1
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Edwards AL, Collins JA, Junge C, Kordasiewicz H, Mignon L, Wu S, Li Y, Lin L, DuBois J, Hutchison RM, Ziogas N, Shulman M, Martarello L, Graham D, Lane R, Budd Haeberlein S, Beaver J. Exploratory Tau Biomarker Results From a Multiple Ascending-Dose Study of BIIB080 in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:1344-1352. [PMID: 37902726 PMCID: PMC10616768 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Importance Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, tangled microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) associated with disease progression and cognitive decline. Objective To evaluate the effect of tau synthesis reduction on tau biomarkers in patients with mild AD. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled 36-week multiple-ascending dose (MAD) phase 1b trial (October 2017 to September 2020), followed by a 64- or 71-week open-label long-term extension (LTE) (October 2019 to May 2022). After being assessed for eligibility at 12 sites in Canada and Europe, participants with mild AD and confirmed amyloid pathology were randomized 3:1 (BIIB080:placebo) in 4 dose cohorts. Intervention Intrathecal administration of BIIB080, a MAPT-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, or placebo. Active dose arms included 10 mg every 4 weeks, 30 mg every 4 weeks, 60 mg every 4 weeks, and 115 mg every 12 weeks during the MAD period and 60 mg every 12 weeks or 115 mg every 12 weeks during the LTE. Main Outcome and Measures The original primary end point was safety. Additionally, BIIB080, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were evaluated. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) was collected in a substudy, and standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated in a priori-defined composite regions of interest. Results Of 102 participants assessed for eligibility, 46 participants with mild AD were enrolled; 23 (50%) were female, and mean (SD) age was 65.8 (5.70) years. BIIB080 was generally well tolerated and was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in CSF t-tau and p-tau181 in the MAD period (56% reduction; 95% CI, 50% to 62%; and 51% reduction; 95% CI, 38% to 63%, of CSF t-tau in the 2 higher-dose cohorts) that continued and/or was maintained through quarterly dosing in the LTE. Tau PET demonstrated reduced accumulation vs placebo at week 25 (n = 13). At week 100, tau PET showed a reduction from baseline across all regions assessed (n = 12), with the largest reductions from baseline observed in the temporal composite (-0.71 SUVR; 95% CI, -1.40 to -0.02). A moderate correlation was observed between model-predicted cumulative CSF drug exposure and tau PET change. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, BIIB080 reduced tau biomarkers, including CSF t-tau, CSF p-tau181, and tau PET, which is associated with cognitive decline, in participants with mild AD. Effects of BIIB080 on biomarkers and clinical outcomes are being further evaluated in a phase 2 trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03186989.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Lin
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Lane
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
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2
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Dauda SE, Collins JA, Byl JAW, Lu Y, Yalowich JC, Mitton-Fry MJ, Osheroff N. Actions of a Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Enhancement of Double-Stranded DNA Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12107. [PMID: 37569485 PMCID: PMC10419083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterials that target gyrase and topoisomerase IV. A hallmark of NBTIs is their ability to induce gyrase/topoisomerase IV-mediated single-stranded DNA breaks and suppress the generation of double-stranded breaks. However, a previous study reported that some dioxane-linked amide NBTIs induced double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by Staphylococcus aureus gyrase. To further explore the ability of this NBTI subclass to increase double-stranded DNA breaks, we examined the effects of OSUAB-185 on DNA cleavage mediated by Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrase and topoisomerase IV. OSUAB-185 induced single-stranded and suppressed double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by N. gonorrhoeae gyrase. However, the compound stabilized both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by topoisomerase IV. The induction of double-stranded breaks does not appear to correlate with the binding of a second OSUAB-185 molecule and extends to fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae topoisomerase IV, as well as type II enzymes from other bacteria and humans. The double-stranded DNA cleavage activity of OSUAB-185 and other dioxane-linked NBTIs represents a paradigm shift in a hallmark characteristic of NBTIs and suggests that some members of this subclass may have alternative binding motifs in the cleavage complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soziema E. Dauda
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jo Ann W. Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yanran Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 42310, USA
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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3
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Racine AM, Collins JA, DuBois JM, Seibyl J, Kong J, Li Y, O'Gorman J, Makaretz SJ, Jones S, Graham D, Rajagovindan R, Shulman M, Haeberlein SB. Exploratory evaluation of 18F‐MK‐6240 tau PET positivity in TANGO phase 2 clinical trial of gosuranemab (BIIB092) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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DuBois JM, Seibyl J, Racine AM, Collins JA, Martarello L, Salinas CA. A Visual Interpretation Algorithm for Assessing Brain Tauopathy with [
18
F]MK6240 Positron Emission Tomography. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Lu Y, Mann CA, Nolan S, Collins JA, Parker E, Papa J, Vibhute S, Jahanbakhsh S, Thwaites M, Hufnagel D, Hazbón MH, Moreno J, Stedman TT, Wittum T, Wozniak DJ, Osheroff N, Yalowich JC, Mitton-Fry MJ. 1,3-Dioxane-Linked Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Expanding Structural Diversity and the Antibacterial Spectrum. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:955-963. [PMID: 35707162 PMCID: PMC9189870 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance continues its devastation of available therapies. Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) offer one solution to this critical issue. Two series of amine NBTIs bearing tricyclic DNA-binding moieties as well as amide NBTIs with a bicyclic DNA-binding moiety were synthesized and evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Additionally, these compounds and a series of bicyclic amine analogues displayed high activity against susceptible and drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, expanding the spectrum of these dioxane-linked NBTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Lu
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chelsea A. Mann
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sheri Nolan
- Microbial
Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jessica A. Collins
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Elizabeth Parker
- Department
of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan Papa
- Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane Moreno
- ATCC, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | | | - Thomas Wittum
- Department
of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Microbial
Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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6
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Putcha D, Eckbo R, Katsumi Y, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A, Collins JA. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac055. [PMID: 35356035 PMCID: PMC8963312 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease-related atrophy in the posterior cingulate cortex, a key node of the default mode network, is present in the early stages of disease progression across clinical phenotypic variants of the disease. In the typical amnestic variant, posterior cingulate cortex neuropathology has been linked with disrupted connectivity of the posterior default mode network, but it remains unclear if this relationship is observed across atypical variants of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we first sought to determine if tau pathology is consistently present in the posterior cingulate cortex and other posterior nodes of the default mode network across the atypical Alzheimer’s disease syndromic spectrum. Second, we examined functional connectivity disruptions within the default mode network and sought to determine if tau pathology is related to functional disconnection within this network. We studied a sample of 25 amyloid-positive atypical Alzheimer’s disease participants examined with high-resolution MRI, tau (18F-AV-1451) PET, and resting-state functional MRI. In these patients, high levels of tau pathology in the posteromedial cortex and hypoconnectivity between temporal and parietal nodes of the default mode network were observed relative to healthy older controls. Furthermore, higher tau signal and reduced grey matter density in the posterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus were associated with reduced parietal functional connectivity across individual patients, related to poorer cognitive scores. Our findings converge with what has been reported in amnestic Alzheimer’s disease, and together these observations offer a unifying mechanistic feature that relates posterior cingulate cortex tau deposition to aberrant default mode network connectivity across heterogeneous clinical phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Deepti Putcha, PhD Frontotemporal Disorders Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02129, USA E-mail:
| | - Ryan Eckbo
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuta Katsumi
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Racine AM, Rajagovindan R, Collins JA, Kong J, Li Y, O'Gorman J, Jones S, Graham D, Ratti E, Shulman M. Baseline biomarker (tau PET) characteristics from TANGO: A phase 2 trial of gosuranemab (BIIB092) in early Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.054952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Henderson SK, Dev SI, Ezzo R, Quimby M, Wong B, Brickhouse M, Hochberg D, Touroutoglou A, Dickerson BC, Cordella C, Collins JA. A category-selective semantic memory deficit for animate objects in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab210. [PMID: 34622208 PMCID: PMC8493104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are mixed on whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibit a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Moreover, there is little consensus regarding the neural substrates of this category-selective semantic deficit, though prior literature has suggested that the perirhinal cortex and the lateral posterior fusiform gyrus may support semantic memory functions important for processing animate objects. In this study, we investigated whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibited a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects in a word-picture matching task, controlling for psycholinguistic features of the stimuli, including frequency, familiarity, typicality and age of acquisition. We investigated the neural bases of this category selectivity by examining its relationship with cortical atrophy in two primary regions of interest: bilateral perirhinal cortex and lateral posterior fusiform gyri. We analysed data from 20 patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (mean age = 64 years, S.D. = 6.94). For each participant, we calculated an animacy index score to denote the magnitude of the category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a main effect of animacy (β = 0.52, t = 4.03, P < 0.001) even after including all psycholinguistic variables in the model, such that animate objects were less likely to be identified correctly relative to inanimate objects. Inspection of each individual patient's data indicated the presence of a disproportionate impairment in animate objects in most patients. A linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between the right perirhinal cortex thickness and animacy index scores (β = -0.57, t = -2.74, P = 0.015) such that patients who were more disproportionally impaired for animate relative to inanimate objects exhibited thinner right perirhinal cortex. A vertex-wise general linear model analysis restricted to the temporal lobes revealed additional associations between positive animacy index scores (i.e. a disproportionately poorer performance on animate objects) and cortical atrophy in the right perirhinal and entorhinal cortex, superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, and the anterior fusiform gyrus, as well as the left anterior fusiform gyrus. Taken together, our results indicate that a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects is a characteristic feature of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia that is detectable in most individuals. Our imaging findings provide further support for the role of the right perirhinal cortex and other temporal lobe regions in the semantic processing of animate objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom K Henderson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheena I Dev
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Claire Cordella
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Goodheart AE, Locascio JJ, Samore WR, Collins JA, Brickhouse M, Schultz A, Touroutoglou A, Johnson KA, Frosch MP, Growdon JH, Dickerson BC, Gomperts SN. 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography in neuropathological substrates of corticobasal syndrome. Brain 2021; 144:266-277. [PMID: 33578418 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neuropathological processes can manifest in life as a corticobasal syndrome. We sought to relate retention of the tau-PET tracer 18F-AV-1451 and structural magnetic resonance measures of regional atrophy to clinical features in clinically diagnosed and neuropathologically confirmed cases of corticobasal syndrome and to determine whether these vary with the underlying neuropathological changes. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 11 subjects (eight female and three male, median age 72 years) with corticobasal syndrome underwent structural MRI, tau-PET with 18F-AV-1451, amyloid-PET with 11C-Pittsburgh compound B, detailed clinical examinations and neuropsychological testing. Of the 11, three had evidence of high amyloid burden consistent with Alzheimer's disease while eight did not. Neuropathological evaluations were acquired in six cases. Mixed effects general linear models were used to compare 18F-AV-1451 retention and atrophy in amyloid-negative corticobasal syndrome cases to 32 age-matched healthy control subjects and to relate cortical and subcortical 18F-AV-1451 retention and atrophy to clinical features. Subjects without amyloid, including three with pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration, showed greater regional 18F-AV-1451 retention and associated regional atrophy in areas commonly associated with corticobasal degeneration pathology than healthy control subjects [retention was higher compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0011), driven especially by the precentral gyrus (P = 0.011) and pallidum (P < 0.0001), and greater atrophy was seen in subjects compared to control subjects (P = 0.0004)]. Both 18F-AV-1451 retention and atrophy were greater in the clinically more affected hemisphere [on average, retention was 0.173 standardized uptake value ratio units higher on the more affected side (95% confidence interval, CI 0.11-0.24, P < 0.0001), and volume was 0.719 lower on the more affected side (95% CI 0.35-1.08, P = 0.0001)]. 18F-AV-1451 retention was greater in subcortical than in cortical regions, P < 0.0001. In contrast to these findings, subjects with amyloid-positive corticobasal syndrome, including two neuropathologically confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease, demonstrated greater and more widespread 18F-AV-1451 retention and regional atrophy than observed in the amyloid-negative cases. There was thalamic 18F-AV-1451 retention but minimal cortical and basal ganglia uptake in a single corticobasal syndrome subject without neuropathological evidence of tau pathology, likely representing non-specific signal. Asymmetric cortical and basal ganglia 18F-AV-1451 retention consonant with the clinical manifestations characterize corticobasal syndrome due to corticobasal degeneration, whereas the cortical retention in cases associated with Alzheimer's disease is greater and more diffuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Goodheart
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wesley R Samore
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen N Gomperts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Abstract
1,2-Naphthoquinone, a secondary metabolite of naphthalene, is an environmental pollutant found in diesel exhaust particles that displays cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. Because many quinones have been shown to act as topoisomerase II poisons, the effects of this compound on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ were examined. The compound increased the levels of double-stranded DNA breaks generated by both enzyme isoforms and did so better than a series of naphthoquinone derivatives. Furthermore, 1,2-naphthoquinone was a more efficacious poison against topoisomerase IIα than IIβ. Topoisomerase II poisons can be classified as interfacial (which interact noncovalently at the enzyme-DNA interface and increase DNA cleavage by blocking ligation) or covalent (which adduct the protein and increase DNA cleavage by closing the N-terminal gate of the enzyme). Therefore, experiments were performed to determine the mechanistic basis for the actions of 1,2-naphthoquinone. In contrast to results with etoposide (an interfacial poison), the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone against topoisomerase IIα was abrogated in the presence of sulfhydryl and reducing agents. Moreover, the compound inhibited cleavage activity when incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA and induced virtually no cleavage with the catalytic core of the enzyme. It also induced stable covalent topoisomerase IIα-DNA cleavage complexes and was a partial inhibitor of DNA ligation. Findings were also consistent with 1,2-naphthoquinone acting as a covalent poison of topoisomerase IIβ; however, mechanistic studies with this isoform were less conclusive. Whereas the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone was blocked in the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent, it was much less sensitive to the presence of a reducing agent. Furthermore, the reduced form of 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, displayed high activity against the β isoform. Taken together, results suggest that 1,2-naphthoquinone increases topoisomerase II-mediated double-stranded DNA scission (at least in part) by acting as a covalent poison of the human type II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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11
