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Growth of singletons born after frozen embryo transfer until early adulthood: a Finnish register study. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:604-611. [PMID: 38177081 PMCID: PMC10905505 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there growth differences between singleton children born after frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (ET), and natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Adolescent boys born after FET have a higher mean proportion and increased odds of overweight compared to those born after fresh ET. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Children born after FET have higher mean birthweights and an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age compared to those born after fresh ET and even NC. This raises questions about possible growth differences later in childhood. Previous studies on child growth after FET report partly conflicting results and lack long-term data until adolescence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a cohort study based on national population-based registers, the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Register of Primary Health Care visits, including singletons born after FET (n = 1825), fresh ET (n = 2933), and NC (n = 31 136) in Finland between the years 1995 and 2006. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The proportions of overweight (i.e. age- and sex-adjusted ISO-BMI for children ≥ 25) were compared between the groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of overweight were calculated. Adjustments were made for birth year, preterm birth, maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic status. Mean heights, weights, and BMIs were compared between the groups each year between the ages of 7 and 18. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE FET boys had a higher mean proportion of overweight (28%) compared to fresh ET (22%, P < 0.001) and NC (26%, P = 0.014) boys. For all ages combined, the aOR of overweight was increased (1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) for FET boys compared to fresh ET boys. For girls, the mean proportions of overweight were 18%, 19%, and 22% for those born after FET, fresh ET, and NC, respectively (P = 0.169 for FET vs fresh ET, P < 0.001 for FET vs NC). For all ages combined, FET girls had a decreased aOR of overweight (0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) compared to NC girls. Growth measurements were available for 6.9% to 30.6% of FET boys and for 4.7% to 29.4% of FET girls at different ages. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Unfortunately, we were not able to adjust for parental anthropometric characteristics. The growth data were not available for the whole cohort, and the proportion of children with available measurements was limited at the start and end of the follow-up. During the study period, mainly cleavage stage embryos were transferred, and slow freezing was used for ART. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The risk of overweight among FET boys warrants further research. Future studies should aim to investigate the mechanisms that explain this sex-specific finding and combine growth data with long-term health data to explore the possible risks of overweight and cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was obtained from the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, the Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation (personal grants to A.M.T.), and the Finnish Government Research Funding. The funding sources were not involved in the planning or execution of the study. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Ground-Based Mobile Measurements to Track Urban Methane Emissions from Natural Gas in 12 Cities across Eight Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2271-2281. [PMID: 38270974 PMCID: PMC10851421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate methane emission from urban natural gas distribution systems, it is crucial to understand local leak rates and occurrence rates. To explore urban methane emissions in cities outside the U.S., where significant emissions were found previously, mobile measurements were performed in 12 cities across eight countries. The surveyed cities range from medium size, like Groningen, NL, to large size, like Toronto, CA, and London, UK. Furthermore, this survey spanned across European regions from Barcelona, ES, to Bucharest, RO. The joint analysis of all data allows us to focus on general emission behavior for cities with different infrastructure and environmental conditions. We find that all cities have a spectrum of small, medium, and large methane sources in their domain. The emission rates found follow a heavy-tailed distribution, and the top 10% of emitters account for 60-80% of total emissions, which implies that strategic repair planning could help reduce emissions quickly. Furthermore, we compare our findings with inventory estimates for urban natural gas-related methane emissions from this sector in Europe. While cities with larger reported emissions were found to generally also have larger observed emissions, we find clear discrepancies between observation-based and inventory-based emission estimates for our 12 cities.
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Conserved lysine residues in decorin binding proteins of Borrelia garinii are critical in adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1395-1409. [PMID: 33512032 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes (Lyme borreliae). When the disease affects the central nervous system, it is referred to as neuroborreliosis. In Europe, neuroborreliosis is most often caused by Borrelia garinii. Although it is known that in the host Lyme borreliae spread from the tick bite site to distant tissues via the blood vasculature, the adherence of Lyme borreliae to human brain microvascular endothelial cells has not been studied before. Decorin binding proteins are adhesins expressed on Lyme borreliae. They mediate the adhesion of Lyme borreliae to decorin and biglycan, and the lysine residues located in the binding site of decorin binding proteins are important to the binding activity. In this study, we show that lysine residues located in the canonical binding site can also be found in decorin binding proteins of Borrelia garinii, and that these lysines contribute to biglycan and decorin binding. Most importantly, we show that the lysine residues are crucial for the binding of Lyme borreliae to decorin and biglycan expressing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which in turn suggests that they are involved in the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis.
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Brachytherapy Mesh for Margin Enhancement after Resection of Recurrent Malignancy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O-10 Trastuzumab with trimodality treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma with HER2 overexpression: NRG Oncology/RTOG 1010. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Preperitoneal Fat Grafting Inhibits the Formation of Intra-abdominal Adhesions in Mice. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:2838-2848. [PMID: 31823326 PMCID: PMC7674570 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion formation contributes to postoperative complications in abdominal and gynaecological surgery. Thus far, the prevention and treatment strategies have focused on mechanical barriers in solid and liquid form, but these methods are not in routine use. As autologous fat grafting has become popular in treatment of hypertrophic scars because of its immunomodulatory effects, we postulated that fat grafting could also prevent peritoneal adhesion through similar mechanisms. METHODS This was a control versus intervention study to evaluate the effect of fat grafting in the prevention on peritoneal adhesion formation. An experimental mouse model for moderate and extensive peritoneal adhesions was used (n = 4-6 mice/group). Adhesions were induced mechanically, and a free epididymal fat graft from wild type or CAG-DsRed mice was injected preperitoneally immediately after adhesion induction. PET/CT imaging and scaling of the adhesions were performed, and samples were taken for further analysis at 7 and 30 days postoperation. Macrophage phenotyping was further performed from peritoneal lavage samples, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mesothelial layer recovery were analysed from peritoneal tissue samples. RESULTS Fat grafting significantly inhibited the formation of adhesions. PET/CT results did not show prolonged inflammation in any of the groups. While the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic IL-10 was significantly increased in the peritoneum of the fat graft-treated group at 7 days, tissue-resident and repairing M2 macrophages could no longer be detected in the fat graft at this time point. The percentage of the continuous, healed peritoneum as shown by Keratin 8 staining was greater in the fat graft-treated group after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Fat grafting can inhibit the formation of peritoneal adhesions in mice. Our results suggest that fat grafting promotes the peritoneal healing process in a paracrine manner thereby enabling rapid regeneration of the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer.
