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Schwalbe E, Lindsey J, Hill R, Crosier S, Ryan S, Williamson D, Kool M, Milde T, Pfister S, Bailey S, Clifford S. MEDB-36. Clinical and molecular heterogeneity within MYC and MYCN amplified medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9165081 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC and MYCN are the most commonly amplified oncogenes in medulloblastoma. Their overall association with a poor prognosis has supported their adoption as high-risk disease biomarkers in trials. However, emerging evidence suggests that certain patients with MYN/MYCN focally-amplified tumours can achieve long-term survival and therefore may suffer unnecessary late-effects associated with intensified therapies. To investigate this heterogeneity, we characterised the molecular and clinico-pathological features of curated cohorts of MYC (n=64) and MYCN (n=95) amplified tumours, drawn from >1000 diagnostic cases, and assessed their associations with disease outcome. Within the MYCN-amplified cohort, survival was related to molecular group; patients with MYCNGrp3 or MYCNGrp4 tumours with no other clinico-pathological risk factors (subtotal resection (STR), metastatic disease, LCA pathology) were intermediate-risk (n=25;70% 5-year PFS). In contrast, a very-high-risk group was defined by positivity for MYCNSHH, STR and/or LCA (n=64;32% 5-year PFS). 22/35 assessable MYCNSHH harboured TP53 mutations; 9/12 with data were germline. MYCGrp3 represented the majority (46/58; 79%) of molecularly-grouped MYC-amplified tumours. Importantly, while radiotherapy receipt conferred a modest survival advantage, for MYC-amplified tumours with additional clinico-molecular risk factors (LCA, metastasis, STR, Grp3), survival was dismal, irrespective of radiotherapy receipt. A very-high-risk group of MYC-amplified tumours was identified (n=51;10% 5-year PFS), defined by positivity for ≥1 additional risk factors (STR, LCA and/or metastasis). Alternatively, membership of subgroups II/V defined a smaller, very-high-risk patient group (n=28;7% 5-year PFS). Long-term survival was seen in the majority of remaining MYC-amplified tumours negative for these specified features (61% 5-year PFS; high-risk). MYC and MYCN-amplified medulloblastomas are biologically heterogeneous with diverse clinical outcomes. Molecular subgroup assignment and established clinical features are critical for their improved stratification. Patient subgroups identified may be eligible for therapy de-escalation; in contrast, the very-high-risk patient groups are incurable using current therapies and urgently require novel experimental treatment strategies upfront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Schwalbe
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarra Ryan
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children′s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children′s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Hopp Children′s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Simon Bailey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Llargués-Sistac G, Lindsey J, Swartz S, Selby M, Morcavallo A, Bailey S, Chesler L, Lord CJ, Williamson D, Clifford SC. MBRS-57. IDENTIFICATION OF MYC-DEPENDENT THERAPEUTIC VULNERABILITIES FOR TARGETING GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715234 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 medulloblastoma (MBGroup3) is a highly aggressive tumour characterised by MYC amplification and elevated expression (17% of MBGroup3). MYC amplification in MBGroup3 confers a dismal prognosis using standard therapies, and there is an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The identification and targeting of MYC’s biological dependencies thus represents a promising strategy to treat MYC-MBGroup3 tumours. Three independent isogenic MYC-regulable MBGroup3 human cell-based models, in which elevated MYC expression can be directly down-regulated by doxycycline-inducible shRNAs, were developed and used initially to establish MYC-dependent growth of each model. Our novel models were then used to investigate MYC-dependent drug sensitivity, by characterising responses to a panel of candidate cancer therapeutics and small molecule inhibitors, including a high-throughput compound screen of >500 established/clinically-relevant small molecule inhibitors. This approach identified several specific, consistently observed, druggable MYC-dependencies (e.g. cell cycle regulators, DNA-damage response controllers, mitotic control machinery) with potential for the development of treatments against MYC-MBGroup3 tumours. PLK1, CHK1 and AURK were identified as prime candidate targets with consistent MYC-dependent response profiles. Subsequent validation of each candidate, by genetic and pharmacological target inhibition, confirmed their MYC-dependent effects, associated with downregulation of MYC and established target-dependent pharmacodynamic biomarkers/pathways. Results were consistent across all of our MBGroup3 models. In summary, our novel models reveal druggable MYC-associated dependencies as a feature of MBGroup3. Our findings support the development of PLK1, CHK1 and AURK inhibition as therapeutic approaches against MYC-dependent MBGroup3. Future work is now essential to validate our findings in vivo, to support the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Llargués-Sistac
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shanel Swartz
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Selby
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Paediatric and Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bailey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric and Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Hill R, Richardson S, Schwalbe E, Hicks D, Lindsey J, Crosier S, Rafiee G, Grabovska Y, Wharton S, Jacques T, Michalski A, Joshi A, Pizer B, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford S. MBRS-44. TIME, PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA RELAPSE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOUR BIOLOGY AT DIAGNOSIS AND UPFRONT THERAPY: A COHORT STUDY. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715618 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse occurs in ~30% of children with medulloblastoma, and is fatal in the majority. We sought to establish whether clinico-molecular characteristics at diagnosis are associated with the nature of relapse, subsequent disease-course, and whether these associations could inform clinical management. We surveyed the clinical features of medulloblastoma relapse (time-to-relapse, pattern-of-relapse, time-to-death and overall outcome) in 247 centrally-reviewed patients who relapsed following standard-upfront-therapies. We related these to clinico-molecular features at diagnosis, prognostic factors, and first-line/relapse treatment. Patients who received upfront craniospinal irradiation (CSI-treated) displayed prolonged time-to-relapse compared to CSI naïve patients (p<0.001). Similarly, in CSI naïve patients, CSI at relapse, alongside re-resection and desmoplastic/nodular histology, were associated with long-term survival. In CSI-treated patients, the nature of relapse was subgroup-dependent. Local-nodular relapse patterns were enriched in relapsed-MBSHH patients (p<0.001), but a notable proportion (65%) also acquired distant-diffuse disease (p=0.010). MBGroup3 relapsed quickly (median 1.3 years), MBGroup4 slowly (median 2.1 years). Distant-disease was prevalent in MBGroup3 and MBGroup4 relapses (90%) but, in contrast to relapsed-MBSHH, nodular and diffuse patterns of distant-disease were observed. Furthermore, nodular disease was associated with a prolonged time-to-death post-relapse (p=0.006). Investigation of second-generation MBGroup3/4 subtypes refined our understanding of heterogeneous relapse characteristics. Subtype VIII had prolonged time-to-relapse; subtype II a rapid time-to-death. Subtypes II/III/VIII developed a significantly higher incidence of distant-disease at relapse, whereas subtypes V/VII did not. The nature of medulloblastoma relapse are biology and therapy-dependent, providing immediate translational opportunities for improved disease management through biology-directed surveillance, post-relapse prognostication and risk-stratified selection of second-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hill
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Schwalbe
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Hicks
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yura Grabovska
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Wharton
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Jacques
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abhijit Joshi
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Pizer
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bailey
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Clifford
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Morcavallo A, Mandeville H, Barker K, Richardson S, Lindsey J, Lockett N, Boult JKR, Robinson SP, Oelfke U, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Chesler L. MBRS-33. TEMPORARY RESTORATION OF p53 ACTIVITY DURING FRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY IN A GROUP3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA GEMM REPRESENTS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR RADIOBIOLOGY STUDIES. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715786 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 pathway alterations are well-described events in medulloblastoma (MB) and are predictive of poor clinical outcome. Alterations are rare at diagnosis in Group3 (Gr3) and Group4, but enriched in Sonic Hedgehog and WNT subgroups. However, TP53 mutations are observed in all subgroups at relapse. Radiation therapy, along with surgery and chemotherapy, represents the standard of care treatment for MB. Loss of p53 function correlates with increased resistance to radiation in several cancers conferring poor survival for patients. In this study, we exposed the MYCN-driven/Trp53kiki (with tamoxifen-inducible p53 activation) Gr3 MB GEMM to a clinically relevant fractionated radiation therapy (RT) regime, to assess the role of p53 in Gr3 radio-resistance and relapse. Mice exhibiting tumour progression (bioluminescence (BLI) signal >109 photons/second) were randomized to treatment groups. A small animal radiation research platform was used to deliver CT-guided cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI) and a cranial boost (CB). Mice were followed for survival and tumour burden tracked using BLI. Bodyweight was monitored to evaluate treatment tolerability. Full dose radiation therapy (54Gy CB, 36Gy CSI, α/β=10) or dose modulation (12Gy CB, 8Gy CSI) was performed. The results showed comparable primary tumour regression in response to RT in p53 inactive and active backgrounds, followed by imminent relapse or prolonged remission respectively. No significant acute toxicity was observed. Temporary activation of p53 during RT improved tumour-free survival and decreased the incidence of relapse. In conclusion, we developed a new model which will help improve understanding of the radiobiology of high-risk MB and future preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaide Morcavallo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Mandeville