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Miller HE, Cordella C, Collins JA, Ezzo R, Quimby M, Hochberg D, Tourville JA, Dickerson BC, Guenther FH. Neural substrates of verbal repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab015. [PMID: 33748756 PMCID: PMC7955979 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between cortical thickness and performance on several verbal repetition tasks in a cohort of patients with primary progressive aphasia in order to test predictions generated by theoretical accounts of phonological working memory that predict phonological content buffers in left posterior inferior frontal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus. Cortical surfaces were reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging scans from 42 participants diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia. Cortical thickness was measured in a set of anatomical regions spanning the entire cerebral cortex. Correlation analyses were performed between cortical thickness and average score across three phonological working memory-related tasks: the Repetition sub-test from the Western Aphasia Battery, a forward digit span task, and a backward digit span task. Significant correlations were found between average working memory score across tasks and cortical thickness in left supramarginal gyrus and left posterior inferior frontal sulcus, in support of prior theoretical accounts of phonological working memory. Exploratory whole-brain correlation analyses performed for each of the three behavioural tasks individually revealed a distinct set of positively correlated regions for each task. Comparison of cortical thickness measures from different primary progressive aphasia sub-types to cortical thickness in age-matched controls further revealed unique patterns of atrophy in the different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Miller
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Claire Cordella
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jason A Tourville
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Frank H Guenther
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Rabinovici GD, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Lesman‐Segev OH, Soleimani‐Meigooni DN, Provost K, Collins JA, Aisen PS, Borowski BJ, Eloyan A, Fagan A, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Vemuri P, Day GS, Graff‐Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway SP, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Koeppe RA, Dickerson BC, Carrillo MC, Apostolova LG. Amyloid and tau PET in sporadic early‐onset Alzheimer’s disease: Preliminary results from LEADS. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.041613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil D. Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Karine Provost
- University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- UMemory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
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13
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Flaherty R, Ezzo R, Collins JA, Krivensky S, Eckbo R, Vemuri P, Borowski BJ, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Lesman‐Segev OH, Bourakova V, Eloyan A, Aisen PS, Fagan A, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Koeppe RA, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Day GS, Graff‐Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway SP, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Carrillo MC, Apostolova LG, Rabinovici GD, Dickerson BC. Increased white matter MRI T1 hypointensity volume in young‐onset Alzheimer’s disease patients is not accounted for by age or cardiovascular risk factors. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Ryan Eckbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- UMemory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
| | | | | | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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14
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Eckbo R, Dickerson BC, Makris N, Collins JA. Tau pathology spread in white matter pathways in atypical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Eckbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
| | | | - Nikos Makris
- Massachusets General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
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15
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Henderson SK, Cordella C, Dev SI, Quimby M, Wong B, Ezzo R, Collins JA, Dickerson BC. Category‐selective semantic deficit for living things in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bonnie Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
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16
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Putcha D, Eckbo R, Touroutoglou A, Dickerson BC, Collins JA. Tau pathology in posterior DMN is related to aberrant SN‐DMN network connectivity in atypical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.044591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Eckbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
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17
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Collins JA, Ezzo R, Vemuri P, Borowski BJ, Iaccarino L, Joie R, Lesman‐Segev OH, Bourakova V, Eloyan A, Aisen PS, Fagan AM, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Koeppe RA, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Day GS, Graff‐Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway SP, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Carrillo MC, Apostolova LG, Rabinovici GD, Dickerson BC. Neurodegeneration in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Study (LEADS) sample: Results from the MRI core. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Renaud Joie
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- UMemory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Wolk
- Penn Memory Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
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18
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Ezzo R, Cordella C, Dickerson BC, Collins JA. Cortical atrophy signatures and machine learning MR‐based classification of primary progressive aphasia variants. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
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19
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McGinnis S, Collins JA, Eckbo R, Brickhouse M, Gomperts S, Johnson KA, Dickerson BC. Predictive value of visually rated tau PET imaging for amyloid status, atrophy, and syndromic diagnosis across a spectrum of neurodegenerative phenotypes. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott McGinnis
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown MA USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Ryan Eckbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
| | | | | | - Keith A. Johnson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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20
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Popal H, Quimby M, Hochberg D, Dickerson BC, Collins JA. Altered functional connectivity of cortical networks in semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102494. [PMID: 33395985 PMCID: PMC7708956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As their illness progresses, patients with the semantic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) frequently exhibit peculiar behaviors indicative of altered visual attention or an increased interest in artistic endeavors. In the present study, we examined changes within and between large-scale functional brain networks that may explain this altered visual behavior. We first examined the connectivity of the visual association network, the dorsal attention network, and the default mode network in healthy young adults (n = 89) to understand the typical architecture of these networks in the healthy brain. We then compared the large-scale functional connectivity of these networks in a group of svPPA patients (n = 12) to a group of age-matched cognitively normal controls (n = 30). Our results showed that the between-network connectivity of the dorsal attention and visual association networks was elevated in svPPA patients relative to controls. We further showed that this heightened between-network connectivity was associated with a decrease in the within-network connectivity of the default mode network, possibly due to progressive degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes in svPPA. These results suggest that focal neurodegeneration can lead to the reorganization of large-scale cognitive networks beyond the primarily affected network(s), possibly contributing to cognitive or behavioral changes that are commonly present as part of the clinical phenotype of svPPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Popal
