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Belmonte M, Cabrera-Cosme L, Øbro NF, Li J, Grinfeld J, Milek J, Bennett E, Irvine M, Shepherd MS, Cull AH, Boyd G, Riedel LM, Che JLC, Oedekoven CA, Baxter EJ, Green AR, Barlow JL, Kent DG. Increased CXCL10 (IP-10) associates with advanced myeloproliferative neoplasms and its loss dampens erythrocytosis in mouse models. Exp Hematol 2024:104246. [PMID: 38763471 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Key studies in pre-leukemic disorders have linked increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines with accelerated phases of disease, but the precise role of the cellular microenvironment in disease initiation and evolution remains poorly understood. In myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), higher levels of specific cytokines have been previously correlated with increased disease severity (TNF-α, IP-10) and decreased survival (IL-8). Whereas TNF-α and IL-8 have been studied by numerous groups, there is a relative paucity of studies on IP-10 (CXCL10). Here we explore the relationship of IP-10 levels with detailed genomic and clinical data and undertake a complementary cytokine screen alongside functional assays in a wide range of MPN mouse models. Similar to patients, levels of IP-10 were increased in mice with more severe disease phenotypes (e.g., JAK2V617F/V617F TET2-/- double mutant mice) compared to those with less severe phenotypes (e.g., CALRdel52 or JAK2+/V617F mice) and WT littermate controls. While exposure to IP-10 did not directly alter proliferation or survival in single hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro, IP-10-/- mice transplanted with disease initiating HSCs developed an MPN phenotype more slowly, suggesting that the effect of IP-10 loss was non-cell autonomous. To explore the broader effects of IP-10 loss, we crossed IP-10-/- mice into a series of MPN mouse models and show that its loss reduces the erythrocytosis observed in mice with the most severe phenotype. Together these data point to a potential role for blocking IP-10 activity in the management of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Lilia Cabrera-Cosme
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nina F Øbro
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Milek
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Bennett
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Irvine
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa H Cull
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Boyd
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Riedel
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - James Lok Chi Che
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Oedekoven
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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2
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Clark PA, Gogoi M, Ferreira ACF, Kerscher B, Crisp A, Jolin HE, Murphy JE, Sivasubramaniam M, Pedro L, Walker JA, Heycock MWD, Shields JD, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ. Identification of aceNKPs, a committed common progenitor population of the ILC1 and NK cell continuum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203454119. [PMID: 36442116 PMCID: PMC7614094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203454119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) transcription factor reporter mice has shown a previously unexpected complexity in ILC hematopoiesis. Using novel polychromic mice to achieve higher phenotypic resolution, we have characterized bone marrow progenitors that are committed to the group 1 ILC lineage. These common ILC1/NK cell progenitors (ILC1/NKP), which we call "aceNKPs", are defined as lineage-Id2+IL-7Rα+CD25-α4β7-NKG2A/C/E+Bcl11b-. In vitro, aceNKPs differentiate into group 1 ILCs, including NK-like cells that express Eomes without the requirement for IL-15, and produce IFN-γ and perforin upon IL-15 stimulation. Following reconstitution of Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- hosts, aceNKPs give rise to a spectrum of mature ILC1/NK cells (regardless of their tissue location) that cannot be clearly segregated into the traditional ILC1 and NK subsets, suggesting that group 1 ILCs constitute a dynamic continuum of ILCs that can develop from a common progenitor. In addition, aceNKP-derived ILC1/NK cells effectively ameliorate tumor burden in a model of lung metastasis, where they acquired a cytotoxic NK cell phenotype. Our results identify the primary ILC1/NK progenitor that lacks ILC2 or ILC3 potential and is strictly committed to ILC1/NK cell production irrespective of tissue homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Paula A Clark
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C F Ferreira
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Kerscher
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen 63225, Germany
| | - Alastair Crisp
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Murphy
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Sivasubramaniam
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Pedro
- Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan W D Heycock
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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3
