-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (MDM2 IC50 = 0.11 μM; MDMX IC50 = 4.2 μM) and 5-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (MDM2 IC50 = 0.15 μM; MDMX IC50 = 4.2 μM), and cellular activity consistent with p53 activation in MDM2 amplified cells. Further SAR studies demonstrated the requirement for the triarylpyrrole moiety for MDMX-p53 activity but not for MDM2-p53 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. Blackburn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Shafiq Ahmed
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Claire Hutton
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - David R. Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - Stephen Ojo
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Anna F. Watson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Andrey Zaytzev
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
| | - Yan Zhao
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place , Newcastle , NE2 4HH , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 4301 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 246 4420
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle , NE1 7RU , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)191 8591 ; Tel: +44 (0)191 222 6645
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Cano C, Saravanan K, Bailey C, Bardos J, Curtin NJ, Frigerio M, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Hummersone MG, Menear KA, Newell DR, Richardson CJ, Shea K, Smith GCM, Thommes P, Ting A, Griffin RJ. 1-substituted (Dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-ones endowed with dual DNA-PK/PI3-K inhibitory activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6386-401. [PMID: 23855836 DOI: 10.1021/jm400915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of (dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one (NU7441), a potent inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK; IC50 = 42 ± 2 nM), have been synthesized in which water-solubilizing groups [NHCO(CH₂)nNR¹R², where n = 1 or 2 and the moiety R¹R²N was derived from a library of primary and secondary amines, e.g., morpholine] were placed at the 1-position. Several of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited high potency against DNA-PK and potentiated the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation (IR) in vitro 10-fold or more (e.g., 2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-(2-morpholino-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thio-phen-1-yl)acetamide, 39; DNA-PK IC₅₀ = 5.0 ± 1 nM, IR dose modification ratio = 13). Furthermore, 39 was shown to potentiate not only IR in vitro but also DNA-inducing cytotoxic anticancer agents, both in vitro and in vivo. Counter-screening against other members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) related kinase (PIKK) family unexpectedly revealed that some of the compounds were potent mixed DNA-PK and PI-3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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20
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Lebraud H, Cano C, Carbain B, Hardcastle IR, Harrington RW, Griffin RJ, Golding BT. Trifluoroethanol solvent facilitates selective N-7 methylation of purines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1874-8. [PMID: 23381666 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purines protected at N-9 by p-methoxybenzyl are methylated or ethylated in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at N-7 by trimethyl- or triethyl-oxonium borofluorate, respectively. Subjecting the resulting cationic species to microwave irradiation releases an N(7)-methyl- or ethyl-purine. This one-pot procedure is an efficient regiospecific method applicable to diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lebraud
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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21
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Coffey K, Blackburn TJ, Cook S, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Hewitt L, Huberman K, McNeill HV, Newell DR, Roche C, Ryan-Munden CA, Watson A, Robson CN. Characterisation of a Tip60 specific inhibitor, NU9056, in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45539. [PMID: 23056207 PMCID: PMC3466219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tip60 (KAT5) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT enzyme) involved in multiple cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and cell signalling. In prostate cancer, aggressive cases over-express Tip60 which functions as an androgen receptor co-activator via direct acetylation of lysine residues within the KLKK motif of the receptor hinge region. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterise a Tip60 acetylase inhibitor. High-throughput screening revealed an isothiazole that inhibited both Tip60 and p300 HAT activity. This substance (initially identified as 4-methyl-5-bromoisothiazole) and other isothiazoles were synthesised and assayed against Tip60. Although an authentic sample of 4-methyl-5-bromoisothiazole was inactive against Tip60, in an in vitro HAT assay, 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane (NU9056) was identified as a relatively potent inhibitor (IC(50) 2 µM). Cellular activity was confirmed by analysis of acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in a prostate cancer cell line model. NU9056 treatment inhibited cellular proliferation in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines (50% growth inhibition, 8-27 µM) and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Also, decreased androgen receptor, prostate specific antigen, p53 and p21 protein levels were demonstrated in response to treatment with NU9056. Furthermore, pre-treatment with NU9056 inhibited both ATM phosphorylation and Tip60 stabilization in response to ionising radiation. Based on the activity of NU9056 and the specificity of the compound towards Tip60 relative to other HAT enzymes, these chemical biology studies have identified Tip60 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coffey
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Blackburn
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Cook
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Hewitt
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Kety Huberman
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Farmingdale, New York, United States of America
| | - Hesta V. McNeill
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Newell
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Roche
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia A. Ryan-Munden
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Watson
- Drug Discovery and Imaging Group, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Research and School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Craig N. Robson