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Katsumi Y, Racine AM, Torrado-Carvajal A, Loggia ML, Hooker JM, Greve DN, Hightower BG, Catana C, Cavallari M, Arnold SE, Fong TG, Vasunilashorn SM, Marcantonio ER, Schmitt EM, Xu G, Libermann TA, Barrett LF, Inouye SK, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A, Collins JA. The Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study: Examination of [ 11C]PBR28 binding and exploration of its link to post-operative delirium. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102346. [PMID: 32712451 PMCID: PMC7390821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major surgery is associated with a systemic inflammatory cascade that is thought, in some cases, to contribute to transient and/or sustained cognitive decline, possibly through neuroinflammatory mechanisms. However, the relationship between surgery, peripheral and central nervous system inflammation, and post-operative cognitive outcomes remains unclear in humans, primarily owing to limitations of in vivo biomarkers of neuroinflammation which vary in sensitivity, specificity, validity, and reliability. In the present study, [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood plasma biomarkers of inflammation were assessed pre-operatively and 1-month post-operatively in a cohort of patients (N = 36; 30 females; ≥70 years old) undergoing major orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Delirium incidence and severity were evaluated daily during hospitalization. Whole-brain voxel-wise and regions-of-interest analyses were performed to determine the magnitude and spatial extent of changes in [11C]PBR28 uptake following surgery. Results demonstrated that, compared with pre-operative baseline, [11C]PBR28 binding in the brain was globally downregulated at 1 month following major orthopedic surgery, possibly suggesting downregulation of the immune system of the brain. No significant relationship was identified between post-operative delirium and [11C]PBR28 binding, possibly due to a small number (n = 6) of delirium cases in the sample. Additionally, no significant relationships were identified between [11C]PBR28 binding and CSF/plasma biomarkers of inflammation. Collectively, these results contribute to the literature by demonstrating in a sizeable sample the effect of major surgery on neuroimmune activation and preliminary evidence identifying no apparent associations between [11C]PBR28 binding and fluid inflammatory markers or post-operative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Katsumi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annie M Racine
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Torrado-Carvajal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Image Analysis and Biometry Laboratory, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Baileigh G Hightower
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michele Cavallari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tamara G Fong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarinnapha M Vasunilashorn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward R Marcantonio
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eva M Schmitt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guoquan Xu
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sharon K Inouye
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Apostolova LG, Iaccarino L, Collins JA, Aisen PS, Borowski BJ, Eloyan A, Fagan AM, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Koeppe RA, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Vemuri P, Day GS, Graff-Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway S, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Rabinovici GD, Dickerson BC, Carrillo MC. P1-349: ADVANCING CLINICAL AND BIOMARKER RESEARCH IN AD: THE LEAD STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center; Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Neurology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | | | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute; San Diego CA USA
| | | | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Dept. of Neurology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Gregory S. Day
- Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brad C. Dickerson
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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23
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Brickhouse M, Flaherty R, Getchell K, Krahn E, Delp T, O'Chander R, Krivensky S, Zaitsev A, Brandt K, Kim S, Cordella C, Dev S, Touroutoglou A, Putcha D, Wong B, Quimby M, Hochberg D, Eldaief MC, McGinnis SM, Frosch MP, Collins JA, Dickerson BC. P3-413: MRI-DERIVED CORTICAL ATROPHY PATTERNS AS PROBABILISTIC PREDICTORS OF SPECIFIC NEURODEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erin Krahn
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Taylor Delp
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shalom Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Sheena Dev
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Bonnie Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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24
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Putcha D, Brickhouse M, Touroutoglou A, Collins JA, Quimby M, Wong B, Eldaief M, Schultz A, El Fakhri G, Johnson K, Dickerson BC, McGinnis SM. Visual cognition in non-amnestic Alzheimer's disease: Relations to tau, amyloid, and cortical atrophy. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101889. [PMID: 31200149 PMCID: PMC6562373 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity within the Alzheimer's disease (AD) syndromic spectrum is typically classified in a domain-specific manner (e.g., language vs. visual cognitive function). The central aim of this study was to investigate whether impairment in visual cognitive tasks thought to be subserved by posterior cortical dysfunction in non-amnestic AD presentations is associated with tau, amyloid, or neurodegeneration in those regions using 18F-AV-1451 and 11C-PiB positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixteen amyloid-positive patients who met criteria for either Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA; n = 10) or logopenic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA; n = 6) were studied. All participants underwent a structured clinical assessment, neuropsychological battery, structural MRI, amyloid PET, and tau PET. The neuropsychological battery included two visual cognitive tests: VOSP Number Location and Benton Facial Recognition. Surface-based whole-cortical general linear models were used to first explore the similarities and differences between these biomarkers in the two patient groups, and then to assess their regional associations with visual cognitive test performance. The results show that these two variants of AD have both dissociable and overlapping areas of tau and atrophy, but amyloid is distributed with a stereotyped localization in both variants. Performance on both visual cognitive tests were associated with tau and atrophy in the right lateral and medial occipital association cortex, superior parietal cortex, and posterior ventral occipitotemporal cortex. No cortical associations were observed with amyloid PET. We further demonstrate that cortical atrophy has a partially mediating effect on the association between tau pathology and visual cognitive task performance. Our findings show that non-amnestic variants of AD have partially dissociable spatial patterns of tau and atrophy that localize as expected based on symptoms, but similar patterns of amyloid. Further, we demonstrate that impairments of visual cognitive dysfunction are strongly associated with tau in visual cortical regions and mediated in part by atrophy. The Visual-cognitive Impairment Rating (VIR) scale is designed to rate visual cognitive and functional impairment. Performance on two visual cognitive tasks was associated with tau and atrophy in posterior cortical regions. Cortical atrophy is a partial mediator of the association between tau pathology and visual cognitive task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M McGinnis
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ramos S, Le Sueur AL, Horness RE, Specker JT, Collins JA, Thibodeau KE, Thielges MC. Heterogeneous and Highly Dynamic Interface in Plastocyanin-Cytochrome f Complex Revealed by Site-Specific 2D-IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2114-2122. [PMID: 30742428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient protein complexes are crucial for sustaining dynamic cellular processes. The complexes of electron-transfer proteins are a notable example, such as those formed by plastocyanin (Pc) and cytochrome f (cyt f) in the photosynthetic apparatus. The dynamic and heterogeneous nature of these complexes, however, makes their study challenging. To better elucidate the complex of Nostoc Pc and cyt f, 2D-IR spectroscopy coupled to site-specific labeling with cyanophenylalanine infrared (IR) probes was employed to characterize how the local environments at sites along the surface of Pc were impacted by cyt f binding. The results indicate that Pc most substantially engages with cyt f via the hydrophobic patch around the copper redox site. Complexation with cyt f led to an increase in inhomogeneous broadening of the probe absorptions, reflective of increased heterogeneity of interactions with their environment. Notably, most of the underlying states interconverted very rapidly (1 to 2 ps), suggesting a complex with a highly mobile interface. The data support a model of the complex consisting of a large population of an encounter complex. Additionally, the study demonstrates the application of 2D-IR spectroscopy with site-specifically introduced probes to reveal new quantitative insight about dynamic biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashary Ramos
