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Pan D, Pollack IB, Sive BC, Marsavin A, Naimie LE, Benedict KB, Zhou Y, Sullivan AP, Prenni AJ, Cope EJ, Juncosa Calahorrano JF, Fischer EV, Schichtel BA, Collett JL. Source characterization of volatile organic compounds at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:914-929. [PMID: 37850691 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2266696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE), located in southeastern New Mexico, experiences elevated ground-level ozone (O3) exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 70 ppbv. It is situated adjacent to the Permian Basin, one of the largest oil and gas (O&G) producing regions in the US. In 2019, the Carlsbad Caverns Air Quality Study (CarCavAQS) was conducted to examine impacts of different sources on ozone precursors, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we use positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of speciated VOCs to characterize VOC sources at CAVE during the study. Seven factors were identified. Three factors composed largely of alkanes and aromatics with different lifetimes were attributed to O&G development and production activities. VOCs in these factors were typical of those emitted by O&G operations. Associated residence time analyses (RTA) indicated their contributions increased in the park during periods of transport from the Permian Basin. These O&G factors were the largest contributor to VOC reactivity with hydroxyl radicals (62%). Two PMF factors were rich in photochemically generated secondary VOCs; one factor contained species with shorter atmospheric lifetimes and one with species with longer lifetimes. RTA of the secondary factors suggested impacts of O&G emissions from regions farther upwind, such as Eagle Ford Shale and Barnett Shale formations. The last two factors were attributed to alkenes likely emitted from vehicles or other combustion sources in the Permian Basin and regional background VOCs, respectively.Implications: Carlsbad Caverns National Park experiences ground-level ozone exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Volatile organic compounds are critical precursors to ozone formation. Measurements in the Park identify oil and gas production and development activities as the major contributors to volatile organic compounds. Emissions from the adjacent Permian Basin contributed to increases in primary species that enhanced local ozone formation. Observations of photochemically generated compounds indicate that ozone was also transported from shale formations and basins farther upwind. Therefore, emission reductions of volatile organic compounds from oil and gas activities are important for mitigating elevated O3 in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Barkley C Sive
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - Andrey Marsavin
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lillian E Naimie
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Katherine B Benedict
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy P Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anthony J Prenni
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elana J Cope
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bret A Schichtel
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Pollack IB, Pan D, Marsavin A, Cope EJ, Juncosa Calahorrano J, Naimie L, Benedict KB, Sullivan AP, Zhou Y, Sive BC, Prenni AJ, Schichtel BA, Collett J, Fischer EV. Observations of ozone, acyl peroxy nitrates, and their precursors during summer 2019 at Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:951-968. [PMID: 37850745 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2271436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE) is located in southeastern New Mexico and is adjacent to the Permian Basin, one of the most productive oil and natural gas (O&G) production regions in the United States. Since 2018, ozone (O3) at CAVE has frequently exceeded the 70 ppbv 8-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard. We examine the influence of regional emissions on O3 formation using observations of O3, nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN). Elevated O3 and its precursors are observed when the wind is from the southeast, the direction of the Permian Basin. We identify 13 days during the July 25 to September 5, 2019 study period when the maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O3 exceeded 65 ppbv; MDA8 O3 exceeded 70 ppbv on 5 of these days. The results of a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis are used to identify and attribute source contributions of VOCs and NOx. On days when the winds are from the southeast, there are larger contributions from factors associated with primary O&G emissions; and, on high O3 days, there is more contribution from factors associated with secondary photochemical processing of O&G emissions. The observed ratio of VOCs to NOx is consistently high throughout the study period, consistent with NOx-limited O3 production. Finally, all high O3 days coincide with elevated acyl peroxy nitrate abundances with PPN to PAN ratios > 0.15 ppbv ppbv-1 indicating that anthropogenic VOC precursors, and often alkanes specifically, dominate the photochemistry.Implications: The results above strongly indicate NOx-sensitive photochemistry at Carlsbad Caverns National Park indicating that reductions in NOx emissions should drive reductions in O3. However, the NOx-sensitivity is largely driven by emissions of NOx into a VOC-rich environment, and a high PPN:PAN ratio and its relationship to O3 indicate substantial influence from alkanes in the regional photochemistry. Thus, simultaneous reductions in emissions of NOx and non-methane VOCs from the oil and gas sector should be considered for reducing O3 at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Reductions in non-methane VOCs will have the added benefit of reducing formation of other secondary pollutants and air toxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Da Pan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrey Marsavin