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Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Biglycan Knockout Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:116-126. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Borrelia afzelii alters reproductive success in a rodent host. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181056. [PMID: 30068677 PMCID: PMC6111163 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a pathogen on the fitness and behaviour of its natural host depends upon the host-parasite relationship in a given set of environmental conditions. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of Borrelia afzelii, one of the aetiological agents of Lyme disease in humans, on the fitness of its natural rodent host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), in semi-natural conditions with two contrasting host population densities. Our results show that B. afzelii can modify the reproductive success and spacing behaviour of its rodent host, whereas host survival was not affected. Infection impaired the breeding probability of large bank voles. Reproduction was hastened in infected females without alteration of the offspring size at birth. At low density, infected males produced fewer offspring, fertilized fewer females and had lower mobility than uninfected individuals. Meanwhile, the infection did not affect the proportion of offspring produced or the proportion of mating partner in female bank voles. Our study is the first to show that B. afzelii infection alters the reproductive success of the natural host. The effects observed could reflect the sickness behaviour due to the infection or they could be a consequence of a manipulation of the host behaviour by the bacteria.
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P1.08-010 Unsuspected N2 Disease in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Role of Extent and Location of the Lymph Node Metastasis. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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O-136ROLE OF SURGERY IN MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA IN A FINNISH COHORT OF 1011 PATIENTS BETWEEN 2000 AND 2012. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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F-123PREOPERATIVE STENTING IN OESOPHAGEAL CANCER DOES NOT HAVE AN EFFECT FOR SURVIVAL, DISEASE PROGRESSION OR COMPLICATIONS: A PROPENSITY-MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Operative results of 12 patients with graft-enteric fistula (GEF) and two patients with graft-enteric erosion (GEE) operated on at our department be tween 1974 and 1984 were analyzed. Preoperative gastrointestinal bleeding was noted in all patients and pre sented as melena in 11 (79%), hematemesis in 10 (71 %), and hematochezia in 7 (50%). Eleven of 14 patients had signs of infection with fever, leukocytosis and hy persedimentation. Preoperative aortography or barium contrast studies were performed in 10 patients, but none of these investigations were diagnostic. Extirpation of prosthesis and closure of the bowel was performed in 10 pa tients. Operative mortality was 64,3%. It is concluded that GEF or GEE must be suspected in all patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding after reconstructive aortic surgery. Immediate laparotomy with extensive and careful exploration of the graft region is the best and safest diagnostic procedure. Fibre-optic endoscopy of the upper gastroin testinal tract performed on the operating table is a reasonable investigation to rule out other causes of bleeding. Total graft excision with axillofemoral recon struction gives the best survival rates.
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Flow-Tolerant Adhesion of a Bacterial Pathogen to Human Endothelial Cells Through Interaction With Biglycan. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1623-31. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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F-119PATIENTS WITH BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUS AND ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE OESOPHAGUS AND OESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION HAVE INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS ALSO IN PROXIMAL STOMACH. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P-174LONG-TERM QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS OPERATED ON FOR STAGE I NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: COMPARISON OF VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC SURGERY AND THORACOTOMY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Decorin binding proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi promote arthritis development and joint specific post-treatment DNA persistence in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121512. [PMID: 25816291 PMCID: PMC4376631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpA and B) of Borrelia burgdorferi are of critical importance for the virulence of the spirochete. The objective of the present study was to further clarify the contribution of DbpA and B to development of arthritis and persistence of B. burgdorferi after antibiotic treatment in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. With that goal, mice were infected with B. burgdorferi strains expressing either DbpA or DbpB, or both DbpA and B, or with a strain lacking the adhesins. Arthritis development was monitored up to 15 weeks after infection, and bacterial persistence was studied after ceftriaxone and immunosuppressive treatments. Mice infected with the B. burgdorferi strain expressing both DbpA and B developed an early and prominent joint swelling. In contrast, while strains that expressed DbpA or B alone, or the strain that was DbpA and B deficient, were able to colonize mouse joints, they caused only negligible joint manifestations. Ceftriaxone treatment at two or six weeks of infection totally abolished joint swelling, and all ceftriaxone treated mice were B. burgdorferi culture negative. Antibiotic treated mice, which were immunosuppressed by anti-TNF-alpha, remained culture negative. Importantly, among ceftriaxone treated mice, B. burgdorferi DNA was detected by PCR uniformly in joint samples of mice infected with DbpA and B expressing bacteria, while this was not observed in mice infected with the DbpA and B deficient strain. In conclusion, these results show that both DbpA and B adhesins are crucial for early and prominent arthritis development in mice. Also, post-treatment borrelial DNA persistence appears to be dependent on the expression of DbpA and B on B. burgdorferi surface. Results of the immunosuppression studies suggest that the persisting material in the joints of antibiotic treated mice is DNA or DNA containing remnants rather than live bacteria.