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Barker
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Lockett
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Wheeler E, Abelson A, Lindsey J, Wetmore L. Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoffman C, White E, Wilson J, Lindsey J, Miller M, Downing T, Dickey K, Durrani R, Bones B. 03:54 PM Abstract No. 409 Impact of a pleural tract sealant system on pneumothorax rates after lung biopsy at an academic institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kohe SE, Babourina-Brooks B, Scerif F, Hicks D, Schwalbe EC, Crosier S, Lindsey J, Adiamah M, Storer LCD, Lourdusamy A, Gill SK, Bennett CD, Wilson M, Avula S, Mitra D, Dineen R, Bailey S, Williamson D, Grundy RG, Clifford SC, Peet AC. MBRS-29. IN-VIVO METABOLITE PROFILES FOR THE NON-INVASIVE AND RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR SUBGROUP IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ben Babourina-Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fatma Scerif
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Debbie Hicks
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ed C Schwalbe
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Magretta Adiamah
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lisa C D Storer
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simrandip K Gill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dipayan Mitra
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rob Dineen
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Bailey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Richardson S, Hill R, Selby M, Lindsey J, Rafiee G, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford S. MBRS-37. IN VITRO MODELLING OF TUMOUR EVOLUTION AND RADIOTHERAPY RESISTANCE IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hill
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Selby
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Simon Bailey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Steve Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Parasar P, Sacha CR, Ng N, McGuirk ER, Chinthala S, Ozcan P, Lindsey J, Salas S, Laufer MR, Missmer SA, Anchan RM. Differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells express markers of human endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28716123 PMCID: PMC5514487 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling early endometrial differentiation is a crucial step towards understanding the divergent pathways between normal and ectopic endometrial development as seen in endometriosis. METHODS To investigate these pathways, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) were differentiated in standard EB medium (EBM). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of human endometrial cell markers on differentiating cells, which were sorted into distinct populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS A subpopulation (50%) of early differentiating mESCs expressed both glandular (CD9) and stromal (CD13) markers of human endometrium, suggestive of a novel endometrial precursor cell population. We further isolated a small population of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, CD45-/CD146+/PDGFR-β+, from differentiating EBs, representing 0.7% of total cells. Finally, quantitative PCR demonstrated significantly amplified expression of transcription factors Hoxa10 and Foxa2 in CD13+ EBs isolated by FACS (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mESCs have the capacity to express human endometrial cell markers and demonstrate potential differentiation pathways of endometrial precursor and mesenchymal stem cells, providing an in vitro system to model early endometrial tissue development. This model represents a key step in elucidating the mechanisms of ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Such a system could enable the development of strategies to prevent endometriosis and identify approaches for non-invasive monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Parasar
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - C. R. Sacha
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - N. Ng
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - E. R. McGuirk
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Chinthala
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Ozcan
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - J. Lindsey
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Salas
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - M. R. Laufer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. A. Missmer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - R. M. Anchan
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Hill R, Richardson S, Lindsey J, Crosier S, Schwalbe E, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Smithh A, Joshi A, Robson K, Wharton S, Jacques T, Bailey S, Clifford S. MEDU-16. TIME, PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA RELAPSE IS BIOLOGY AND THERAPY-DEPENDENT. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox083.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Schwalbe E, Lindsey J, Nakjang S, Crosier S, Smith A, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Hill R, Iliasova A, Stone T, Pizer B, Michalski A, Joshi A, Robson K, Wharton S, Jacques T, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford S. MEDU-06. NOVEL MOLECULAR SUBGROUPS IMPROVE CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION AND OUTCOME PREDICTION FOR CHILDHOOD MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox083.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Lindsey
- Mobay Chemical Corporation Penn Lincoln Parkway West Pittsburgh, PA 15205
| | - W. Schoberth
- Mobay Chemical Corporation Penn Lincoln Parkway West Pittsburgh, PA 15205
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Hicks D, Rafiee G, Schwalbe E, Howell C, Lindsey J, Hill R, Smith A, Crosier S, Joshi A, Robson K, Wharton S, Jacques T, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford AS. MB-63SUBGROUP-DIRECTED STRATIFICATION OF RISK IN INFANT MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now076.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Lindsey J, Hill R, Schwalbe E, Shrimpton E, Howell C, Rafiee G, Crosier S, Smith A, Ryan S, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford S. MB-14MOLECULAR AND PROGNOSTIC HETEROGENEITY WITHIN MYCAND MYCNAMPLIFIED MEDULLOBLASTOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now076.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hill RM, Kuijper S, Lindsey J, Schwalbe EC, Barker K, Boult J, Williamson D, Ahmad Z, Hallsworth A, Ryan S, Poon E, Robinson S, Ruddle R, Raynaud F, Howell L, Kwok C, Joshi A, Nicholson S, Crosier S, Wharton S, Jacques T, Robson K, Michalski A, Hargrave D, Pizer B, Bailey S, Swartling FJ, Petrie K, Weiss WA, Chesler L, Clifford S. Abstract LB-201: MYC and TP53 defects interact at medulloblastoma relapse to define rapidly progressive disease and can be targeted therapeutically. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Disease recurrence following multi-modal therapy is the single most adverse event in medulloblastoma (MB). Currently >90% of relapsing patients die, accounting for ∼10% of childhood cancer deaths. MB is heterogeneous at diagnosis, comprising four molecular subgroups with distinct clinicopathological and molecular features and outcomes. The relevance of these features at relapse is unknown, making characterisation, modelling and targeted therapy of relapse biology essential to improve outcomes. However, relapsed MBs are not routinely biopsied in clinical practice.
We undertook a first comprehensive investigation of the molecular, clinical and pathological features of 29 relapsed MBs and paired tumour samples taken at diagnosis, including the assessment of features with established significance at diagnosis (e.g. chromosome 17 and TP53 pathway status, MYC family (MYC, MYCN) gene amplification, polyploidy, CTNNB1 mutation and molecular subgroup status). Molecular subgroup was concordant at diagnosis and relapse, however evidence of alteration of all other features examined was found in relapsed tumours, with the majority of changes (30/44) representing acquired high-risk events. Most notably, MYC family gene amplifications and TP53 pathway defects commonly emerged in combination at relapse following conventional multimodal treatment (P=0.02, 7/22, 32%) and predicted rapid progression to death (P=0.016).
These observations suggested aberrant activation of MYC family genes synergizes with TP53 inactivation in the genesis of biologically aggressive MB. To investigate any such relationship, we examined Trp53 status in our transgenic mouse model of spontaneously-arising MYCN-driven MB (GTML; Glt1-tTA/TRE-MYCN-Luc). Somatic Trp53 mutations were found in 83% of tumors (n=10/12). Direct modelling of this interaction in GTML/Trp53KI/KI mice dramatically enhanced MB formation with 100% penetrance (43/43, median survival 47 days) in GTML/Trp53KI/KI versus 6% (3/50) in GTML; P<0.0001), faithfully mimicked clinicopathological characteristics of TP53-MYC family gene-associated relapsed human tumors, and validated the essential role of TP53 in potentiating the growth of MYCN-driven MB. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of Aurora-A kinase using MLN8237 in these tumours, and in derived neurospheres in vitro, promoted degradation of MYCN, reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival.
In summary, while subgroup status remains stable, MBs display altered molecular, pathological and clinical features at relapse, and the emergence of combined TP53-MYC family gene defects is common following conventional therapy. Their association with rapid demise, coupled with their biological validation as driving and therapeutically exploitable events in a novel mouse MB model, strongly support further investigation and routine biopsy of relapse disease to drive future individualised therapeutic strategies.