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elana J Cope
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - L Naimie
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - K B Benedict
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy P Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - B C Sive
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony J Prenni
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bret A Schichtel
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Schwantes RH, Lacey FG, Tilmes S, Emmons LK, Lauritzen PH, Walters S, Callaghan P, Zarzycki CM, Barth MC, Jo DS, Bacmeister JT, Neale RB, Vitt F, Kluzek E, Roozitalab B, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Warneke C, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Flocke F, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Bui TPV, Jimenez JL, Campuzano‐Jost P, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Hills AJ, Yuan B, Wisthaler A. Evaluating the Impact of Chemical Complexity and Horizontal Resolution on Tropospheric Ozone Over the Conterminous US With a Global Variable Resolution Chemistry Model. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2022; 14:e2021MS002889. [PMID: 35864945 PMCID: PMC9286600 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM)/Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry (CAM-chem) supporting the capability of horizontal mesh refinement through the use of the spectral element (SE) dynamical core is developed and called CESM/CAM-chem-SE. Horizontal mesh refinement in CESM/CAM-chem-SE is unique and novel in that pollutants such as ozone are accurately represented at human exposure relevant scales while also directly including global feedbacks. CESM/CAM-chem-SE with mesh refinement down to ∼14 km over the conterminous US (CONUS) is the beginning of the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICAv0). Here, MUSICAv0 is evaluated and used to better understand how horizontal resolution and chemical complexity impact ozone and ozone precursors over CONUS as compared to measurements from five aircraft campaigns, which occurred in 2013. This field campaign analysis demonstrates the importance of using finer horizontal resolution to accurately simulate ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. In general, the impact of using more complex chemistry on ozone and other oxidation products is more pronounced when using finer horizontal resolution where a larger number of chemical regimes are resolved. Large model biases for ozone near the surface remain in the Southeast US as compared to the aircraft observations even with updated chemistry and finer horizontal resolution. This suggests a need for adding the capability of replacing sections of global emission inventories with regional inventories, increasing the vertical resolution in the planetary boundary layer, and reducing model biases in meteorological variables such as temperature and clouds.
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Beaupied BL, Martinez H, Martenies S, McConnel CS, Pollack IB, Giardina D, Fischer EV, Jathar S, Duncan CG, Magzamen S. Cows as canaries: The effects of ambient air pollution exposure on milk production and somatic cell count in dairy cows. Environ Res 2022; 207:112197. [PMID: 34699758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution, including criteria pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), has been associated with morbidity and mortality in mammals. As a genetically homogenous population that is closely monitored for health, dairy cattle present a unique opportunity to assess the association between changes in air pollution and mammalian health. Milk yield decreases in the summer if temperature and humidity, measured by the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). As O3 levels increase with warmer temperatures, and summer PM2.5 may increase with wildfire smoke, dairy cows may serve as a useful sentinel species to evaluate subacute markers of inflammation and metabolic output and ambient pollution. Over two years, we assessed summertime O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from local US EPA air quality monitors into an auto-regressive mixed model of the association between THI and daily milk production data and bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC). In unadjusted models, a 10 unit increase THI was associated with 28,700 cells/mL (95% CI: 17,700, 39,690) increase in SCC. After controlling for ambient air pollutants, THI was associated with a 14,500 SCC increase (95% CI: 3,400, 25,680), a 48% decrease in effect compared to the crude model. Further, in fully adjusted models, PM2.5 was associated with a 105,500 cells/mL (95% CI: 90,030, 121,050) increase in SCC. Similar results were found for milk production. Results were amplified when high PM2.5 days (95th percentile of observed values) associated with wildfire smoke were removed from the analyses. Our results support the hypothesis that PM2.5 confounds the relationships between THI and milk yield and somatic cell count. The results of this study can be used to inform strategies for intervention to mitigate these impacts at the dairy level and potentially contribute to a model where production animals can act as air quality sentinels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonni L Beaupied