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Perioperative complications after cemented or uncemented hemiarthroplasty in hip fracture patients. Scand J Surg 2014; 102:124-8. [PMID: 23820689 DOI: 10.1177/1457496913482249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasties are acceptable methods for treating displaced femoral neck fractures. Cemented hemiarthroplasty has traditionally been recommended as being more safe and reliable. However, the cementing process carries a risk of fat embolism and cardiovascular problems. This study attempted to determine whether these complications can be avoided when using a modern uncemented stem. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively compared 222 hip fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty in our hospital. A total of 100 of these patients were treated with a hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented hemiendoprosthesis (Bi-Metric BFx) and 122 patients with a cemented hemiendoprosthesis (Lubinus SPII). Information on mortality and complications during the first 18.7 months was retrieved from patient files. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Nine perioperative fat-embolic events were found in the cemented group and none in the uncemented group. During the initial hospital treatment, there were five deaths (4.1%) in the cemented group and one death (1%) in the uncemented group. There were significantly more perioperative fractures in the uncemented versus cemented group (7% versus 0.8%). We conclude that uncemented hemiarthroplasty is associated with more perioperative fractures than cemented hemiarthroplasty. However, perioperative cardiovascular disturbances may be less frequent with uncemented hemiarthroplasty, and early mortality may be lower with uncemented hemiarthroplasty.
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New ecological wood–plastic composite materials for scaphoid-type casting: Material properties and clinical evaluation. HAND THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1758998314538241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Immobilisation of limbs using splints and casts is a common procedure in both conservative and operative treatments. The most common splint materials are plaster-of-Paris, fibreglass and polyester cast materials. Despite the advantages of increased strength and comfort using fibreglass and polyester cast materials, disadvantages due to toxic and harmful components, such as cyanites, resulting in asthmatic responses have also been reported. Methods A new ecologically friendly, wood–plastic composite casting material was evaluated in a prospective study of 67 operatively treated patients needing a post-operative scaphoid-type cast. Thirty-seven patients (26 females and 11 males, mean age 53 years) were treated with a cast made of WOODCAST® 2 mm and WOODCAST® Ribbon, and another 30 patients (19 females and 11 males, mean age 53 years) were treated with a cast made of WOODCAST® Soft and WOODCAST® Ribbon. The casts were either removable or non-removable. Mechanical stiffness properties of cylindrical WOODCAST® materials were also tested using a testing machine (LLOYD LR30K, Lloyd Instruments, Southampton, UK). Results The cast material was easy to handle without gloves. The pre-heated self-adhesive materials became completely three-dimensional-mouldable and could easily be cut with scissors. The median time in the cast was 4 weeks. Fifty-six patients responded to a questionnaire: Out of 56 patients, 36 considered the cast to be very comfortable or comfortable, 11 were neutral and four did not answer the question. The mechanical testing showed that the novel WOODCAST® materials can be used in different kinds of casting. Conclusion The ecological wood–plastic composite materials represent sustainable development in the field of casting materials.
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CXCL13 and neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and other diseases that cause neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:103. [PMID: 24920219 PMCID: PMC4070086 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is partly based on the detection of intrathecal Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibody production (increased antibody index (AI)). However, AI can be negative in patients with early LNB and, conversely, can remain elevated for months after antibiotic treatment. Recent studies suggested that the chemokine CXCL13 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biomarker for active LNB. Also, CSF neopterin-level determination has been used to assess the degree of neuroinflammation in a wide variety of diseases. METHODS CXCL13 concentrations were analyzed in CSF samples of 366 retrospectively identified individuals. The samples represented pretreatment LNB (38 patients), non-LNB comparison patients, tick-borne encephalitis, central nervous system (CNS) varicella zoster virus infection, CNS herpes simplex virus infection, CNS HHV6 infection, CNS enterovirus infection, and untreated neurosyphilis. The panel included also samples from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory conditions. Of the LNB patients, 24 posttreatment CSF samples were available for CXCL13 analysis. Neopterin concentrations were determined in a subset of these samples. RESULTS The CXCL13 concentrations in CSF samples of untreated LNB patients were significantly higher (median, 6,480 pg/ml) than the concentrations in the non-LNB group (median, <7.8 pg/ml), viral CNS infection samples (median, <7.8 pg/ml), or samples from patients with noninfectious neuroinflammatory conditions (median, <7.8 pg/ml). The use of cut-off 415 pg/ml led to a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.7% for the diagnosis of LNB in these samples. CSF CXCL13 median concentrations declined significantly from 16,770 pg/ml before to 109 pg/ml after the treatment.CSF neopterin concentration was significantly higher among the untreated LNB patients than in the non-LNB group. The use of neopterin concentration 10.6 nM as the cut-off led to a sensitivity of 88.6% and a specificity of 65.0% for the diagnosis of LNB. The CSF neopterin concentrations decreased statistically significantly with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate that highly elevated CSF CXCL13 levels are strongly associated with untreated LNB. CXCL13 outperformed neopterin and appears to be an excellent biomarker in differentiating LNB from viral CNS infections and from other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Deformation of articular cartilage during static loading of a knee joint--experimental and finite element analysis. J Biomech 2014; 47:2467-74. [PMID: 24813824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel conical beam CT-scanners offer high resolution imaging of knee structures with i.a. contrast media, even under weight bearing. With this new technology, we aimed to determine cartilage strains and meniscal movement in a human knee at 0, 1, 5, and 30 min of standing and compare them to the subject-specific 3D finite element (FE) model. The FE model of the volunteer׳s knee, based on the geometry obtained from magnetic resonance images, was created to simulate the creep. The effects of collagen fibril network stiffness, nonfibrillar matrix modulus, permeability and fluid flow boundary conditions on the creep response in cartilage were investigated. In the experiment, 80% of the maximum strain in cartilage developed immediately, after which the cartilage continued to deform slowly until the 30 min time point. Cartilage strains and meniscus movement obtained from the FE model matched adequately with the experimentally measured values. Reducing the fibril network stiffness increased the mean strains substantially, while the creep rate was primarily influenced by an increase in the nonfibrillar matrix modulus. Changing the initial permeability and preventing fluid flow through noncontacting surfaces had a negligible effect on cartilage strains. The present results improve understanding of the mechanisms controlling articular cartilage strains and meniscal movements in a knee joint under physiological static loading. Ultimately a validated model could be used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to locate cartilage areas at risk for degeneration.
