1
|
Grêaux KM, van Assema P, Bessems KMHH, de Vries NK, Harting J. Patterns in bottlenecks for implementation of health promotion interventions: a cross-sectional observational study on intervention-context interactions in the Netherlands. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:183. [PMID: 37848963 PMCID: PMC10580618 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a complex systems perspective, implementation should be understood as the introduction of an intervention in a context with which it needs to interact in order to achieve its function in terms of improved health. The presence of intervention-context interactions could mean that during implementation particular patterns of crucial interaction points might arise. We examined the presence of - and regularities in - such 'bottlenecks for implementation', as this could create opportunities to predict and intervene in potential implementation problems. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study against the background of municipal intersectoral policymaking in the Netherlands. We asked implementers of health promotion interventions to identify bottlenecks by rating the presence and importance of conditions for implementation in a range of intervention systems. We used descriptive statistics to characterize these systems (by their behaviour change method, health theme and implementation setting) and the conditions that acted as bottlenecks. After stratifying bottlenecks by intervention system and the system's characteristics, we tested our hypotheses by comparing the number and nature of the bottlenecks that emerged. RESULTS More than half of the possible conditions were identified as a bottleneck for implementation. Bottlenecks occurred in all categories of conditions, e.g., relating to the implementer, the intervention, and political and administrative support, and often connected with intersectoral policymaking, e.g., relating to the co-implementer and the co-implementer's organization. Both our hypotheses were supported: (1) Each intervention system came across a unique set of - a limited number of - conditions hampering implementation; (2) Most bottlenecks were associated with the characteristics of the system in which they occurred, but bottlenecks also appeared in the absence of such an association, or remained absent in the presence thereof. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intervention-context interactions in integrated health policymaking may lead to both regularities and variations in bottlenecks for implementation. Regularities may partly be predicted by the function of an intervention system, and may serve as the basis for building the capacity needed for the structural changes that can bring about long-lasting health improvements. Variations may point at the need for flexibility in further tailoring the implementation approach to the - mostly unpredictable - problems at individual sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Grêaux
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - P van Assema
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Caphri School of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - K M H H Bessems
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Caphri School of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases Research Programme, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antunes GC, Malgaretti P, Harting J. Turning catalytically active pores into active pumps. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134903. [PMID: 37787144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a semi-analytical model of self-diffusioosmotic transport in active pores, which includes advective transport and the inverse chemical reaction that consumes solute. In previous work [Antunes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 188003 (2022)], we have demonstrated the existence of a spontaneous symmetry breaking in fore-aft symmetric pores that enables them to function as a micropump. We now show that this pumping transition is controlled by three timescales. Two timescales characterize advective and diffusive transport. The third timescale corresponds to how long a solute molecule resides in the pore before being consumed. Introducing asymmetry to the pore (either via the shape or the catalytic coating) reveals a second type of advection-enabled transition. In asymmetric pores, the flow rate exhibits discontinuous jumps and hysteresis loops upon tuning the parameters that control the asymmetry. This work demonstrates the interconnected roles of shape and catalytic patterning in the dynamics of active pores and shows how to design a pump for optimum performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Antunes
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauer Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Malgaretti
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauer Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauer Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen und Department Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elsenburg LK, Galenkamp H, Abrahamse ME, Harting J. Longitudinal changes in quality of life and psychosocial problems of primary school children in a deprived urban neighborhood over the course of a school-based integrated approach. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:343-352. [PMID: 34510264 PMCID: PMC9971113 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The municipality of Amsterdam implemented a 2-year school-based integrated approach in schools in a deprived neighborhood. The integrated approach targeted the domains of education, health and poverty and the children's school, neighborhood and home environment by involving various agencies and actors. In this study, changes in children's quality of life and psychosocial problems over the course of the integrated approach were examined and evaluated. A dynamic cohort design was used. At five measurement occasions (T1-T5) during 2 years, children from four consecutive grades in five schools filled out a questionnaire (total n = 614). In children between 7 and 13 years, quality of life was measured with the KIDSCREEN-10. In children between 9 and 13 years, psychosocial problems were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations were applied. Time, sex, age, socio-economic status, ethnic background, grade, and school were included as independent variables. Quality of life was higher from the first follow-up during the approach (T2) until the end of the approach (T4) compared to at the start of the approach (T1). At T5, several months after the approach ended, scores returned back to baseline. Likewise, a reduction in children's psychosocial problems was detected at the end of the approach (T4) compared to at the start of the approach (T1). However, both before and after that time point, no improvements were detected. This study shows that integrated approaches can be beneficial for children's quality of life and psychosocial health, but continued investments may be needed to maintain established improvements.Trial registration NTR6571 (NL6395), August 4 2017 retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Elsenburg
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Galenkamp
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E Abrahamse
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antunes GC, Malgaretti P, Harting J, Dietrich S. Pumping and Mixing in Active Pores. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:188003. [PMID: 36374705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.188003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We show both numerically and analytically that a chemically patterned active pore can act as a micro- or nanopump for fluids, even if it is fore-aft symmetric. This is possible due to a spontaneous symmetry breaking which occurs when advection rather than diffusion is the dominant mechanism of solute transport. We further demonstrate that, for pumping and tuning the flow rate, a combination of geometrical and chemical inhomogeneities is required. For certain parameter values, the flow is unsteady, and persistent oscillations with a tunable frequency appear. Finally, we find that the flow exhibits convection rolls and hence promotes mixing in the low Reynolds number regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Antunes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauerstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Malgaretti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauerstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Cauerstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemie-und Bioingenieurwesen und Department Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - S Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Torensma M, Harting J, Boateng L, Agyemang C, Lassooy-Tekle Y, Jacob Y, van den Muijsenbergh M, el Fakiri F, Prins M, Stronks K. Uptake and impact of COVID-19 preventive measures amongst migrant populations in the Netherlands. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Uptake of preventive measures to reduce transmission of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, is crucial in the control of pandemics. To ensure equitable uptake we explored contextual factors that shaped uptake of COVID-19 preventive measures amongst smaller, albeit substantial, migrant populations in the Netherlands. 39 persons of Eritrean, Ghanaian, Indonesian and Filipino origin, with diverse legal status and length of stay in the Netherlands, participated in five online focus group discussions. Thematic analysis of data was informed by concepts from the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Protection Motivation Theory. Awareness and knowledge of preventive measures was shaped by limited Dutch proficiency, access to understandable information and interference of misinformation. Engagement by preventive measures was subject to COVID-19 threat appraisal and the ease with which complex behavioural messages could be translated to individual situations. Perceived vulnerability of undocumented migrants in particular, motivated information-seeking. A strong social norm to keep with cultural and religious practices, and limited opportunity for preventive behaviour in work and home context hindered uptake of preventive behaviour. Preventive measures brought about job, food, and housing insecurity, and increased barriers in access to healthcare for undocumented migrants. Migration-related, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors shape uptake of preventive measures. Preventive measures negatively impact work, housing and access to healthcare of undocumented migrants. Our results suggest importance of multilingual information tailored to literacy needs; education and modelling of behaviour; and, regulations to ensure continued access to financial and material resources to minimise negative spill-over effects. Results were incorporated in two policy briefs advising local and national government. Collaboration with municipal health services lead to multilingual public health information.
Key messages
• Migration-related, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors shape uptake of preventive measures.
• Preventive measures negatively impact work, housing and access to healthcare of undocumented migrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Torensma
- Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Boateng
- Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Agyemang
- Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Y Jacob
- Pharos Expertise Centre on Health Disparities , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M van den Muijsenbergh
- Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Pharos Expertise Centre on Health Disparities , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F el Fakiri
- Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Care Innovation, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Prins
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Stronks
- Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harting J, Kuipers MAG. Implementing a smoking cessation training for lower socioeconomic groups into local policy in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Identifying preconditions and barriers among multiple stakeholder groups. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence are high, partly because smoking cessation programs are insufficiently accessible and suitable for smokers with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP). To make it easier for this target group to access suitable smoking cessation programs, it is necessary to structurally implement such programs into local policies. The study aims to identify preconditions and barriers for the implementation of smoking cessation programs for people with low SEP from the perspective of key stakeholders.
