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Delgado Y, Tapia N, Muñoz-Morales M, Ramirez Á, Llanos J, Vargas I, Fernández-Morales FJ. Effect of hydrochar-doping on the performance of carbon felt as anodic electrode in microbial fuel cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33338-2. [PMID: 38653895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of using hydrochars as anodic doping materials in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The feedstock used for hydrochar synthesis was metal-polluted plant biomass from an abandoned mining site. The hydrochar obtained was activated by pyrolysis at 500 °C in N2 atmosphere. Under steady state conditions, the current exerted by the MFCs, as well as the cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, showed that the activated hydrochar-doped anodes exhibited the best performance in terms of power and current density generation, 0.055 mW/cm2 and 0.15 mA/cm2, respectively. These values were approximately 30% higher than those achieved with non-doped or doped with non-activated hydrochar anodes which can be explained by the highly graphitic carbonaceous structures obtained during the hydrochar activation that reduced the internal resistance of the system. These results suggest that the activated hydrochar materials could significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of bioelectrochemical systems. Moreover, this integration will not only enhance the energy generated by MFCs, but also valorize metal polluted plant biomass within the frame of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelitza Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vargas
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Medina-Díaz HL, Acosta I, Muñoz M, López Bellido FJ, Villaseñor J, Llanos J, Rodríguez L, Fernández-Morales FJ. A classical modelling of abandoned mine tailings' bioleaching by an autochthonous microbial culture. J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116251. [PMID: 36261963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study and model the bioleaching of abandoned mine tailings at different pulp densities 1-20% w/v by using an autochthonous mesophilic microbial culture. Because of the importance of the ferrous-iron oxidation as sub-process on the bioleaching of sulphide mineral ores, the ferrous-iron oxidation process by the autochthonous microbial culture was studied at different ferrous-iron concentrations. A mathematical model fitted to the experimental results and the main kinetic and stoichiometric parameters were determined, being the most relevant the maximum ferrous-iron oxidation rate 5.1 (mmol Fe2+/mmol C·h) and the biomass yield, 0.01 mmol C/mmol Fe2+, values very similar to that of mixed cultured dominated by Leptospirillum strains. This autochthonous culture was used in the bioleaching experiment carried out at different pulp densities, obtaining a maximum metal recovery in the tests carried out at 1% w/v, recovering a 90% of Cd, 60% of Zn, 30% of Cu, 25% Fe and 6% of Pb. Finally, the different leaching mechanisms were modelled by using the pyrite as ore model obtaining a bioleaching rate of 0.316 mmol Fe2+/(L·h) for the direct mechanisms and a bioleaching rate for the indirect and cooperative leaching mechanisms of 0.055 Fe2+/(L·h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassay Lizeth Medina-Díaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Acosta
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Martín Muñoz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López Bellido
- Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s/n, 13003. Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 2, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Arias-Uriona AM, Pérez E, Llanos J, Cuellar R, Galarza PY. [Social determinants associated with self-reporting of symptoms and access to COVID-19 testing and diagnosis in the Plurinational State of BoliviaDeterminantes sociais associados ao autorrelato de sintomas, acesso a testagem e diagnóstico de COVID-19 no Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e114. [PMID: 36177303 PMCID: PMC9512684 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the prevalence of self-reporting of symptoms and access to testing and diagnosis of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19), as well as its association with social determinants of health (SDH). Methods Cross-sectional study with a sample of 11 728 men and 12 612 women over the age of 17, based on the National Household Survey 2020. The dependent variables were the self-reporting of symptoms, access to testing, and a positive COVID-19 test. The independent variables were age, educational level, area of residence and geographic area, ethnicity, type of household, income per capita, occupation, and health insurance. Prevalences, bivariate associations, and binomial logistical regression models (odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI95%) were calculated. Results Of the total individuals included, 16% reported symptoms, 10% a test, and 4.2% a positive COVID-19 test. Inequalities were observed in the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms, with a higher probability in women whose income had fallen (OR: 1.7; CI95%: 1.2-2.4) and unemployed persons (OR: 1.2; CI95%: 1.1-1.4 for men and OR: 1.3; CI95%: 1.5-1.5 for women). In contrast, with respect to access to diagnostic tests, the highest probability was observed in people with higher education (OR: 2.4; CI95%: 1.9-2.9 for men and OR: 2.7; CI95%: 2.2-3.4 for women), whose income was maintained (OR: 1.5; CI95%: 1.3-1.9 for men and OR: 1.7; CI95%: 1.4-2.0 for women) and those in the highest quartile of per capita household income (OR: 2.0; CI95%: 1.6-2.5 for men and OR: 1.6; CI95%: 1.3-2.0 for women). The probability of reporting symptoms and getting tested, and being diagnosed with COVID-19 increased with age for people with health insurance and those living in the llanos region; however, it decreased for residents of rural areas. Conclusions There are inequalities in access to testing and the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Arias-Uriona
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (IICC)Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloLa PazEstado Plurinacional de BoliviaInstituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (IICC), Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia.