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Abstract
The authors describe their experience in the treatment of 83 Boerhaave patients. During the last few years the mortality of the disease has decreased. A successful treatment requires good treatment resources and experienced team work. The tailored open primary repair technique with fundic reinforcement, developed by the authors, is described in detail. This technique has decreased the amount of postoperative fistulation and esophageal resection. The mortality after stenting was 20%.
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Escherichia coli biofilm formation and recurrences of urinary tract infections in children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:111-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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P-190COMPARISON OF INTRATHORACIC MINIMALLY INVASIVE STAPLED AND OPEN HAND-SEWN ANASTOMOSIS AFTER OESOPHAGECTOMY FOR OESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt288.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P-146LUNG CANCER SURGERY CAUSES A PERMANENTLY DECREASED HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN LONG-TERM SURVIVORS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt288.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort. Psychol Med 2013; 43:881-894. [PMID: 22850434 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200164x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychobiological model of personality by Cloninger and colleagues originally hypothesized that interindividual variability in the temperament dimension 'harm avoidance' (HA) is explained by differences in the activity of the brain serotonin system. We assessed brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy individuals with high or low HA scores using an 'oversampling' study design. Method Subjects consistently in either upper or lower quartiles for the HA trait were selected from a population-based cohort in Finland (n = 2075) with pre-existing Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores. A total of 22 subjects free of psychiatric and somatic disorders were included in the matched high- and low-HA groups. The main outcome measure was regional 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) in high- and low-HA groups estimated with PET and [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]MADAM). In secondary analyses, 5-HTT BPND was correlated with other TCI dimensions. RESULTS 5-HTT BPND did not differ between high- and low-HA groups in the midbrain or any other brain region. This result remained the same even after adjusting for other relevant TCI dimensions. Higher 5-HTT BPND in the raphe nucleus predicted higher scores in 'self-directedness'. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support an association between the temperament dimension HA and serotonin transporter density in healthy subjects. However, we found a link between high serotonin transporter density and high 'self-directedness' (ability to adapt and control one's behaviour to fit situations in accord with chosen goals and values). We suggest that biological factors are more important in explaining variability in character than previously thought.
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Decorin binding by DbpA and B of Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Stricto. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:65-73. [PMID: 21628660 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decorin adherence is crucial in the pathogenesis of Lyme borreliosis. Decorin-binding proteins (Dbp) A and B are the adhesins that mediate this interaction. DbpA and B of Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) differ in their amino acid sequence, but little attention has been paid to the potential difference in their decorin binding. METHODS We expressed recombinant DbpA and DbpB of B. garinii, B. afzelii, and B. burgdorferi ss and studied their binding to decorin. We also generated recombinant Borrelia strains to study the role of DbpA and DbpB in the adhesion of live spirochetes to decorin and decorin-expressing cells. RESULTS. Recombinant DbpA of B. garinii and DbpB of B. garinii and B. burgdorferi ss showed strong binding to decorin, whereas DbpA of B. burgdorferi ss and both DbpA and DbpB of B. afzelii exhibited no or only minor binding activity. DbpA and DbpB of B. garinii and B. burgdorferi ss also supported the adhesion of whole spirochetes to decorin and decorin-expressing cells, whereas DbpA and DbpB of B. afzelii did not exhibit this activity. CONCLUSIONS Dbp A and B of B. garinii and B. burgdorferi ss mediate the interaction between the spirochete and decorin, whereas the same adhesins of B. afzelii show only negligible activity.
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Serotonin receptor 2A gene moderates the effect of childhood maternal nurturance on adulthood social attachment. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:702-9. [PMID: 21649857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to form and maintain attachment relations with other people is crucial for mental health and well-being. The origins of attachment behaviors are often assumed to be in early experiences with other people, especially with primary caregivers. Preliminary evidence suggests that serotonergic system may be involved in attachment behaviors. We examined whether the T102C variant of the serotonin receptor 2A gene moderates the effect of childhood maternal nurturance on social attachment in adulthood. The participants were 1070 women and men from the Young Finns Study with 27-year follow-up and two measurement times for the outcomes (n = 1836 person observations). Mothers reported their relationship quality with their children (participants) in childhood or adolescence. Social attachment was assessed by participant's self-reports on two measures (reward dependence scale of the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Relationship Questionnaire). High childhood maternal nurturance predicted high reward dependence and low avoidant attachment in carriers of the T/T genotype but not in the T/C or C/C genotype groups, while low maternal nurturance was associated with low reward dependence and high avoidant attachment in T/T genotype carriers but not in C allele carriers. Our result suggests that T/T genotype carriers were more influenced by their childhood nurturing environment, than their C allele carrying counterparts, thus providing evidence for differential susceptibility to childhood nurturing environment associated with the HTR2A gene.
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Bioactive glass S53P4 as bone graft substitute in treatment of osteomyelitis. Bone 2010; 47:212-8. [PMID: 20624692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass (BAG)-S53P4 is an osteoconductive bone substitute with proven antibacterial and bone bonding properties. In a multicentre study 11 patients with verified chronic osteomyelitis in the lower extremity and the spine were treated with BAG-S53P4 as a bone substitute. The cavitary bone defect and the surrounding of a spinal implant were filled with BAG-S53P4. The most common pathogen causing the infection was Staphylococcus aureus. The mean follow-up was 24 months (range 10-38). BAG-S53P4 was well tolerated. Nine patients healed without complications. One patient who achieved good bone formation sustained a superficial wound infection due to vascular problems in the muscle flap, and one patient had an infection due to a deep haematoma. This study shows that BAG-S53P4 is a good and well-tolerated bone substitute, and can be used in treatment of osteomyelitis with good primary results.