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather Martinez
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dylan Giardina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shantanu Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Pollack IB, McCabe ME, Caulton DR, Fischer EV. Enhancements in Ammonia and Methane from Agricultural Sources in the Northeastern Colorado Front Range Using Observations from a Small Research Aircraft. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2236-2247. [PMID: 35076215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying ammonia (NH3) to methane (CH4) enhancement ratios from agricultural sources is important for understanding air pollution and nitrogen deposition. The northeastern Colorado Front Range is home to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that produce large emissions of NH3 and CH4. Isolating enhancements of NH3 and CH4 in this region due to agriculture is complicated because CAFOs are often located within regions of oil and natural gas (O&NG) extraction that are a major source of CH4 and other alkanes. Here, we utilize a small research aircraft to collect in situ 1 Hz measurements of gas-phase NH3, CH4, and ethane (C2H6) downwind of CAFOs during three flights conducted in November 2019. Enhancements in NH3 and CH4 are distinguishable up to 10 km downwind of CAFOs with the most concentrated portions of the plumes typically below 0.25 km AGL. We demonstrate that NH3 and C2H6 can be jointly used to separate near-source enhancements in CH4 from agriculture and O&NG. Molar enhancement ratios of NH3 to CH4 are quantified for individual CAFOs in this region, and they range from 0.8 to 2.7 ppbv ppbv-1. A multivariate regression model produces enhancement ratios and quantitative regional source contributions that are consistent with prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Megan E McCabe
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Dana R Caulton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Francoeur CB, McDonald BC, Gilman JB, Zarzana KJ, Dix B, Brown SS, de Gouw JA, Frost GJ, Li M, McKeen SA, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Thompson C, Warneke C, Trainer M. Quantifying Methane and Ozone Precursor Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Regions across the Contiguous US. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9129-9139. [PMID: 34161066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an updated fuel-based oil and gas (FOG) inventory with estimates of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from oil and natural gas production in the contiguous US (CONUS). We compare the FOG inventory with aircraft-derived ("top-down") emissions for NOx over footprints that account for ∼25% of US oil and natural gas production. Across CONUS, we find that the bottom-up FOG inventory combined with other anthropogenic emissions is on average within ∼10% of top-down aircraft-derived NOx emissions. We also find good agreement in the trends of NOx from drilling- and production-phase activities, as inferred by satellites and in the bottom-up inventory. Leveraging tracer-tracer relationships derived from aircraft observations, methane (CH4) and non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions have been added to the inventory. Our total CONUS emission estimates for 2015 of oil and natural gas are 0.45 ± 0.14 Tg NOx/yr, 15.2 ± 3.0 Tg CH4/yr, and 5.7 ± 1.7 Tg NMVOC/yr. Compared to the US National Emissions Inventory and Greenhouse Gas Inventory, FOG NOx emissions are ∼40% lower, while inferred CH4 and NMVOC emissions are up to a factor of ∼2 higher. This suggests that NMVOC/NOx emissions from oil and gas basins are ∼3 times higher than current estimates and will likely affect how air quality models represent ozone formation downwind of oil and gas fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby B Francoeur
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jessica B Gilman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Kyle J Zarzana
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Barbara Dix
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gregory J Frost
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Meng Li
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Stuart A McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Chelsea Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Michael Trainer
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Peng Q, Palm BB, Melander KE, Lee BH, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Campos T, Weinheimer AJ, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Hills AJ, Montzka DD, Flocke F, Hu L, Permar W, Wielgasz C, Lindaas J, Pollack IB, Fischer EV, Bertram TH, Thornton JA. HONO Emissions from Western U.S. Wildfires Provide Dominant Radical Source in Fresh Wildfire Smoke. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:5954-5963. [PMID: 32294377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are an important source of nitrous acid (HONO), a photolabile radical precursor, yet in situ measurements and quantification of primary HONO emissions from open wildfires have been scarce. We present airborne observations of HONO within wildfire plumes sampled during the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud chemistry, Aerosol absorption and Nitrogen (WE-CAN) campaign. ΔHONO/ΔCO close to the fire locations ranged from 0.7 to 17 pptv ppbv-1 using a maximum enhancement method, with the median similar to previous observations of temperate forest fire plumes. Measured HONO to NOx enhancement ratios were generally factors of 2, or higher, at early plume ages than previous studies. Enhancement ratios scale with modified combustion efficiency and certain nitrogenous trace gases, which may be useful to estimate HONO release when HONO observations are lacking or plumes have photochemical exposures exceeding an hour as emitted HONO is rapidly photolyzed. We find that HONO photolysis is the dominant contributor to hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx = OH + HO2) in early stage (<3 h) wildfire plume evolution. These results highlight the role of HONO as a major component of reactive nitrogen emissions from wildfires and the main driver of initial photochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Peng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brett B Palm
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kira E Melander
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ben H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Teresa Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Andrew J Weinheimer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Rebecca S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Alan J Hills
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Denise D Montzka
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Frank Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Wade Permar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Catherine Wielgasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jakob Lindaas
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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8
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Pye HOT, D'Ambro EL, Lee BH, Schobesberger S, Takeuchi M, Zhao Y, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Liu J, Shilling JE, Xing J, Mathur R, Middlebrook AM, Liao J, Welti A, Graus M, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Pollack IB, Thornton JA. Anthropogenic enhancements to production of highly oxygenated molecules from autoxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6641-6646. [PMID: 30886090 PMCID: PMC6452672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810774116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation of natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which constitutes a major and often dominant component of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Recent work demonstrates that rapid autoxidation of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) formed during VOC oxidation results in highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) that efficiently form SOA. As NOx emissions decrease, the chemical regime of the atmosphere changes to one in which RO2 autoxidation becomes increasingly important, potentially increasing PM2.5, while oxidant availability driving RO2 formation rates simultaneously declines, possibly slowing regional PM2.5 formation. Using a suite of in situ aircraft observations and laboratory studies of HOM, together with a detailed molecular mechanism, we show that although autoxidation in an archetypal biogenic VOC system becomes more competitive as NOx decreases, absolute HOM production rates decrease due to oxidant reductions, leading to an overall positive coupling between anthropogenic NOx and localized biogenic SOA from autoxidation. This effect is observed in the Atlanta, Georgia, urban plume where HOM is enhanced in the presence of elevated NO, and predictions for Guangzhou, China, where increasing HOM-RO2 production coincides with increases in NO from 1990 to 2010. These results suggest added benefits to PM2.5 abatement strategies come with NOx emission reductions and have implications for aerosol-climate interactions due to changes in global SOA resulting from NOx interactions since the preindustrial era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havala O T Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Emma L D'Ambro
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ben H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Jiumeng Liu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - John E Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Jia Xing
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Rohit Mathur
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Ann M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Jin Liao
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - André Welti
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Martin Graus
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John S Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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9
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Gorchov Negron AM, McDonald BC, McKeen SA, Peischl J, Ahmadov R, de Gouw JA, Frost GJ, Hastings MG, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Thompson C, Warneke C, Trainer M. Development of a Fuel-Based Oil and Gas Inventory of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:10175-10185. [PMID: 30071716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we develop an alternative Fuel-based Oil and Gas inventory (FOG) of nitrogen oxides (NO x) from oil and gas production using publicly available fuel use records and emission factors reported in the literature. FOG is compared with the Environmental Protection Agency's 2014 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) and with new top-down estimates of NO x emissions derived from aircraft and ground-based field measurement campaigns. Compared to our top-down estimates derived in four oil and gas basins (Uinta, UT, Haynesville, TX/LA, Marcellus, PA, and Fayetteville, AR), the NEI overestimates NO x by over a factor of 2 in three out of four basins, while FOG is generally consistent with atmospheric observations. Challenges in estimating oil and gas engine activity, rather than uncertainties in NO x emission factors, may explain gaps between the NEI and top-down emission estimates. Lastly, we find a consistent relationship between reactive odd nitrogen species (NO y) and ambient methane (CH4) across basins with different geological characteristics and in different stages of production. Future work could leverage this relationship as an additional constraint on CH4 emissions from oil and gas basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Gorchov Negron