| | - Esdenka Pérez
- Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloLa PazEstado Plurinacional de BoliviaUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
| | - Javier Llanos
- Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloLa PazEstado Plurinacional de BoliviaUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
| | - Rafael Cuellar
- Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloLa PazEstado Plurinacional de BoliviaUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
| | - Pamela Y. Galarza
- Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloLa PazEstado Plurinacional de BoliviaUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
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Rodríguez-Peña M, Barrios Pérez JA, Llanos J, Saez C, Barrera-Díaz CE, Rodrigo MA. Toward real applicability of electro-ozonizers: Paying attention to the gas phase using actual commercial PEM electrolyzers technology. Chemosphere 2022; 289:133141. [PMID: 34871614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on increasing the TRL of electro-ozonizer technology by evaluating the effect of electrolyte composition and operation conditions on the production of ozone, using an actual commercial cell, CONDIAPURE®, in conditions similar to what could be expected in a real application. Not only is attention paid to the changes in the concentration of ozone in the liquid phase, but also to those observed in the gas phase. The electrolyte and its recirculation flowrate, as well as operation temperatures and pressures are found to have significant influence on production rates. The most efficient way to produce ozone is operating at low temperatures and high pressures. In this work, 0.25 and 0.21 mg O3/min were obtained operating at 10 A in electrolytes consisting of aqueous solutions of perchloric and sulfuric acid, respectively, in tests carried out at 13 °C and 2 bars of gauge pressure. The negative effect of scavengers that appear electrochemically along the production of ozone is very important and seems to be partially compensated when organics are present in the solution due to the competition between the reaction of these scavengers with ozone or organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodríguez-Peña
- Department of Chemical Engineering. School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J A Barrios Pérez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering. School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering. School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C E Barrera-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering. School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Isidro J, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo MA. Adapting the low-cost pre-disinfection column PREDICO for simultaneous softening and disinfection of pore water. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132334. [PMID: 34563766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In previous works, a low-cost predisinfection column that combined coagulation-flocculation and GAC filtration was proposed for combination with electrodisinfection in the successful treatment of highly faecal polluted surface water. In this work, this column is adapted for the treatment of pore water by transforming the coagulation chamber into a chemical reactor with lime and replacing the GAC of the filter with ion exchange resins. This adapted system can soften water, remove nitrate and condition water for very efficient electrochemical disinfection, where 4 logs and 3 logs in the removal of E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively, were reached using commercial electrochemical cells, i.e., CabECO ® or MIKROZON®. The availability and low cost of the technology are strong points for usage in poor areas of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Matthée
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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6
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Acosta-Santoyo G, León-Fernández LF, Bustos E, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Llanos J. Valorization of high-salinity effluents for CO 2 fixation and hypochlorite generation. Chemosphere 2021; 285:131359. [PMID: 34246099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is evaluated the fixation of carbon dioxide using the alkali generated in the chloralkaline process, as a new way to face the treatment of highly saline wastewater, in which it is aimed not to separate the wastewater into concentrated and diluted streams but to recover value-added products (VAPs) while contributing to minimize the carbon fingerprint of other processes. The electrolytic process is combined with a reactive absorption and with a crystallization, demonstrating the formation of pure nahcolite, hypochlorite (or chlorine) and hydrogen from the waste. Carbon dioxide is captured with a current efficiency over 90% and the energy required is around 0.65 kWh kg-1, which is very promising from the view point of sustainability, considering that the system can be easily powered with green energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Acosta-Santoyo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico
| | - Luis F León-Fernández
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Peña M, Barrios Pérez J, Llanos J, Saez C, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo M. Is ozone production able to explain the good performance of CabECO® technology in wastewater treatment? Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Delgado Y, Fernández-Morales FJ, Llanos J. An Old Technique with A Promising Future: Recent Advances in the Use of Electrodeposition for Metal Recovery. Molecules 2021; 26:5525. [PMID: 34576995 PMCID: PMC8465102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the first published works on electrodeposition dates from more than one century ago (1905), the uses of this technique in the recovery of metals are attracting an increasing interest from the scientific community in the recent years. Moreover, the intense use of metals in electronics and the necessity to assure a second life of these devices in a context of circular economy, have increased the interest of the scientific community on electrodeposition, with almost 3000 works published per year nowadays. In this review, we aim to revise the most relevant and recent publications in the application of electrodeposition for metal recovery. These contributions have been classified into four main groups of approaches: (1) treatment and reuse of wastewater; (2) use of ionic liquids; (3) use of bio-electrochemical processes (microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells) and (4) integration of electrodeposition with other processes (bioleaching, adsorption, membrane processes, etc.). This would increase the awareness about the importance of the technology and would serve as a starting point for anyone that aims to start working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.D.); (F.J.F.-M.)