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High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) in osteoarthritic cartilage. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28:511-518. [PMID: 20659415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nucleosomal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is translocated and released from necrotic and activated cells as an endogenous danger signal (alarmin) and cytokine. It was hypothesised that it plays a role in osteoarthritis (OA). characterised by cellular activation, inflammation and enchondral bone formation. METHODS Bovine knee joint samples, collected from culled animals, were scored using histologic/histochemical grading to intact looking, mild, moderate or severe and immunohistochemically stained for HMGB-1. Chondrocyte pellets, produced from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), were similarly stained. RESULTS In healthy looking OA cartilage chondrocyte nuclei were usually HMGB-1 negative and in mild OA staining was restricted to nuclei. In moderate OA lesions HMGB-1 was also seen in the cytoplasm and occasionally pericellular matrix and in severe OA lesions often also in intra- and inter-territorial matrix. The tidemark in healthy cartilage did not contain HMGB-1, which however was seen at this interface as linear deposits even in intact-looking and mild OA lesions, as multiple wave-like deposits in moderate and as heavy granular deposits in severe lesions. TNF-alpha stimulation of chondrocytes caused translocation of HMGB-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS In resting chondrocytes tight nucleosomal HMGB-1 binding might cause steric hindrance of immunostaining. TNF-alpha- or OA-mediated activation leads to nuclear staining and cytoplasmic translocation. Advancing OA leads to increasingly intense extra-/pericellular deposition of HMGB-1 alarmin, indicating local chondrocyte activation and/or necrosis. In particular, HMGB-1 at the tidemark might play a role in the pathological thickening of subchondral bone plate/osteophyte formation.
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Attachment Patterns and Working Alliance in Trauma Therapy for Victims of Political Violence. Psychother Res 2010; 10:435-49. [DOI: 10.1093/ptr/10.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Does genetic background moderate the association between parental education and school achievement? GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 9:318-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Late mesh migration through the stomach wall after laparoscopic refundoplication using a dual-sided PTFE/ePTFE mesh. Hernia 2010; 15:217-20. [PMID: 20130942 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-010-0633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare complication after laparoscopic fundoplication using a dual-sided PTFE/ePTFE (Bard® Crurasoft™) mesh fixation. A 53-year-old man was re-operated for a recurrent hiatal hernia. The hiatal hernia was reinforced using a mesh. Two years later, the patient presented with serious dysphagia and weight loss. An endoscopy revealed a migrated mesh in the stomach. The mesh was excreted within the stool without notice. The PTFE/ePTFE mesh, which is designed for treating hiatal defects, is considered to have superior tissue incorporation, together with less adhesion formation and fistulation. As mesh migration into the upper gastrointestinal tract is possible, it should be used with great care in the peri-oesophageal region.
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Pro-inflammatory, pleiotropic, and anti-inflammatory TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 in experimental porcine intervertebral disk degeneration. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:1292-300. [PMID: 19605905 DOI: 10.1354/vp.07-vp-0179-k-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to check the balance between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in well-developed end-stage disk disease in the disk itself as well as in paradiskal spine. In 6 domestic pigs the cranial bony end plate of the L4 vertebra was perforated to the nucleus pulposus. At 3 months the degenerated experimental and contiguous control disks, together with the adjoining bony and cartilaginous vertebral end plates, bone marrow, and spinal ligaments, were excised and used for immunohistochemical analysis. In general, there were more TNF-alpha and in particular IL-10 positive cells in the degenerated disks than in the control disks, whereas the number of IL-6 labeled cells did not differ among sites or between control and experimental intervertebral disks. These results suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-10 are involved in the late reparatory phases of the experimental disk lesion. Use of an experimental model showed that strictly disk-directed manipulation and degeneration are also reflected in the contiguous vertebrae, including adjoining cartilage, bone, marrow, and ligaments.
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Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in an experimental intervertebral disc degeneration. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:299-306. [PMID: 19473572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to clarify the role of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the process of discus degeneration and spondylarthrosis. It was hypothesized that experimental discus lesion would initiate not only local bone remodelling but also increased osteoclast formation on a location remote to the injury site due to altered spinal biomechanics. It was speculated that these changes in vertebral bone remodelling could be reflected in an increased RANKL expression. METHODS The presence of RANKL in the spine was studied in an experimental perforating lesion of the cranial endplate of L4 and the adjoining disc in six domestic pigs and in one human herniated disc. After three months, the experimental and contiguous control vertebrae, complete with intervertebral discs, were subjected for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS This is the first study to show that RANKL was locally seen (produced) in osteoblasts, fibroblasts replacing annulocytes and mesenchymal bone marrow cells and, in part, apparently bound to the surface of osteoclasts and macrophage-like prefusion macrophages. Such RANKL induction was also seen at sites remote from the experimental lesion driving the whole process. More RANKL-positive cells were found in close proximity to the endplate than in the central parts of the vertebrae. Osteocytes in bone matrix and most bone marrow cells in the marrow microenvironment showed no RANKL staining. Human annulus fibrosus also contained RANKL, RANK and OPG. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that RANKL is produced locally, also in soluble form, at the site of injury and also in intact vertebrae and bony structures likely due to altered biomechanics. It seems to be engaged in bone healing and remodelling, essentially proving our working hypothesis. These secondary bone changes could represent part of the degenerative spine disease (spondylarthrosis). RANKL inhibitors, like recombinant human osteoprotegerin (OPG), could be interesting drugs to test, not only in osteoporosis, but also in spondylarthrosis.
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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors coincide with blood vessel in-growth and reactive bone remodelling in experimental intervertebral disc degeneration. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:1018-1026. [PMID: 19210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze immunohistochemically the localization of the VEGF receptors in experimental intervertebral disc degeneration tissues in a pig model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In six domestic pigs, the cranial bony endplate of the L4 vertebra were perforated into the nucleus pulposus. Three months postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed and the experimental and control vertebrae, complete with intervertebral discs, were excised and subjected for immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) along with VEGF - A, -C, -D and blood and lymphatic vessel markers vWF and LYVE-1. RESULTS The results of immunohistochemical analysis of experimental samples showed VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) expression in intervertebral disc and all paradiscal tissues studied. In control samples expression of VEGFR-1 was lower and absent in the intervertebral discs. Comparatively less of VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) and VEGFR-3 (Flt-4) than VEGFR-1was found in degenerated intervertebral discs and paradiscal tissues. In contiguous control intervertebral discs and control paradiscal tissues VEGFR-2 and-3 receptors were expressed to a lower extent than in experimental tissues or were even totally absent. Also growth factors VEGF-A, -C, -D, as well as von Willebrand factor and to a much lower extent LYVE-1 were differently expressed in experimental and control intervertebral discs. CONCLUSION In experimental intervertebral disc degeneration, VEGF receptors were expressed in the damaged disc and paradiscal tissues. In the same tissues, VEGF-A, -C, and -D, signs of blood and lymphatic vessel in-growth and reactive/adaptive vertebral bone remodelling were found.