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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Clapham KM, Rennison T, Jones G, Craven F, Bardos J, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Hardcastle IR, Thommes P, Ting A, Cano C. Potent enantioselective inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) by atropisomeric chromenone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6747-57. [PMID: 22814419 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substitution at the 7-position of the chromen-4-one pharmacophore of 8-(dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one NU7441, a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with allyl, n-propyl or methyl enabled the resolution by chiral HPLC of atropisomers. Biological evaluation against DNA-PK of each pair of atropisomers showed a marked difference in potency, with biological activity residing exclusively in the laevorotatory enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Clapham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Zhao Y, Thomas H, Liu J, Blackburn TJ, Cully S, Watson AF, Hardcastle IR, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Lunec J, Newell DR. Abstract 919: Design and preclinical pharmacological evaluation of a cleavable succinate ester solubilizing group for isoindolinone MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The potent and selective MDM2-p53 antagonist 4-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-((1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methoxy)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)isoindolin-1-one 1 displays promising activity in cellular tumour models; however, poor solubility precludes in vivo investigations.(Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letters 2011, 21, 5916-5919) A water-soluble succinate ester of 1 was designed as a pro-drug, based on an understanding of the interaction of the parent compound 1 with MDM2, and the cellular pharmacology and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the ester 2 were defined. Compound 2 was synthesised and evaluated as an antagonist of MDM2- and MDMX-p53 using ELISA assays. Cell growth inhibition induced by 2 and 1 were compared in paired p53 functional and p53 non-functional HCT116, A2780 and SJSA-1 cell lines. Conversion of 2 into 1 was studied in human and mouse plasma in vitro, as was uptake into tumour cells, by HPLC analysis. The pharmacokinetics of 2 was studied in vivo in tumour-bearing mice. Unexpectedly, the succinate ester 2 was 7-fold more potent than the parent compound 1 as an MDM2-p53 binding antagonist in cell-free assays (IC50 values 20 ± 13 nM versus 95 ± 96 nM, respectively) and maintained >100-fold selectivity for MDM2 over MDMX antagonism. In cell growth inhibition assays (GI50) 2 was 2.3-, 6.1- and 8.6-fold more potent in paired p53 functional versus non-functional HCT116, A2780 and SJSA-1 cell lines, respectively. As anticipated, the solubility of 2 (65 µM) was greatly improved over 1 (6.5 µM), and the succinate ester was converted to the parent compound in mouse plasma (>90% in 60 min), although interestingly not in human plasma. Following incubation of tumour cell lines with 2, both the pro-drug and parent compound could be detected. Administration of 2 to A2780 tumour-bearing mice i.v. at 10 mg/kg generated plasma concentrations approaching those required for cell growth inhibition (≥ 3 μM), and oral administration at 100 mg/kg resulted in 2 bio-availability of 7%, and an 1 AUC that was estimated to be 21% of the equivalent i.v. dose of 2. However, a major unidentified metabolite was observed which compromised the in vivo utility of the succinate ester 2. Protein-protein interaction inhibitors as exemplified by MDM2-p53 binding antagonists are a major new class of antitumour agent. However, targeting hydrophobic protein-protein interactions can result in molecules with poor physicochemical properties. A cleavable succinate ester approach can be applied to address this problem without compromising target interaction or cellular activity, as in the current study. Although additional metabolite pathways may limit the utility of this approach, the improved potency gained by addition of a solubilising group provides valuable information for further lead optimisation. (This work was supported by the CR-UK)
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 919. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-919
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Thomas
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Junfeng Liu
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Blackburn
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cully
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F. Watson
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- 2School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Lunec
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Newell
- 1Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Inst. for Cancer Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Thomas HD, Wang LZ, Roche C, Bentley J, Cheng Y, Hardcastle IR, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Curtin NJ, Newell DR. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the potent and specific cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor NU6102 and a water soluble prodrug NU6301. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2052-9. [PMID: 21570822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the evaluation of CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2) as a cancer target, the in vitro and in vivo properties of NU6102 (O⁶-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'-sulphamoylanilino)purine) and a water soluble prodrug (NU6301) were investigated. NU6102 selectively inhibited the growth of CDK2 WT (wild type) versus KO MEFs (knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts) (GI₅₀ (concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50%) 14 μM versus >30 μM), and was more growth-inhibitory in p53 mutant or null versus p53 WT cells (p=0.02), and in Rb (retinoblastoma protein) WT SKUT-1B versus SKUT 1 Rb deficient cells (p=0.01). In SKUT-1B cells NU6102 induced a G2 arrest, inhibition of Rb phosphorylation and cytotoxicity (LC₅₀ 2.6 μM for a 24h exposure). The prodrug NU6301 rapidly generated NU6102 in vitro in mouse plasma, and tumour NU6102 levels in vivo consistent with activity in vitro. Eight or 12 hourly dosing of 120 mg/kg NU6301 for 10 days was well tolerated in SKUT-1B tumour-bearing mice and inhibited Rb phosphorylation in tumour tissue. Two (8 hourly dosing) and 3 (12 hourly dosing) day tumour growth delay was observed (p=0.04 and p=0.007, respectively) following NU6301 administration. NU6102 and its prodrug NU6301 have pharmacological properties consistent with CDK2 inhibition, and represent useful tool molecules for the evaluation of CDK2 as a target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw D Thomas