Methods
The Feel Free! Smoking cessation rolling group training has been previously developed for people from lower socio-economic groups and was implemented in Amsterdam Noord. Semi-structured interviews were held with 25 stakeholders consisting of participants, trainers, professionals in the neighbourhood and stakeholders of the municipality. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach. The Implementation Framework of Fleuren will be used to structure the presentation.
Results
The main preconditions found are effective recruitment of participants by local professionals, having a central coordinator for implementation within the neighbourhood network, and offering a smoking cessation program with a clear added value for participants. The main barriers found are challenges in setting up a sustainable financial structure, allocation of organizational tasks, and high participant absences and dropout. More results will be presented in detail.
Conclusions
This study shows that action is required from various stakeholders to facilitate the implementation process. These findings can inform policy makers and implementers to choose strategies to implement suitable smoking cessation programs into local policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Harting
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - MAG Kuipers
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wouters M, Aouane O, Sega M, Harting J. Lattice Boltzmann simulations of drying suspensions of soft particles. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200399. [PMID: 34455838 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ordering of particles in the drying process of a colloidal suspension is crucial in determining the properties of the resulting film. For example, microscopic inhomogeneities can lead to the formation of cracks and defects that can deteriorate the quality of the film considerably. This type of problem is inherently multiscale and here we study it numerically, using our recently developed method for the simulation of soft polymeric capsules in multicomponent fluids. We focus on the effect of the particle softness on the film microstructure during the drying phase and how it relates to the formation of defects. We quantify the order of the particles by measuring both the Voronoi entropy and the isotropic order parameter. Surprisingly, both observables exhibit a non-monotonic behaviour when the softness of the particles is increased. We further investigate the correlation between the interparticle interaction and the change in the microstructure during the evaporation phase. We observe that the rigid particles form chain-like structures that tend to scatter into small clusters when the particle softness is increased. This article is part of the theme issue 'Progress in mesoscale methods for fluid dynamics simulation'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wouters
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom, 70, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - O Aouane
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - M Sega
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zitz S, Scagliarini A, Harting J. Lattice Boltzmann simulations of stochastic thin film dewetting. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034801. [PMID: 34654097 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study numerically the effect of thermal fluctuations and of variable fluid-substrate interactions on the spontaneous dewetting of thin liquid films. To this aim, we use a recently developed lattice Boltzmann method for thin liquid film flows, equipped with a properly devised stochastic term. While it is known that thermal fluctuations yield shorter rupture times, we show that this is a general feature of hydrophilic substrates, irrespective of the contact angle θ. The ratio between deterministic and stochastic rupture times, though, decreases with θ. Finally, we discuss the case of fluctuating thin film dewetting on chemically patterned substrates and its dependence on the form of the wettability gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zitz
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Strasse 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - A Scagliarini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "M. Picone" (IAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.,INFN, sezione Roma "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Strasse 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grêaux KM, de Vries NK, Bessems KMHH, Harting J, van Assema P. Does partnership diversity in intersectoral policymaking matter for health promoting intervention packages' composition? A multiple-case study in the Netherlands. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:616-629. [PMID: 32851410 PMCID: PMC8384381 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intersectoral policymaking to improve public health includes integrated health promotion (HP) intervention packages that address a variety of health behavior determinants. The involvement of different partners is assumed to be necessary to implement such integrated packages. We examined how partnership diversity was associated with the composition of intervention packages implemented in Dutch municipalities. In a longitudinal multiple-case study (2012-14), we collected questionnaire data among 31 project leaders and 152 intervention implementers in 31 (alliances of) municipalities. Package composition was assessed in terms of intervention strategies, implementation settings and targeted behavioral determinants. Partnership diversity during the adoption and implementation phases was assessed in terms of the actors and sectors, as well as private partners and citizens involved. The association between partnership diversity and package composition was examined using crosstabs. Almost all packages integrated multiple strategies, but mostly education, facilitation and case finding, in multiple, but mostly health and public settings, such as schools. The packages targeted diverse behavioral determinants, although mainly personal and social environmental factors. A variety of partners from multiple sectors was involved, during both adoption and implementation of the packages. However, partners from the health, welfare and education sectors were mostly involved. More partnership diversity, especially during implementation, was associated with more integrated intervention packages. In intersectoral policymaking, investment in diversely composed partnerships seems worthwhile for implementing integrated intervention packages. However, investments in other conditions, like framing health issues and network management, are also needed to make environmental determinants of health behavior the object of HP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Grêaux
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, MD Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, MD Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - K M H H Bessems
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, MD Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, DD Amsterdam 1100, The Netherlands
| | - P van Assema
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, MD Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hubert M, Trosman O, Collard Y, Sukhov A, Harting J, Vandewalle N, Smith AS. Scallop Theorem and Swimming at the Mesoscale. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:224501. [PMID: 34152187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.224501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By comparing theoretical modeling, simulations, and experiments, we show that there exists a swimming regime at low Reynolds numbers solely driven by the inertia of the swimmer itself. This is demonstrated by considering a dumbbell with an asymmetry in coasting time in its two spheres. Despite deforming in a reciprocal fashion, the dumbbell swims by generating a nonreciprocal Stokesian flow, which arises from the asymmetry in coasting times. This asymmetry acts as a second degree of freedom, which allows the scallop theorem to be fulfilled at the mesoscopic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hubert
- PULS Group, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - O Trosman
- PULS Group, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Collard
- GRASP, Research unit CESAM, Institute of Physics B5a, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Sukhov
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP, Research unit CESAM, Institute of Physics B5a, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A-S Smith
- PULS Group, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uttinger MJ, Jung D, Dao N, Canziani H, Lübbert C, Vogel N, Peukert W, Harting J, Walter J. Probing sedimentation non-ideality of particulate systems using analytical centrifugation. Soft Matter 2021; 17:2803-2814. [PMID: 33554981 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analytical centrifugation is a versatile technique for the quantitative characterization of colloidal systems including colloidal stability. The recent developments in data acquisition and evaluation allow the accurate determination of particle size, shape anisotropy and particle density. High precision analytical centrifugation is in particular suited for the study of particle interactions and concentration-dependent sedimentation coefficients. We present a holistic approach for the quantitative determination of sedimentation non-ideality via analytical centrifugation for polydisperse, plain and amino-functionalized silica particles spanning over one order of magnitude in particle size between 100 nm and 1200 nm. These systems typically behave as neutral hard spheres as predicted by auxiliary lattice Boltzmann simulations. The extent of electrostatic interactions and their impact on sedimentation non-ideality can be quantified by the repulsion range, which is the ratio of the Debye length and the average interparticle distance. Experimental access to the repulsion range is provided through conductivity measurements. With the experimental repulsion range at hand, we estimate the effect of polydispersity on concentration-dependent sedimentation properties through a combination of lattice Boltzmann and Brownian dynamics simulations. Finally, we determine the concentration-dependent sedimentation properties of charge-stabilized, fluorescently-labeled silica particles with a nominal particle size of 30 nm and reduced interparticle distance, hence an elevated repulsion range. Overall, our results demonstrate how the influence of hard-sphere type and electrostatic interactions can be quantified when probing sedimentation non-ideality of particulate systems using analytical centrifugation even for systems exhibiting moderate sample heterogeneity and complex interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Uttinger
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Jung
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - N Dao
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - H Canziani
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Lübbert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - W Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Harting