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Long-term indwelling pleural catheter (PleurX) for malignant pleural effusion unsuitable for talc pleurodesis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008; 35:546-51. [PMID: 18644696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Talc pleurodesis using talc slurry via chest tube is a primary option in malignant pleural effusion, since life expectancy is short and surgical decortication is hazardous. Incomplete lung expansion after fluid evacuation, and/or excessive fluid secretion predicts failure of pleurodesis. A mini-invasive alternative was investigated. METHODS Between March 2004 and September 2005, 51 consecutive patients with malignant pleural effusion, and clinically considered unsuitable for talc pleurodesis, received an indwelling pleural catheter (Denver PleurX). In 47, implantation was done bedside using local anaesthesia. There were 24 men and 27 women, median age 63 (range 36-85) years, receiving 39 right side, 10 left side, and 2 bilateral catheters. There were 19 non-small cell lung cancer cases, 7 mesothelioma, and 25 with other malignancy. Chemotherapy was being given to 18 patients and was not interrupted. RESULTS Discharge to home was possible in 71% (36 of 71 patients) on the following day. At 2 years follow-up in September 2007, one patient was alive. Mean survival was 3 months (range 5 days to 37+months) for all patients, with best median survivals of 5.5-6 months in breast and ovarian cancer. Catheter was removed or replaced in 15% (8 of 51 patients) due to infection, air leak, or blockage. One patient requested decortication for excessive fluid secretion. None required surgery or died due to catheter-related complications. Pleural fusion with subsequent catheter removal was achieved in 21% (11 of 51 patients). CONCLUSIONS An indwelling pleural catheter is a safe alternative for patients with malignant pleural effusion unsuitable for talc pleurodesis. In some, pleural fusion may be achieved.
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Special modes of corrosion under physiological and simulated physiological conditions. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:468-76. [PMID: 18226986 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review those aspects of corrosion behaviour that are most relevant to the clinical application of implant alloys. The special modes of corrosion encountered by implant alloys are presented. The resistance of the different materials against the most typical corrosion modes (pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and fretting corrosion) is compared, together with observations of metal ion release from different biomaterials. A short section is dedicated to possible galvanic effects in cases when different types of materials are combined in a biomedical device. The different topics covered are introduced from the viewpoint of materials science, and then placed into the context of medicine and clinical experience.
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Changing the adenovirus fiber for retaining gene delivery efficacy in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Gene Ther 2008; 15:921-9. [PMID: 18401431 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prior infection has primed most adult humans for a rapid neutralizing antibody (NAb) response when re-exposed to adenovirus. NAb induction can severely limit the efficacy of systemic re-administration of adenoviral gene therapy. We hypothesized that changing the fiber knob could overcome NAb. Immune-competent mice were exposed to serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad5)(GL), Ad5/3luc1, Ad5lucRGD or Ad5pK7(GL). Mice immunized with Ad5(GL) featured reduced intravenous Ad5(GL) gene transfer to most organs, including the liver, lung and spleen. Ad5(GL) gene transfer was affected much less by exposure to capsid-modified viruses. Anti-Ad5(GL) NAb blocked intravenous Ad5(GL) gene transfer to orthotopic lung cancer xenografts, whereas capsid-modified viruses were not affected. When gene transfer to fresh cancer and normal lung explants was analyzed, we found that capsid-modified viruses allowed effective gene delivery to tumors in the presence of anti-Ad5(GL) NAb, whereas Ad5(GL) was blocked. In contrast, crossblocking by NAbs induced by different viruses affected gene delivery to normal human lung explants, suggesting the importance of non-fiber-knob-mediated infection mechanisms. We conclude that changing the adenovirus fiber knob is sufficient to allow a relative degree of escape from preexisting NAb. If confirmed in trials, this approach might improve the efficacy of re-administration of adenoviral gene therapy to humans.
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Involvement of a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) in osteoclastogenesis and pathological bone destruction. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:427-34. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.088260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:The eventual role of a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) in osteoclastogenesis was studied in erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in vitro.Methods:ADAM8 protein and mRNA expression was measured in RA pannus and synovitis and compared to osteoarthritic (OA) synovial membrane. Human monocytes were isolated and stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines and their ADAM8 expression and surface ADAM8 were measured. Human peripheral blood monocytes and RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage cells were stimulated to osteclast like-cells, and their expression of ADAM8 and osteoclastic markers (calcitonin receptor, integrin β 3, cathepsin K, TRAP) were analysed. Transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to assess the role of ADAM8 in formation of polykaryons.Results:Increased numbers of ADAM8 positive cells were shown particularly in the pannus-cartilage/bone junction close or adjoining to TRAP positive multinucleate cells under formation (60 (2)% in pannus, 47 (2)% in synovitis vs 10 (1)% in OA, p<0.001). Human pannus contained high ADAM8 mRNA copy numbers (23 (7) in pannus, 14 (4) in synovitis vs 1.7 (0.3) in OA, p<0.001). Functional studies in vitro disclosed ADAM8 mRNA and protein, which was first converted to a proteolytically active and then to fusion-active form. Gene transfection and siRNA experiments enhanced and inhibited, respectively, expression of osteoclast markers and maturation of multinuclear cells.Conclusions:ADAM8 may be involved in bone destruction in RA because it is upregulated in RA pannus adjacent to developing erosions and enhances maturation of osteoclast-like cells.