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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25
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Riedinger C, Noble ME, Wright DJ, Mulks F, Hardcastle IR, Endicott JA, McDonnell JM. Understanding small-molecule binding to MDM2: insights into structural effects of isoindolinone inhibitors from NMR spectroscopy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:301-8. [PMID: 21244642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute (MDM2) and p53 is a major target in anticancer drug design. Several potent compound series, including the nutlins and spirooxindoles, have previously been established as high-affinity antagonists of MDM2. In this paper, we describe the interaction of isoindolinone inhibitors with MDM2, as characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isoindolinone inhibitors bind specifically to the MDM2 p53 binding site and exploit all sub-pockets used by p53, nutlins and spirooxindoles. Furthermore, isoindolinones bind with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinities, with the best compound approaching the potency of nutlin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Riedinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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26
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Hardcastle IR, Liu J, Valeur E, Watson A, Ahmed SU, Blackburn TJ, Bennaceur K, Clegg W, Drummond C, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Gruber J, Haggerty K, Harrington RW, Hutton C, Kemp S, Lu X, McDonnell JM, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Payne SL, Revill CH, Riedinger C, Xu Q, Lunec J. Isoindolinone inhibitors of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 protein-protein interaction: structure-activity studies leading to improved potency. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1233-43. [PMID: 21314128 DOI: 10.1021/jm1011929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction has been shown to produce an antitumor effect, especially in MDM2 amplified tumors. The isoindolinone scaffold has proved to be versatile for the discovery of MDM2-p53 antagonists. Optimization of previously reported inhibitors, for example, NU8231 (7) and NU8165 (49), was guided by MDM2 NMR titrations, which indicated key areas of the binding interaction to be explored. Variation of the 2-N-benzyl and 3-alkoxy substituents resulted in the identification of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-((1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methoxy)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)isoindolin-1-one (74) as a potent MDM2-p53 inhibitor (IC(50) = 0.23 ± 0.01 μM). Resolution of the enantiomers of 74 showed that potent MDM2-p53 activity primarily resided with the (+)-R-enantiomer (74a; IC(50) = 0.17 ± 0.02 μM). The cellular activity of key compounds has been examined in cell lines with defined p53 and MDM2 status. Compound 74a activates p53, MDM2, and p21 transcription in MDM2 amplified cells and shows moderate selectivity for wild-type p53 cell lines in growth inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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27
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Rodriguez-Aristegui S, Clapham KM, Barrett L, Cano C, Desage-El Murr M, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Payne SL, Rennison T, Richardson C, Golding BT. Versatile synthesis of functionalised dibenzothiophenes via Suzuki coupling and microwave-assisted ring closure. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6066-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Clapham KM, Bardos J, Finlay MRV, Golding BT, Griffen EJ, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Menear KA, Ting A, Turner P, Young GL, Cano C. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:966-70. [PMID: 21216595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of an O-alkoxyphenyl substituent at the 8-position of the 2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one pharmacophore enabled regions of the ATP-binding site of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) to be probed further. Structure-activity relationships have been elucidated for inhibition of DNA-PK and PI3K (p110α), with N-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(2-morpholino-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)phenyl)-2-morpholinoacetamide 11a being identified as a potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor (IC(50)=8 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Clapham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Cano C, Barbeau OR, Bailey C, Cockcroft XL, Curtin NJ, Duggan H, Frigerio M, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Hummersone MG, Knights C, Menear KA, Newell DR, Richardson CJ, Smith GCM, Spittle B, Griffin RJ. DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) Inhibitors. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Quinolin-4-one and Pyridopyrimidin-4-one Surrogates for the Chromen-4-one Chemotype. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier R. Barbeau
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Bailey
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ling Cockcroft
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Curtin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Duggan
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Frigerio
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G. Hummersone
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Knights
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A. Menear
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J. Richardson
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme C. M. Smith
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Spittle
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Cano C, Golding BT, Haggerty K, Hardcastle IR, Peacock M, Griffin RJ. Atropisomeric 8-arylchromen-4-ones exhibit enantioselective inhibition of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1922-8. [PMID: 20449499 DOI: 10.1039/b926245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Substitution at the 3-position of the dibenzothiophen-4-yl ring of 8-(dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one NU7441, a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with propyl, allyl or methyl enabled the separation by chiral HPLC of atropisomers. This is a consequence of restricted rotation about the dibenzothiophene-chromenone bond. Biological evaluation against DNA-PK of the pairs of atropisomers showed a marked difference in potency, with only one enantiomer being biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cano
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomNE1 7RU.