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - J Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elsenburg LK, Abrahamse ME, Harting J. Implementation of a Dutch school-based integrated approach targeting education, health and poverty-a process evaluation. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6153941. [PMID: 33647968 PMCID: PMC8851351 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides an evaluation of the implementation of a school-based integrated approach to improve academic outcomes by targeting children’s education, health, and poverty. A two-year municipal subsidy program was provided to four primary schools in a deprived urban neighborhood in Amsterdam. Schools were put in charge of the implementation and coordination of the program. The municipality and district authorities provided assistance. This study evaluated whether the program functioned as integrated approach, i.e., whether it targeted multiple domains and environments by involving various agencies and actors, and what factors facilitated or hampered this. It also yielded an overview of the initiatives implemented and the facilitators and barriers of successful implementation of initiatives. Principals’ perceptions served as the main input for this study. We thematically analyzed seven written customized plans for spending the subsidy (one to two per school), 15 transcripts of interviews with the principals (three to four per school) and the minutes of 16 meetings between principals, policy officers, and researchers. According to the principals, the schools had made great progress in the education domain and in improving the school’s pedagogical climate, but in the health and poverty domains less progress had been made. Apart from the municipality, relatively few external agencies and actors had been actively involved in the program, and progress in other environments than the school was hardly achieved. This study shows that functioning of the program as integrated approach was facilitated by connections between initiatives, and that hired, well-trusted third parties may be crucial to establish these connections. Lay summary This study evaluated whether a two-year municipal program to improve academic outcomes by targeting children’s education, health, and poverty, provided to primary schools in a deprived urban neighborhood, functioned as intended, and if so why, or if not, why not. The program was intended to function as integrated approach. This means that it was supposed to target the mentioned domains, the school, home, and neighborhood environment, and to involve various agencies and actors, such as school staff, policy officers, parents, children, and external organizations. The school principals could implement multiple, self-chosen, initiatives. According to the principals, on whose perceptions this evaluation study was primarily based, both teaching and the school climate improved during the program. However, improvements in children’s health and poverty levels, and outside the school environment in general, were more difficult to achieve. In addition, the program involved mainly school staff and policy officers. The program thus functioned as an integrated approach, but only to a limited extent. The functioning of the program as integrated approach was facilitated by involving hired third parties to stimulate interconnection of initiatives, i.e., initiatives serving the same goals, involving multiple agencies and actors, and/or being implemented in the same location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Elsenburg
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M E Abrahamse
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuil SD, Hidad S, Fischer JC, Harting J, Hertogh CMPM, Prins JM, de Jong MD, van Leth F, Schneeberger C. Sensitivity of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin measured by Point-of-Care tests to diagnose urinary tract infections in nursing home residents: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3867-e3875. [PMID: 33175147 PMCID: PMC8664473 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home residents is complex, as specific urinary symptoms are often absent and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is prevalent. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), measured by point-of-care tests (PoCTs), to diagnose UTIs in this setting. Methods Elderly residents (≥65 years old) with a suspected UTI were recruited from psychogeriatric, somatic, or rehabilitation wards across 13 participating nursing homes. CRP and PCT were tested simultaneously in the same study participants. To assess the tests’ sensitivities, a stringent definition of “true” UTI was used that included the presence of symptoms, urinary leucocytes, a positive urine culture, and symptom resolution during antibiotic treatment covering isolated uropathogen(s). The original sample size was 440 suspected UTI episodes, in order to detect a clinically relevant sensitivity of at least 65% when calculated using the matched analysis approach to compare both PoCTs. Results After enrollment of 302 episodes (68.6% of the planned sample size), an unplanned and funder-mandated interim analysis was done, resulting in premature discontinuation of the study for futility. For 247 of 266 eligible episodes, all mandatory items required for the true UTI definition (92.9%) were available. In total, 49 episodes fulfilled our stringent UTI definition (19.8%). The sensitivities of CRP (cut-off, 6.5 mg/L) and PCT (cut-off, 0.025 ng/mL) were 52.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.7–67.5%) and 37.0% (95% CI, 23.2–52.5%), respectively. Conclusions Our results indicate that CRP and PCT are not suitable tests for distinguishing UTI and ASB in nursing home residents. Clinical Trials Registration Netherlands Trial Registry NL6293.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Kuil
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Hidad
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Fischer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M P M Hertogh
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, University Network of Organizations for Elderly Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Prins
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D de Jong
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F van Leth
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Schneeberger
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuil SD, Schneeberger C, van Leth F, de Jong MD, Harting J. "A false sense of confidence" The perceived role of inflammatory point-of-care testing in managing urinary tract infections in Dutch nursing homes: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:450. [PMID: 33148189 PMCID: PMC7643302 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in nursing home residents is complex, due to frequent non-specific symptomatology and asymptomatic bacteriuria. The objective of this study was to explore health care professionals' perceptions of the proposed use of inflammatory marker Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) in this respect. METHODS We conducted a qualitative inquiry (2018-2019) alongside the multicenter PROGRESS study (NL6293), which assessed the sensitivity of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin POCT in UTI. We used semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The participants were physicians (n = 12) and nurses (n = 6) from 13 nursing homes in the Netherlands. Most respondents were not familiar with inflammatory marker POCT, while some used POCT for respiratory tract infections. Both the interview guide and the analysis of the interview transcripts were based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS All respondents acknowledged that sufficiently sensitive POCT could decrease diagnostic uncertainty to some extent in residents presenting with non-specific symptoms. They primarily thought that negative test results would rule out UTI and justify withholding antibiotic treatment. Secondly, they described how positive test results could rule in UTI and justify antimicrobial treatment. However, most respondents also expected new diagnostic uncertainties to arise. Firstly, in case of negative test results, they were not sure how to deal with residents' persisting non-specific symptoms. Secondly, in case of positive test results, they feared overlooking infections other than UTI. These new uncertainties could lead to inappropriate antibiotics use. Therefore, POCT was thought to create a false sense of confidence. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that inflammatory marker POCT will only improve UTI management in nursing homes to some extent. To realize the expected added value, any implementation of POCT requires thorough guidance to ensure appropriate use. Developing UTI markers with high negative and positive predictive values may offer greater potential to improve UTI management in nursing homes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Kuil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - C Schneeberger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F van Leth
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peter T, Malgaretti P, Rivas N, Scagliarini A, Harting J, Dietrich S. Numerical simulations of self-diffusiophoretic colloids at fluid interfaces. Soft Matter 2020; 16:3536-3547. [PMID: 32215402 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of active colloids is very sensitive to the presence of boundaries and interfaces which therefore can be used to control their motion. Here we analyze the dynamics of active colloids adsorbed at a fluid-fluid interface. By using a mesoscopic numerical approach which relies on an approximated numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation, we show that when adsorbed at a fluid interface, an active colloid experiences a net torque even in the absence of a viscosity contrast between the two adjacent fluids. In particular, we study the dependence of this torque on the contact angle of the colloid with the fluid-fluid interface and on its surface properties. We rationalize our results via an approximate approach which accounts for the appearance of a local friction coefficient. By providing insight into the dynamics of active colloids adsorbed at fluid interfaces, our results are relevant for two-dimensional self assembly and emulsion stabilization by means of active colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We propose an approach to the numerical simulation of thin-film flows based on the lattice Boltzmann method. We outline the basic features of the method, show in which limits the expected thin-film equations are recovered, and perform validation tests. The numerical scheme is applied to the viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability of a thin film and to the spreading of a sessile drop toward its equilibrium contact angle configuration. We show that the Cox-Voinov law is satisfied and that the effect of a tunable slip length on the substrate is correctly captured. We address, then, the problem of a droplet sliding on an inclined plane, finding that the Capillary number scales linearly with the Bond number, in agreement with experimental results. At last, we demonstrate the ability of the method to handle heterogenous and complex systems by showcasing the controlled dewetting of a thin film on a chemically structured substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zitz
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - A Scagliarini
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.,Institute for Applied Mathematics "M. Picone" (IAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Maddu
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - A A Darhuber