Citation Format: Rebecca M. Hill, Sanne Kuijper, Janet Lindsey, Ed C. Schwalbe, Karen Barker, Jessica Boult, Daniel Williamson, Zai Ahmad, Albert Hallsworth, Sarra Ryan, Evon Poon, Simon Robinson, Ruth Ruddle, Florence Raynaud, Louise Howell, Colin Kwok, Abhijit Joshi, Sarah Nicholson, Stephen Crosier, Stephen Wharton, Tom Jacques, Keith Robson, Antony Michalski, Darren Hargrave, Barry Pizer, Simon Bailey, Fredrik J. Swartling, Kevin Petrie, William A. Weiss, Louis Chesler, Steve Clifford. MYC and TP53 defects interact at medulloblastoma relapse to define rapidly progressive disease and can be targeted therapeutically. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-201
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Hill
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sanne Kuijper
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C. Schwalbe
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Barker
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Boult
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zai Ahmad
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarra Ryan
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Evon Poon
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Robinson
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Ruddle
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Louise Howell
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Kwok
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Abhijit Joshi
- 3Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nicholson
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Crosier
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Wharton
- 4Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Jacques
- 5UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Robson
- 6Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Michalski
- 7Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Hargrave
- 7Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Pizer
- 8Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bailey
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin Petrie
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Weiss
- 10Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Louis Chesler
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Clifford
- 1Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Anchan R, Guven S, Lindsey J, Nickerson M, Chinthala S, Gerami-Naini B, Demirci U. Maintenance of functional embryoid bodies in cryopreservable, microfluidic chips: a platform for personalized medicine. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vaidyanathan G, Gururangan S, Bigner D, Zalutsky M, Morfouace M, Shelat A, Megan J, Freeman BB, Robinson S, Throm S, Olson JM, Li XN, Guy KR, Robinson G, Stewart C, Gajjar A, Roussel M, Sirachainan N, Pakakasama S, Anurathapan U, Hansasuta A, Dhanachai M, Khongkhatithum C, Hongeng S, Feroze A, Lee KS, Gholamin S, Wu Z, Lu B, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Northcott P, Lee C, Zichner T, Lichter P, Korbel J, Wechsler-Reya R, Pfister S, Project IPT, Li KKW, Xia T, Ma FMT, Zhang R, Zhou L, Lau KM, Ng HK, Lafay-Cousin L, Chi S, Madden J, Smith A, Wells E, Owens E, Strother D, Foreman N, Packer R, Bouffet E, Wataya T, Peacock J, Taylor MD, Ivanov D, Garnett M, Parker T, Alexander C, Meijer L, Grundy R, Gellert P, Ashford M, Walker D, Brent J, Cader FZ, Ford D, Kay A, Walsh R, Solanki G, Peet A, English M, Shalaby T, Fiaschetti G, Baulande S, Gerber N, Baumgartner M, Grotzer M, Hayase T, Kawahara Y, Yagi M, Minami T, Kanai N, Yamaguchi T, Gomi A, Morimoto A, Hill R, Kuijper S, Lindsey J, Schwalbe E, Barker K, Boult J, Williamson D, Ahmad Z, Hallsworth A, Ryan S, Poon E, Robinson S, Ruddle R, Raynaud F, Howell L, Kwok C, Joshi A, Nicholson SL, Crosier S, Wharton S, Robson K, Michalski A, Hargrave D, Jacques T, Pizer B, Bailey S, Swartling F, Petrie K, Weiss W, Chesler L, Clifford S, Kitanovski L, Prelog T, Kotnik BF, Debeljak M, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Baumgartner M, Grotzer MA, Gevorgian A, Morozova E, Kazantsev I, Iukhta T, Safonova S, Kumirova E, Punanov Y, Afanasyev B, Zheludkova O, Grajkowska W, Pronicki M, Cukrowska B, Dembowska-Baginska B, Lastowska M, Murase A, Nobusawa S, Gemma Y, Yamazaki F, Masuzawa A, Uno T, Osumi T, Shioda Y, Kiyotani C, Mori T, Matsumoto K, Ogiwara H, Morota N, Hirato J, Nakazawa A, Terashima K, Fay-McClymont T, Walsh K, Mabbott D, Smith A, Wells E, Madden J, Chi S, Owens E, Strother D, Packer R, Foreman N, Bouffet E, Lafay-Cousin L, Sturm D, Northcott PA, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Kool M, Hooper C, Hawes S, Kees U, Gottardo N, Dallas P, Siegfried A, Bertozzi AI, Sevely A, Loukh N, Munzer C, Miquel C, Bourdeaut F, Pietsch T, Dufour C, Delisle MB, Kawauchi D, Rehg J, Finkelstein D, Zindy F, Phoenix T, Gilbertson R, Pfister S, Roussel M, Trubicka J, Borucka-Mankiewicz M, Ciara E, Chrzanowska K, Perek-Polnik M, Abramczuk-Piekutowska D, Grajkowska W, Jurkiewicz D, Luczak S, Kowalski P, Krajewska-Walasek M, Lastowska M, Sheila C, Lee S, Foster C, Manoranjan B, Pambit M, Berns R, Fotovati A, Venugopal C, O'Halloran K, Narendran A, Hawkins C, Ramaswamy V, Bouffet E, Taylor M, Singhal A, Hukin J, Rassekh R, Yip S, Northcott P, Singh S, Duhman C, Dunn S, Chen T, Rush S, Fuji H, Ishida Y, Onoe T, Kanda T, Kase Y, Yamashita H, Murayama S, Nakasu Y, Kurimoto T, Kondo A, Sakaguchi S, Fujimura J, Saito M, Arakawa T, Arai H, Shimizu T, Lastowska M, Jurkiewicz E, Daszkiewicz P, Drogosiewicz M, Trubicka J, Grajkowska W, Pronicki M, Kool M, Sturm D, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Buchhalter I, Jager NN, Stuetz A, Johann P, Schmidt C, Ryzhova M, Landgraf P, Hasselblatt M, Schuller U, Yaspo ML, von Deimling A, Korbel J, Eils R, Lichter P, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Modi A, Patel M, Berk M, Wang LX, Plautz G, Camara-Costa H, Resch A, Lalande C, Kieffer V, Poggi G, Kennedy C, Bull K, Calaminus G, Grill J, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Massimino M, Kortmann RD, Lannering B, Dellatolas G, Chevignard M, Lindsey J, Kawauchi D, Schwalbe E, Solecki D, McKinnon P, Olson J, Hayden J, Grundy R, Ellison D, Williamson D, Bailey S, Roussel M, Clifford S, Buss M, Remke M, Lee J, Caspary T, Taylor M, Castellino R, Lannering B, Sabel M, Gustafsson G, Fleischhack G, Benesch M, Doz F, Kortmann RD, Massimino M, Navajas A, Reddingius R, Rutkowski S, Miquel C, Delisle MB, Dufour C, Lafon D, Sevenet N, Pierron G, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F, Ecker J, Oehme I, Mazitschek R, Korshunov A, Kool M, Lodrini M, Deubzer HE, von Deimling A, Kulozik AE, Pfister SM, Witt O, Milde T, Phoenix T, Patmore D, Boulos N, Wright K, Boop S, Gilbertson R, Janicki T, Burzynski S, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Triscott J, Green M, Foster C, Fotovati A, Berns R, O'Halloran K, Singhal A, Hukin J, Rassekh SR, Yip S, Toyota B, Dunham C, Dunn SE, Liu KW, Pei Y, Wechsler-Reya R, Genovesi L, Ji P, Davis M, Ng CG, Remke M, Taylor M, Cho YJ, Jenkins N, Copeland N, Wainwright B, Tang Y, Schubert S, Nguyen B, Masoud S, Gholamin S, Lee A, Willardson M, Bandopadhayay P, Bergthold G, Atwood S, Whitson R, Cheshier S, Qi J, Beroukhim R, Tang J, Wechsler-Reya R, Oro A, Link B, Bradner J, Cho YJ, Vallero SG, Bertin D, Basso ME, Milanaccio C, Peretta P, Cama A, Mussano A, Barra S, Morana G, Morra I, Nozza P, Fagioli F, Garre ML, Darabi A, Sanden E, Visse E, Stahl N, Siesjo P, Cho YJ, Vaka D, Schubert S, Vasquez F, Weir B, Cowley G, Keller C, Hahn W, Gibbs IC, Partap S, Yeom K, Martinez M, Vogel H, Donaldson SS, Fisher P, Perreault S, Cho YJ, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Dufour C, Pujet S, Kieffer-Renaux V, Raquin MA, Varlet P, Longaud A, Sainte-Rose C, Valteau-Couanet D, Grill J, Staal J, Lau LS, Zhang H, Ingram WJ, Cho YJ, Hathout Y, Brown K, Rood BR, Sanden E, Visse E, Stahl N, Siesjo P, Darabi A, Handler M, Hankinson T, Madden J, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Foreman N, Hutter S, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pfister S, Kawauchi D, Jones DT, Kagawa N, Hirayama R, Kijima N, Chiba Y, Kinoshita M, Takano K, Eino D, Fukuya S, Yamamoto F, Nakanishi K, Hashimoto N, Hashii Y, Hara J, Taylor MD, Yoshimine T, Wang J, Guo