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Marchetti F, Cano C, Curtin NJ, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Newell DR, Parsons RJ, Payne SL, Wang LZ, Hardcastle IR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-substituted O4-alkylpyrimidines as CDK2 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2397-407. [DOI: 10.1039/b925481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wong C, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Northen JS, Wang LZ, Golding BT. Synthesis of sulfonamide-based kinase inhibitors from sulfonates by exploiting the abrogated SN2 reactivity of 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxysulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2457-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b922717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Watson A, Liu J, Armstrong E, Blackburn T, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Lu X, Newell DR, Noble ME, Riedinger C, Lunec J, Hardcastle IR. Abstract A140: Identification of substituted isoindolinones as potent inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. Mol Cancer Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-a140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in the cell by reacting to stress, which may be caused by hypoxia, DNA damage, or oncogenic signalling. Activation of p53 protein results in the transcription of a number of genes that govern progression through the cell cycle, the initiation of DNA repair, and apoptosis. The activity of p53 is tightly regulated by the MDM2 protein, which is transcribed in response to p53 activation. MDM2 binds to and inactivates p53 and also ubiquitylates the MDM2-p53 complex to target it for proteosomal degradation. In normal cells the balance between active p53 and inactive MDM2-bound p53 is maintained in a negative feedback loop.
Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein complex by small molecule inhibitors is expected to reactivate normal p53 pathways in cells overexpressing MDM2, consequently exerting an anti-cancer effect. Potent small molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction have been identified e.g. the Nutlins [Science 2004, 303, 844], the benzodiazepinediones and indolinones [J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 3759–3762]. The antitumor activities of these compounds in cellular and in vivo models are promising.
We have reported previously inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction, based on an isoindolinone scaffold [J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 6209–6221], and SAR studies leading to compounds with improved potency e.g. NU8345A; IC50 = 171 ± 15 nM. NMR structural studies suggested that substitution of the isoindolinone A-ring may provide additional favourable interactions with the protein. A small series of examples was prepared, and 4-substitution with small hydrophobic groups was found to improve potency e.g. rac-4-methyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-((1-(hydroxymethyl) cyclopropyl)methoxy)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)isoindolin-1-one (NU8405; IC50 = 274 ± 35 nM) and rac-4-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-((1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methoxy)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)isoindolin-1-one (NU8406; IC50 = 143 ± 26 nM). Introduction of a 6-tert-butyl group was also found to be favourable i.e. rac-6-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-((1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methoxy)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)isoindolin-1-one (NU8399; IC50 = 152 ± 27 nM). Resolution of the enantiomers of NU8406, using chiral HPLC, gave NU8406A and NU8406B (IC50s of 43.8 ± 6.2 nM and 1.27 ± 0.08 M, respectively).
The cellular activities of key compounds have been determined and show dose dependent induction of p53 regulated genes by Western blotting. NU8406 shows selective cytotoxicity in p53wt HCT116 cells compared with the HCT116−/− line (GI50s = 9.8 ± 1.1 and 21.3 ± 3.1 M, respectively) which is comparable to Nutlin-3 (ELISA IC50 = 66.2 ± 5.7 nM; GI50s = 8.9 ± 0.5 and 38.8 ± 3.4 M, respectively).