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Imbalanced expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin mRNA in pannus tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:240-246. [PMID: 18565244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test if the pannus tissue is characterized by a high receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand to osteoprotegerin (RANKL:OPG) ratio, which could explain local osteoclastogenesis and formation of bony erosions. METHODS Messenger RNA and protein expressions of RANKL and OPG in rheumatoid and osteoarthritic tissue samples were measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot/densitometry. Pannus and synovitis fibroblasts explanted from tissue samples were cultured in vitro without and with TNF-alpha, IL-1Beta or IL-17 and analyzed quantitatively for RANKL expression. The ability of pannus fibroblasts to induce formation of multinuclear osteoclast-like cells from human monocytes, with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) but without RANKL added, was tested. Histochemical staining was used to assess the eventual presence of RANKL and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclast-like cells at the pannus-bone interface. RESULTS RANKL:OPG ratios of messenger RNA (p<0.05) and protein level were high in pannus (2.06+/-0.73 and 2.2+/-0.65) compared to rheumatoid (0.62+/-0.13 and 1.31+/-0.69) and osteoarthritis (0.62+/-0.32 and 0.52+/-0.16) synovial membranes. Resting and stimulated (p dependent on the cytokine used) pannus fibroblasts produced RANKL in excess (p=0.0005) and unstimulated pannus fibroblasts also effectively induced osteoclast-like cell formation from monocytes in vitro without any exogenous RANKL added. Compatible with these findings, multinuclear osteoclasts-like cells were frequent in the fibroblast- and macrophage-rich pannus tissue at the soft tissue-to-bone interface. CONCLUSION The high RANKL:OPG ratio, together with close fibroblast-to-monocyte contacts in pannus tissue, probably favor local generation of bone resorbing osteoclasts at the site of erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Genome-controlled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for targeted gene-expression analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 66:597-606. [PMID: 17101552 DOI: 10.1080/00365510600987736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although gene-expression profiling has an important part to play in the classification of tumours and premalignant conditions, reproducibility of the present polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantitative techniques needs to be improved for diagnostic purposes and to enable analysis of gene expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. We have developed reverse transcriptase-PCR-based technology for quantitative assessment of the relative content of multiple mRNA transcripts in small tissue or cell samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multiplexed sequence modifying cDNA synthesis reaction is performed with this technique to create a 4-5 degrees increase in the melting temperature of subsequent short (56-64 bp) PCR amplicons. Each cDNA template is competitively co-amplified with genomic DNA, which serves as a universal internal standard. The relative amounts of cDNA and genomic DNA-derived amplicons are quantified in-tube by homogeneous melting curve analysis. RESULTS The dynamic range of the assay was three orders of magnitude, while the detection limit was 100 cDNA molecules. A prototype assay, consisting of the analysis of eight genes, displayed good reproducibility (inter-assay CV 5-20 %) compared to the TaqMan assay (inter-assay CV 7-43 %). Gene-expression analysis could be performed in 20 of 20 (100 %) archival frozen samples, in 30 of 35 (86 %) archival FFPE samples and in 26 of 27 (96 %) endoscopic biopsies. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that this new technique enables accurate analysis of mRNA expression in cultured cells and endoscopic tissue biopsies. Sensitive analysis FFPE tissue is also possible thanks to the short PCR amplicons.
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is modified by intra-articular liposomal clodronate in an experimental model of arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:622-8. [PMID: 17207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-dose liposomal bisphosphonates exert apoptotic effects. This work studies the chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of intra-articularly administered low-dose, non-cytotoxic liposomal clodronate. METHODS Antigen induced arthritis in rabbits was treated with intra-articular injections of liposomal clodronate. Drug effects on cartilage oligomeric matrix protein COMP was assessed using immunohistochemistry and morphometry of synovial membrane and hyaline articular cartilage. RESULTS COMP remained close to normal in liposomal clodronate treated superficial articular cartilage compared to a significant loss of COMP in arthritis controls treated with empty liposomes. The middle and deep layers of the hyaline articular cartilage were characterized by highly increased COMP expression in liposomal clodronate treated AIA joints compared to controls. In contrast to cartilage, synovial COMP expression was slightly decreased as a result of liposomal clodronate treatment. CONCLUSION Low-dose, non-cytotoxic liposomal clodronate exerts a dichotomous effect on synovial membrane and articular cartilage COMP in the AIA model. COMP is a useful inflammation marker in the synovial tissue, but it also contributes to the structural integrity of the hyaline articular cartilage forming bridges between type II and IX collagens. Enhancement of COMP in clodronate treated AIA cartilage suggests a chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect in the inflammatorily damaged and mechanically strained cartilage.
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Muscle fiber type I influences lipid oxidation during low-intensity exercise in moderately active middle-aged men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16:134-40. [PMID: 16533352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous effects of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and muscle fiber characteristics on lipid oxidation at basal state and during exercise were studied in a population-based group (n = 70) of middle-aged men. Body composition, oxygen uptake, and lipid oxidation were determined in a volitional maximal exercise test, physical activity with a questionnaire, muscle fiber characteristics with muscle biopsy, and resting metabolic rate and lipid oxidation at basal state with indirect calorimetry. In regression analysis, type I muscle fibers contributed significantly to lipid oxidation at basal state (r = 0.30, r2 = 0.07, P<0.05) and during low-intensity exercise (r = 0.35, r2 = 0.10, P<0.05). ANOVA revealed 7.7% (P = 0.268) lower lipid oxidation at basal state, 14% (P<0.05) lower lipid oxidation in low-intensity exercise, and 10.5% (P = 0.088) lower lipid oxidation in moderate-intensity exercise in muscle fiber tertile I (type I muscle fiber count 28.8%) compared with muscle fiber tertile III (type I muscle fiber count 71.4%). In conclusion, the muscle fiber distribution contributed significantly to lipid oxidation during low-intensity exercise in moderately active middle-aged men.