C, Yang Q, Chen Z, Perek-Polnik M, Lastowska M, Drogosiewicz M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Grajkowska W, Filipek I, Swieszkowska E, Tarasinska M, Perek D, Kebudi R, Koc B, Gorgun O, Agaoglu FY, Wolff J, Darendeliler E, Schmidt C, Kerl K, Gronych J, Kawauchi D, Lichter P, Schuller U, Pfister S, Kool M, McGlade J, Endersby R, Hii H, Johns T, Gottardo N, Sastry J, Murphy D, Ronghe M, Cunningham C, Cowie F, Jones R, Sastry J, Calisto A, Sangra M, Mathieson C, Brown J, Phuakpet K, Larouche V, Hawkins C, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Ishida T, Hasegawa D, Miyata K, Ochi S, Saito A, Kozaki A, Yanai T, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto K, Kawamura A, Nagashima T, Akasaka Y, Soejima T, Yoshida M, Kosaka Y, Rutkowski S, von Bueren A, Goschzik T, Kortmann R, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Muehlen AZ, Gerber N, Warmuth-Metz M, Soerensen N, Deinlein F, Benesch M, Zwiener I, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Pietsch T, KRAMER K, -Taskar NP, Zanzonico P, Humm JL, Wolden SL, Cheung NKV, Venkataraman S, Alimova I, Harris P, Birks D, Balakrishnan I, Griesinger A, Remke M, Taylor MD, Handler M, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R, Margol A, Robison N, Gnanachandran J, Hung L, Kennedy R, Vali M, Dhall G, Finlay J, Erdrich-Epstein A, Krieger M, Drissi R, Fouladi M, Gilles F, Judkins A, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Peyrl A, Chocholous M, Holm S, Grillner P, Blomgren K, Azizi A, Czech T, Gustafsson B, Dieckmann K, Leiss U, Slavc I, Babelyan S, Dolgopolov I, Pimenov R, Mentkevich G, Gorelishev S, Laskov M, Friedrich C, Warmuth-Metz M, von Bueren AO, Nowak J, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Mynarek M, von Hoff K, Muller K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Ottensmeier H, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Yankelevich M, Laskov M, Boyarshinov V, Glekov I, Pimenov R, Ozerov S, Gorelyshev S, Popa A, Dolgopolov I, Subbotina N, Mentkevich G, Martin AM, Nirschl C, Polanczyk M, Bell R, Martinez D, Sullivan LM, Santi M, Burger PC, Taube JM, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Lim M, Li L, Wang WG, Pu JX, Sun HD, Remke M, Taylor MD, Ruggieri R, Symons MH, Vanan MI, Bandopadhayay P, Bergthold G, Nguyen B, Schubert S, Gholamin S, Tang Y, Bolin S, Schumacher S, Zeid R, Masoud S, Yu F, Vue N, Gibson W, Paolella B, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Qi J, Liu KW, Wechsler-Reya R, Weiss W, Swartling FJ, Kieran MW, Bradner JE, Beroukhim R, Cho YJ, Maher O, Khatua S, Tarek N, Zaky W, Gupta T, Mohanty S, Kannan S, Jalali R, Kapitza E, Denkhaus D, Muhlen AZ, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, von Hoff K, Pizer B, Dufour C, van Vuurden DG, Garami M, Massimino M, Fangusaro J, Davidson TB, da Costa MJG, Sterba J, Benesch M, Gerber NU, Mynarek M, Kwiecien R, Clifford SC, Kool M, Pietsch T, Finlay JL, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, Schmidt R, Remke M, Korshunov A, Hovestadt V, Jones DT, Felsberg J, Goschzik T, Kool M, Northcott PA, von Hoff K, von Bueren A, Skladny H, Taylor M, Cremer F, Lichter P, Faldum A, Reifenberger G, Rutkowski S, Pfister S, Kunder R, Jalali R, Sridhar E, Moiyadi AA, Goel A, Goel N, Shirsat N, Othman R, Storer L, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Kerr I, Coyle B, Law N, Smith ML, Greenberg M, Bouffet E, Taylor MD, Laughlin S, Malkin D, Liu F, Moxon-Emre I, Scantlebury N, Mabbott D, Nasir A, Othman R, Storer L, Onion D, Lourdusamy A, Grabowska A, Coyle B, Cai Y, Othman R, Bradshaw T, Coyle B, de Medeiros RSS, Beaugrand A, Soares S, Epelman S, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Sultan M, Landgraf P, Reifenberger G, Eils R, Yaspo ML, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Alderete D, Baroni L, Lubinieki F, Auad F, Gonzalez ML, Puya W, Pacheco P, Aurtenetxe O, Gaffar A, Gros L, Cruz O, Calvo C, Navajas A, Shinojima N, Nakamura H, Kuratsu JI, Hanaford A, Eberhart C, Archer T, Tamayo P, Pomeroy S, Raabe E, De Braganca K, Gilheeney S, Khakoo Y, Kramer K, Wolden S, Dunkel I, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Fangusaro J, Goldman S, Gopalakrishnan V, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Shih D, Wang X, Northcott P, Faria C, Raybaud C, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Rutka J, Taylor M, Bouffet E, Jacobs S, De Vathaire F, Diallo I, Llanas D, Verez C, Diop F, Kahlouche A, Grill J, Puget S, Valteau-Couanet D, Dufour C, Ramaswamy V, Thompson E, Taylor M, Pomeroy S, Archer T, Northcott P, Tamayo P, Prince E, Amani V, Griesinger A, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Sin-Chan P, Lu M, Kleinman C, Spence T, Picard D, Ho KC, Chan J, Hawkins C, Majewski J, Jabado N, Dirks P, Huang A, Madden JR, Foreman NK, Donson AM, Mirsky DM, Wang X, Dubuc A, Korshunov A, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Mack S, Gendoo D, Peacock J, Luu B, Cho YJ, Eberhart C, MacDonald T, Li XN, Van Meter T, Northcott P, Croul S, Bouffet E, Pfister S, Taylor M, Laureano A, Brugmann W, Denman C, Singh H, Huls H, Moyes J, Khatua S, Sandberg D, Silla L, Cooper L, Lee D, Gopalakrishnan V. MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Anchan R, Gerami-Naini B, Lindsey J, Lipskind S, Williams S, Kearns W. Ovarian granulosa cells are a viable source of iPSCs with the capacity for epigenetically-biased differentiation into steroidogenic tissue of the ovary. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hamilton DM, Partington M, Schwalbe E, Lindsey J, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford S. Abstract 3823: Identification of critical DNA methylation events in medulloblastoma using functional epigenomics. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most studies of cancer DNA methylation have focused on defining aberrant gene promoter and, in particular, CpG island-associated events and their contribution to tumour development. A number of genes have been found to be epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in medulloblastoma (MB), however, the genome-wide role of DNA methylation in this disease has not been widely investigated. Using a functional epigenomics analysis of methylation-dependent gene expression alterations, combined with a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation, we sought to undertake a comprehensive characterisation of methylation events that are associated with expression alterations and that may play a role in MB development.
We treated a panel of 10 MB cell lines with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5azaCdR) and assessed methylation-dependent changes in gene expression using the Illumina HT12v4.0 array. In total, 283 genes showed methylation-dependent expression in 2 or more cell lines. Using the Illumina 450K Methylation array, a relationship between methylation-dependent expression and methylation at specific CpG residues was found for 63 genes (encompassing 184 CpG sites), suggesting a direct role for their methylation in transcription regulation and tumour development.
Thirty-seven of the 63 genes identified (59%) had events occurring at multiple CpG residues, while the remaining 26 showed a relationship between expression and methylation at a single CpG residue only. Detailed characterisation of the distribution of the 184 CpG sites identified found them harboured mainly within gene promoter regions and associated with CpG islands and shores. However, for 33 genes (52% of total), events were also found at one or more sites located within the gene body. Ten of these genes contained one or more gene body events that were isolated sites, not in an island or shore, and for 3 of these, an isolated non-CpG island/shore gene body event was the only event found.
We have identified a series of methylation events that show a strong relationship to gene expression and may contribute to MB tumourigenesis. In addition to extensive CpG island/gene promoter events, isolated CpG gene body events may play a significant role in regulating gene transcription in tumour development. Further work will now be undertaken to validate the methylation events identified and to establish their role in primary tumours, as well as their functional significance in tumour development.