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9
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Acosta-Santoyo G, León-Fernández LF, Bustos E, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M, Llanos J. On the production of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and peroxone in pressurized undivided electrochemical cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rodríguez-Peña M, Barrios Pérez J, Llanos J, Saez C, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo M. Electrochemical generation of ozone using a PEM electrolyzer at acidic pHs. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodríguez-Peña M, Pérez JB, Llanos J, Saez C, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo M. Understanding ozone generation in electrochemical cells at mild pHs. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo M. Electro-disinfection with BDD-electrodes featuring PEM technology. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo MA. Testing the use of cells equipped with solid polymer electrolytes for electro-disinfection. Sci Total Environ 2020; 725:138379. [PMID: 32278177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) coatings and faces this challenge by comparing the performance of two different cells manufactured by CONDIAS GmbH (Izehoe, Germany): CONDIACELL® ECWP and CabECO cells. They are both equipped with diamond electrodes, but the mechanical design is completely different, varying not only by geometry but also by the flow conditions. ECWP is a flow-through cell with perforated electrodes while the CabECO cell is a zero-gap cell with a proton exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) separating the anode and cathode. At 0.02 Ah dm-3 both cells attain around 3-5 logs pathogen removal, but design and sizing parameters give an advantage to the CabECO: it can minimize the production of chlorates and perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Brackemeyer
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Matthée
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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14
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo MA. How to avoid the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates during electro-disinfection with diamond anodes? J Environ Manage 2020; 265:110566. [PMID: 32275236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with diamond coatings avoiding or minimizing the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates using a special type of commercial cells designed by CONDIAS (Itzehoe, Germany) in two different sizes: the CabECO and the MIKROZON cells. In these cells, the electrolyte that separates the anode and cathode is a proton exchange membrane. This helps to minimize the production of perchlorate and this behavior is enhanced in the smallest cell for which the very low contact times between the electrodes and the water allows to avoid the production of perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Brackemeyer
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Matthée
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Is it worth using the coupled electrodialysis/electro-oxidation system for the removal of pesticides? Process modelling and role of the pollutant. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125781. [PMID: 31918095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the development of the electrodialysis/electro-oxidation (EDEO) technology, assessing the role of the pollutant and the modelling of the system in order to look for the key aspects for the development of the technology. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that electrodialysis can be properly used to concentrate clopyralid, having the selected ionic exchange membranes (AMX) an adsorption capacity of 1.64 ± 0.26 mg cm-2. Moreover, it was observed that BDD anodes exhibit a higher degradation and mineralization current efficiencies than MMO when using electro-oxidation (EO). The role of the supporting electrolyte was also assessed, observing a slight better performance of BDD with sulphate (maximum mineralization current efficiency of 80%) and a much superior degradation efficiency with chloride when selecting MMO as anode material. Regarding the EDEO technology, it was checked that this process only overcomes the performance of EO when using MMO anodes, a result that is explained by the ratio between degradation and transport rates. Finally, a simple model was presented and successfully used to predict the degradation rate constants and to simulate the performance of EDEO under different scenarios. These simulations confirm that the transport rate needs to overcome the degradation rate in order to assure a better performance of the EDEO system compared to the conventional EO. Moreover, the simulations explain the results obtained in the present and previous works revealing the key for a further development of the EDEO technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Acosta-Santoyo G, Llanos J, Raschitor A, Bustos E, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Performance of ultrafiltration as a pre-concentration stage for the treatment of oxyfluorfen by electrochemical BDD oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Acosta-Santoyo G, Raschitor A, Bustos E, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrochemically assisted dewatering for the removal of oxyfluorfen from a coagulation/flocculation sludge. J Environ Manage 2020; 258:110015. [PMID: 31929057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the evaluation of the electrochemical dewatering of sludge obtained in the coagulation of wastes polluted with oxyfluorfen. To do this, sludge samples were treated, aiming not only to reduce the sludge volume, but also to facilitate the degradation of oxyfluorfen contained in the cake via electrolysis with a boron-doped diamond anode. Results show that water can be effectively recovered through three sequential stages. First, a gravity-driven stage, that can recover around 60% of initial volume and where no oxyfluorfen is dragged. Then, a second stage that involves the application of pressure and which accounts for the recuperation of an additional 25% of the total volume of the water