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Hardman CS, Chen YL, Salimi M, Nahler J, Corridoni D, Jagielowicz M, Fonseka CL, Johnson D, Repapi E, Cousins DJ, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Simmons A, Ogg G. IL-6 effector function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is NOD2 dependent. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe5084. [PMID: 34021026 PMCID: PMC7611333 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are spatially and epigenetically poised to respond to barrier compromise and associated immunological threats. ILC2, lacking rearranged antigen-specific receptors, are primarily activated by damage-associated cytokines and respond with type 2 cytokine production. To investigate ILC2 potential for direct sensing of skin pathogens and allergens, we performed RNA sequencing of ILC2 derived from in vivo challenged human skin or blood. We detected expression of NOD2 and TLR2 by skin and blood ILC2. Stimulation of ILC2 with TLR2 agonist alone not only induced interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 expression but also elicited IL-6 expression in combination with Staphylococcus aureus muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Heat-killed skin-resident bacteria provoked an IL-6 profile in ILC2 in vitro that was notably impaired in ILC2 derived from patients with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) mutations. In addition, we show that NOD2 signaling can stimulate autophagy in ILC2, which was also impaired in patients with NOD2 mutations. Here, we have identified a role for ILC2 NOD2 signaling in the differential regulation of ILC2-derived IL-6 and have reported a previously unrecognized pathway of direct ILC2 bacterial sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janina Nahler
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Jagielowicz
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chathuranga L Fonseka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Haim-Vilmovsky L, Henriksson J, Walker JA, Miao Z, Natan E, Kar G, Clare S, Barlow JL, Charidemou E, Mamanova L, Chen X, Proserpio V, Pramanik J, Woodhouse S, Protasio AV, Efremova M, Griffin JL, Berriman M, Dougan G, Fisher J, Marioni JC, McKenzie ANJ, Teichmann SA. Mapping Rora expression in resting and activated CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251233. [PMID: 34003838 PMCID: PMC8130942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Rora has been shown to be important for the development of ILC2 and the regulation of ILC3, macrophages and Treg cells. Here we investigate the role of Rora across CD4+ T cells in general, but with an emphasis on Th2 cells, both in vitro as well as in the context of several in vivo type 2 infection models. We dissect the function of Rora using overexpression and a CD4-conditional Rora-knockout mouse, as well as a RORA-reporter mouse. We establish the importance of Rora in CD4+ T cells for controlling lung inflammation induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, and have measured the effect on downstream genes using RNA-seq. Using a systematic stimulation screen of CD4+ T cells, coupled with RNA-seq, we identify upstream regulators of Rora, most importantly IL-33 and CCL7. Our data suggest that Rora is a negative regulator of the immune system, possibly through several downstream pathways, and is under control of the local microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nippostrongylus/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/parasitology
- Pneumonia/pathology
- Strongylida Infections/immunology
- Strongylida Infections/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Haim-Vilmovsky
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Henriksson
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Walker
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhichao Miao
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eviatar Natan
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gozde Kar
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jhuma Pramanik
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woodhouse
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna V. Protasio
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjana Efremova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Biomolecular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - John C. Marioni
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N. J. McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Panova V, Gogoi M, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Sivasubramaniam M, Jolin HE, Heycock MWD, Walker JA, Rana BMJ, Drynan LF, Hodskinson M, Pannell R, King G, Wing M, Easton AJ, Oedekoven CA, Kent DG, Fallon PG, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ. Group-2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent regulation of tissue neutrophil migration by alternatively activated macrophage-secreted Ear11. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:26-37. [PMID: 32457448 PMCID: PMC7790759 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 immunity is characterised by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, eosinophilia, mucus production, IgE, and alternatively activated macrophages (AAM). However, despite the lack of neutrophil chemoattractants such as CXCL1, neutrophils, a feature of type-1 immunity, are observed in type-2 responses. Consequently, alternative mechanisms must exist to ensure that neutrophils can contribute to type-2 immune reactions without escalation of deleterious inflammation. We now demonstrate that type-2 immune-associated neutrophil infiltration is regulated by the mouse RNase A homologue, eosinophil-associated ribonuclease 11 (Ear11), which is secreted by AAM downstream of IL-25-stimulated ILC2. Transgenic overexpression of Ear11 resulted in tissue neutrophilia, whereas Ear11-deficient mice have fewer resting tissue neutrophils, whilst other type-2 immune responses are not impaired. Notably, administration of recombinant mouse Ear11 increases neutrophil motility and recruitment. Thus, Ear11 helps maintain tissue neutrophils at homoeostasis and during type-2 reactions when chemokine-producing classically activated macrophages are infrequently elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Panova
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Present Address: The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Meera Sivasubramaniam
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Helen E. Jolin
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Morgan W. D. Heycock
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Jennifer A. Walker
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Batika M. J. Rana
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Lesley F. Drynan
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Michael Hodskinson
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Richard Pannell
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Gareth King
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Mark Wing
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
| | - Andrew J. Easton
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - David G. Kent
- Stem Cell Institute, Clifford-Allbutt Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK ,grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK ,grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Andrew N. J. McKenzie
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH UK
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6
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Abstract
Although, as the major organ of gas exchange, the lung is considered a nonlymphoid organ, an interconnected network of lung-resident innate cells, including epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells is crucial for its protection. These cells provide defense against a daily assault by airborne bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as prevent the development of cancer, allergy, and the outgrowth of commensals. Our understanding of this innate immune environment has recently changed with the discovery of a family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. All lack adaptive antigen receptors but can provide a substantial and rapid source of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13, and IL-17A or IL-22, respectively. Their ability to afford immediate protection to the lung and to influence subsequent adaptive immune responses highlights the importance of understanding ILC-regulated immunity for the design of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
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7
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Chen YL, Gomes T, Hardman CS, Vieira Braga FA, Gutowska-Owsiak D, Salimi M, Gray N, Duncan DA, Reynolds G, Johnson D, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Barlow JL, McKenzie AN, Teichmann SA, Haniffa M, Ogg G. Re-evaluation of human BDCA-2+ DC during acute sterile skin inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190811. [PMID: 31845972 PMCID: PMC7062525 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferon (IFN-I) and are traditionally defined as being BDCA-2+CD123+. pDCs are not readily detectable in healthy human skin, but have been suggested to accumulate in wounds. Here, we describe a CD1a-bearing BDCA-2+CD123int DC subset that rapidly infiltrates human skin wounds and comprises a major DC population. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that these cells are largely activated DCs acquiring features compatible with lymph node homing and antigen presentation, but unexpectedly express both BDCA-2 and CD123, potentially mimicking pDCs. Furthermore, a third BDCA-2-expressing population, Axl+Siglec-6+ DCs (ASDC), was also found to infiltrate human skin during wounding. These data demonstrate early skin infiltration of a previously unrecognized CD123intBDCA-2+CD1a+ DC subset during acute sterile inflammation, and prompt a re-evaluation of previously ascribed pDC involvement in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Gomes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare S. Hardman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe A. Vieira Braga
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicki Gray
- Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Dermatology and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Rana BMJ, Jou E, Barlow JL, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Walker JA, Knox C, Jolin HE, Hardman CS, Sivasubramaniam M, Szeto A, Cohen ES, Scott IC, Sleeman MA, Chidomere CI, Cruz Migoni S, Caamano J, Jorgensen HF, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A, McKenzie ANJ. A stromal cell niche sustains ILC2-mediated type-2 conditioning in adipose tissue. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1999-2009. [PMID: 31248899 PMCID: PMC6719433 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), type-2 cytokines, and eosinophils have all been implicated in sustaining adipose tissue homeostasis. However, the interplay between the stroma and adipose-resident immune cells is less well understood. We identify that white adipose tissue-resident multipotent stromal cells (WAT-MSCs) can act as a reservoir for IL-33, especially after cell stress, but also provide additional signals for sustaining ILC2. Indeed, we demonstrate that WAT-MSCs also support ICAM-1-mediated proliferation and activation of LFA-1-expressing ILC2s. Consequently, ILC2-derived IL-4 and IL-13 feed back to induce eotaxin secretion from WAT-MSCs, supporting eosinophil recruitment. Thus, MSCs provide a niche for multifaceted dialogue with ILC2 to sustain a type-2 immune environment in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batika M J Rana
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Jou
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Knox
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare S Hardman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aydan Szeto
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiamaka I Chidomere
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sara Cruz Migoni
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jorge Caamano
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helle F Jorgensen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Kerscher B, Barlow JL, Rana BM, Jolin HE, Gogoi M, Bartholomew MA, Jhamb D, Pandey A, Tough DF, van Oosterhout AJM, McKenzie ANJ. BET Bromodomain Inhibitor iBET151 Impedes Human ILC2 Activation and Prevents Experimental Allergic Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:678. [PMID: 31024538 PMCID: PMC6465521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) increase in frequency in eczema and allergic asthma patients, and thus represent a new therapeutic target cell for type-2 immune-mediated disease. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family of epigenetic regulators are known to support the expression of cell cycle and pro-inflammatory genes during type-1 inflammation, but have not been evaluated in type-2 immune responses. We isolated human ILC2 and examined the capacity of the BET protein inhibitor, iBET151, to modulate human ILC2 activation following IL-33 stimulation. iBET151 profoundly blocked expression of genes critical for type-2 immunity, including type-2 cytokines, cell surface receptors and transcriptional regulators of ILC2 differentiation and activation. Furthermore, in vivo administration of iBET151 during experimental mouse models of allergic lung inflammation potently inhibited lung inflammation and airways resistance in response to cytokine or allergen exposure. Thus, iBET151 effectively prevents human ILC2 activation and dampens type-2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kerscher
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Batika M Rana
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Bartholomew
- Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Deepali Jhamb
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - David F Tough
- Epigenetics DPU, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Glaxo Smith Kline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Donovan C, Starkey MR, Kim RY, Rana BMJ, Barlow JL, Jones B, Haw TJ, Mono Nair P, Budden K, Cameron GJM, Horvat JC, Wark PA, Foster PS, McKenzie ANJ, Hansbro PM. Roles for T/B lymphocytes and ILC2s in experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:143-150. [PMID: 30260499 PMCID: PMC6487813 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0518-178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, their specific roles in the pathogenesis of COPD are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the roles of T and B lymphocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in airway inflammation and remodelling, and lung function in an experimental model of COPD using mice that specifically lack these cells (Rag1−/− and Rorafl/flIl7rCre [ILC2‐deficient] mice). Wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, Rag1−/−, and Rorafl/flIl7rCre mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS; 12 cigarettes twice a day, 5 days a week) for up to 12 weeks, and airway inflammation, airway remodelling (collagen deposition and alveolar enlargement), and lung function were assessed. WT, Rag1−/−, and ILC2‐deficient mice exposed to CS had similar levels of airway inflammation and impaired lung function. CS exposure increased small airway collagen deposition in WT mice. Rag1−/− normal air‐ and CS‐exposed mice had significantly increased collagen deposition compared to similarly exposed WT mice, which was associated with increases in IL‐33, IL‐13, and ILC2 numbers. CS‐exposed Rorafl/flIl7rCre mice were protected from emphysema, but had increased IL‐33/IL‐13 expression and collagen deposition compared to WT CS‐exposed mice. T/B lymphocytes and ILC2s play roles in airway collagen deposition/fibrosis, but not inflammation, in experimental COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Batika M J Rana