Citation Format: Dolores M. Hamilton, Matthew Partington, Ed Schwalbe, Janet Lindsey, Daniel Williamson, Simon Bailey, Steven Clifford. Identification of critical DNA methylation events in medulloblastoma using functional epigenomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3823. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3823
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Partington
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Schwalbe
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bailey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Zhang R, Cai Q, Lindsey J, Li Y, Chambless B, Naguib F. Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of natural product DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors 10-hydroxycamptothecin and camptothecin in SCID mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts. Int J Oncol 2012; 10:1147-56. [PMID: 21533497 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.10.6.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors, 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and camptothecin (CPT), are indole alkaloids isolated from the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. They have been shown to have a wide spectrum of anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, their use has been limited due to their water-insolubility. The purpose of the present study was 2-fold, to determine the in vitro and in vivo activity of HCPT and CPT against human breast cancer and to determine the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs to better understand how they can best be used therapeutically. The bl vitro inhibitory effect on tumor growth was observed with breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. The in vivo antitumor effects were then determined using severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing MDA-MB-468 xenografts. The tumor-bearing mice were orally administered HCPT (1, 3, 6, 9 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week) or CPT (1, 3, 6 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week) for 3 weeks. Growth of the MDA-MB-468 cells was inhibited by HCPT and CPT in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Complete regression of the tumor xenografts, determined by tumor measurement and microscopic examination, occurred in the groups of animals treated with doses of HCPT or CPT of 3 mg/kg/day or more. In general, HCPT was more effective and less toxic than CPT. To determine the potential mechanisms for the pharmacologic differences, the comparative pharmacokinetics of HCPT and CPT were determined in tumor-bearing SCID mice following i.v. or oral administration of H-3-HCPT or H-3-CPT. Parent drugs and their metabolites in plasma, urine, feces, and various tissues were quantified by a recently developed reversed-phase HPLC method. Significant absorption of both HCPT and CPT was observed after oral administration, with CPT having a higher bioavailability. HCPT and CPT were distributed widely into various tissues including the tumor, enterohepatic system, kidneys, and bone marrow. These studies indicate that HCPT and CPT are of potential use in treatment of breast cancer, providing the basis for the design of future human trials with these anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhang
- UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT COMPARAT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294
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Li KKW, Pang JCS, Ng HK, Massimino M, Gandola L, Biassoni V, Spreafico F, Schiavello E, Poggi G, Casanova M, Pecori E, De Pava MV, Ferrari A, Meazza C, Terenziani M, Polastri D, Luksch R, Podda M, Modena P, Antonelli M, Giangaspero F, Ahmed S, Zaghloul MS, Mousa AG, Eldebawy E, Elbeltagy M, Awaad M, Massimino M, Gandola L, Biassoni V, Antonelli M, Schiavello E, Buttarelli F, Spreafico F, Collini P, Pollo B, Patriarca C, Giangaspero F, MacDonald T, Liu J, Munson J, Park J, Wang K, Fei B, Bellamkonda R, Arbiser J, Gomi A, Yamaguchi T, Mashiko T, Oguro K, Somasundaram A, Neuberg R, Grant G, Fuchs H, Driscoll T, Becher O, McLendon R, Cummings T, Gururangan S, Bourdeaut F, Grison C, Doz F, Pierron G, Delattre O, Couturier J, Cho YJ, Pugh T, Weeraratne SD, Archer T, Krummel DP, Auclair D, Cibulkis K, Lawrence M, Greulich H, McKenna A, Ramos A, Shefler E, Sivachenko A, Amani V, Pierre-Francois J, Teider N, Northcott P, Taylor M, Meyerson M, Pomeroy S, Potts C, Cline H, Rotenberry R, Guldal C, Bhatia B, Nahle Z, Kenney A, Fan YN, Pizer B, See V, Makino K, Nakamura H, Kuratsu JI, Grahlert J, Ma M, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Baumgartner M, Clifford S, Gustafsson G, Ellison D, Figarella-Branger D, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Lannering B, Pietsch T, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Baumgartner M, Grotzer M, Fleischhack G, Siegler N, Zimmermann M, Rutkowski S, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann RD, Pietsch T, Faldum A, Bode U, Yoon JH, Kang HJ, Park KD, Park SH, Phi JH, Kim SK, Wang KC, Kim IH, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Faria C, Golbourn B, Smith C, Rutka J, Greene BD, Whitton A, Singh S, Scheinemann K, Hill R, Lindsey J, Howell C, Ryan S, Shiels K, Shrimpton E, Bailey S, Clifford S, Schwalbe E, Lindsey J, Williamson D, Hamilton D, Northcott P, O'Toole K, Nicholson SL, Lusher M, Gilbertson R, Hauser P, Taylor M, Taylor R, Ellison D, Bailey S, Clifford S, Kool M, Jones DTW, Jager N, Hovestadt V, Schuller U, Jabado N, Perry A, Cowdrey C, Croul S, Collins VP, Cho YJ, Pomeroy S, Eils R, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Northcott P, Shih D, Taylor M, Darabi A, Sanden E, Visse E, Siesjo P, Harris P, Venkataraman S, Alimova I, Birks D, Cristiano B, Donson A, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Bertin D, Vallero S, Basso ME, Romano E, Peretta P, Morra I, Mussano A, Fagioli F, Kunkele A, De Preter K, Heukamp L, Thor T, Pajtler K, Hartmann W, Mittelbronn M, Grotzer M, Deubzer H, Speleman F, Schramm A, Eggert A, Schulte J, Bandopadhayay P, Kieran M, Manley P, Robison N, Chi S, Thor T, Mestdagh P, Vandesomple J, Fuchs H, Durner VG, de Angelis MH, Heukamp L, Kunkele A, Pajtler K, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH, Ohe N, Yano H, Nakayama N, Iwama T, Lastowska M, Perek-Polnik M, Grajkowska W, Malczyk K, Cukrowska B, Dembowska-Baginska B, Perek D, Othman RT, Storer L, Grundy R, Kerr I, Coyle B, Hulleman E, Lagerweij T, Biesmans D, Crommentuijn MHW, Cloos J, Tannous BA, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Kaspers GJL, Wurdinger T, Bergthold G, El Kababri M, Varlet P, Dhermain F, Sainte-Rose C, Raquin MA, Valteau-Couanet D, Grill J, Dufour C, Burchill C, Hii H, Dallas P, Cole C, Endersby R, Gottardo N, Gevorgian A, Morozova E, Kazantsev I, Youhta T, Safonova S, Kozlov A, Punanov Y, Afanasyev B, Zheludkova O, Packer R, Gajjar A, Michalski J, Jakacki R, Gottardo N, Tarbell N, Vezina G, Olson J, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Malbari F, Atlas M, Friedman G, Kelly V, Bray A, Cassady K, Markert J, Gillespie Y, Taylor R, Howman A, Brogden E, Robinson K, Jones D, Gibson M, Bujkiewicz S, Mitra D, Saran F, Michalski A, Pizer B, Jones DTW, Jager N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, Cho YJ, Pugh TJ, Warnatz HJ, Reifenberger G, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Meyerson M, Pomeroy SL, Yaspo ML, Korbel JO, Korshunov A, Eils R, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Pajtler KW, Weingarten C, Thor T, Kuenkele A, Fleischhack G, Heukamp LC, Buettner R, Kirfel J, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Lupo P, Scheurer M, Martin A, Nirschl C, Polanczyk M, Cohen KJ, Pardoll DM, Drake CG, Lim M, Manoranjan B, Hallett R, Wang X, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Sheinemann K, Hassell J, Singh S, Venugopal C, Manoranjan B, McFarlane N, Whitton A, Delaney K, Scheinemann K, Singh S, Manoranjan B, Hallett R, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Hassell J, Scheinemann K, Dunn S, Singh S, Garcia I, Crowther AJ, Gama V, Miller CR, Deshmukh M, Gershon TR, Garcia I, Crowther AJ, Gershon TR, Gerber NU, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Treulieb W, Benesch M, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Kortmann RD, Zin A, De Bortoli M, Bonvini P, Viscardi E, Perilongo G, Rosolen A, Connolly E, Zhang C, Anderson R, Feldstein N, Stark E, Garvin J, Shing MMK, Lee V, Cheng FWT, Leung AWK, Zhu XL, Wong HT, Kam M, Li CK, Ward S, Sengupta R, Kroll K, Rubin J, Dallas P, Milech N, Longville B, Hopkins R, Vergiliana JVD, Endersby R, Gottardo N, von Bueren AO, Gerss J, Hagel C, Cai H, Remke M, Hasselblatt M, Feuerstein BG, Pernet S, Delattre O, Korshunov A, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Baudis M, Lee C, Fotovati A, Triscott J, Dunn S, Valdora F, Freier F, Seyler C, Brady N, Bender S, Northcott P, Kool M, Jones D, Coco S, Tonini GP, Scheurlen W, Boutros M, Taylor M, Katus H, Kulozik A, Zitron E, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Remke M, Shih DJH, Northcott PA, Van Meter T, Pollack IF, Van Meir E, Eberhart CG, Fan X, Dellatre O, Collins VP, Jones DTW, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pompe R, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Treulieb W, Lindow C, Deinlein F, Kuehl J, Rutkowski S, Gupta T, Krishnatry R, Shirsat N, Epari S, Kunder R, Kurkure P, Vora T, Moiyadi A, Jalali R, Cohen K, Perek D, Perek-Polnik M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Drogosiewicz M, Grajkowska W, Lastowska M, Chojnacka M, Filipek I, Tarasinska M, Roszkowski M, Hauser P, Jakab Z, Bognar L, Markia B, Gyorsok Z, Ottoffy G, Nagy K, Cservenyak J, Masat P, Turanyi E, Vizkeleti J, Krivan G, Kallay K, Schuler D, Garami M, Lacroix J, Schlund F, Adolph K, Leuchs B, Bender S, Hielscher T, Pfister S, Witt O, Schlehofer JR, Rommelaere J, Witt H, Leskov K, Ma N, Eberhart C, Stearns D, Dagri JN, Torkildson J, Evans A, Ashby LS, Zakotnik B, Brown RJ, Dhall G, Portnow J, Finlay JL, McCabe M, Pizer B, Marino AM, Baryawno N, Ekstrom TP, Ostman A, Johnsen JI, Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg T, Lu C, Pheonix T, Huether R, Easton J, Onar A, Lau C, Bouffet E, Gururangan S, Hassall T, Cohn R, Gajjar A, Ellison D, Mardis E, Wilson R, Downing J, Zhang J, Gilbertson R, Robinson G, Dalton J, O'Neill T, Yong W, Chingtagumpala M, Bouffet E, Bowers D, Kellie S, Gururangan S, Fisher P, Bendel A, Fisher M, Hassall T, Wetmore C, Broniscer A, Clifford S, Gilbertson R, Gajjar A, Ellison D, Zhukova N, Martin D, Lipman T, Castelo-Branco P, Zhang C, Fraser M, Baskin B, Ray P, Bouffet E, Alman B, Ramaswamy V, Dirks P, Clifford S, Rutkowski S, Pfister S, Bristow R, Taylor M, Malkin D, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Dhall G, Ji L, Haley K, Gardner S, Sposto R, Finlay J, Leary S, Strand A, Ditzler S, Heinicke G, Conrad L, Richards A, Pedro K, Knoblaugh S, Cole B, Olson J, Yankelevich M, Budarin M, Konski A, Mentkevich G, Stefanits H, Ebetsberger-Dachs G, Weis S, Haberler C, Milosevic J, Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Martinsson T, Grotzer M, Johnsen JI, Kogner P, Garzia L, Morrisy S, Jelveh S, Lindsay P, Hill R, Taylor M, Marks A, Zhang H, Rood B, Williamson D, Clifford S, Aurtenetxe O, Gaffar A, Lopez JI, Urberuaga A, Navajas A, O'Halloran K, Hukin J, Singhal A, Dunham C, Goddard K, Rassekh SR, Davidson TB, Fangusaro JR, Ji L, Sposto R, Gardner SL, Allen JC, Dunkel IJ, Dhall G, Finlay JL, Trivedi M, Tyagi A, Goodden J, Chumas P, O'kane R, Crimmins D, Elliott M, Picton S, Silva DS, Viana-Pereira M, Stavale JN, Malheiro S, Almeida GC, Clara C, Jones C, Reis RM, Spence T, Sin-Chan P, Picard D, Ho KC, Lu M, Huang A, Bochare S, Khatua S, Gopalakrishnan V, Chan TSY, Picard D, Pfister S, Hawkins C, Huang A, Chan TSY, Picard D, Ho KC, Huang A, Picard D, Millar S, Hawkins C, Rogers H, Kim SK, Ra YS, Fangusaro J, Toledano H, Nakamura H, Van Meter T, Pomeroy S, Ng HK, Jones C, Gajjar A, Clifford S, Pfister S, Eberhart C, Bouffet E, Grundy R, Huang A, Sengupta S, Weeraratne SD, Phallen J, Sun H, Rallapalli S, Amani V, Pierre-Francois J, Teider N, Cook J, Jensen F, Lim M, Pomeroy S, Cho YJ. MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:i82-i105. [PMCID: PMC3483339 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