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Watson
- 1 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Junfeng Liu
- 1 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohong Lu
- 1 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - John Lunec
- 1 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Riedinger C, Endicott JA, Kemp SJ, Smyth LA, Watson A, Valeur E, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Noble ME, McDonnell JM. Analysis of Chemical Shift Changes Reveals the Binding Modes of Isoindolinone Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8062088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Riedinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Jane A. Endicott
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Stuart J. Kemp
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Lynette A. Smyth
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Anna Watson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Eric Valeur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - Martin E. Noble
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
| | - James M. McDonnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, NE1 4RW, U.K
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Murr MDE, Cano C, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Hummersome M, Frigerio M, Curtin NJ, Menear K, Richardson C, Smith GC, Griffin RJ. 8-Biarylchromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4885-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Griffin RJ, Henderson A, Curtin NJ, Echalier A, Endicott JA, Hardcastle IR, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Wang LZ, Golding BT. Searching for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using a new variant of the cope elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:6012-3. [PMID: 16669651 DOI: 10.1021/ja060595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-Piperidinoethylsulfides are oxidized by m-chloroperbenzoic acid to intermediates containing both N-oxide and sulfone functions. These undergo a Cope-type elimination to a vinylsulfone that can be captured by amines to afford beta-aminoethylsulfones. When a beta-aminoethylsulfone group is linked to the 4-position of a phenyl group attached at N-2 of O6-cyclohexylmethylguanine, the resulting derivatives are inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2. One of the most potent inhibitors (IC50 = 45 nM) contained a N-3-hydroxypropyl group on the aminoethylsulfonyl substituent. The crystal structure of this inhibitor bound to CDK2/cyclin A was determined and shows an unusual network of hydrogen bonds. The synthetic methodology developed can be utilized in multiple-parallel format and has numerous potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Griffin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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37
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Marchetti F, Sayle KL, Bentley J, Clegg W, Curtin NJ, Endicott JA, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Harrington RW, Mesguiche V, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Parsons RJ, Pratt DJ, Wang LZ, Hardcastle IR. Structure-based design of 2-arylamino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitroso-6-aminopyrimidine inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1577-85. [PMID: 17571187 DOI: 10.1039/b703241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 2-substituted O(4)-cyclohexylmethyl-5-nitroso-6-aminopyrimidines from 6-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol has been developed and used to prepare a range of derivatives for evaluation as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) are similar to those observed for the corresponding O(6)-cyclohexylmethoxypurine series with the 2-arylsulfonamide and 2-arylcarboxamide derivatives showing excellent potency. Two compounds, 4-(6-amino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidin-2-ylamino)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzenesulfonamide (7q) and 4-(6-amino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidin-2-ylamino)-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)benzenesulfonamide (7s), were the most potent with IC50 values of 0.7 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.0 nM against CDK2, respectively. The SARs determined in this study are discussed with reference to the crystal structure of 4-(6-amino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidin-2-ylamino)-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)benzenesulfonamide (7j) bound to phosphorylated CDK2/cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marchetti
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UKNE1 7RU
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38
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Hollick JJ, Rigoreau LJM, Cano-Soumillac C, Cockcroft X, Curtin NJ, Frigerio M, Golding BT, Guiard S, Hardcastle IR, Hickson I, Hummersone MG, Menear KA, Martin NMB, Matthews I, Newell DR, Ord R, Richardson CJ, Smith GCM, Griffin RJ. Pyranone, Thiopyranone, and Pyridone Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Related Kinases. Structure−Activity Relationships for DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibition, and Identification of the First Potent and Selective Inhibitor of the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1958-72. [PMID: 17371003 DOI: 10.1021/jm061121y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships have been investigated for inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and ATM kinase by a series of pyran-2-ones, pyran-4-ones, thiopyran-4-ones, and pyridin-4-ones. A wide range of IC50 values were observed for pyranones and thiopyranones substituted at the 6-position, with the 3- and 5-positions proving intolerant to substitution. Related pyran-2-ones, pyran-4-ones, and thiopyran-4-ones showed similar IC50 values against DNA-PK, whereas the pyridin-4-one system proved, in general, ineffective at inhibiting DNA-PK. Extended libraries exploring the 6-position of 2-morpholino-pyran-4-ones and 2-morpholino-thiopyrano-4-ones identified the first highly potent and selective ATM inhibitor 2-morpholin-4-yl-6-thianthren-1-yl-pyran-4-one (151C; ATM; IC50=13 nM) and revealed constrained SARs for ATM inhibition compared with DNA-PK. One of the most potent DNA-PK inhibitors identified, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)pyran-4-one (16; DNA-PK; IC50=220 nM) effectively sensitized HeLa cells to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hollick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Seeberger S, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Golding BT. A new strategy for the synthesis of taurine derivatives using the ‘safety-catch’ principle for the protection of sulfonic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:132-8. [PMID: 17164917 DOI: 10.1039/b614333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The safety-catch principle has been applied for the development of a new method for protecting sulfonic acids. 