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Amanda L Le Sueur
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Rachel E Horness
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Jonathan T Specker
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Katherine E Thibodeau
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Megan C Thielges
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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Ramos S, Horness RE, Collins JA, Haak D, Thielges MC. Site-specific 2D IR spectroscopy: a general approach for the characterization of protein dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:780-788. [PMID: 30548035 PMCID: PMC6360950 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformational heterogeneity and dynamics of protein side chains contribute to function, but investigating exactly how is hindered by experimental challenges arising from the fast timescales involved and the spatial heterogeneity of protein structures. The potential of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy for measuring conformational heterogeneity and dynamics with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution has motivated extensive effort to develop amino acids with functional groups that have frequency-resolved absorptions to serve as probes of their protein microenvironments. We demonstrate the full advantage of the approach by selective incorporation of the probe p-cyanophenylalanine at six distinct sites in a Src homology 3 domain and the application of 2D IR spectroscopy to site-specifically characterize heterogeneity and dynamics and their contribution to cognate ligand binding. The approach revealed a wide range of microenvironments and distinct responses to ligand binding, including at the three adjacent, conserved aromatic residues that form the recognition surface of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulations performed for all the labeled proteins provide insight into the underlying heterogeneity and dynamics. Similar application of 2D IR spectroscopy and site-selective probe incorporation will allow for the characterization of heterogeneity and dynamics of other proteins, how heterogeneity and dynamics are affected by solvation and local structure, and how they might contribute to biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashary Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel E. Horness
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David Haak
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Megan C. Thielges
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Collins JA, Dickerson BC. Functional connectivity in category-selective brain networks after encoding predicts subsequent memory. Hippocampus 2018; 29:440-450. [PMID: 30009477 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activity in category selective regions of the temporal and parietal lobes during encoding has been associated with subsequent memory for face and scene stimuli. Reactivation theories of memory consolidation predict that after encoding connectivity between these category-selective regions and the hippocampus should be modulated and predict recognition memory. However, support for this proposal has been limited in humans. Here, participants completed a resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scan, followed by face- and place-encoding tasks, followed by another resting-state fMRI scan during which they were asked to think about the stimuli they had previously encountered. Individual differences in face recognition memory were predicted by the degree to which connectivity between face-responsive regions of the fusiform gyrus and perirhinal cortex increased following the face-encoding task. In contrast, individual differences in scene recognition were predicted by connectivity between the hippocampus and a scene-selective region of the retrosplenial cortex before and after the place-encoding task. Our results provide novel evidence for category specificity in the neural mechanisms supporting memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Collins JA, Quimby M, Makaretz SJ, McGinnis S, Dickerson BC. P1‐384: FLORTAUCIPIR IMAGING IN PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA PREDICTS VARIABILITY IN LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Collins
- Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Sara J. Makaretz
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingCharlestownMAUSA
| | - Scott McGinnis
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingCharlestownMAUSA
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Collins JA, Quimby M, Makaretz SJ, McGinnis SM, Dickerson BC. IC‐P‐201: FLORTAUCIPIR IMAGING IN PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA PREDICTS VARIABILITY IN LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Collins
- Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Sara J. Makaretz
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingCharlestownMAUSA
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Koski JE, Collins JA, Olson IR. The neural representation of social status in the extended face-processing network. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2795-2806. [PMID: 29119693 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social status is a salient cue that shapes our perceptions of other people and ultimately guides our social interactions. Despite the pervasive influence of status on social behavior, how information about the status of others is represented in the brain remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that social status information is embedded in our neural representations of other individuals. Participants learned to associate faces with names, job titles that varied in associated status, and explicit markers of reputational status (star ratings). Trained stimuli were presented in an functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment where participants performed a target detection task orthogonal to the variable of interest. A network of face-selective brain regions extending from the occipital lobe to the orbitofrontal cortex was localized and served as regions of interest. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found that face-selective voxels in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex - a region involved in social and nonsocial valuation, could decode faces based on their status. Similar effects were observed with two different status manipulations - one based on stored semantic knowledge (e.g., different careers) and one based on learned reputation (e.g., star ranking). These data suggest that a face-selective region of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex may contribute to the perception of social status, potentially underlying the preferential attention and favorable biases humans display toward high-status individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Koski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Veronelli L, Makaretz SJ, Quimby M, Dickerson BC, Collins JA. Geschwind Syndrome in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features over 9 years. Cortex 2017; 94:27-38. [PMID: 28711815 PMCID: PMC5565695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Geschwind Syndrome, a characteristic behavioral syndrome frequently described in patients affected by temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), consists of the following features: hyper-religiosity, hypergraphia, hyposexuality, and irritability. Here we report the 9-year-clinical course of a case of Geschwind Syndrome that developed as a first and salient clinical expression of right temporal lobe variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Only one patient affected by frontotemporal dementia has previously been shown to present with Geschwind Syndrome. MS presented at age 73 with 3 years of personality and behavioral symptoms. Her early symptoms primarily included hyper-religiosity, hypergraphia, and poor emotional regulation (irritability, impulsivity, disinhibition, egocentric behavior). Over nine years, other cognitive functions (word retrieval, memory coding and recall, set-shifting, famous face and building recognition) became affected; however, hyper-religiosity, hypergraphia, and scarce emotional control remained her most prominent deficits. Longitudinal cortical thickness and volumetric analyses revealed early atrophy in the right temporal pole, right amygdala, and right hippocampus, which progressively affected homologous regions in the left hemisphere. The present case describes an unusual clinical picture associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which the most salient symptoms originated and remained consistent with Geschwind Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Veronelli