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Lindsey J, Powell T, Ansari W, Wang YH, Khan U. The Specificity of the Antibody Response to Epstein-Barr Virus Is Altered in Multiple Sclerosis (P02.075). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kramer L, Barreto A, Bui TT, Brod S, Jemelka J, Ton K, Cohen A, Lindsey J, Nelson F, Narayana P, Wolinsky J. Prospective, Case-Control Study of CCSVI with Imaging-Blinded Assessment: Progress Report Correlating Magnetic Resonance Venography with Neurosonography (S10.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Barreto A, Brod S, Bui TT, Jamelka J, Kramer L, Ton K, Cohen A, Lindsey J, Nelson F, Narayana P, Wolinsky J. A Study of CCSVI with Imaging-Blinded Assessment: Neurosonography Update (S10.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Banerjee S, Brilakis E, Zhang S, Roesle M, Lindsey J, Philips B, Blewett C, Terada L. Endothelial progenitor cell mobilization after percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van Erck E, Votion D, Kirschvink N, Genicot B, Lindsey J, Art T, Lekeux P. Influence of breathing pattern and lung inflation on impulse oscillometry measurements in horses. Vet J 2004; 168:259-69. [PMID: 15501143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to determine if changes in ventilation patterns could influence the outcome of respiratory function measurements performed with our impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in horses. In a first study, IOS tests were performed in vitro on six isolated equine lungs. Lung inflation levels were controlled by modifying depressurisation inside an artificial thorax and different ventilation patterns were imposed. In a second in vivo study, transient variations in breathing pattern were evaluated both with the IOS and a current reference technique (CRT) in five healthy mature horses after an intravenous (i.v.) injection of lobeline hydrochloride. In both studies, respiratory rate (RR, range: 7-42 breaths/min.) and tidal volume (V(T), range: 0.4-25 L) had minor or no influence on IOS parameters. The influence of lung inflation, most marked for resistance at 5 Hz (R(5 Hz)), was limited for the considered physiological range. In vivo, statistical models indicated that maximal changes in pleural pressure (Max Delta Ppl) and peak flows were the main determinants of the variability of the resistance (R(rs)) and the reactance (X(rs)) of the respiratory system. The fourfold increase in baseline Max Delta Ppl and peak flows obtained during hyperpnoea caused a significant increase in R(rs) at 5 and 10 Hz and a decrease in X(rs) at all frequencies. We conclude that IOS parameters are not influenced by tachypnoea, but will reflect alterations in respiratory mechanics caused by hyperpnoeic breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Erck
- Laboratory for Functional Investigation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bat. B42, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Krishnan KJ, Lindsey J, Lusher M, Lowes S, Birch-Machin MA. Current pitfalls in the measurement of the 4977 bp mitochondrial DNA common deletion in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:981-2. [PMID: 12787124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mirochnick M, Cooper E, Capparelli E, McIntosh K, Lindsey J, Xu J, Jacobus D, Mofenson L, Bonagura VR, Nachman S, Yogev R, Sullivan JL, Spector SA. Population pharmacokinetics of dapsone in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70:24-32. [PMID: 11452241 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of dapsone pharmacokinetics in children have been too small to allow assessment of the relationships between dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics or markers of efficacy and toxicity. METHODS We used population analysis to estimate dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters in children participating in a phase I/II study of daily and weekly dapsone in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. With use of the program NONMEM and a 1-compartment open model, the influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (V/F) were examined. Measures of drug exposure (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] and predicted concentrations just before and 2 hours after administration) were estimated for each patient and correlated with markers of efficacy and toxicity. RESULTS Sixty children (median age, 3 years; age range, 2 months to 12 years) contributed 412 dapsone concentrations collected after 175 study doses. Final parameter estimates were 1.40 L/kg for V/F, 0.0283 L/kg/h for CL/F, and 2.66 for the absorption rate constant. Of the clinical characteristics evaluated, dapsone CL/F was significantly increased by 50% in children taking rifabutin, by 39% in black children, and by 38% in children younger than 2 years old. Although no significant correlations were found between any dapsone exposure parameter and markers of toxicity, increased AUC was associated with a decreased risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). CONCLUSION Ethnicity, age, and concomitant rifabutin use were associated with dapsone CL/F, with more rapid clearance observed in black children, children younger than 2 years old, and children receiving rifabutin. Dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters were not associated with toxicity, but higher dapsone AUC was associated with decreased risk of PCP. Monitoring of serum dapsone levels may be needed for optimal management of dapsone for PCP prophylaxis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirochnick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Stroke, one of the most catastrophic medical events to befall an individual, is also one of the most preventable. Stroke risk assessment screenings (SRAS) provide an ideal means of lowering the risk by identifying high-risk individuals and educating the community about recognition and prevention of stroke. To facilitate public awareness in a northwestern Pennsylvania county, a multifocal media campaign was initiated approximately 2 months before the screening program. From April 1 to June 30, 1998, screenings were offered free-of-charge at 61 public sites. The screenings were staffed by volunteer nurses. A brief health history was taken and risk factor assessments (blood pressure, pulse, and carotid bruit screening) were performed. Individualized action plans were developed and discussed with the participants. The signs and symptoms of stroke were reviewed and educational material provided. Utilizing American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, the nurses recommended medical follow-up as appropriate. With 3,116 individuals evaluated, this program represented the largest coordinated effort by any county in Pennsylvania. This program was thought to be instrumental in increasing community awareness of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindsey
- Hamot Research Center, Erie, PA 16507, USA
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White KD, Ince PG, Lusher M, Lindsey J, Cookson M, Bashir R, Shaw PJ, Bushby KM. Clinical and pathologic findings in hereditary spastic paraparesis with spastin mutation. Neurology 2000; 55:89-94. [PMID: 10891911 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a family with chromosome 2p-linked hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) associated with dementia and illustrate the cerebral pathology associated with this disorder. BACKGROUND HSP comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders in which the main clinical feature is severe, progressive lower limb spasticity. Nongenetic classification relies on characteristics such as mode of inheritance, age at onset, and the presence or absence of additional neurologic features. Several loci have been identified for autosomal dominant pure HSP. The most common form, which links to chromosome 2p (SPG4), has recently been shown to be due to mutations in spastin, the gene encoding a novel AAA-containing protein. RESULTS The authors report four generations of a British family with autosomal dominant HSP in whom haplotype analysis indicates linkage to chromosome 2p. In addition, a missense mutation has been identified in exon 10 of the spastin gene (A1395G). Dementia was documented clinically in one member of the family, two other affected family members were reported to have had late onset memory loss, and a younger affected individual showed evidence of memory disturbance and learning difficulties. Autopsy of the demented patient confirmed changes in the spinal cord typical of HSP and also demonstrated specific cortical pathology. There was neuronal depletion and tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus and tau-immunoreactive balloon cells were seen in the limbic and neocortex. The substantia nigra showed Lewy body formation. The pathologic findings are not typical of known tauopathies. CONCLUSIONS The authors confirm that chromosome 2p-linked HSP can be associated with dementia and that this phenotype may be associated with a specific and unusual cortical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D White
- Department of Neurology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Nutt AK, Hassan HA, Lindsey J, Lamps LW, Raufman JP. Liver biopsy in the evaluation of patients with chronic hepatitis C who have repeatedly normal or near-normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Am J Med 2000; 109:62-4. [PMID: 10936480 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Nutt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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Mirochnick M, Cooper E, McIntosh K, Xu J, Lindsey J, Jacobus D, Mofenson L, Sullivan JL, Dankner W, Frenkel LM, Nachman S, Wara DW, Johnson D, Bonagura VR, Rathore MH, Cunningham CK, McNamara J. Pharmacokinetics of dapsone administered daily and weekly in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2586-91. [PMID: 10543733 PMCID: PMC89529 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.11.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dapsone is a commonly used alternative agent for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, there are few data that describe dapsone pharmacokinetics in children. We studied dapsone pharmacokinetics in 30 children (median age, 2.8 years; age range, 0. 3 to 12 years) receiving a new proprietary liquid preparation by three dosing regimens (1 mg/kg of body weight daily, 2 mg/kg daily, or 4 mg/kg weekly). Dosing of children with 2 mg/kg daily or 4 mg/kg weekly resulted in peak concentrations equivalent to those reached in adults receiving 100-mg tablets daily. For the entire population, the median half-life was 22.2 h (range, 7.1 to 40.3 h), the median oral clearance was 0.0365 liter/kg/h (range, 0.0104 to 0.1021 liter/kg/h), and the median oral apparent volume of distribution was 1.13 liters/kg (range, 0.50 to 2.32 liters/kg). The median dapsone oral clearance was significantly increased in those infants less than 2 years of age compared to the oral clearance in those over 2 years of age (0.0484 versus 0.0278 liter/kg/h; P = 0.011). These data suggest that absorption of this liquid preparation is adequate and that the concentrations in the sera of children receiving 2 mg/kg daily or 4 mg/kg weekly are equivalent to those seen in adults receiving standard dapsone dosing. Dapsone oral clearance appears to be increased in children under 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirochnick
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Straiker AJ, Maguire G, Mackie K, Lindsey J. Localization of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the human anterior eye and retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40:2442-8. [PMID: 10476817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the presence and distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors within the human eye. METHODS A subtype-specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor was used to determine CB1 localization. Postmortem human eyes were fixed in methacarn and embedded in paraffin. Sagittal sections were mounted on slides and immunostained using antibodies to the CB1 receptor. Antibody binding was detected either by using peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies and developing with diaminobenzidine or by using fluorescent secondary antibodies. RESULTS Strong CB1 receptor labeling was detected in the ciliary epithelium, the corneal epithelium, and endothelium of the anterior human eye. Strong-to-moderate levels of CB1 staining were found in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. Moderate labeling was detected in the ciliary muscle and in the blood vessels of the ciliary body. Moderate-to-light labeling also was detected in the sphincter papillae of the anterior human eye. Staining for CB1 receptors also was detected in human retina. The two synaptic layers of the retina and the inner and outer plexiform layers, were both moderately stained for CB1. In addition, moderate labeling was detected in the inner nuclear layer, and the ganglion cell layer. Strong labeling was detected in the outer segments of photoreceptors. No staining was observed in the corneal stroma or in the choroid. CONCLUSIONS The wide distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in both the anterior eye and the retina of humans suggests that cannabinoids influence several different physiological functions in the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Straiker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
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Lehman WB, Atar D, Bash J, Grant A, Feldman D, Kissin Y, Gutman J, Lindsey J. Results of complete soft tissue clubfoot release combined with calcaneocuboid fusion in the 4-year to 8-year age group following failed clubfoot release. J Pediatr Orthop B 1999; 8:181-6. [PMID: 10399120 DOI: 10.1097/01202412-199907000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A subset of postoperative recurrent clubfeet was isolated in a group of patients 4 to 8 years old. Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent redo surgery consisting of complete soft tissue clubfoot release combined with a calcaneocuboid fusion were reviewed for this study. Twenty-six feet of 27 feet in 20 patients had a long-term good result, suggesting that this procedure is the one of choice for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Lehman
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA
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36
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McIntosh K, Cooper E, Xu J, Mirochnick M, Lindsey J, Jacobus D, Mofenson L, Yogev R, Spector SA, Sullivan JL, Sacks H, Kovacs A, Nachman S, Sleasman J, Bonagura V, McNamara J. Toxicity and efficacy of daily vs. weekly dapsone for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. ACTG 179 Study Team. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:432-9. [PMID: 10353516 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199905000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapsone is an alternative drug for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in individuals intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S). There are, however, few data on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity or efficacy of dapsone in children. Design. Randomized, multicenter trial comparing daily (1 or 2 mg/kg) with weekly (4 mg/kg) dapsone regimens in 94 HIV-infected children intolerant to T/S. METHODS Hematologic and hepatic toxicity was monitored, as well as the occurrence of skin rash, PCP or death. RESULTS Initial pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate serum dapsone concentrations were not achieved with the daily 1-mg/kg regimen; the daily dose was then increased to 2 mg/kg. Both short and long term hematologic toxicities were marginally greater in children receiving the daily 2 mg/kg compared with the weekly regimen. Allergic skin rashes were similar in children receiving the daily and weekly regimens (17% in both) and were not associated with prior history of rash with T/S. PCP occurred most frequently with the daily 1-mg/kg regimen (22.0 cases/100 patient years), least frequently with the daily 2-mg/kg regimen (0 case/100 patient years) and at intermediate frequency with the weekly regimen (9.5 cases/100 patient years). More deaths were observed in patients receiving the daily than the weekly regimen (8 vs. 2, respectively), although the deaths were not directly attributable to dapsone treatment. CONCLUSION Although a weekly dapsone regimen of 4 mg/kg produced less hematologic toxicity than a daily regimen of 2 mg/kg, this advantage was offset by a trend toward higher breakthrough rates of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McIntosh
- Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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D'Angelo LJ, Lindsey J, Zimmer B, Culnane M, Futtermann D. Attempting to enhance the enrollment of adolescents into AIDS clinical trials: the design of ACTG Protocol 220. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1998; 12:853-9. [PMID: 11362042 DOI: 10.1089/apc.1998.12.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of HIV infection continues to grow in adolescents and young adults. Unfortunately, because treatment regimens have been developed based on data derived from clinical trials, little data are available on adolescents because they are infrequently included in these trials. In an effort to facilitate the enrollment of more adolescents into AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) clinical trials, we designed a nontreatment protocol to familiarize adolescents with clinical trials requirements. Two hundred fifty-six adolescents (150 females, 106 males) between the ages of 13 and 21 years were enrolled at 43 different clinical trials sites throughout the United States. The majority of patients (50%) were enrolled at sites that had specific programs for adolescents. Most of the young women (85%) had acquired their infection via heterosexual transmission, whereas the largest transmission categories in men were blood or factor transfusions (43%) or same-sex contact (34%). Admission CD4 counts were lower in males (mean = 396 cells/mm3) than in females (mean = 513 cells/mm3) (p = 0.01). Psychosocial profiles revealed a variety of ongoing risk behaviors in HIV-infected adolescents. Two years into the study, 223 patients are still being observed. We conclude that adolescents can be enrolled in an observational protocol. The success of this trial will be determined by how many ACTG Protocol 220 participants are ultimately enrolled in therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J D'Angelo
- Section of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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38
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39
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Beardsley D, Holman S, Gantt R, Robinson RA, Lindsey J, Bazaral M, Stewart SF, Stevens RA. Transient neurologic deficit after spinal anesthesia: local anesthetic maldistribution with pencil point needles? Anesth Analg 1995; 81:314-20. [PMID: 7618722 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199508000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of transient neurologic deficits have raised concern about the potential toxicity of single-dose spinal 5% lidocaine in 7.5% dextrose. Two cases of volunteers who experienced minor local sensory deficits after slow (60 s) injections of 2 mL 5% lidocaine via Whitacre needles are described. One case was a result of a double injection because of a "failed" block. It seemed possible that the neurologic deficit in these cases resulted from neurotoxicity associated with maldistribution of local anesthetic. Using an in vitro spinal model, we investigated drug distribution resulting from injections through side-port spinal needles to determine whether the use of these needles could result in high local concentrations of hyperbaric solutions. A spinal canal model was fabricated using human magnetic resonance measurements. The model was placed in a surgical supine position and filled with lactated Ringer's solution to simulate the specific gravity of cerebral spinal fluid at 22 degrees C. A hyperbaric solution of phthalocyanine blue dye and dextrose (SG 1.042), simulating the anesthetic, was injected through three different needles (27-gauge 4 11/16-in. Whitacre, 25-gauge 3 1/2-in. Whitacre, 25-gauge 3 1/2-in. Quincke). Triplicate injections were done at rapid (2 mL/10 s) and slow (2 mL/60 s) rates, with needle side ports oriented in a sacral and cephalad direction. At slow rates of injection, using 27- or 25-gauge sacrally directed Whitacre needles, injections showed evidence of maldistribution with extrapolated peak sacral lidocaine concentrations reaching 2.0%. In contrast, distribution after slow injection through sacrally directed Quincke needles was uniform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beardsley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Abstract
Morton's neuroma is a common disease entity of the foot that is often treated with surgical resection. A complication of neuroma resection is recurrence of symptoms as a result of the formation of an amputation neuroma. The authors offer an anatomical and biomechanical explanation for the location of symptomatic amputation neuromas. The neuromas are found on the plantar surface proximal to the condyles of the metatarsal and medial to the interspace where the nerve is resected. The theory is based on intraoperative observations during surgery for recurrent neuromas and on cadaver dissections and offers a method based on this theory to reduce the number of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Young
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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41
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Inglehearn CF, Carter SA, Keen TJ, Lindsey J, Stephenson AM, Bashir R, al-Maghtheh M, Moore AT, Jay M, Bird AC. A new locus for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa on chromosome 7p. Nat Genet 1993; 4:51-3. [PMID: 8513323 DOI: 10.1038/ng0593-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is known to result from mutations in two different retinal genes--rhodopsin and peripherin--while a third locus has been implicated by linkage data. However, families have been reported in which all three known loci have been excluded. We report linkage of adRP in one such family to two microsatellite markers on chromosome 7p. D7S435 has previously been localized to 7p13-15.1; D7S460, previously only localized to chromosome 7, maps to within 2 cM of D7S435 with a lod score of 12.15. Two point linkage analysis between these markers and adRP gave lod scores of 5.65 (theta = 0) and 4.19 (theta = 0.046) for D7S460 and D7S435, respectively. Multipoint analysis gave a maximum lod score of 8.22. These data strongly suggest a new adRP locus on chromosome 7p.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Inglehearn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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42