2,2-Dimethylsuccinic acid was reduced to 2,2-dimethylbutane-1,4-diol, which was selectively silylated to give 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-2,2-dimethylbutan-1-ol. Reaction of the latter compound with 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine afforded 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2,2-dimethylbutyl ethenesulfonate directly. The ethenesulfonate underwent Michael-type addition with secondary amines to give protected derivatives of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid). Deprotection was achieved on treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride, whereby cleavage of the silicon-oxygen bond led to an intermediate alkoxide that immediately cyclised to 2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuran with liberation of a sulfonate. Pure sulfonic acids were obtained from the crude product by ion exchange chromatography on a strongly basic resin, which was eluted with aqueous acetic acid. The method developed should be generally applicable to the protection of sulfonic acids and is amenable to a multiparallel format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Seeberger
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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40
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Barbeau OR, Cano-Soumillac C, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Smith GCM, Richardson C, Clegg W, Harrington RW, Golding BT. Quinolinone and pyridopyrimidinone inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2670-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b705095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Aristegui SR, El-Murr MD, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR. Judicious Application of Allyl Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of 2-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl Triflate, a Key Precursor of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Org Lett 2006; 8:5927-9. [PMID: 17165896 DOI: 10.1021/ol062297x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] 2-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl 2,2,2-trifluoromethanesulfonate is a key intermediate for the synthesis of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor 8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one (NU7441). Two improved methods for the synthesis of this triflate have been developed: (A) in 35% overall yield, through modification of the published route, and (B) in 15% overall yield, by a new route employing a Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement to enable generation of the chromenone scaffold. Both syntheses depend on the judicious use of allyl protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Rodriguez Aristegui
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Hardcastle IR, Ahmed SU, Atkins H, Farnie G, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Guyenne S, Hutton C, Källblad P, Kemp SJ, Kitching MS, Newell DR, Norbedo S, Northen JS, Reid RJ, Saravanan K, Willems HMG, Lunec J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Protein−Protein Interaction Based on an Isoindolinone Scaffold. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6209-21. [PMID: 17034127 DOI: 10.1021/jm0601194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From a set of weakly potent lead compounds, using in silico screening and small library synthesis, a series of 2-alkyl-3-aryl-3-alkoxyisoindolinones has been identified as inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Two of the most potent compounds, 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one (76; IC(50) = 15.9 +/- 0.8 microM) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)-2-propyl-2,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one (79; IC(50) = 5.3 +/- 0.9 microM), induced p53-dependent gene transcription, in a dose-dependent manner, in the MDM2 amplified, SJSA human sarcoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences--Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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43
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Hardcastle IR, Cockcroft X, Curtin NJ, El-Murr MD, Leahy JJJ, Stockley M, Golding BT, Rigoreau L, Richardson C, Smith GCM, Griffin RJ. Discovery of potent chromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) using a small-molecule library approach. J Med Chem 2006; 48:7829-46. [PMID: 16302822 DOI: 10.1021/jm050444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) have been defined for substituted chromen-4-ones. For the 2-amino-substituted benzo[h]chromen-4-ones, a morpholine substituent at this position was essential for activity. Small libraries of 6- and 7-alkoxy-substituted chromen-4-ones showed that a number of 7-alkoxy-substituted chromenones displayed improved activity. Focused libraries incorporating 6-, 7-, and 8-aryl and heteroaryl substituents were prepared. In these cases, 6- and 7-substitution was disfavored, whereas 8-substitution was largely tolerated. Surprisingly, two compounds, 2-N-morpholino-8-dibenzofuranyl-chromen-4-one (NU7427, 32{38}) and the 2-N-morpholino-8-dibenzothiophenyl-chromen-4-one (NU7441, 32{26}) were excellent inhibitors (IC50 vs DNA-PK = 40 and 13 nM, respectively). The ring-saturated analogue 2-N-morpholino-8-(6',7',8',9'-tetrahydrodibenzothiophene)chromen-4-one, 36, retained potent activity (IC50 vs DNA-PK = 23 nM). The dibenzothiophene 