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.,Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peters DTJM, Raab J, Grêaux KM, Stronks K, Harting J. Structural integration and performance of inter-sectoral public health-related policy networks: An analysis across policy phases. Health Policy 2017; 121:1296-1302. [PMID: 29033059 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-sectoral policy networks may be effective in addressing environmental determinants of health with interventions. However, contradictory results are reported on relations between structural network characteristics (i.e., composition and integration) and network performance, such as addressing environmental determinants of health. This study examines these relations in different phases of the policy process. METHODS A multiple-case study was performed on four public health-related policy networks. Using a snowball method among network actors, overall and sub-networks per policy phase were identified and the policy sector of each actor was assigned. To operationalise the outcome variable, interventions were classified by the proportion of environmental determinants they addressed. RESULTS In the overall networks, no relation was found between structural network characteristics and network performance. In most effective cases, the policy development sub-networks were characterised by integration with less interrelations between actors (low cohesion), more equally distributed distances between the actors (low closeness centralisation), and horizontal integration in inter-sectoral cliques. The most effective case had non-public health central actors with less connections in all sub-networks. CONCLUSION The results suggest that, to address environmental determinants of health, sub-networks should be inter-sectorally composed in the policy development rather than in the intervention development and implementation phases, and that policy development actors should have the opportunity to connect with other actors, without strong direction from a central actor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T J M Peters
- Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, the Netherlands
| | - J Raab
- University of Tilburg, Department of Organization Studies, the Netherlands
| | - K M Grêaux
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - K Stronks
- Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, the Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peters DTJM, Verweij S, Grêaux K, Stronks K, Harting J. Conditions for addressing environmental determinants of health behavior in intersectoral policy networks: A fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Soc Sci Med 2017; 195:34-41. [PMID: 29125942 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improving health requires changes in the social, physical, economic and political determinants of health behavior. For the realization of policies that address these environmental determinants, intersectoral policy networks are considered necessary for the pooling of resources to implement different policy instruments. However, such network diversity may increase network complexity and therefore hamper network performance. Network complexity may be reduced by network management and the provision of financial resources. This study examined whether network diversity - amidst the other conditions - is indeed needed to address environmental determinants of health behavior. We included 25 intersectoral policy networks in Dutch municipalities aimed at reducing overweight, smoking, and alcohol/drugs abuse. For our fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis we used data from three web-based surveys among (a) project leaders regarding network diversity and size (n = 38); (b) project leaders and project partners regarding management (n = 278); and (c) implementation professionals regarding types of environmental determinants addressed (n = 137). Data on budgets were retrieved from project application forms. Contrary to their intentions, most policy networks typically addressed personal determinants. If the environment was addressed too, it was mostly the social environment. To address environmental determinants of health behavior, network diversity (>50% of the actors are non-public health) was necessary in networks that were either small (<16 actors) or had small budgets (<€183,172), when both were intensively managed. Irrespective of network diversity, environmental determinants also were addressed by small networks with large budgets, and by large networks with small budgets, when both provided network management. We conclude that network diversity is important - although not necessary - for resource pooling to address environmental determinants of health behavior, but only effective in the presence of network management. Our findings may support intersectoral policy networks in improving health behaviors by addressing a variety of environmental determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T J M Peters
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Verweij
- Department of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Germany; Department of Planning, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Grêaux
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - K Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tubbing L, Stronks K, Storm I, Bekker M, Harting J. Expert validation and reliability of a checklist for integrated public health policy. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv175.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
van der Veen S, Harting J. BigMove mental health program: Improving capabilities, self-perceived health and quality of life. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
21
|
Peters DT, Verweij S, Greaux K, Stronks K, Harting J. Conditions for policy innovation in Dutch intersectoral policy networks: a fsQCA analysis. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv170.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Cappelli S, Xie Q, Harting J, de Jong A, Prins M. Dynamic wetting: status and prospective of single particle based experiments and simulations. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:420-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Langeveld K, Harting J, Stronks K. The employment of a knowledge broker as a means to make health an integral part of the local policy: A case study in the city district of Amsterdam New West, The Netherlands, 2011-2013. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku161.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Langeveld K, Harting J, Stronks K. The Development and implementation of Healthy Public Policy on the operational level by a knowledge broker: a study of three cases in the city district of Amsterdam New West, the Netherlands 2012-2014. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku165.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
25
|
Peters DTJM, Klijn EH, Stronks K, Harting J. Trust, management and performance in public health related local policy networks. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku163.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
26
|
Bleibel J, Domínguez A, Günther F, Harting J, Oettel M. Hydrodynamic interactions induce anomalous diffusion under partial confinement. Soft Matter 2014; 10:2945-2948. [PMID: 24647326 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Under partial confinement, the motion of colloidal particles is restricted to a plane or a line but their dynamics is influenced by hydrodynamic interactions mediated by the unconfined, three-dimensional flow of the embedding fluid. We demonstrate that this dimensionality mismatch induces a characteristic divergence in the collective diffusion coefficient of the colloidal subsystem. This result, independent of the specific interparticle forces in the colloid, is solely due to the kinematical constraint on the colloidal particles, and it is different from the known divergence of transport coefficients in purely one or two-dimensional fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bleibel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vermeer AJM, Van Assema P, Hesdahl B, Harting J, De Vries NK. Factors influencing perceived sustainability of Dutch community health programs. Health Promot Int 2013; 30:473-83. [PMID: 24021354 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dat059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the perceived sustainability of community health programs organized by local intersectoral coalitions, as well as the factors that collaborating partners think might influence sustainability. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 31 collaborating partners of 5 community health programs in deprived neighborhoods in the southern part of the Netherlands. The interview guide was based on a conceptual framework that includes factors related to the context, the leading organization, leadership, the coalition, collaborating partners, interventions and outcomes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and content analyzed using NVivo 8.0. Participants in each of the programs varied in their perceptions of the sustainability of the program, but those people collaborating in pre-existing neighborhood structures expressed relatively high faith in their continuation. The participating citizens in particular believed that these structures would continue to address the health of the community in the future. We found factors from all categories of the conceptual framework that were perceived to influence sustainability. The program leaders appeared to be crucial to the programs, as they were frequently mentioned in close interaction with other factors. Program leaders should use a motivating and supportive leadership style and should act as 'program champions'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J M Vermeer
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, MD 6200, The Netherlands Department of Health Promotion, GGD Zuid Limburg, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands Academic Centre for Public Health Limburg, Maastricht, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands
| | - P Van Assema
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, MD 6200, The Netherlands Academic Centre for Public Health Limburg, Maastricht, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands
| | - B Hesdahl
- Department of Health Promotion, GGD Zuid Limburg, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands Academic Centre for Public Health Limburg, Maastricht, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands
| | - J Harting
- Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam, DD 1100, The Netherlands
| | - N K De Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, MD 6200, The Netherlands Academic Centre for Public Health Limburg, Maastricht, PO Box 2022, Geleen, HA 6160, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weeber R, Harting J. Hydrodynamic interactions in active colloidal crystal microrheology. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:057302. [PMID: 23214913 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.057302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In dense colloids it is commonly assumed that hydrodynamic interactions do not play a role. However, a found theoretical quantification is often missing. We present computer simulations that are motivated by experiments where a large colloidal particle is dragged through a colloidal crystal. To qualify the influence of long-ranged hydrodynamics, we model the setup by conventional Langevin dynamics simulations and by an improved scheme with limited hydrodynamic interactions. This scheme significantly improves our results and allows to show that hydrodynamics strongly impacts the development of defects, the crystal regeneration, as well as the jamming behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Weeber