removed and in which oxyfluorfen also remained in the cake. Finally, an electrochemical stage, which involves the application of electricity with increasing electric fields (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 16.0 V cm-1), accounting for the recovery of the rest of water released and where an electrolytic degradation of oxyfluorfen is obtained, whose extension depends on the electrode configuration used in the electro-dewatering cell. This electrode configuration also influences the retention or loss of oxyfluorfen from the cake, being the optimum choice the placement of the cathode downstream, next to the outlet of the dewatering cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Acosta-Santoyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Improved electrolysis of colloid-polluted wastes using ultrasounds and electrocoagulation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Moraleda I, Oturan N, Saez C, Llanos J, Rodrigo MA, Oturan MA. A comparison between flow-through cathode and mixed tank cells for the electro-Fenton process with conductive diamond anode. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124854. [PMID: 31549676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focusses on the production of hydrogen peroxide and in the removal of bromacil by the electro-Fenton process using two different electrochemical cells: mixed tank cell (MTC) and flow-through cell (FTC). Both cells use boron doped diamond (BDD) as anode and carbon felt as cathode to promote the formation of hydrogen peroxide. In the case of the MTC, two surface area ratios, Acathode/Aanode, have been used. Results show that the H2O2 produced by MTC and FTCPSC increases with the time until a stabilization state. For the FTCPSC, the average hydrogen peroxide concentration produced increases progressively with the current, while for MTC the maximum values are found in applying very low current densities. In addition, the FTCPSC provides higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for the same current density applied. Regarding the MTC, it can be stated that the higher the area of the cathode, the higher is the amount of H2O2 produced and the lower is the cell voltage (because of a more efficient current lines distribution). The initial oxidation of bromacil is very efficiently attained being rapidly depleted from wastewater. However, the higher production of hydrogen peroxide obtained by the FTCPSC cell does not reflect on a better performance of the electro-Fenton process. Thus, bromacil is better mineralized using the MTC cell with the lowest cathode area. This observation has been explained because larger concentrations of produced hydrogen peroxide seems to benefit the oxidation of intermediates and not the mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moraleda
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Chemical Engineering Department, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - N Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - C Saez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Chemical Engineering Department, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Chemical Engineering Department, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Chemical Engineering Department, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella. Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France.
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Hahn B, Ortega H, Bogart M, Bell C, Packnett E, Manjelievskaia J, Llanos J. P203 REAL WORLD IMPACT OF MEPOLIZUMAB ON EXACERBATION REDUCTION AND ASSOCIATED COST IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ortega H, Hahn B, Bogart M, Bell C, Packnett E, Manjelievskaia J, Llanos J. P219 SEASONALITY OF ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH MEPOLIZUMAB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Ortega H, Bogart M, Llanos J, Mao J, Blauer-Peterson C, Hulbert E, Hahn B. P220 NEW MEPOLIZUMAB USERS: DO PATIENTS WHO SWITCH OR ADD THERAPY DIFFER FROM THOSE WHO DON’T? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silver J, Llanos J, Mayer B, Prazma C, Albers F. P218 GREATER EFFICACY OF MEPOLIZUMAB IN SEVERE EOSINOPHILIC ASTHMA WITH HIGH BASELINE BLOOD EOSINOPHIL COUNTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Combined electrochemical processes for the efficient degradation of non-polar organochlorine pesticides. J Environ Manage 2019; 248:109289. [PMID: 31344559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the development of efficient and economic electrochemical treatment processes to confront the treatment of liquid wastes containing non-polar organochlorine pesticides. In previous works, it was demonstrated that it is possible to use electrocoagulation (EC) as a concentration technique for a model organochlorine pesticide (oxyfluorfen). Within this framework, the present work describes a process for the degradation of wastes containing non-polar organochlorines (oxyfluorfen or lindane) in two consecutive stages: 1) a first stage of concentration by electrocoagulation; 2) a second stage of electrochemical degradation by electro-oxidation (EO) or electro-Fenton (EF). The first result reached in the present work is that it is possible to remove close to 50% of both pollutants using EO and more that 94% using EF. Additionally, it was proved that the addition of a pre-concentration stage decreases by a factor of 20 the power consumption needed to deplete by EO the same amount of the initial pollutant. Moreover, when EF process is performed to the concentrated stream, the power consumption is further reduced, getting values (for 1-log removal) as low as 14.51 kWh m-3 for oxyfluorfen decrease and 49.7 kWh m-3 for lindane. These results strengthen the fact that the removal efficiency increases with the concentration of the pollutant and demonstrate that the combination of concentration steps and electrochemical degradation technologies is an efficient and promising alternative for the degradation of non-polar organochlorines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raschitor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