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara J Makaretz
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Collins JA, Montal V, Hochberg D, Quimby M, Mandelli ML, Makris N, Seeley WW, Gorno-Tempini ML, Dickerson BC. Focal temporal pole atrophy and network degeneration in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2016; 140:457-471. [PMID: 28040670 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of neuroimaging research has associated semantic variant primary progressive aphasia with distributed cortical atrophy that is most prominent in the left anterior temporal cortex; however, there is little consensus regarding which region within the anterior temporal cortex is most prominently damaged, which may indicate the putative origin of neurodegeneration. In this study, we localized the most prominent and consistent region of atrophy in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia using cortical thickness analysis in two independent patient samples (n = 16 and 28, respectively) relative to age-matched controls (n = 30). Across both samples the point of maximal atrophy was located in the same region of the left temporal pole. This same region was the point of maximal atrophy in 100% of individual patients in both semantic variant primary progressive aphasia samples. Using resting state functional connectivity in healthy young adults (n = 89), we showed that the seed region derived from the semantic variant primary progressive aphasia analysis was strongly connected with a large-scale network that closely resembled the distributed atrophy pattern in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. In both patient samples, the magnitude of atrophy within a brain region was predicted by that region's strength of functional connectivity to the temporopolar seed region in healthy adults. These findings suggest that cortical atrophy in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia may follow connectional pathways within a large-scale network that converges on the temporal pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Victor Montal
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Collins JA, Koski JE, Olson IR. More Than Meets the Eye: The Merging of Perceptual and Conceptual Knowledge in the Anterior Temporal Face Area. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:189. [PMID: 27199711 PMCID: PMC4852584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of research has supported the existence of a small face sensitive region in the ventral anterior temporal lobe (ATL), referred to here as the "anterior temporal face area". The contribution of this region in the greater face-processing network remains poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to test the relative sensitivity of this region to perceptual as well as conceptual information about people and objects. We contrasted the sensitivity of this region to that of two highly-studied face-sensitive regions, the fusiform face area (FFA) and the occipital face area (OFA), as well as a control region in early visual cortex (EVC). Our findings revealed that multivoxel activity patterns in the anterior temporal face area contain information about facial identity, as well as conceptual attributes such as one's occupation. The sensitivity of this region to the conceptual attributes of people was greater than that of posterior face processing regions. In addition, the anterior temporal face area overlaps with voxels that contain information about the conceptual attributes of concrete objects, supporting a generalized role of the ventral ATLs in the identification and conceptual processing of multiple stimulus classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jessica E Koski
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Austin Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Collins JA. Pulmonary dysfunction and massive transfusion. Bibl Haematol 2015:220-7. [PMID: 7378039 DOI: 10.1159/000430560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Collins JA. Problems and perspectives in surgical hemotherapy. Bibl Haematol 2015:241-5. [PMID: 6769426 DOI: 10.1159/000430562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
In this review, we synthesize the existing literature demonstrating the dynamic interplay between conceptual knowledge and visual perceptual processing. We consider two theoretical frameworks that demonstrate interactions between processes and brain areas traditionally considered perceptual or conceptual. Specifically, we discuss categorical perception, in which visual objects are represented according to category membership, and highlight studies showing that category knowledge can penetrate early stages of visual analysis. We next discuss the embodied account of conceptual knowledge, which holds that concepts are instantiated in the same neural regions required for specific types of perception and action, and discuss the limitations of this framework. We additionally consider studies showing that gaining abstract semantic knowledge about objects and faces leads to behavioral and electrophysiological changes that are indicative of more efficient stimulus processing. Finally, we consider the role that perceiver goals and motivation may play in shaping the interaction between conceptual and perceptual processing. We hope to demonstrate how pervasive such interactions between motivation, conceptual knowledge, and perceptual processing are in our understanding of the visual environment, and to demonstrate the need for future research aimed at understanding how such interactions arise in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Collins
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA,
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Collins JA, Olson IR. Beyond the FFA: The role of the ventral anterior temporal lobes in face processing. Neuropsychologia 2014; 61:65-79. [PMID: 24937188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has supported the existence of a specialized face-processing network that is distinct from the visual processing areas used for general object recognition. The majority of this work has been aimed at characterizing the response properties of the fusiform face area (FFA) and the occipital face area (OFA), which together are thought to constitute the core network of brain areas responsible for facial identification. Although accruing evidence has shown that face-selective patches in the ventral anterior temporal lobes (vATLs) are interconnected with the FFA and OFA, and that they play a role in facial identification, the relative contribution of these brain areas to the core face-processing network has remained unarticulated. Here we review recent research critically implicating the vATLs in face perception and memory. We propose that current models of face processing should be revised such that the ventral anterior temporal lobes serve a centralized role in the visual face-processing network. We speculate that a hierarchically organized system of face processing areas extends bilaterally from the inferior occipital gyri to the vATLs, with facial representations becoming increasingly complex and abstracted from low-level perceptual features as they move forward along this network. The anterior temporal face areas may serve as the apex of this hierarchy, instantiating the final stages of face recognition. We further argue that the anterior temporal face areas are ideally suited to serve as an interface between face perception and face memory, linking perceptual representations of individual identity with person-specific semantic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Collins
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Tedford JL, Rodas-González A, Garmyn AJ, Brooks JC, Johnson BJ, Starkey JD, Clark GO, Derington AJ, Collins JA, Miller MF. U. S. consumer perceptions of U. S. and Canadian beef quality grades. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3685-92. [PMID: 24802035 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A U.S. consumer (n = 642) study (Baltimore, MD; Phoenix, AZ; and Lubbock, TX) was conducted to compare consumer sensory scores of U.S. beef (83 USDA Choice [Choice] and 96 USDA Select [Select]) and Canadian beef (77 AAA and 82 AA) strip loins. Strip loins (n = 338) were obtained from beef processors in Canada and the United States and were wet aged until 21 d postmortem at 2°C. Marbling scores were assigned at 21 d and loins were paired according to quality grades and marbling score. Strip loins were fabricated into 2.54-cm thick steaks; steaks were vacuum packaged and frozen until further evaluations. Proximate analysis was performed to compare fat, moisture, and protein. Choice and Canadian AAA had similar marbling scores and intramuscular fat. Both Choice and Canadian AAA had greater (P < 0.05) marbling scores and intramuscular fat than Canadian AA, but Select strip loins had intermediate values that were not different from any of the other grades (P > 0.05). Consumers' opinions did not differ when comparing equivalent grades (Choice with Canadian AAA and Select with Canadian AA), but they rated Choice and Canadian AAA more palatable than Select and Canadian AA for all sensory attributes (P < 0.05). Regarding percentage of acceptability and likelihood to buy score, consumers indicated a preference and greater probability to buy (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively) strip loin steaks from higher quality grade carcasses (Choice and Canadian AAA) than lower quality grade carcasses (Select and Canada AA). Additionally, consumers gave their opinion of Canadian beef, where its quality and safety were rated as "good" to "excellent" for both attributes (76.72% and 88.36%, respectively; P < 0.05), feeling confident in beef that is imported from Canada. In the same way, consumers indicated that country-of-origin labeling was a minimal factor influencing their beef steak purchasing decisions. Results from this consumer study indicated U.S. consumers could not differentiate between U.S. and Canadian beef within comparable quality grades; however, strip loin steaks from higher quality grades were more palatable than lower quality grades according to consumer scores for eating quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tedford