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peyrani P, Allen M, Seligson D, Roberts C, Chen A, Haque N, Zervos M, Wiemken T, Harting J, Christensen D, Ramirez R. Clinical outcomes of osteomyelitis patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA-300 strains. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2012; 41:117-122. [PMID: 22530208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA-300 strains have emerged as an important cause of community-acquired infections. These strains have been recognized as an etiology of osteomyelitis but data on their incidence and outcomes are limited. We retrospectively studied the incidence and clinical outcomes of MRSA USA-300 osteomyelitis in patients at the University of Louisville Hospital and the Henry Ford Health System between January 2007 and March 2008. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine USA type. Clinical outcomes were defined as management success versus failure at 12 months. Chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare patient characteristics on the basis of clinical outcomes and USA type. Of the 50 patients with MRSA osteomyelitis, 27 (54%) had the USA-300 strain. Clinical failure was identified in 22% (6/27) of the patients with MRSA USA-300 and in 30% (7/23) of the patients with MRSA non-USA-300 osteomyelitis (P = .509). Our results showed that MRSA USA-300 is a significant etiology of MRSA osteomyelitis. With current surgical and medical management, outcomes of patients with MRSA USA-300 osteomyelitis are similar to those of patients with MRSA non-USA-300 osteomyelitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Peyrani
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Janoschek F, Mancini F, Harting J, Toschi F. Rotational behaviour of red blood cells in suspension: a mesoscale simulation study. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2011; 369:2337-2344. [PMID: 21536581 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nature of blood as a suspension of red blood cells makes computational haemodynamics a demanding task. Our coarse-grained blood model, which builds on a lattice Boltzmann method for soft particle suspensions, enables the study of the collective behaviour of the order of 10(6) cells in suspension. After demonstrating the viscosity measurement in Kolmogorov flow, we focus on the statistical analysis of the cell orientation and rotation in Couette flow. We quantify the average inclination with respect to the flow and the nematic order as a function of shear rate and haematocrit. We further record the distribution of rotation periods around the vorticity direction and find a pronounced peak in the vicinity of the theoretical value for free model cells, even though cell-cell interactions manifest themselves in a substantial width of the distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Janoschek
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gutsche C, Elmahdy MM, Kegler K, Semenov I, Stangner T, Otto O, Ueberschär O, Keyser UF, Krueger M, Rauscher M, Weeber R, Harting J, Kim YW, Lobaskin V, Netz RR, Kremer F. Micro-rheology on (polymer-grafted) colloids using optical tweezers. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:184114. [PMID: 21508470 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/18/184114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers are experimental tools with extraordinary resolution in positioning (± 1 nm) a micron-sized colloid and in the measurement of forces (± 50 fN) acting on it-without any mechanical contact. This enables one to carry out a multitude of novel experiments in nano- and microfluidics, of which the following will be presented in this review: (i) forces within single pairs of colloids in media of varying concentration and valency of the surrounding ionic solution, (ii) measurements of the electrophoretic mobility of single colloids in different solvents (concentration, valency of the ionic solution and pH), (iii) similar experiments as in (i) with DNA-grafted colloids, (iv) the nonlinear response of single DNA-grafted colloids in shear flow and (v) the drag force on single colloids pulled through a polymer solution. The experiments will be described in detail and their analysis discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gutsche
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
On microstructured hydrophobic surfaces, geometrical patterns may lead to the appearance of a superhydrophobic state, where gas bubbles at the surface can have a strong impact on the fluid flow along such surfaces. In particular, they can strongly influence a detected slip at the surface. We present two-phase lattice Boltzmann simulations of a flow over structured surfaces with attached gas bubbles and demonstrate how the detected slip depends on the pattern geometry, the bulk pressure, or the shear rate. Since a large slip leads to reduced friction, our results give assistance in the optimization of microchannel flows for large throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hyväluoma
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Janoschek F, Toschi F, Harting J. Simplified particulate model for coarse-grained hemodynamics simulations. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:056710. [PMID: 21230622 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.056710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human blood flow is a multiscale problem: in first approximation, blood is a dense suspension of plasma and deformable red cells. Physiological vessel diameters range from about one to thousands of cell radii. Current computational models either involve a homogeneous fluid and cannot track particulate effects or describe a relatively small number of cells with high resolution but are incapable to reach relevant time and length scales. Our approach is to simplify much further than existing particulate models. We combine well-established methods from other areas of physics in order to find the essential ingredients for a minimalist description that still recovers hemorheology. These ingredients are a lattice Boltzmann method describing rigid particle suspensions to account for hydrodynamic long-range interactions and-in order to describe the more complex short-range behavior of cells-anisotropic model potentials known from molecular-dynamics simulations. Paying detailedness, we achieve an efficient and scalable implementation which is crucial for our ultimate goal: establishing a link between the collective behavior of millions of cells and the macroscopic properties of blood in realistic flow situations. In this paper we present our model and demonstrate its applicability to conditions typical for the microvasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Janoschek
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schmidt M, Plochg T, Harting J, Klazinga N, Stronks K. Micro grants as a stimulus for community action in residential health programmes: a case study. Health Promot Int 2009; 24:234-42. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dap017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
35
|
Harting J, Giupponi G, Coveney PV. Structural transitions and arrest of domain growth in sheared binary immiscible fluids and microemulsions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 75:041504. [PMID: 17500899 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate spinodal decomposition and structuring effects in binary immiscible and ternary amphiphilic fluid mixtures under shear by means of three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations. We show that the growth of individual fluid domains can be arrested by adding surfactant to the system, thus forming a bicontinuous microemulsion. We demonstrate that the maximum domain size and the time of arrest depend linearly on the concentration of amphiphile molecules. In addition, we find that for a well-defined threshold value of amphiphile concentration, the maximum domain size and time of complete arrest do not change. For systems under constant and oscillatory shear we analyze domain growth rates in directions parallel and perpendicular to the applied shear. We find a structural transition from a sponge to a lamellar phase by applying a constant shear and the occurrence of tubular structures under oscillatory shear. The size of the resulting lamellae and tubes depends strongly on the amphiphile concentration, shear rate, and shear frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Harting
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Borrmann P, Harting J. Order-disorder transition in nanoscopic semiconductor quantum rings. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3120-3123. [PMID: 11290122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using the path integral Monte Carlo technique we show that semiconductor quantum rings with up to six electrons exhibit a temperature, ring diameter, and particle number dependent transition between spin ordered and disordered Wigner crystals. Because of the small number of particles the transition extends over a broad temperature range and is clearly identifiable from the electron pair correlation functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Borrmann
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
We present a classification scheme for phase transitions in finite systems like atomic and molecular clusters based on the Lee-Yang zeros in the complex temperature plane. In the limit of infinite particle numbers the scheme reduces to the Ehrenfest definition of phase transitions and gives the right critical indices. We apply this classification scheme to Bose-Einstein condensates in a harmonic trap as an example of a higher order phase transition in a finite system and to small Ar clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Borrmann
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Matzen L, van Amsterdam C, Rautenberg W, Greiner HE, Harting J, Seyfried CA, Böttcher H. 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activity: a new approach toward efficient antidepressants. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1149-57. [PMID: 10737747 DOI: 10.1021/jm9811054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our research program toward new, potential antidepressants, a series of unsymmetrical ureas has been prepared and evaluated as 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activities. The design of these compounds was based on coupling of various indole derivatives, previously shown to inhibit 5-HT reuptake, to three different aniline moieties, which are part of known 5-HT(1B/1D) ligands. Binding experiments in rat frontal cortex using [(125)I]iodocyanopindolol, in calf striatum using [(3)H]5-HT, and in rat hippocampus using [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT as radioligands, respectively, revealed significantly higher affinity at the 5-HT(1B) receptor as compared to the affinities for the 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1D) receptors for a number of compounds, among them 4-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amide (5), the corresponding 4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21a, and the corresponding 6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21b. Conformational restriction of the aniline moiety in 5 only slightly enhanced the 5-HT(1B) affinity, whereas introduction of an aniline moiety with higher conformational flexibility resulted in a less potent 5-HT(1B) receptor ligand as compared to 5. The functional 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activity was investigated using the rabbit saphenous vein model as well as the [(3)H]5-HT release from guinea pig cortical slices. All new compounds tested in the rabbit saphenous vein model were shown to antagonize the sumatriptan-evoked contractile responses with pA(2) values ranging from 7.3 to 8.7. These observations were consistent with the results of the cortical slice model, in which the ureas were found to block the sumatriptan-induced inhibition of potassium-evoked [(3)H]5-HT release. The 5-HT reuptake inhibition of the ureas determined in rat brain synaptosomes was found to be either increased or decreased as compared to the uncoupled indole derivatives indicating that the reuptake inhibition shown by the ureas is not only due to the indole part but also affected by the aniline moiety of the molecule. Among this series of compounds described the ureas 5, 21a, and 21b seem to be the most interesting candidates showing both 5-HT reuptake inhibition and 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonism in vitro. This dual pharmacological profile should in theory lead to a pronounced enhancement in serotonergic neurotransmission and consequently to a more efficient treatment of depression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antidepressive Agents/chemistry