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Moraleda I, Cotillas S, Llanos J, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Pupunat L, Rodrigo MA. Can the substrate of the diamond anodes influence on the performance of the electrosynthesis of oxidants? J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Llanos J, Moraleda I, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Electrochemical production of perchlorate as an alternative for the valorization of brines. Chemosphere 2019; 220:637-643. [PMID: 30599321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the valorization of brines, with concentrations similar to those produced by reverse osmosis or electrodialysis processes, by electrolysis with diamond anodes is evaluated. To do this, synthetic brines made from solutions of NaCl (with target concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 M and an additional test at 5.0 M) were used as the raw material for the electrochemical production of perchlorate using commercial electrochemical cells equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes. The effect of key parameters on the rate and efficiency of perchlorate production was evaluated. The results show that it is possible to transform more than 80% of the initial chloride concentration into perchlorate, with current efficiencies higher than 70% regardless of the initial concentration of sodium chloride contained in the brine. Moreover, it was observed that both hypochlorite and chlorate were produced almost simultaneously at the beginning of electrolysis, while perchlorate was only produced when a certain value of applied electric charge was passed through the system. The results obtained were essentially independent of the concentration of NaCl, as the high concentrations used in this study avoided mass transfer limitations. Moreover, the specific energy cost of perchlorate production was estimated to range from 26.14 kWh kg-1 (for 2.0 M and 1000 A m-2) to 56.10 kWh kg-1 (for 1.0 M and 2000 A m-2). According to the results obtained, the electrochemical production of perchlorate by BDD electrochemical oxidation stands out as a promising novel technology for the valorization of the brine produced in reverse osmosis or electrodialysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Moraleda
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Brackemeyer D, Cañizares P, Matthee T, Rodrigo MA. Can CabECO ® technology be used for the disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water? Chemosphere 2018; 209:346-352. [PMID: 29935463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water was studied using a new electrochemical cell (CabECO® cell, manufactured by CONDIAS) specifically designed to produce ozone in water with very low conductivity. The disinfection tests were carried out in a discontinuous mode to evaluate the influence of the electrode current charge passed. The effect of the current density was also studied in order to optimize the disinfection conditions and to simultaneously prevent the formation of undesirable by-products (chlorates and perchlorates) during the electrolysis. The results demonstrate that this technology is robust and efficient, and it can suitably disinfect water. During electrolysis, the chloride contained in the water was oxidized to hypochlorite, and this compound was combined with ammonia to form chloramines. Both hypochlorite and chloramines (formed by the well-known break point reaction) promoted persistent disinfection and seemed to be mainly responsible for the disinfection attained during the electrochemical process. Chlorate and perchlorate could also be produced, although the low concentrations of chloride in the tested water made them irrelevant. The removal of the total organic carbon under the applied operating conditions was not very efficient (although it reached 50% in 2 h) and the production of trihalomethanes was very low, below 100 ppb for all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Pre-disinfection columns to improve the performance of the direct electro-disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water. J Environ Manage 2018; 222:135-140. [PMID: 29807263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the design and evaluation of a new concept of pre-disinfection treatment that is especially suited for highly polluted surface water and is based on the combination of coagulation-flocculation, lamellar sedimentation and filtration into a single-column unit, in which the interconnection between treatments is an important part of the overall process. The new system, the so-called PREDICO (PRE-DIsinfection Column) system, was built with low-cost consumables from hardware stores (in order to promote in-house construction of the system in poor countries) and was tested with a mixture of 20% raw wastewater and 80% surface water (in order to simulate an extremely bad situation). The results confirmed that the PREDICO system helps to avoid fouling in later electro-disinfection processes and attains a remarkable degree of disinfection (3-4 log units), which supplements the removal of pathogens attained by the electrolytic cell (more than 4 log units). The most important sizing parameters for the PREDICO system are the surface loading rate (SLR) and the hydraulic residence time (HRT); SLR values under 20 cm min-1 and HRT values over 13.6 min in the PREDICO system are suitable to warrant efficient performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Pérez J, Llanos J, Sáez C, López C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. The pressurized jet aerator: A new aeration system for high-performance H2O2 electrolyzers. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Llanos J, Raschitor A, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Exploring the applicability of a combined electrodialysis/electro-oxidation cell for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cotillas S, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Clematis D, Cerisola G, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M. Removal of Procion Red MX-5B dye from wastewater by conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Llanos J, Brito I, Espinoza D, Sekar R, Manidurai P. A down-shifting Eu 3+-doped Y 2WO 6/TiO 2 photoelectrode for improved light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171054. [PMID: 29515831 PMCID: PMC5830720 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Y1.86Eu0.14WO6 phosphors were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. Their optical properties were analysed, and they was mixed with TiO2, sintered, and used as a photoelectrode (PE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The as-prepared photoelectrode was characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with TiO2:Y1.86Eu0.14WO6 (100:2.5) was 25.8% higher than that of a DSCC using pure TiO2 as PE. This high efficiency is due to the ability of the luminescent material to convert ultraviolet radiation from the sun to visible radiation, thus improving the solar light harvesting of the DSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Llanos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - I. Brito