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Stuart A McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ravan Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Global Systems Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Gregory J Frost
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Meredith G Hastings
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Chelsea Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Michael Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
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10
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McDonald BC, McKeen SA, Cui YY, Ahmadov R, Kim SW, Frost GJ, Pollack IB, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Graus M, Warneke C, Gilman JB, de Gouw JA, Kaiser J, Keutsch FN, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Trainer M. Modeling Ozone in the Eastern U.S. using a Fuel-Based Mobile Source Emissions Inventory. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:7360-7370. [PMID: 29870662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest overestimates in current U.S. emission inventories of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2). Here, we expand a previously developed fuel-based inventory of motor-vehicle emissions (FIVE) to the continental U.S. for the year 2013, and evaluate our estimates of mobile source emissions with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Emissions Inventory (NEI) interpolated to 2013. We find that mobile source emissions of NO x and carbon monoxide (CO) in the NEI are higher than FIVE by 28% and 90%, respectively. Using a chemical transport model, we model mobile source emissions from FIVE, and find consistent levels of urban NO x and CO as measured during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Study in 2013. Lastly, we assess the sensitivity of ozone (O3) over the Eastern U.S. to uncertainties in mobile source NO x emissions and biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. The ground-level O3 is sensitive to reductions in mobile source NO x emissions, most notably in the Southeastern U.S. and during O3 exceedance events, under the revised standard proposed in 2015 (>70 ppb, 8 h maximum). This suggests that decreasing mobile source NO x emissions could help in meeting more stringent O3 standards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C McDonald
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Stuart A McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Yu Yan Cui
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ravan Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Global Systems Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Si-Wan Kim
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Gregory J Frost
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - John S Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Martin Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Jessica B Gilman
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Jennifer Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Frank N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt , Maryland 20771 , United States
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt , Maryland 20771 , United States
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore , Maryland 21228 , United States
| | - Michael Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
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11
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Li J, Mao J, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Brown SS, Kaiser J, Keutsch FN, Volkamer R, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Graus M, Gilman JB, Lerner BM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Middlebrook AM, Liao J, Welti A, Henderson BH, McNeill VF, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Donner LJ, Paulot F, Horowitz LW. Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States. J Geophys Res Atmos 2016; 121:9849-9861. [PMID: 29619286 PMCID: PMC5880315 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We use a 0-D photochemical box model and a 3-D global chemistry-climate model, combined with observations from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign, to understand the sources and sinks of glyoxal over the Southeast United States. Box model simulations suggest a large difference in glyoxal production among three isoprene oxidation mechanisms (AM3ST, AM3B, and MCM v3.3.1). These mechanisms are then implemented into a 3-D global chemistry-climate model. Comparison with field observations shows that the average vertical profile of glyoxal is best reproduced by AM3ST with an effective reactive uptake coefficient γglyx of 2 × 10-3, and AM3B without heterogeneous loss of glyoxal. The two mechanisms lead to 0-0.8 μg m-3 