- Antidepressive Agents/metabolism
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/ultrastructure
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Rabbits
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Saphenous Vein/drug effects
- Saphenous Vein/physiology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemistry
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/metabolism
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Matzen
- CNS Departments, Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64271 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mensonides-Harsema MM, Liao Y, Böttcher H, Bartoszyk GD, Greiner HE, Harting J, de Boer P, Wikström HV. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo functional studies of ortho-substituted phenylpiperazine and N-substituted 4-N-(o-methoxyphenyl)aminopiperidine analogues of WAY100635. J Med Chem 2000; 43:432-9. [PMID: 10669570 DOI: 10.1021/jm991088y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WAY100635 (2), N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohe xanecarboxamide, is a silent serotonin 5-HT(1A) antagonist, which is now widely used to study the 5-HT(1A) receptor both in vivo and in vitro. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and in vitro (5-HT(1A) affinity and pA(2) values at guinea pig ileum strips) and in vivo (hypothermia and ultrasonic vocalization) pharmacology at the serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor of several closely related analogues of 2. Test compounds 12 and 14, in which the arylpiperazine moiety of 2 has been replaced by an arylaminopiperidine moiety, showed no affinity or antagonistic activity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. Substitution of the o-methoxy group of 2 by larger fluoroalkoxy or sulfonyloxy substituents did not alter the in vitro or in vivo pharmacology to any great extent; in vivo both the fluoropropyl analogue 5 and the triflate analogue 7 are equipotent to WAY100635 itself. The O-desmethyl analogue 3 proved to be the most potent antagonist at the serotonin 5-HT(1A) postsynaptic receptor sites in this series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Mensonides-Harsema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liao Y, Böttcher H, Harting J, Greiner H, van Amsterdam C, Cremers T, Sundell S, März J, Rautenberg W, Wikström H. New selective and potent 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists: chemistry and pharmacological evaluation of N-piperazinylphenyl biphenylcarboxamides and biphenylsulfonamides. J Med Chem 2000; 43:517-25. [PMID: 10669578 DOI: 10.1021/jm990397l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new analogues of N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl] 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (1; GR127935) as potent and selective 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists were synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. Their receptor binding profiles were comparable to that of 1. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomer 2 and the 4'-aminocarbonyl and 4'-amidinyl analogues (9 and 10) of 1 had higher affinities at the rat 5-HT(1B) receptor (IC(50) = 0.93, 1. 3, and 0.5 nM, respectively) and calf 5-HT(1D) receptor (IC(50) = 37, 10, and 3 nM, respectively) than did 1 (1.6 and 52 nM for rat 5-HT(1B) and calf 5-HT(1D) receptors, respectively). In the functional in vitro testing of 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic properties, 2, 9, 10, 11b (O-demethylated derivative of 2), 13a (O-methylsulfonyl analogue of 2), and 16 (which differs from 2 with a sulfonamide linker) showed more pronounced effects in the K(+)-induced 5-HT release in the cortex of guinea pig than did 1 and 3 (SB224289). Compounds 2, 9, and 10 were equally potent as 1 in rabbit saphenous vein model (pA(2) > 9). A biochemical study of 2 with in vivo microdialysis in the rat brain showed that it is capable of augmenting citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI) induced 5-HT release in rat ventral hippocampus, while preventing the decrease in acetylcholine release elicited by citalopram administration. The molecular structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The log P and log D values of these compounds were calculated. This study contributes to the SAR study of N-piperazinylphenyl biphenylcarboxamides as selective and potent 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
- Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cattle
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Guinea Pigs
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Microdialysis
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Saphenous Vein/drug effects
- Saphenous Vein/physiology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis
- Sulfonamides/chemistry
- Sulfonamides/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
There is considerable evidence from epidemiological studies that the onset of psychiatric disorders may be related to changes in the secretion of gonadal hormones. For example, the postpartum period appears to be a vulnerable phase for the occurrence of psychiatric disturbances such as dysphoric mood and even severe psychotic disturbances. It has been suggested that a sudden drop in progesterone concentrations may contribute to the development of such disorders. Because the administration of this steroid might be of therapeutic value in psychiatric disturbances, we investigated the behavioral properties of progesterone in the rat to assess putative neuroleptic-like properties of this steroid. Progesterone administration dose-dependently increased the EEG activity during wakefulness in the 10- to 30-Hz frequency bands and decreased locomotor activity. While no anxiolytic activity could be detected in the plus maze, the highest dose of progesterone (90 mg/kg) exerted an inhibitory effect on the conditioned avoidance response. In contrast to haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg), progesterone neither produced catalepsy nor antagonized amphetamine-induced stereotypy. However, both progesterone (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) effectively restored the disruption of the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR) that was evoked by apomorphine (2 mg/kg). In contrast, allopregnanolone (10 mg/kg), one of the main metabolites of progesterone, did not significantly antagonize the effect of apomorphine on the PPI. This behavioral profile of progesterone is compatible with the sedative properties of its metabolite allopregnanolone via the GABAA receptor, but also with the possibility that progesterone itself shares some properties with atypical antipsychotics, which may be relevant for the development and treatment of psychotic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rupprecht
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Barber A, Bender HM, Gottschlich R, Greiner HE, Harting J, Mauler F, Seyfried CA. Effects of GR-89696 and the novel peripherally selective OP2 agonists, EMD-61569 and EMD-61747, against focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21:105-13. [PMID: 10327391 DOI: 10.1358/mf.1999.21.2.529237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether increases in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability occurring after stroke can be exploited to apply protective substances selectively to ischemic tissue. To do this, the actions of the peripherally selective OP2 agonists, EMD-61569 and EMD-61747, have been compared with those of the centrally acting OP2 agonist, GR-89696, in the rat permanent focal ischemia model. EMD-61569, EMD-61747 and GR-89696 all bound with high affinity to OP2 receptors and were potent agonists in the rabbit vas deferens functional assay. These substances also potently inhibited electrically-induced overflow of dopamine from slices of rat nucleus accumbens. EMD-61747 and EMD-61569 penetrate poorly into the CNS under normal conditions and reverse haloperidol-induced L-DOPA accumulation in the nucleus accumbens of the rat only at high doses, in contrast to GR-89696. Permanent unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) was associated with a disruption of the BBB and an increase in the concentration of EMD-61747 in the area of the infarct. GR-89696 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg s.c. produced a reduction in infarct volume by 38% after MCAO, EMD-61569 and EMD-61747 had no influence on swelling and ischemic damage. We conclude that EMD-61747 and EMD-61569 are potent OP2 agonists, which usually have a limited ability to penetrate the BBB. The change in the properties of the BBB in ischemic tissue was not sufficient to elicit neuroprotection, since both EMD-61747 and EMD-61569 were inactive in the focal ischemia model. Conversely, GR-89696 had a robust protective action, and probably powerful OP2-typical side effects as a consequence of its unrestricted central activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Barber
- Department of CNS Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bartoszyk GD, Harting J, Minck KO. Roxindole: psychopharmacological profile of a dopamine D2 autoreceptor agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276:41-8. [PMID: 8558454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative, selective dopamine (DA) dopamine-2 autoreceptor agonist roxindole, which also exhibits serotonin-1A-agonistic and 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake-inhibiting properties, was examined for its behavioral effects in rats and mice. Roxindole inhibited apomorphine-induced climbing in mice and stereotyped behavior in rats with ED50 values of 1.4 mg/kg s.c. and 0.65 mg/kg s.c., respectively, and inhibited conditioned avoidance response in rats (ED50 = 1.5 mg/kg s.c.). Thus roxindole showed a profile resembling those of the classical antipsychotic haloperidol and the atypical neuroleptic clozapine but differing from that of the DA autoreceptor agonist talipexole, which did not prevent apomorphine-induced behaviors. Unlike haloperidol, roxindole did not induce catalepsy in rats and mice. Investigations directed to the DA autoreceptor properties revealed that spontaneous motility of rats with normosensitive postsynaptic DA receptors was monophasically decreased by roxindole and talipexole, with a threshold dose of 0.0625 mg/kg s.c. for both compounds. In reserpinized rats with presumably hypersensitive postsynaptic DA receptors, roxindole only partially reversed reserpine-induced hypomotility (threshold dose: 0.25 mg/kg); talipexole re-established the activity level to that of normal rats. In contrast to apomorphine, roxindole did not induce and talipexole only marginally induced stereotyped behavior in normal rats. After administration of the DA dopamine-1 agonist SKF 38393, talipexole induced stereotyped behavior in rats, which indicated its activity at postsynaptic dopamine-2 receptors. In contrast, roxindole did not induce stereotyped behavior in rats when co-administered with SKF 38393. These results indicate that, compared with talipexole, roxindole possesses a greater selectivity for DA autoreceptors.