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avda. Angamos 0601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - D. Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramkumar Sekar
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Concepcion, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - P. Manidurai
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Concepcion, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Llanos J, Moraleda I, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Optimization of a cell for the electrochemical synergistic production of peroxoacetic acid. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Pérez JF, Sáez C, Llanos J, Cañizares P, López C, Rodrigo MA. Improving the Efficiency of Carbon Cloth for the Electrogeneration of H2O2: Role of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Carbon Black Loading. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José F. Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Conrado López
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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35
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Pérez J, Galia A, Rodrigo M, Llanos J, Sabatino S, Sáez C, Schiavo B, Scialdone O. Effect of pressure on the electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide in undivided cells on carbon felt electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pérez J, Llanos J, Sáez C, López C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. A microfluidic flow-through electrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment: A proof-of-concept. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Novel integrated electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process for the efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Chemosphere 2017; 182:85-89. [PMID: 28494364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel approach of wastewater treatment technology that consists of a combined electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process, specially designed to allow increasing the efficiency in the oxidation of ionic organic pollutants contained in diluted waste. Respect to conventional electrolysis, the pollutant is simultaneously concentrated and oxidized, enhancing the performance of the cell due to the higher concentration achieved in the nearness of the anode. A proof of concept is tested with the ionic pesticide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and results show that the efficiency of this new technology overcomes that electrolysis by more than double, regardless the supporting electrolyte used (either NaCl or Na2SO4). Moreover, the removal rate of 2,4-D when using NaCl was found to be more efficient, due to the best performance of the electrode material selected (DSA®) towards the formation of oxidants in chloride supporting electrolyte. These results open the way for overcoming the efficiency limitations of electrochemical treatment processes for the treatment of solutions with low concentrated ionic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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38
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Pérez J, Llanos J, Sáez C, López C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. The jet aerator as oxygen supplier for the electrochemical generation of H2O2. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Pérez JF, Llanos J, Sáez C, López C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Treatment of real effluents from the pharmaceutical industry: A comparison between Fenton oxidation and conductive-diamond electro-oxidation. J Environ Manage 2017; 195:216-223. [PMID: 27530074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater produced in pharmaceutical manufacturing plants (PMPs), especially the one coming from organic-synthesis facilities, is characterized by its large variability due to the wide range of solvents and chemical reagents used in the different stages of the production of medicines. Normally, the toxicity of the organic compounds prevent the utilization of biological processes and more powerful treatments are needed becoming advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) a valid alternative. In this work, the efficiency in abatement of pollution by Fenton oxidation (FO) and conductive-diamond electro-oxidation (CDEO) are compared in the treatment of 60 real effluents coming from different processes carried out in a pharmaceutical facility, using standardized tests. In 80% of the samples, CDEO was found to be more efficient than FO and in the remaining 20%, coagulation was found to exhibit a great significance in the COD abatement mechanism during FO, pointing out the effectiveness of the oxidation promoted by the electrochemical technology. Mean oxidation state of carbon was found to be a relevant parameter to understand the behavior of the oxidation technologies. It varied inversely proportional to efficiency in FO and it showed practically no influence in the case of CDEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C López
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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40
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Muñoz M, Llanos J, Raschitor A, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrocoagulation as the Key for an Efficient Concentration and Removal of Oxyfluorfen from Liquid Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Muñoz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