32{38} sensitized HeLa cells to ionizing radiation in vitro, with dose modification factors of 2.5 at 10% survival being observed at 0.5 microM. The cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide was also potentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences--Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Walton MI, Wilson SC, Hardcastle IR, Mirza AR, Workman P. An evaluation of the ability of pifithrin-α and -β to inhibit p53 function in two wild-type p53 human tumor cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1369-77. [PMID: 16170029 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The small-molecule compound pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha) has been reported to inhibit p53 function and protect against a variety of genotoxic agents. We show here that PFT-alpha is unstable in tissue culture medium and is rapidly converted to its condensation product PFT-beta. Both compounds showed limited solubility with PFT-alpha precipitating out of tissue culture medium at concentrations >30 micromol/L. PFT-alpha and -beta exhibited cytotoxic effects in vitro towards two human wild-type p53-expressing tumor cell lines, A2780 ovarian and HCT116 colon (IC(50) values for both cell lines were 21.3 +/- 8.1 micromol/L for PFT-alpha and 90.3 +/- 15.5 micromol/L for PFT-beta, mean +/- SD, n = 4). There was no evidence of protection by clonogenic assay with either compound in combination with ionizing radiation. Indeed, there was some evidence that PFT-alpha enhanced cytotoxicity, particularly at higher concentrations of PFT-alpha. Neither compound had any effect on p53, p21, or MDM-2 protein expression following ionizing radiation exposure and there was no evidence of any abrogation of p53-dependent, ionizing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest. Similarly, there was no evidence of cellular protection, or of effects on p53-dependent gene transcription, or on translation of MDM-2 or p21 following UV treatment of these human tumor cell lines. In addition, there was no effect on p53 or p21 gene transactivation or p38 phosphorylation after UV irradiation of NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts. In conclusion, neither PFT-alpha nor -beta can be regarded as a ubiquitous inhibitor of p53 function, and caution should be exercised in the use of these agents as specific p53 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike I Walton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton Surrey.
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45
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Pennati M, Campbell AJ, Curto M, Binda M, Cheng Y, Wang LZ, Curtin N, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Henderson A, Zaffaroni N, Newell DR. Potentiation of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by the novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor NU6140: a possible role for survivin down-regulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1328-37. [PMID: 16170024 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle. Aberrations in the control of cell cycle progression occur in the majority of human malignancies; hence, CDKs are promising targets for anticancer therapy. Here, we define the cellular effects of the novel CDK inhibitor NU6140, alone or in association with paclitaxel, with respect to inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and in comparison with purvalanol A. Both CDK inhibitors induced a concentration-dependent cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase and an increase in the apoptotic rate, with a concomitant down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein survivin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Notably, the addition of NU6140 to paclitaxel-treated cells resulted in markedly increased cytotoxic effect and apoptotic response in comparison with the paclitaxel-purvalanol A combination (86 ± 11% and 37 ± 8%, respectively). Similarly, the extent of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation in paclitaxel-NU6140–treated cells was ∼4-fold higher than after the paclitaxel-purvalanol A combination. Moreover, an almost complete abrogation of the expression of the active, Thr34-phosphorylated form of survivin was observed in cells exposed to the paclitaxel-NU6140 combination. A synergistic effect of the paclitaxel-NU6140 combination, as a consequence of survivin inhibition and increased activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, was also observed in OAW42/e ovarian cancer line but not in the derived OAW42/Surv subline ectopically expressing survivin. Results from this study indicate that NU6140 significantly potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel, with inhibition of survivin expression/phosphorylation as the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pennati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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46
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Hardcastle IR, Ahmed SU, Atkins H, Calvert AH, Curtin NJ, Farnie G, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Guyenne S, Hutton C, Källblad P, Kemp SJ, Kitching MS, Newell DR, Norbedo S, Northen JS, Reid RJ, Saravanan K, Willems HMG, Lunec J. Isoindolinone-based inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1515-20. [PMID: 15713419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-N-alkyl-3-aryl-3-alkoxyisoindolinones has been synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction. The most potent compound, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)-2-propyl-2,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one (NU8231), exhibited an IC50 of 5.3 +/- 0.9 microM in an ELISA assay, and induced p53-dependent gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner, in the SJSA human sarcoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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47