Collapse
|
44
|
Barber A, Bartoszyk GD, Bender HM, Gottschlich R, Greiner HE, Harting J, Mauler F, Minck KO, Murray RD, Simon M. A pharmacological profile of the novel, peripherally-selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, EMD 61753. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 113:1317-27. [PMID: 7889287 PMCID: PMC1510549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The pharmacological properties of the novel diarylacetamide kappa-opioid receptor agonist, EMD 61753, have been compared with those of ICI 197067 (a centrally-acting kappa agonist) and ICI 204448 (a peripherally-selective kappa agonist). 2. EMD 61753 binds with high affinity (IC50 5.6 nM) and selectivity (kappa:mu:delta:sigma binding ratio 1:536:125: > 1,786) to kappa-opioid receptors and is a full and potent (IC50 54.5 nM) agonist in an in vitro assay for kappa-opioid receptors (rabbit vas deferens preparation). 3. Systemically-applied [14C]-EMD 61753 is found in high concentrations in the lungs, liver, adrenal glands and kidneys. Considerably less radioactivity is detected in the whole brain, and this radioactivity is concentrated in the region of the cerebral ventricles in the choroid plexuses. EMD 61753 penetrates only poorly into the CNS. 4. EMD 61753 was weakly effective in pharmacological tests of central activity. This compound reversed haloperidolol-induced DOPA accumulation in the nucleus accumbens of the rat only at a dose of 30 mg kg-1, s.c., (doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg kg-1, s.c., and 1.0, 10 and 100 mg kg-1, p.o., were inactive). Hexobarbitone-induced sleeping in mice was prolonged by EMD 61753 at threshold doses of 10 mg kg-1, s.c., and 100 mg kg-1, p.o., whereas the motor performance of rats in the rotarod test was impaired by EMD 61753 with an ID50 value of 453 mg kg-1, s.c. 5. EMD 61753 produced dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible antinociception in the mouse formalin test (1st phase ID50 1.9 mg kg-1, s.c., and 10.4 mg kg-1, p.o.; 2nd phase ID50 0.26 mg kg-1, s.c., and 3.5 mg kg-1, p.o.) and rodent abdominal constriction test (ID50 mouse 1.75 mg kg-1, s.c., and 8.4 mg kg-1, p.o.; ID50 rat 3.2 mg kg-1, s.c., and 250 mg kg-1, p.o.). EMD 61753 was inactive, or only weakly effective, in the rat pressure test under normalgesic conditions. After the induction of hyperalgesia with carrageenin, however, this compound elicited potent, dose-dependent (ID50 0.08 mg kg-1, s.c., and 6.9 mg kg-1, p.o., after remedial application, and 0.2 mg kg-1, s.c., and 3.1 mg kg-1, p.o., after prophylactic application) and naloxone-reversible antinociception. The antinociceptive action of systemically-applied (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) EMD 61753 in the hyperalgesic pressure test was completely inhibited by injection of the K-opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine (100 Lg) into the inflamed tissue, a result which indicates that this opioid effect is mediated peripherally.6. Cutaneous plasma protein extravasation produced by antidromic electrical stimulation of the rat saphenous nerve was dose-dependently inhibited by systemically-applied EMD 61753 (ID13 values 3.7 mg kg-1, s.c., and 35.8 mg kg-1, p.o.), and this effect was completely antagonized by intraplantar application of norbinaltorphimine (50 microg). Extravasation elicited by the intraplantar application of substance P (10 microg) was not influenced by the administration of EMD 61753.7. EMD 61753 produced dose-dependent diuresis in non-hydrated rats at doses of and above 1.0 mg kg-1, s.c., and 10 mg kg-1, p.o., and in saline-loaded rats at doses of and above 10 mg kg-1, s.c.,and 30mgkg-1, p.o.8. The prostaglandin-mediated fall in mean arterial blood pressure elicited in anaesthetized rats by i.v.application of arachidonic acid was not inhibited by prior treatment with EMD 61753 (10mg kg-1,p.o.). Thus, a blockade of prostaglandin synthesis via inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase activity does not contribute to the in vivo effects of EMD 61753 and its metabolites.9 The present experiments therefore indicate that EMD 61753 is a potent, selective and orally-effective full ic-opioid receptor agonist which has a limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and elicit centrally-mediated sedation, putative aversion, diuresis, and antinociception. The inhibitory actions of systemically-applied EMD 61753 against hyperalgesic pressure nociception and neurogenic inflammation are mediated peripherally, probably by opioid receptors on the endings of sensory nerve fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Barber
- Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The synthesis of 11 cyclic hexapeptides, some of which contain a carbohydrate side chain moiety, is described in this paper. A glycosylamine was coupled without hydroxyl protecting groups either directly or via a butyric acid spacer to the side chain of glutamic acid, leading to beta-N-glycosylated peptides. All peptides described are selective NK-2 antagonists. The binding affinity to the NK-2-receptor ranges from 7 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-8) M, whereas at the NK-1 receptor the IC50 was > 10(-5) M with the exception of cyclo(-Lys(Boc)-Trp-Phe-Gly-Leu-D-Leu-) (I), which shows low affinity to the NK-1 receptor (IC50 = 9 x 10(-6) M). The antagonist activity is determined in the hamster trachea assay. pA2-Values range from 7.1 to 7.8. The results demonstrate the broad range of side chains which can be accommodated at the glutamine position without a major drop in activity. The different charges of the lysine and the glutamic acid peptides indicate that the interaction with the receptor at this position is not determined by ionic forces. Rather, we expect that conformational flexibility allows differently charged amino acid residues to be accommodated by the receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hölzemann
- Medical Chemistry Research Department, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barber A, Bartoszyk GD, Greiner HE, Mauler F, Murray RD, Seyfried CA, Simon M, Gottschlich R, Harting J, Lues I. Central and peripheral actions of the novel kappa-opioid receptor agonist, EMD 60400. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 111:843-51. [PMID: 8019761 PMCID: PMC1910066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The pharmacological characteristics of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist, EMD 60400, have been investigated, with particular reference to its central and peripheral sites of action and its ability to influence nociception. The kappa agonists ICI 197067 and ICI 204448 were tested for purposes of comparison. 2. EMD 60400 and ICI 197067 bind with high affinity (IC50 values of 2.8 and 1.5 nM, respectively) and high selectivity to kappa-opioid receptors. ICI 204448 has a lower binding affinity (IC50 13.0 nM) and selectivity for kappa-opioid receptors. 3. EMD 60400, ICI 197067, and ICI 204448 are full and potent agonists in the rabbit vas deferens in vitro assay for kappa-opioid receptors (IC50 values of 41.8, 15.7 and 15 nM, respectively). 4. Ex vivo binding experiments in mice revealed that EMD 60400 and ICI 197067 were well taken up after s.c. administration. Brain levels of EMD 60400 were lower than those of ICI 197067 at comparable doses, indicating that EMD 60400 does not penetrate into the CNS as well as ICI 197067. 