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prema Mono Nair
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kurtis Budden
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centenary Institute and the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Hardman CS, Chen YL, Salimi M, Jarrett R, Johnson D, Järvinen VJ, Owens RJ, Repapi E, Cousins DJ, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg G. CD1a presentation of endogenous antigens by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaan5918. [PMID: 29273672 PMCID: PMC5826589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are effectors of barrier immunity, with roles in infection, wound healing, and allergy. A proportion of ILC2 express MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II) and are capable of presenting peptide antigens to T cells and amplifying the subsequent adaptive immune response. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CD1a-reactive T cells in allergy and infection, activated by the presentation of endogenous neolipid antigens and bacterial components. Using a human skin challenge model, we unexpectedly show that human skin-derived ILC2 can express CD1a and are capable of presenting endogenous antigens to T cells. CD1a expression is up-regulated by TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) at levels observed in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, and the response is dependent on PLA2G4A. Furthermore, this pathway is used to sense Staphylococcus aureus by promoting Toll-like receptor-dependent CD1a-reactive T cell responses to endogenous ligands. These findings define a previously unrecognized role for ILC2 in lipid surveillance and identify shared pathways of CD1a- and PLA2G4A-dependent ILC2 inflammation amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachael Jarrett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Valtteri J Järvinen
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Oliphant CJ, Hwang YY, Walker JA, Salimi M, Wong SH, Brewer JM, Englezakis A, Barlow JL, Hams E, Scanlon ST, Ogg GS, Fallon PG, McKenzie ANJ. MHCII-mediated dialog between group 2 innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) T cells potentiates type 2 immunity and promotes parasitic helminth expulsion. Immunity 2014; 41:283-95. [PMID: 25088770 PMCID: PMC4148706 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) release interleukin-13 (IL-13) during protective immunity to helminth infection and detrimentally during allergy and asthma. Using two mouse models to deplete ILC2s in vivo, we demonstrate that T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses are impaired in the absence of ILC2s. We show that MHCII-expressing ILC2s interact with antigen-specific T cells to instigate a dialog in which IL-2 production from T cells promotes ILC2 proliferation and IL-13 production. Deletion of MHCII renders IL-13-expressing ILC2s incapable of efficiently inducing Nippostrongylus brasiliensis expulsion. Thus, during transition to adaptive T cell-mediated immunity, the ILC2 and T cell crosstalk contributes to their mutual maintenance, expansion and cytokine production. This interaction appears to augment dendritic-cell-induced T cell activation and identifies a previously unappreciated pathway in the regulation of type-2 immunity. Genetic ablation of ILC2s impairs type-2 immunity MHCII-expressing ILC2s potentiate Th2 responses IL-2 from T cells promotes ILC2 proliferation and expression of type-2 cytokines MHCII and IL-13 expression by ILC2s is important for N. brasiliensis expulsion
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Affiliation(s)
| | - You Yi Hwang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jennifer A Walker
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - See Heng Wong
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, GRBC, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Jillian L Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emily Hams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seth T Scanlon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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13
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Meylan F, Hawley ET, Barron L, Barlow JL, Penumetcha P, Pelletier M, Sciumè G, Richard AC, Hayes ET, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Chen X, Paul WE, Wynn TA, McKenzie AN, Siegel RM. The TNF-family cytokine TL1A promotes allergic immunopathology through group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:958-68. [PMID: 24368564 PMCID: PMC4165592 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family cytokine TL1A (TNFSF15) costimulates T cells and promotes diverse T cell-dependent models of autoimmune disease through its receptor DR3. TL1A polymorphisms also confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we find that allergic pathology driven by constitutive TL1A expression depends on interleukin-13 (IL-13), but not on T, NKT, mast cells, or commensal intestinal flora. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) express surface DR3 and produce IL-13 and other type 2 cytokines in response to TL1A. DR3 is required for ILC2 expansion and function in the setting of T cell-dependent and -independent models of allergic disease. By contrast, DR3-deficient ILC2 can still differentiate, expand, and produce IL-13 when stimulated by IL-25 or IL-33, and mediate expulsion of intestinal helminths. These data identify costimulation of ILC2 as a novel function of TL1A important for allergic lung disease, and suggest that TL1A may be a therapeutic target in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric T. Hawley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Barron