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal in the boundary layer of the Southeast U.S. in summer. We consider this to be the lower limit for the contribution of glyoxal to SOA, as other sources of glyoxal other than isoprene are not included in our model. In addition, we find that AM3B shows better agreement on both formaldehyde and the correlation between glyoxal and formaldehyde (RGF = [GLYX]/[HCHO]), resulting from the suppression of δ-isoprene peroxy radicals (δ-ISOPO2). We also find that MCM v3.3.1 may underestimate glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation, in part due to an underestimated yield from the reaction of IEPOX peroxy radicals (IEPOXOO) with HO2. Our work highlights that the gas-phase production of glyoxal represents a large uncertainty in quantifying its contribution to SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Washenfelder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Frank N. Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Martin Graus
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica B. Gilman
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann M. Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jin Liao
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - André Welti
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Barron H. Henderson
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Leo J. Donner
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fabien Paulot
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Larry W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Wolfe GM, Kaiser J, Hanisco TF, Keutsch FN, de Gouw JA, Gilman JB, Graus M, Hatch CD, Holloway J, Horowitz LW, Lee BH, Lerner BM, Lopez-Hilifiker F, Mao J, Marvin MR, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Thornton JA, Veres PR, Warneke C. Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NO x regimes. Atmos Chem Phys 2016. [PMID: 29619046 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-2597-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, non-linear function of NOx (= NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall photochemical mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the Southeast U.S., we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly-emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1 - 2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9 ppbv ppbv-1), while background HCHO increases by a factor of 2 (from 1.6 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D steady state box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models under-estimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or under-estimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Detailed process rates from the box model simulation demonstrate a 3-fold increase in HCHO production across the range of observed NOx values, driven by a 100% increase in OH and a 40% increase in branching of organic peroxy radical reactions to produce HCHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F N Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L W Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - F Lopez-Hilifiker
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Mao
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - M R Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - I B Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
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13
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Nault BA, Garland C, Wooldridge PJ, Brune WH, Campuzano-Jost P, Crounse JD, Day DA, Dibb J, Hall SR, Huey LG, Jimenez JL, Liu X, Mao J, Mikoviny T, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Ren X, Ryerson TB, Scheuer E, Ullmann K, Wennberg PO, Wisthaler A, Zhang L, Cohen RC. Observational Constraints on the Oxidation of NOx in the Upper Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:1468-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William H. Brune
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Douglas A. Day
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jack Dibb
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophyiscal
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Air Resources
Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Eric Scheuer
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute
of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Li Zhang
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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14
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Liao J, Froyd KD, Murphy DM, Keutsch FN, Yu G, Wennberg PO, St Clair JM, Crounse JD, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Hu W, Ryerson TB, Pollack IB, Peischl J, Anderson BE, Ziemba LD, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Diskin G. Airborne measurements of organosulfates over the continental U.S. J Geophys Res Atmos 2015; 120:2990-3005. [PMID: 26702368 PMCID: PMC4677836 DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates are important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) components and good tracers for aerosol heterogeneous reactions. However, the knowledge of their spatial distribution, formation conditions, and environmental impact is limited. In this study, we report two organosulfates, an isoprene-derived isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) (2,3-epoxy-2-methyl-1,4-butanediol) sulfate and a glycolic acid (GA) sulfate, measured using the NOAA Particle Analysis Laser Mass Spectrometer (PALMS) on board the NASA DC8 aircraft over the continental U.S. during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment (DC3) and the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS). During these campaigns, IEPOX sulfate was estimated to account for 1.4% of submicron aerosol mass (or 2.2% of organic aerosol mass) on average near the ground in the southeast U.S., with lower concentrations in the western U.S. (0.2-0.4%) and at high altitudes (<0.2%). Compared to IEPOX sulfate, GA sulfate was more uniformly distributed, accounting for about 0.5% aerosol mass on average, and may be more abundant globally. A number of other organosulfates were detected; none were as abundant as these two. Ambient measurements confirmed that IEPOX sulfate is formed from isoprene oxidation and is a tracer for isoprene SOA formation. The organic precursors of GA sulfate may include glycolic acid and likely have both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Higher aerosol acidity as measured by PALMS and relative humidity tend to promote IEPOX sulfate formation, and aerosol acidity largely drives in situ GA sulfate formation at high altitudes. This study suggests that the formation of aerosol organosulfates depends not only on the appropriate organic precursors but also on emissions of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2), which contributes to aerosol acidity. KEY POINTS IEPOX sulfate is an isoprene SOA tracer at acidic and low NO conditions Glycolic acid sulfate may be more abundant than IEPOX sulfate globally SO2 impacts IEPOX sulfate by increasing aerosol acidity and water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Karl D Froyd
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel M Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Frank N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geology & Planetary SciencesPasadena, California, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied SciencePasadena, California, USA
| | - Jason M St Clair
- Division of Geology & Planetary SciencesPasadena, California, USA
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geology & Planetary SciencesPasadena, California, USA
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
- Now at Department of Chemistry, University of OlsoOslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
- Now at Department of Chemistry, University of OlsoOslo, Norway
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAABoulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaIrvine, California, USA
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaIrvine, California, USA
| | - Glenn Diskin
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
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15
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Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, de Gouw JA, McKeen SA, Williams LR, Daumit KE, Lambe AT, Massoli P, Canagaratna MR, Ahmadov R, Carrasquillo AJ, Cross ES, Ervens B, Holloway JS, Hunter JF, Onasch TB, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Warneke C, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Kroll JH. Mass spectral analysis of organic aerosol formed downwind of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: field studies and laboratory confirmations. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:8025-8034. [PMID: 22788666 DOI: 10.1021/es301691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In June 2010, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted two survey flights around the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. The Gulf oil spill resulted in an isolated source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors in a relatively clean environment. Measurements of aerosol composition and volatile organic species (VOCs) indicated formation of SOA from intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) downwind of the oil spill (Science2011, 331, doi 10.1126/science.1200320). In an effort to better understand formation of SOA in this environment, we present mass spectral characteristics of SOA in the Gulf and of SOA formed in the laboratory from evaporated light crude oil. Compared to urban primary organic aerosol, high-mass-resolution analysis of the background-subtracted SOA spectra in the Gulf (for short, "Gulf SOA") showed higher contribution of C(x)H(y)O(+) relative to C(x)H(y)(+) fragments at the same nominal mass. In each transect downwind of the DWH spill site, a gradient in the degree of oxidation of the Gulf SOA was observed: more oxidized SOA (oxygen/carbon = O/C ∼0.4) was observed in the area impacted by fresher oil; less oxidized SOA (O/C ∼0.3), with contribution from fragments with a hydrocarbon backbone, was found in a broader region of more-aged surface oil. Furthermore, in the plumes originating from the more-aged oil, contribution of oxygenated fragments to SOA decreased with downwind distance. Despite differences between experimental conditions in the laboratory and the ambient environment, mass spectra of SOA formed from gas-phase oxidation of crude oil by OH radicals in a smog chamber and a flow tube reactor strongly resembled the mass spectra of Gulf SOA (r(2) > 0.94). Processes that led to the observed Gulf SOA characteristics are also likely to occur in polluted regions where VOCs and IVOCs are coemitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bahreini