5. Haloperidol-induced DOPA accumulation in the nucleus accumbens of the rat was dose-dependently reversed by s.c. application of EMD 60400 and ICI 197067 at doses of and above 3 and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively. ICI 204448 had no effect on DOPA accumulation at 30 mg kg-1, s.c. 6. Prolongation of hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice and motor impairment in the rat rotarod test were observed for EMD 60400 at doses above 3 and 2.5 mg kg-1, s.c., respectively, and for ICI 197067 at doses above 0.3 and 0.25 mg kg-1, s.c., respectively. ICI 204448 was inactive in these tests at doses of 30 and 100 mg kg-1, s.c., respectively.7. EMD 60400 applied s.c. produced dose-dependent naloxone-reversible antinociception in the mouse formalin test (1st and 2nd phase ID50 0.44 and 0.47 mg kg-1, respectively) and rodent writhing test (ID50 mouse 0.55 mg kg-1 and rat 0.3mg kg-1). Furthermore, EMD 60400 was considerably more potent in the rat pressure pain test after the induction of inflammation with carrageenin than under normalgesic conditions (ID50 values 0.1 Microg kg-1 and 4.0 mg kg-1, s.c., respectively). The action of EMD 60400 (50 microgkg-1, s.c.) in the hyperalgesic pressure pain test was completely antagonized by injection of the K-opioid antagonist, norbinaltorphimine (100 microg) into the inflamed tissue, thus demonstrating the peripheral opioid nature of this effect.8. EMD 60400 produced dose-dependent inhibition of neurogenic plasma extravasation elicited byantidromic electrical stimulation of the rat saphenous nerve (ID50 value 0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.). This inhibition was completely antagonized by intraplantar injection of norbinaltorphimine (50 microg).9. EMD 60400, ICI 197067, and ICI 204448 have diuretic effects in rats at doses of and above 0.1, 0.01,and 0.3 mg kg-1, s.c., respectively. An antidiuretic action was also observed with ICI 197067 at very low doses (3 and 6 microgkg-1, s.c.).10. Pharmacological and biochemical data therefore indicate that the three K-opioid receptor agonists tested here have different tendencies to elicit centrally-mediated sedation and putative aversion(ICI 197067 > EMD 60400 > ICI 204448) which correspond to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. EMD 60400 combines high affinity and selectivity for the K receptor with a degree of peripheral selectivity. The peripheral actions of systemically-applied EMD 60400 against hyperalgesic pressure pain and neurogenic inflammation are very probably mediated by opioid receptors on the endings of sensory nerve fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Barber
- Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Hölzemann
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wollborn U, Brunne RM, Harting J, Hölzemann G, Leibfritz D. Comparative conformational analysis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of three cyclic hexapeptide NK-2 antagonists. Int J Pept Protein Res 1993; 41:376-84. [PMID: 8388367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The conformational analysis of three cyclic hexapeptides is presented. Cyclo-(-Gln6-Trp7-Phe8-Gly9-Leu10-D-Met11-) (1) and cyclo-(-Gln6-Trp7-Phe8-Gly9-Leu10-Met11-) (2) are NK-2 antagonists in the hamster trachea assay, whereas cyclo-(-Gln6-Trp7-Phe8-(R)-Gly9-[ANC-2]Leu10-Met11+ ++-) (3), where Gly9[ANC-2]Leu10 represents (2S)-2-((3R)-3-amino-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-methylpentanoyl, is inactive as agonist and antagonist in this assay. In DMSO, the NMR results cannot be interpreted as being consistent with a single conformation. However, the combined interpretation of results from NMR spectroscopy, restrained molecular dynamics simulations with application of proton-proton distance information from ROESY spectra, and pharmacological results leads to a reduced number of conformational domains for each peptide, which can be compared with each other and may be classified as responsible for their biological activity. Trying to match the conformational domains approximately with regular beta- and gamma-turns, we find a gamma n-turn at the position of the methionine occurring in all peptides. For the active peptides 1 and 2 we arrive at an inverse gamma i-turn at Phe8, and beta I'- or beta II-turns with Gly9 and Leu10 at the corner positions, these beta-turns having a similar topology with respect to the linking peptide unit. Other conformational domains common to only 1 and 2 support their classification as responsible for the biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Wollborn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Bremen University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
By aldol condensation of 4-chromanones with paraformaldehyde, 3-alkylenechromanones 10 were obtained which gave 3-alkylchromenes following reduction and dehydration. Subsequent 3-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation produced the versatile epoxide intermediates 15, from which 3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2,2,3-trimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carbonitrile (15a) was resolved into its enantiomers by entrainment. In addition to the methyl group, the benzyl, alkyloxymethyl, and 2-nitroethyl residues could be introduced in the 3-position. Treatment of 15a with 2-pyridone simultaneously gave N- and O-substituted products 19a and 20. 19a easily gave 4-(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-1-pyridyl)chromene 21 by treatment with base. The corresponding pyrrolidinone compounds 26 and 27 were obtained by a slightly modified procedure. Reaction with 2,4-dihydroxypyridine or 3,6-pyridazinediol resulted in the exclusive formation of 4-(heterocyclyloxy)chromanols (31 and 32). Treatment of 15a with 3-amino-6-pyridazinol gave 4-(3-amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-pyridazinyl)chromanol derivative 34 lacking an NH bridge. This could be established after methylation of the ring-nitrogen atom (----35). Trans-configurated 3-methyl-4-pyridone compound 36 was obtained by addition of methyllithium to chromene 3. Hyperpolarizing and antispasmodic or relaxing effects of the compounds were determined in organ bath studies using pig coronary arteries precontracted with acetylcholine or rabbit main pulmonary arteries precontracted with noradrenaline. In the 3-methyl series the classical pyridone and pyrrolidinone structures (9, 21, 26, 27) were only weakly active or inactive, but the corresponding 4-(heterocyclyloxy) and 4-(heterocyclylamino) derivatives (31, 32, 35) were even more potent than the demethyl analogues. In conformation/activity investigations it was found that the activity of the 4-substituted benzopyran derivatives seems to be dependent on the relative orientation of their ring systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gericke
- Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
EMD 53 998, a novel thiadiazinone derivative, increases the contractile force of cardiac tissue in vitro through both an inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) and a sensitization of cardiac contractile proteins to Ca2+. Guinea pig ventricular PDE III is selectively inhibited by EMD 53 998 (IC50 = 60 nM) without major effects on other PDE isoenzymes. Consonant with this is an increase in cAMP content of rat ventricular cells and a potentiation by EMD 53 998 of the cAMP-elevating action of isoprenaline (increase by 50% at 1.3 microM). Sensitization to Ca2+ by EMD 53 998 (3-30 microM) finds its expression in a leftward shift of the Ca2+ response curve for force generation in skinned fibers from porcine ventricular muscle and failing human heart as well as for activation of bovine cardiac myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase. Interestingly, EMD 53 998 elevates the maximum of the Ca(2+)-response curve for both parameters. Pimobendan studied under identical conditions was 100 times less potent than EMD 53 998. EMD 53 998 increases force development of guinea pig papillary muscle in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 3.6 microM, thus being 10 times more potent than pimobendan. In contrast to pimobendan, the positive inotropic effect of EMD 53 998 is barely affected by carbachol. Further evidence for a Ca(2+)-sensitizing effect of EMD 53 998 is provided by an additional increase in force generation in the presence of supramaximal isoprenaline concentrations. It is concluded that the positive inotropic action of EMD 53 998 is mediated through both cAMP-independent and cAMP-dependent mechanisms, with the former probably prevailing. We are not aware of other compounds with a similarly high Ca(2+)-sensitizing potency. On these grounds. EMD 53 998 appears to be a promising inotropic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Beier
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, E. Merck, Darmstadt, F.R.G
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|