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Patton JP, Murdoch DP, Lindsey J, Young G. Rheumatoid arthritic foot. Two manifestations with case studies. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1993; 83:270-5. [PMID: 8515375 DOI: 10.7547/87507315-83-5-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors review rheumatoid arthritis with focus on two pedal manifestations, rheumatoid nodules and digital deformities. The prevalence, presentation, and diagnostic features concerning these entities are discussed, and three case studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Patton
- Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia
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43
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Eichenwald EC, Howell RG, Kosch PC, Ungarelli RA, Lindsey J, Stark R. Developmental changes in sequential activation of laryngeal abductor muscle and diaphragm in infants. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1992; 73:1425-31. [PMID: 1447088 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals and human adults, upper airway muscle activity usually precedes inspiratory diaphragm activity. We examined the interaction of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA), which abducts the larynx, and the diaphragm (DIA) in the control of airflow in newborn infants to assess the effect of maturation on respiratory muscle sequence. We recorded tidal volume, airflow, and DIA and PCA electromyograms (EMG) in 12 full-term, 14 premature, and 10 premature infants with apnea treated with aminophylline. In most breaths, onset of PCA EMG activity preceded onset of DIA EMG activity (lead breaths). In all subjects, we also observed breaths (range 6-61%) in which PCA EMG onset followed DIA EMG onset (lag breaths). DIA neural inspiratory duration and the neuromechanical delay between DIA EMG onset and inspiratory flow were longer in lag than in lead breaths (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of lag breaths was greater in the premature infants [33 +/- 4% (SE)] than in either the full-term infants (21 +/- 3%, P < 0.03) or the premature infants with apnea treated with aminophylline (16 +/- 2%, P < 0.01). We conclude that the expected sequence of onset of PCA and DIA EMG activity is frequently disrupted in newborn infants. Both maturation and respiratory stimulation with aminophylline improve the coordination of the PCA and DIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Eichenwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Bashir R, Inglehearn CF, Keen TJ, Lindsey J, Atif U, Carter SA, Stephenson AM, Jackson A, Jay M, Bird AC. Exclusion of chromosome 6 and 8 locations in nonrhodopsin autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa families: further locus heterogeneity in adRP. Genomics 1992; 14:191-3. [PMID: 1427827 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(05)80306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have revealed that 25 to 30% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) families have mutations in the rhodopsin gene, while the remainder do not. More recently linkage data and mutation detection have demonstrated two further loci implicated in adRP, at an as yet unidentified gene on chromosome 8p and at the human gene homologue of the mouse Rds (Retinal Degeneration Slow) gene on chromosome 6p. We have previously reported exclusion of adRP from the rhodopsin locus on 3q in two large adRP families. We now report exclusion data for both families, on chromosomes 6 and 8, demonstrating that the adRP phenotype results from mutations in at least four locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bashir
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Human Genetics, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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45
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Inglehearn CF, Lester DH, Bashir R, Atif U, Keen TJ, Sertedaki A, Lindsey J, Jay M, Bird AC, Farrar GJ. Recombination between rhodopsin and locus D3S47 (C17) in rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa families. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50:590-7. [PMID: 1539595 PMCID: PMC1684283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) has shown linkage to the chromosome 3q marker C17 (D3S47) in two large adRP pedigrees known as TCDM1 and adRP3. On the basis of this evidence the rhodopsin gene, which also maps to 3q, was screened for mutations which segregated with the disease in adRP patients, and several have now been identified. However, we report that, as yet, no rhodopsin mutation has been found in the families first linked to C17. Since no highly informative marker system is available in the rhodopsin gene, it has not been possible to measure the genetic distance between rhodopsin and D3S47 accurately. We now present a linkage analysis between D3S47 and the rhodopsin locus (RHO) in five proven rhodopsin-retinitis pigmentosa (rhodopsin-RP) families, using the causative mutations as highly informative polymorphic markers. The distance, between RHO and D3S47, obtained by this analysis is theta = .12, with a lod score of 4.5. This contrast with peak lod scores between D3S47 and adRP of 6.1 at theta = .05 and 16.5 at theta = 0 in families adRP3 and TCDM1, respectively. These data would be consistent with the hypothesis that TCDM1 and ADRP3 represent a second adRP locus on chromosome 3q, closer to D3S47 than is the rhodopsin locus. This result shows that care must be taken when interpreting adRP exclusion data generated with probe C17 and that it is probably not a suitable marker for predictive genetic testing in all chromosome 3q-linked adRP families.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Inglehearn
- Department of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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46
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Churchill WH, Schmidt B, Lindsey J, Greenberg M, Boudrow S, Brugnara C. Thawing fresh frozen plasma in a microwave oven. A comparison with thawing in a 37 degrees C waterbath. Am J Clin Pathol 1992; 97:227-32. [PMID: 1546692 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/97.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We show in this report that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) can be thawed faster using a specifically designed microwave oven (MWO) (WesLabs Plasma Defroster, Westmorland Laboratories, Inc., New Brunswick, Canada) than using 37 degrees C water bath (WB) and that the thawed product was equivalent to FFP thawed by WB. Paired plasma bags (200 mL/bag) from plasma pools were frozen, stored at -35 degrees C, and thawed in parallel, one bag in MWO, the other in WB. Mean thaw time (mean + SD) by MWO was 6.99 + 1.3 minutes; by WB the time was 17.6 + 1.7 minutes (n = 24; P less than 0.005). Rapid calorimetry of thawed plasma showed that MWO-thawed FFP temperature was 20.4 + 2.5 degrees C, whereas WB-thawed FFP was 15.4 + 3.3 degrees C (n = 24; P less than 0.005). Except for thrombin time (MWO = 20.1 seconds; WB = 19.8 seconds; n = 24; P = 0.023), no significant differences were observed in the 23 other coagulation parameters and plasma proteins studied. Faster thawing and freedom from risk of contamination may make MWO the method of choice for emergency thawing of FFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Churchill
- Blood Bank, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Abstract
Telomeric DNA in the skin cells of 21 human subjects aged between 0 and 92 years was quantified by determining the length of the telomeric smear and the relative amount of TTAGGG repeat sequences. Both telomere length and quantity of telomeric repeat sequences were found to decrease significantly with age. Telomere loss has previously been postulated to be a caused of cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindsey
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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Cross S, Lindsey J, Fantes J, McKay S, McGill N, Cooke H. The structure of a subterminal repeated sequence present on many human chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:6649-57. [PMID: 2251126 PMCID: PMC332624 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.22.6649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All telomeres which have been studied consist of an array of simple G/C rich repeats. Human telomeres were shown to share sequence similarity with those of lower eukaryotes by cross-hybridization and human telomeric sequences have been cloned by complementation of telomere function in yeast. Analysis of human telomeric sequences cloned in this way is described here. The terminal part of the cloned human telomeric DNA consists of an array of simple repeats, principally of the sequence TTAGGG and derivatives. The very terminal part consists of yeast-type telomeric repeats which suggests that the human telomeric sequences have acted as a primer for the addition of additional telomeric repeats in the yeast. Subterminal sequences are shared between a number of clones and in situ data shows that these subterminal sequences are present at several different chromosomal ends. Related sequences are present at internal as well as telomeric positions. Differences in the hybridization patterns of subterminal sequences in somatic compared to germ-line tissues are described which indicate differential modification of these sequences during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cross
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Leach D, Lindsey J, Okely E. Genome interactions which influence DNA palindrome mediated instability and inviability in Escherichia coli. J Cell Sci Suppl 1987; 7:33-40. [PMID: 2972734 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.1987.supplement_7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of three factors determine the detrimental effect of a palindromic DNA sequence in Escherichia coli cells. The first is the nature of the palindrome (its length, extent of central asymmetry and perhaps its base sequence), the second is the genotype of the host cell and the third is the replicon within which it is located. In this paper we extend the genetic and physical characterization of lambda bacteriophages carrying a palindrome of approximately 560 base pairs. We also show that a palindrome of approximately 110 base pairs which can be cloned in a plasmid cannot be cloned in a phage M13 derivative. These observations are relevant to the choice of vectors used in the cloning of eukaryotic DNA containing palindromic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leach
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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50
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Lindsey J. Margaret should have been charged with disorderly conduct. Nurs Life 1987; 7:42-3. [PMID: 3642378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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