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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Langridge JM, Lack D, Brock CA, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Perring AE, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Holloway JS, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Roberts JM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Trainer MK, Murphy DM. Evolution of aerosol properties impacting visibility and direct climate forcing in an ammonia-rich urban environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Cooper OR, Naik V, Holloway J, Johnson BJ, Middlebrook AM, Oltmans SJ, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Warner JX, Wiedinmyer C, Wilson J, Wyman B. Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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de Gouw JA, Middlebrook AM, Warneke C, Ahmadov R, Atlas EL, Bahreini R, Blake DR, Brock CA, Brioude J, Fahey DW, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Le Henaff M, Lueb RA, McKeen SA, Meagher JF, Murphy DM, Paris C, Parrish DD, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Ravishankara AR, Robinson AL, Ryerson TB, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Srinivasan A, Watts LA. Organic aerosol formation downwind from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Science 2011; 331:1295-9. [PMID: 21393539 DOI: 10.1126/science.1200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
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20
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Derro EL, Pollack IB, Dempsey LP, Greenslade ME, Lei Y, Radenović DC, Lester MI. Fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy and predissociation dynamics of OH AΣ+2 (v=4) radicals. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:244313. [PMID: 16035763 DOI: 10.1063/1.1937387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy, an UV-IR double-resonance technique, is employed to characterize the line positions, linewidths, and corresponding lifetimes of highly predissociative rovibrational levels of the excited A (2)Sigma(+) electronic state of the OH radical. Various lines of the 4 <--2 overtone transition in the excited A (2)Sigma(+) state are observed, from which the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin-rotation constants for the A (2)Sigma(+) (v = 4) state are determined, along with the vibrational frequency for the overtone transition. Homogeneous linewidths of 0.23-0.31 cm(-1) full width at half maximum are extracted from the line profiles, demonstrating that the N = 0 to 7 rotational levels of the OH A (2)Sigma(+) (v = 4) state undergo rapid predissociation with lifetimes of < or =23 ps. The experimental linewidths are in near quantitative agreement with first-principles theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104-6323, USA
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21
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Konen IM, Pollack IB, Li EXJ, Lester MI, Varner ME, Stanton JF. Infrared overtone spectroscopy and unimolecular decay dynamics of peroxynitrous acid. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094320. [PMID: 15836141 DOI: 10.1063/1.1854094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrous acid (HOONO) is generated in a pulsed supersonic expansion through recombination of photolytically generated OH and NO(2) radicals. A rotationally resolved infrared action spectrum of HOONO is obtained in the OH overtone region at 6971.351(4) cm(-1) (origin), providing definitive spectroscopic identification of the trans-perp (tp) conformer of HOONO. Analysis of the rotational band structure yields rotational constants for the near prolate asymmetric top, the ratio of the a-type to c-type components of the transition dipole moment for the hybrid band, and a homogeneous linewidth arising from intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution and/or dissociation. The quantum state distribution of the OH (nu=0,J(OH)) products from dissociation is well characterized by a microcanonical statistical distribution constrained only by the energy available to products, 1304+/-38 cm(-1). This yields a 5667+/-38 cm(-1) [16.2(1) kcal mol(-1)] binding energy for tp-HOONO. An equivalent available energy and corresponding binding energy are obtained from the highest observed OH product state. Complementary high level ab initio calculations are carried out in conjunction with second-order vibrational perturbation theory to predict the spectroscopic observables associated with the OH overtone transition of tp-HOONO including its vibrational frequency, rotational constants, and transition dipole moment. The same approach is used to compute frequencies and intensities of multiple quantum transitions that aid in the assignment of weaker features observed in the OH overtone region, in particular, a combination band of tp-HOONO involving the HOON torsional mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Konen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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22
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Pollack IB, Konen IM, Li EXJ, Lester MI. Spectroscopic characterization of HOONO and its binding energy via infrared action spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1624246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Pollack IB, Tsiouris M, Leung HO, Lester MI. Infrared action spectroscopy and time-resolved dynamics of the OD–CO reactant complex. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1577320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsiouris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Tsiouris M, Pollack IB, Leung HO, Marshall MD, Lester MI. OD–N2: Infrared spectroscopy, potential anisotropy, and predissociation dynamics from infared-ultraviolet double resonance studies. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1425833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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