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41
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Abstract
Inorganic phosphors based on monoclinic Y2WO6 doped with Eu3+ ions were prepared via conventional solid-state reactions at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Llanos
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
| | - D. Espinoza
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
- Departamento de Química
| | - R. Castillo
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
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42
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Vega M, Alemany P, Martin IR, Llanos J. Structural properties, Judd–Ofelt calculations, and near infrared to visible photon up-conversion in Er3+/Yb3+ doped BaTiO3 phosphors under excitation at 1500 nm. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and up-conversion properties of BaTiO3 phosphors doped with Er3+/Yb3+ have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vega
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - P. Alemany
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - I. R. Martin
- Departamento de Física
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN)
- Universidad de La Laguna
- Tenerife
- Spain
| | - J. Llanos
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
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Cortés-Adasme E, Vega M, Martin IR, Llanos J. Synthesis and characterization of SrSnO3 doped with Er3+ for up-conversion luminescence temperature sensors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08603b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work shows the results of the synthesis of SrSnO3:Er3+ (doped from 0% to 7% with Er3+) prepared using a sol–gel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Cortés-Adasme
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
| | - M. Vega
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
- Departamento de Química
| | - I. R. Martin
- Departamento de Física
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN)
- Universidad de La Laguna
- Tenerife
- Spain
| | - J. Llanos
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Católica del Norte
- Antofagasta
- Chile
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Cotillas S, de Vidales MJM, Llanos J, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrolytic and electro-irradiated processes with diamond anodes for the oxidation of persistent pollutants and disinfection of urban treated wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2016; 319:93-101. [PMID: 26832074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the advantages and drawbacks of the combination of UV irradiation with electrolysis with the aim to give insight about the feasibility of the application of this technology for the reclaiming of conventionally-treated wastewater. The oxidation of synthetic solutions containing five selected model complex pollutants has been compared, showing that UV irradiation improves the results of electrolysis for progesterone, metoprolol and caffeine and deteriorates the performance for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole and dimethyl-phthalate. Differences observed becomes lower when mineralization is compared showing that the effects of UV irradiation are diluted when a mixture of species is oxidized. Results suggest that high ThOD/TOC (Theoretical Oxygen Demand/Total Organic Carbon) ratios improve the synergistic coupling of technologies while low values lead to a clear antagonistic effect. Because during oxidation progress this ratio is decreased, the observed effect on mineralization is much lower than in the oxidation of the raw molecule. Opposite to this low effect on the oxidation of organics, the improvement in the performance of the disinfection by coupling UV to electrolysis is much clearer. In addition, UV irradiation modifies significantly the chlorine speciation and helps to prevent the formation of hazardous species such as chlorate and perchlorate during the electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María J Martín de Vidales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Cotillas S, Llanos J, Castro-Ríos K, Taborda-Ocampo G, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Synergistic integration of sonochemical and electrochemical disinfection with DSA anodes. Chemosphere 2016; 163:562-568. [PMID: 27570213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the disinfection actual urban wastewater by the combination of ultrasound (US) irradiation and electrodisinfection with Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA). First, the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) during the sonochemical disinfection was studied at increasing ultrasound power. Results showed that it was not possible to achieve a complete disinfection, even at the highest US power (200 W) dosed by the experimental device used. Next, the electrodisinfection with DSA anodes at different current densities was studied, finding that it was necessary a minimum current density of 11.46 A m(-2) to reach the complete disinfection. Finally, an integrated sonoelectrodisinfection process was studied. Results showed a synergistic effect when coupling US irradiation with DSA electrodisinfection, with a synergy coefficient higher than 200% of the disinfection rate attained for the highest US power applied. In this process, hypochlorite and chloramines were identified as the main reagents for the disinfection process (neither chlorate nor perchlorate were detected), and the presence of trihalomethanes was far below acceptable values. Confirming this synergistic effect with DSA anodes opens the door to novel efficient disinfection processes, limiting the occurrence of hazardous disinfection by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Katherin Castro-Ríos
- Chemical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Caldas, A.A. 265 Manizales, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo
- Chemical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Caldas, A.A. 265 Manizales, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Martín de Vidales MJ, Cotillas S, Perez-Serrano JF, Llanos J, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Scale-up of electrolytic and photoelectrolytic processes for water reclaiming: a preliminary study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:19713-22. [PMID: 27406224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the scale-up of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxidation processes with diamond anodes for the removal of organic pollutants and disinfection of treated urban wastewater, two of the most important parameters for the reclaiming of wastewater. The removal of organics was studied with actual biologically treated urban wastewater intensified with 100 mg dm(-3) of caffeine, added as a trace organic pollutant. The disinfection was also studied with biologically treated urban wastewater, and Escherichia coli was used to monitor the efficiency of the process. Results obtained with a single DiaCell® 101 were compared with those obtained with a single-stack DiaCell® 1001 and with a pilot plant made up of five of these stacks. Results obtained demonstrate that scale-up is not a simple but a very complex process, in which not only the electrode and the irradiation dose are important but also mass transfer conditions. Enhanced mass transport conditions have a determining and very positive effect on the removal of organics and a negative effect on the disinfection. Likewise, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation affects in a different way in the different setups used, having a great influence on the removal of complex organics and on the speciation of oxidants produced during disinfection. This works helps to understand the key differences observed in the scale-up, and it is a first approach for future works focused on the real application of conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Martín de Vidales
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José F Perez-Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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47
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Souza FL, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lanza MRV, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Performance of wind-powered soil electroremediation process for the removal of 2,4-D from soil. J Environ Manage 2016; 171:128-132. [PMID: 26861224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied a wind-powered electrokinetic soil flushing process for the removal of pesticides from soil. This approach aims to develop an eco-friendly electrochemical soil treatment technique and to face the in-situ treatment of polluted soils at remote locations. Herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is selected as a model pollutant for the soil treatment tests. The performance of the wind-powered process throughout a 15 days experiment is compared to the same remediation process powered by a conventional DC power supply. The wind-powered test covered many different wind conditions (from calm to near gale), being performed 20.7% under calm conditions and 17% under moderate or gentle breeze. According to the results obtained, the wind-powered soil treatment is feasible, obtaining a 53.9% removal of 2,4-D after 15 days treatment. Nevertheless, the remediation is more efficient if it is fed by a constant electric input (conventional DC power supply), reaching a 90.2% removal of 2,4-D with a much lower amount of charge supplied (49.2 A h kg(-1) and 4.33 A h kg(-1) for wind-powered and conventional) within the same operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Souza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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48
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Souza FL, Lanza MRV, Llanos J, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. A wind-powered BDD electrochemical oxidation process for the removal of herbicides. J Environ Manage 2015; 158:36-39. [PMID: 25950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the search for greener treatment technologies, this work studies the coupling of a wind turbine energy supply with an electrolytic cell (CWTEC device) for the remediation of wastewater polluted with pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The discontinuous and unforeseeable supply of energy is the main challenge inspiring this new proposal, which aims at reducing the environmental impact of electrolytic treatment by using a green energy supply. The results obtained using the coupled technologies are compared with those obtained by powering the electrolyser with a traditional power supply with a similar current intensity. The mineralisation of wastewater can be accomplished independently of how the electrolytic cell is powered, although differences in performance are clearly observed in the total organic carbon (TOC) and 2,4-D decays. These changes can be explained in terms of the changing profile of the current intensity, which influences the concentrations of the oxidants produced and thereby the mediated electrolytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Souza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Inarejos-García A, Mancebo-Campos V, Cañizares P, Llanos J. Physical-Chemical Characterization of Fruit Purees and Relationship with Sensory Analysis Carried out by Infants (12 to 24 mo). J Food Sci 2015; 80:E1005-11. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Mancebo-Campos
- Research and Development Dept. of Dulcinea Nutrición SL; Puertollano Spain
| | - P. Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Dept; Univ. of Castilla-La Mancha; Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Univ. s/n Ciudad Real 13005 Spain
| | - J. Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Dept; Univ. of Castilla-La Mancha; Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Univ. s/n Ciudad Real 13005 Spain
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de Vidales MJM, Sáez C, Pérez JF, Cotillas S, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Irradiation-assisted electrochemical processes for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-015-0825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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