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Leahy JJJ, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Richardson C, Rigoreau L, Smith GCM. Identification of a highly potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor (NU7441) by screening of chromenone libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:6083-7. [PMID: 15546735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solution-phase multiple-parallel synthesis approach was employed for the preparation of 6-, 7- and 8-aryl-substituted chromenone libraries, which were screened as inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). These studies resulted in the identification of 8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one (NU7441) as a highly potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor (IC50=14 nM), exhibiting ATP-competitive inhibition kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J J Leahy
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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48
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Griffin RJ, Fontana G, Golding BT, Guiard S, Hardcastle IR, Leahy JJJ, Martin N, Richardson C, Rigoreau L, Stockley M, Smith GCM. Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro. J Med Chem 2005; 48:569-85. [PMID: 15658870 DOI: 10.1021/jm049526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diverse range of chromen-2-one, chromen-4-one and pyrimidoisoquinolin-4-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against the DNA repair enzyme DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), with a view to elucidating structure-activity relationships for potency and kinase selectivity. DNA-PK inhibitory activity varied widely over the series of compounds evaluated (IC(50) values ranged from 0.19 to >10 microM), with excellent activity being observed for the 7,8-benzochromen-4-one and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one templates. By contrast, inhibitors based on the benzochromen-2-one (coumarin) or 2-aryl-7,8-benzochromen-4-one (flavone) scaffolds were less potent. Crucially, these studies revealed a very constrained structure-activity relationship at the 2-position of the benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one pharmacophore, with only a 2-morpholino or 2-(2'-methylmorpholino) group being tolerated at this position. More detailed biological studies conducted with the most potent inhibitor NU7163 (48; IC(50) = 0.19 microM) demonstrated ATP-competitive DNA-PK inhibition, with a K(i) value of 24 nM, and 48 exhibited selectivity for DNA-PK compared with the related enzymes ATM, ATR, mTOR, and PI 3-K (p110alpha). Compound 48 sensitized the HeLa human tumor cell line to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro, a dose modification factor of 2.3 at 10% survival being observed with an inhibitor concentration of 5 microM. This study identified these structural classes as novel DNA-PK inhibitors and delineated initial structure-activity relationships against DNA-PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Griffin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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49
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Hardcastle IR, Arris CE, Bentley J, Boyle FT, Chen Y, Curtin NJ, Endicott JA, Gibson AE, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Jewsbury P, Menyerol J, Mesguiche V, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Pratt DJ, Wang LZ, Whitfield HJ. N2-substituted O6-cyclohexylmethylguanine derivatives: potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3710-22. [PMID: 15239650 DOI: 10.1021/jm0311442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) competitive cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058, 1) has been employed as the lead in a structure-based drug discovery program resulting in the discovery of the potent CDK1 and -2 inhibitor NU6102 (3, IC(50) = 9.5 nM and 5.4 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). The SAR for this series have been explored further by the synthesis and evaluation of 45 N(2)-substituted analogues of NU2058. These studies have confirmed the requirement for the hydrogen bonding N(2)-NH group and the requirement for an aromatic N(2)-substituent to confer potency in the series. Additional potency is conferred by the presence of a group capable of donating a hydrogen bond at the 4'-position, for example, the 4'-hydroxy derivative (25, IC(50) = 94 nM and 69 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), 4'-monomethylsulfonamide derivative (28, IC(50) = 9 nM and 7.0 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), and 4'-carboxamide derivative (34, IC(50) = 67 nM and 64 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for key compounds and have been used to explain the observed trends in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Natural Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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50
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Hollick JJ, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Martin N, Richardson C, Rigoreau LJM, Smith GCM, Griffin RJ. 2,6-disubstituted pyran-4-one and thiopyran-4-one inhibitors of DNA-Dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3083-6. [PMID: 12941339 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
6-aryl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4H-pyran-4-ones and 6-aryl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4H-thiopyran-4-ones were synthesised and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Several compounds in each series exhibited superior activity to the chromenone LY294002, and were of comparable potency to the benzochromenone NU7026 (IC(50)=0.23 microM). Importantly, members of both structural classes were found to be selective inhibitors of DNA-PK over related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family members. A multiple-parallel synthesis approach, employing Suzuki cross-coupling methodology, was utilised to prepare libraries of thiopyran-4-ones with a range of aromatic groups at the 3'- and 4'-positions on the thiopyran-4-one 6-aryl ring. Screening of the libraries resulted in the identification of 6-aryl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4H-thiopyran-4-ones bearing naphthyl or benzo[b]thienyl substituents at the 4'-position, as potent DNA-PK inhibitors with IC(50) values in the 0.2-0.4 microM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hollick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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