1
|
Sánchez JAA, Barros DM, de Los Angeles Bistoni M, Ballesteros ML, Roggio MA, Martins CDGM. Glyphosate-based herbicides affect behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:29958-29970. [PMID: 33576960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roundup® is one of the most widely marketed glyphosate-based herbicides in the world. There are many different formulations of this brand that differ from each other in glyphosate concentration, salts and adjuvants, including surfactants, which are labelled as "inert" compounds. Several studies have shown that these formulations are highly toxic to fish, even compared with pure glyphosate. However, mechanisms underlying this toxicity are not fully understood. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of exposure to Roundup Original® (RO), Roundup Transorb® (RT), and Roundup WG® (RWG) on the behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. This fish naturally inhabits agricultural areas in southern Brazil and Argentina where glyphosate is used extensively. In the experiment, animals were exposed to the herbicides for 96 h, at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.5 mg/L of glyphosate. Swimming performance, anxiety, aggressiveness, long-term memory and male sexual activity were recorded. The formulation RWG negatively affected swimming performance, thigmotaxia and long-term memory consolidation. Conversely, RT reduced the sexual performance of males. These results confirm that Roundup® formulations are extremely harmful and also that they have different targets of toxicity, affecting behaviours that are essential for fish survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Marti Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Bistoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Ballesteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angelina Roggio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Camila De Gaspar Martinez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopes FC, Junior ASV, Corcini CD, Sánchez JAA, Pires DM, Pereira JR, Primel EG, Fillmann G, Martins CDMG. Impacts of the biocide chlorothalonil on biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality in guppy Poecilia vivipara. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109847. [PMID: 31732268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide present in antifouling paints and other formulations used in agriculture, although studies have shown this chemical to be toxic to fish species. To clarify the deleterious effects of chlorothalonil for these non-target organisms, the present study evaluated the toxic effects of this biocide for the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara in terms of an acute mortality test (96 h) and the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality. The LC50 calculated for P. vivipara was 40.8 μg/L of chlorothalonil. For the analysis of biomarkers, fish were exposed (96 h) to 1 and 10 μg/L of chlorothalonil. It was observed that chlorothalonil alters the levels of pro- and antioxidants towards oxidative stress. In the gills, a negative effect on total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) was detected, while there was a reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver. However, levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activity and glutamate-cysteine-ligase (GCL) increased in both tissues, as a possible detoxification response. Following chlorothalonil exposure, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation (LPO) significantly increased at the cellular level only (red blood cells (RBCs) and sperm cells). An increase in fluidity of membranes, reactive oxygen species concentration and micronuclei (MNs) incidence were also seen in RBCs. In sperm cells, LPO increased, while membrane and mitochondrial functionality as well as sperm motility decreased. Based on these results, chlorothalonil can be considered as a toxic compound for fish, causing genotoxicity and affecting the RBCs physiology and the fertility of males of P. vivipara.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Chaves Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Martins Pires
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albañil Sánchez JA, da Costa Klosterhoff M, Romano LA, De Martinez Gaspar Martins C. Histological evaluation of vital organs of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) exposed to glyphosate: A comparative analysis of Roundup ® formulations. Chemosphere 2019; 217:914-924. [PMID: 30471482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Roundup formulations are herbicides whose active principle is glyphosate. However, these formulations are potentially more toxic to non-target organisms than pure glyphosate. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the toxic potential of the Roundup formulations through histological alterations in fish. Thus, males and females of the neotropical fish species Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) were exposed for 24 or 96 h to the Roundup Original® (RO), Roundup Transorb® (RT) or Roundup WG® (RWG) formulations, at a fixed concentration of 0.5 mg/L of glyphosate. This concentration is close to the maximum glyphosate limits found in the environment and is non-lethal to J. multidentata. The three formulations caused histological damage to the liver, gills and brain of J. multidentata, which increased over the exposure time. Differences in the histological alterations between females and males were observed in the liver and brain. Females were more tolerant to RO and RT than RWG. Males did not exhibit these differences in sensitiveness with formulations. The RWG caused more damage in the liver and gills and RT in the brain. Overall, there were differences in the toxicity of RO, RT and RWG and the toxic effect was presented through histological damage, reinforcing the usefulness of histological biomarkers for Roundup® toxicity. The comparison of the toxic potential of glyphosate-based herbicides is important because it could give support to the governmental organizations to set protective rules for the water ecosystems and human health, as well as to reduce the use of highly toxic formulations in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta da Costa Klosterhoff
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Romano
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez JAA, Varela AS, Corcini CD, da Silva JC, Primel EG, Caldas S, Klein RD, Martins CDMG. Effects of Roundup formulations on biochemical biomarkers and male sperm quality of the livebearing Jenynsia multidentata. Chemosphere 2017; 177:200-210. [PMID: 28288428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Roundup® formulations are the most consumed glyphosate-based herbicides in the world. When applied, they may reach water bodies and exert toxicity toward non-target species. This study evaluated and compared the effects of different variations of Roundup on biochemical biomarkers as oxidative parameters and Acethylchorinesterase (AChE) activity, and sperm quality of the livebearing Jenynsia multidentata. Fish were acutely (96 h) exposed to Roundup Original® (RO), Roundup Transorb® (RT) and Roundup WG® (RWG) at 0.0, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg L-1 of nominal glyphosate. The highest mortality (60%) was observed for fish exposed to RT at the highest concentration tested and at 0.5 mg L-1 non-mortality was observed, so this concentration was chosen for the experiments. Fish exposed to RO and RT (24 and 96 h) presented a state of oxidative imbalance, which caused lipid peroxidation (LPO) in their livers. Oxidative stress was more severe in RO treatment, which may be resulted in the highest hepathosomatic index at 96 h. However, fish exposed to RT presented a marked inhibition of AChE activity from membrane cells of muscle and brain tissues. Sperm quality was investigated in livebearing exposed (24 and 96 h) to the three formulations. Spermatozoa motility and concentration were affected by all formulations. Overall, Roundup formulations are harmful to the fish J. multidentata at 0.5 mg L-1 of glyphosate; however, mechanisms and potential of toxicity are different between formulations. The J. multidentata also represents a sensitive species and a good regional bio-monitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaina Camacho da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Daniele Klein
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|