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Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins play an important role in the regulation of transcription, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. In this work, the expression of HMGA 1 and 2 in 152 lung carcinomas of mainly non-small-cell histological type has been studied by immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate their feasibility as lung cancer markers. In 17 lung cancer cases, the related bronchial epithelial changes were also studied for HMGA1 and 2 expression. RNA expression of HMGA1a and b isoforms and of HMGA2 was determined by real-time semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 23 lung carcinomas. High expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 at both mRNA and protein levels was detected in lung carcinomas, compared with normal lung tissue. Nuclear immunostaining for HMGA1 and 2 proteins also occurred in hyperplastic, metaplastic, and dysplastic bronchial epithelium. Increased nuclear expression of HMGA1 and 2 correlated with poor survival (for adenocarcinomas, HMGA1, p=0.006; HMGA2, p=0.05). While the expression of HMGA2 was significantly associated with cell proliferation (p=0.008), HMGA1 expression did not show any association with proliferation or apoptotic index. Sequencing of HMGA2 transcripts from tumours with very high expression showed a normal full-length transcript. As HMGA proteins were expressed in about 90% of lung carcinomas and their expression was inversely associated with survival, they may provide useful markers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Expression of ADAM9 (meltrin-gamma) around aseptically loosened total hip replacement implants. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:808-14. [PMID: 16418197 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of a disintegrin and the metalloproteinase ADAM9 (meltrin-gamma) in the formation of multinuclear giant cells and osteoclasts in aseptic loosening of hip replacement implants. METHODS We used in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting of interface membrane surrounding loosened hip implants, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) costimulation and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particle stimulation of human monocytes followed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Morphometric analysis revealed that the ADAM9+ area in the revision total hip replacement (THR) interface was larger than in primary THR samples (37.6+/-5.1 vs 5.2+/-0.8%, P=0.002). Double immunofluorescence staining showed that CD68+ interface tissue macrophages and multinuclear giant cells were ADAM9+. ADAM9 mRNA containing mononuclear and multinuclear cells was often seen in a close spatial relationship with other ADAM9+ cells. Western blotting disclosed a 50 kDa ADAM9 band in tissue extracts. Upon M-CSF and RANKL costimulation of human monocytes, the ADAM9 staining pattern changed over time and ADAM9+ cells formed bi- and multinuclear cells. Flow cytometry disclosed that cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage changed from ADAM9-negative cells into strongly positive cells during a 3-day culture. CONCLUSION ADAM9 is expressed in interface tissues around aseptically loosened THR implants. ADAM9 may play a role as a fusion molecule in the formation of multinuclear giant cells and osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in diseases characterized by bone tissue destruction.
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PD-024 Expression of High Mobility Group A proteins in lung cancer correlates with survival. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Amplification of HER-2 in gastric carcinoma: association with Topoisomerase IIα gene amplification, intestinal type, poor prognosis and sensitivity to trastuzumab. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:273-8. [PMID: 15668283 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER-2/neu gene amplification has predictive value in breast cancer patients responding to trastuzumab. We wanted to investigate the frequency and clinical significance of HER-2/neu amplification in gastric carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The frequency of HER-2/neu and Topoisomerase IIalpha gene amplification was studied in adenocarcinomas of the stomach (n=131) and the gastroesophageal junction (n=100) by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Sensitivity of a gastric cancer cell line N87 with HER-2/neu amplification to trastuzumab was studied by a cell viability assay and compared with that of a HER-2 amplified breast cancer cell line SKBR-3. Growth inhibition of N87 cells was also verified in vivo in N87 xenograft tumors. RESULTS HER-2/neu amplification was present in 16 (12.2%) of the 131 gastric and in 24 (24.0%) of the 100 gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Co-amplification of Topoisomerase IIalpha was present in the majority of gastric (63%) and esophagogastric junction cancers (68%) with HER-2/neu amplification. HER-2/neu amplification was more common in the intestinal histologic type of gastric cancer (21.5%) than in the diffuse (2%) or the mixed/anaplastic type (5%, P=0.0051), but it was not associated with gender, age at diagnosis or clinical stage. Presence of HER-2/neu amplification was associated with poor carcinoma-specific survival (P=0.0089). HER-2/neu targeting antibody trastuzumab inhibited the growth of a p185(HER-2/neu) overexpressing gastric and breast carcinoma cell lines (N87 and SKBR-3) with equal efficacy. CONCLUSIONS HER-2/neu amplification is common in the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma, and it is associated with a poor outcome. HER-2 might be a useful target in this disease, and this hypothesis deserves to be investigated in clinical trials.
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Nondiffracting waves in anisotropic media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:056609. [PMID: 12786298 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.056609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 01/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently the physics of ballistic phonon propagation in anisotropic crystals has been studied with new phonon-imaging methods. In this paper we consider nondiffracting waves that can propagate in anisotropic crystals and analyze their properties that emerge specifically due to the anisotropy. We further present a detailed generation and detection scheme for the experimental verification of the wave modes considered.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study the results of endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms in Finland are presented and compared to the results of the Eurostar registry. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 229 patients with aortic aneurysm were treated in five different Finnish centres during 1996-2000. The data of these patients were collected prospectively by surgeon or interventional radiologist involved. During the same period of time 2464 patients were registered in the Eurostar registry. RESULTS The procedure was performed successfully in 97% of patients in Finland, and the 30-day mortality was 0,9%. A graft limb thrombosis was detected in 9% of the patients in Finland. A permanent primary endoleak at the first 30-day control was seen in 23 patients (10%). During the follow-up 17 secondary endoleaks (7%) were detected. A secondary intervention was necessary in 26% of the patients. Three patients (1.3%) had late rupture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS According to the Finnish short-time results, endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms is safe and associated with relatively low morbidity and mortality. The mid-term results are more disappointing with relatively many graft thromboses and endoleaks, and a frequent need of secondary interventions.
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[Thoracoscopy]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2002; 117:1630-5. [PMID: 12182100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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