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - A Rodas-González
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - A J Garmyn
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - J C Brooks
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - B J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - J D Starkey
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - G O Clark
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - A J Derington
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - J A Collins
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - M F Miller
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
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Collins JA, More SJ, Hanlon A, Wall PG, McKenzie K, Duggan V. Use of qualitative methods to identify solutions to selected equine welfare problems in Ireland. Vet Rec 2012; 170:442. [PMID: 22331502 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the views of those in the Irish equine industry, organisations and government regarding necessary improvements to equine welfare in Ireland at unregulated gatherings and during the disposal process. Three qualitative research methods were employed, namely semistructured interviews, focus groups and a structured, facilitated workshop. Representatives from industry, welfare societies, socially disadvantaged groupings and government engaged with this process and shared their views regarding horse welfare and implementable solutions with merit to address welfare problems. A consensus was achieved that equine welfare in Ireland could be improved by the development of a comprehensive identification system, a Code of Practice for horse gatherings, a horse licensing scheme, ring-fenced funding to promote responsible, humane horse disposal and better means of raising awareness of the value of safeguarding horse welfare for the benefit of all parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Collins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Broeze KA, Opmeer BC, Van Geloven N, Coppus SFPJ, Collins JA, Den Hartog JE, Van der Linden PJQ, Marianowski P, Ng EHY, Van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Strandell A, Van der Veen F, Mol BWJ. Are patient characteristics associated with the accuracy of hysterosalpingography in diagnosing tubal pathology? An individual patient data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 17:293-300. [PMID: 21147835 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional meta-analysis has estimated the sensitivity and specificity of hysterosalpingography (HSG) to be 65% and 83%. The impact of patient characteristics on the accuracy of HSG is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess by individual patient data meta-analysis whether the accuracy of HSG is associated with different patient characteristics. METHODS We approached authors of primary studies reporting on the accuracy of HSG using findings at laparoscopy as the reference. We assessed whether patient characteristics such as female age, duration of subfertility and a clinical history without risk factors for tubal pathology were associated with the accuracy of HSG, using a random intercept logistic regression model. RESULTS We acquired data of seven primary studies containing data of 4521 women. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of HSG were 53% and 87% for any tubal pathology and 46% and 95% for bilateral tubal pathology. In women without risk factors, the sensitivity of HSG was 38% for any tubal pathology, compared with 61% in women with risk factors (P = 0.005). For bilateral tubal pathology, these rates were 13% versus 47% (P = 0.01). For bilateral tubal pathology, the sensitivity of HSG decreased with age [factor 0.93 per year (P = 0.05)]. The specificity of HSG was very stable across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of HSG in detecting tubal pathology was similar in all subgroups, except for women without risk factors in whom sensitivity was lower, possibly due to false-positive results at laparoscopy. HSG is a useful tubal patency screening test for all infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Broeze
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Drummond FA, Collins JA, Choate B, Woodman D, Jennings DT, Forsythe HY, Cokendolpher JC. Harvestman (Opiliones) fauna associated with Maine lowbush blueberry fields in the major production areas of Washington and Hancock counties. Environ Entomol 2010; 39:1428-1440. [PMID: 22546437 DOI: 10.1603/en09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over a period of 19 yr, the harvestman (Opiliones) community associated with the lowbush blueberry agro-ecosystem in Maine was studied. Eight species representing five genera, four subfamilies, and two families of harvestmen belonging to the suborder Eupnoi were collected. The harvestman community was dominated by two introduced, synanthropic species: Phalangium opilio in all but 1 yr (that year dominated by Rilaena triangularis). Rilaena was recorded for the first time from eastern North America. Relative abundance of harvestman adults increases throughout the season and the temporal pattern of trap capture does not refute speculated life cycles of the harvestmen being univoltine with overwintering eggs. Some blueberry management practices were found to affect trap capture. We did find that on average (with opposite results 1 yr) trap captures are greater in pruned fields than in fruit-bearing fields. Organic fields were found to have higher relative abundance of harvestmen than conventionally managed fields. Conventionally managed fields with reduced-risk insecticides showed no difference in harvestmen relative abundance compared with those conventionally managed fields using the older more persistent organophosphate insecticides. Insecticide trials with common insecticides used in blueberry insect pest management showed that the organophosphate insecticide, phosmet, and the pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate, were detrimental to P. opilio adults when exposed to leaf residues, whereas the reduced-risk insecticide, spinosad, showed no negative effects compared with nonsprayed foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Drummond
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Semaka A, Collins JA, Hayden MR. Unstable familial transmissions of Huntington disease alleles with 27-35 CAG repeats (intermediate alleles). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:314-20. [PMID: 19455596 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are inconsistent reports regarding the likelihood of repeat instability for alleles with 27-35 CAG repeats in the Huntington disease (HD) gene. We have examined the intergenerational stability of such intermediate alleles in 51 families from the University of British Columbia's DNA and Tissue Bank for Huntington Disease Research (UBC-HD Databank). A total of 181 transmissions were identified, with 30% (n = 54/181) of the alleles being unstable upon transmission. The unstable transmissions included both expansions (n = 37) and contractions (n = 17) of CAG size. Of the expanded alleles, 68% (n = 25/37) expanded into the HD range (>36 CAG). Therefore, 14% (n = 25/181) of the 27-35 CAG allele transmissions examined expanded into the disease-associated range resulting in a new mutation for HD. Significantly, of these new mutations, 40% (n = 10/25) originated from an allele with 35 CAG repeats with CAG repeat expansions ranging from +1 CAG to +23 CAG. The proportion of new mutations in the UBC-HD Databank is consistent with the most recent new mutation rate for HD, estimated to be at least 10%. The observed difference in the stability of HD intermediate allele transmissions in this data set and in other studies may be a reflection of a small sample size. Alternately, these inconsistencies may indicate an underlying difference in genetic factors which influence repeat instability between the different populations examined. Additional studies determining the frequency and magnitude of repeat instability in this CAG repeat range and factors that influence instability are urgently needed. Until we understand the clinical implications of HD alleles with 27-35 CAG repeats and establish reliable risks of instability, we should exercise caution when translating these results to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Semaka
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
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Fenley CL, Jones M, Long GF, Fenley JL, Collins JA, Black AC, Young HE. Decellularized native matrices + primitive adult stem cells + donor islets form islet organoids for the treatment of type‐I diabetes. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.466.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Jones
- Department of Internal MedicineMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - G F Long
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - A C Black
- Department of Medical EducationTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center‐El PasoPaul L. Foster School of MedicineEl PasoTX
| | - H E Young
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of PediatricsMercer University Scchool of MedicineMaconGA
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Katner TL, Fenley CL, Fenley JL, Long GF, Alena C, Lochner F, McCommon G, Samples O, Collins JA, Hixson D, Bowyer FP, Black AC, Young HE. CEA‐CAM‐1 positive stem cells from the brain of the adult pig. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.466.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Katner
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - C L Fenley
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - J L Fenley
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - G F Long
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - C Alena
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - F Lochner
- Department of Veterinary SciencesFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGA
| | - G McCommon
- Department of Veterinary SciencesFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGA
| | - O Samples
- Department of Veterinary SciencesFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGA
| | - J A Collins
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - D Hixson
- Department of Internal MedicineBrown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - F P Bowyer
- Department of PediatricsMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - A C Black
- Department of Medical EducationTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterPaul L. Foster School of MedicineEl PasoTX
| | - H E Young
- Division of Basic Medical SciencesMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
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Fenley JL, Fenley CL, Jones M, Glow J, Long GF, Collins JA, Hixson D, Bowyer FP, Black AC, Young HE. Maintenance and repair of the pancreas of the adult rat by primitive stem cells. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.466.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Jones
- Department of Internal MedicineMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - J Glow
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - G F Long
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences
| | | | - D Hixson
- Department of Internal MedicineBrown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - F P Bowyer
- Department of PediatricsMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
| | - A C Black
- Department of Medical EducationTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterPaul L. Foster School of MedicineEl PasoTX
| | - H E Young
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of PediatricsMercer University School of MedicineMaconGA
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Snick HK, Collins JA, Evers JLH. What is the most valid comparison treatment in trials of intrauterine insemination, timed or uninfluenced intercourse? A systematic review and meta-analysis of indirect evidence. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2239-45. [PMID: 18617592 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timed intercourse (TI), which is the usual control treatment in trials of intrauterine insemination (IUI), is not a typical coital activity and could impair fertility. This review summarizes the trials of IUI of male partner's prepared semen among subfertile couples according to whether the control group had TI or expectant management. METHODS A search of relevant databases and bibliographies until February 2008 yielded 150 citations of which 31 were potentially relevant and 11 met all criteria. The total estimates of the differences in pregnancy rates per couple were calculated with weights equal to the inverse variance. The primary analysis was a categorical meta-analysis by the type of control treatment (TI or expectant management). RESULTS In 11 trials with 13 comparisons of IUI and intercourse among 1329 couples with subfertility, the average difference in pregnancy rate between IUI and controls was 6.1% in trials with TI and 3.9% in trials with expectant management, as the control. The adjusted indirect estimate of the difference between the types of control groups was 2.8% (95% CI -6.3, 10.7). The difference by type of control treatment was not significant, neither in the 11 most relevant trials (P = 0.82), nor in a broader group of 19 trials and 2512 patients (P = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS The additional benefit accruing to IUI, where TI is the control, is not significant, but it is consistent with the possibility that pregnancy may be less likely in TI controls than in expectant management controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Snick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis Walcheren, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
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Henson NL, Heaton ML, Holland BH, Hawkins KC, Rawlings BA, Eanes EA, Bozof RG, Powell SW, Grau RE, Fortney JA, Peebles BG, Kumar D, Yoon JI, Godby KN, Collins JA, Sood R, Hixson D, Bowyer FP, Black AC, Young HE. Karyotypic analysis of adult pluripotent stem cells. Histol Histopathol 2005; 20:769-84. [PMID: 15944926 DOI: 10.14670/hh-20.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three categories of precursor cells have been identified in postnatal mammals: tissue-committed progenitor cells, germ layer lineage-committed stem cells and lineage-uncommitted pluripotent stem cells. Progenitor cells are the immediate precursors of differentiated tissues. Germ layer lineage stem cells can be induced to form multiple cell types belonging to their respective ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal embryological lineages. Pluripotent stem cells will form somatic cell types from all three primary germ layer lineages. Progenitor cells demonstrate a finite life span before replicative senescence and cell death occur. Both germ layer lineage stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are telomerase positive and display extensive capabilities for self-renewal. Stem cells which undergo such extensive replication have the potential for undergoing mutations that may subsequently alter cellular functions. Gross mutations in the genome may be visualized as chromosomal aneuploidy and/or chromosomes that appear aberrant. This study was designed to determine whether any gross genomic mutations occurred within the adult pluripotent stem cells. Karyotypic analysis was performed using pluripotent stem cells purified from adult male rats using established procedures. Giemsa Banding was used in conjunction with light microscopy to visualize metaphase chromosome spreads. To date over 800 metaphase spreads have been analyzed. We found that the metaphase spreads averaged 42 chromosomes and concluded that these pluripotent stem cells isolated from adult rats have a normal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Henson
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31207, USA
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Hunault CC, Habbema JDF, Eijkemans MJC, Collins JA, Evers JLH, te Velde ER. Two new prediction rules for spontaneous pregnancy leading to live birth among subfertile couples, based on the synthesis of three previous models. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2019-26. [PMID: 15192070 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several models have been published for the prediction of spontaneous pregnancy among subfertile patients. The aim of this study was to broaden the empirical basis for these predictions by making a synthesis of three previously published models. METHODS We used the original data from the studies of Eimers et al. (1994), Collins et al. (1995) and Snick et al. (1997) on couples consulting for various forms of subfertility. We developed a so-called three-sample synthesis model for predicting spontaneous conception leading to live birth within 1 year after intake based on the three data sets. The predictors used are duration of subfertility, women's age, primary or secondary infertility, percentage of motile sperm, and whether the couple was referred by a general practitioner or by a gynaecologist (referral status). The performance of this model was assessed according to a 'jack-knife' analysis. Because the post-coital test (PCT) was not assessed in one of the samples, a synthesis model including the PCT was based on two samples only. RESULTS The ability of the synthesis models to distinguish between women who became pregnant and those who did not was comparable to the ability of the one-sample models when applied in the other samples. The reliability of the predictions by the three-sample synthesis model was somewhat better. Predictions improved considerably by including the PCT. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis models performed better and had a broader empirical basis than the original models. They are therefore better suitable for application in other centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hunault
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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