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Pallavi Penumetcha
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Arianne C. Richard
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erika T. Hayes
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH
| | | | - Richard M. Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Contact Information: Richard M. Siegel, M.D, Ph.D. Bldg 10 Rm 13C103A, NIH Bethesda MD, 20892, 301-496-3761
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14
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Salimi M, Barlow JL, Saunders SP, Xue L, Gutowska-Owsiak D, Wang X, Huang LC, Johnson D, Scanlon ST, McKenzie ANJ, Fallon PG, Ogg GS. A role for IL-25 and IL-33-driven type-2 innate lymphoid cells in atopic dermatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2939-50. [PMID: 24323357 PMCID: PMC3865470 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells promote skin inflammation in mice and men, in part by producing IL-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-33 Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s, nuocytes, NHC) require RORA and GATA3 for their development. We show that human ILC2s express skin homing receptors and infiltrate the skin after allergen challenge, where they produce the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Skin-derived ILC2s express the IL-33 receptor ST2, which is up-regulated during activation, and are enriched in lesional skin biopsies from atopic patients. Signaling via IL-33 induces type 2 cytokine and amphiregulin expression, and increases ILC2 migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that E-cadherin ligation on human ILC2 dramatically inhibits IL-5 and IL-13 production. Interestingly, down-regulation of E-cadherin is characteristic of filaggrin insufficiency, a cardinal feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). ILC2 may contribute to increases in type 2 cytokine production in the absence of the suppressive E-cadherin ligation through this novel mechanism of barrier sensing. Using Rag1−/− and RORα-deficient mice, we confirm that ILC2s are present in mouse skin and promote AD-like inflammation. IL-25 and IL-33 are the predominant ILC2-inducing cytokines in this model. The presence of ILC2s in skin, and their production of type 2 cytokines in response to IL-33, identifies a role for ILC2s in the pathogenesis of cutaneous atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, England, UK
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15
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De Muylder G, Daulouède S, Lecordier L, Uzureau P, Morias Y, Van Den Abbeele J, Caljon G, Hérin M, Holzmuller P, Semballa S, Courtois P, Vanhamme L, Stijlemans B, De Baetselier P, Barrett MP, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Barron L, Wynn TA, Beschin A, Vincendeau P, Pays E. A Trypanosoma brucei kinesin heavy chain promotes parasite growth by triggering host arginase activity. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003731. [PMID: 24204274 PMCID: PMC3814429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to promote infection, the blood-borne parasite Trypanosoma brucei releases factors that upregulate arginase expression and activity in myeloid cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By screening a cDNA library of T. brucei with an antibody neutralizing the arginase-inducing activity of parasite released factors, we identified a Kinesin Heavy Chain isoform, termed TbKHC1, as responsible for this effect. Following interaction with mouse myeloid cells, natural or recombinant TbKHC1 triggered SIGN-R1 receptor-dependent induction of IL-10 production, resulting in arginase-1 activation concomitant with reduction of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity. This TbKHC1 activity was IL-4Rα-independent and did not mirror M2 activation of myeloid cells. As compared to wild-type T. brucei, infection by TbKHC1 KO parasites was characterized by strongly reduced parasitaemia and prolonged host survival time. By treating infected mice with ornithine or with NO synthase inhibitor, we observed that during the first wave of parasitaemia the parasite growth-promoting effect of TbKHC1-mediated arginase activation resulted more from increased polyamine production than from reduction of NO synthesis. In late stage infection, TbKHC1-mediated reduction of NO synthesis appeared to contribute to liver damage linked to shortening of host survival time. CONCLUSION A kinesin heavy chain released by T. brucei induces IL-10 and arginase-1 through SIGN-R1 signaling in myeloid cells, which promotes early trypanosome growth and favors parasite settlement in the host. Moreover, in the late stage of infection, the inhibition of NO synthesis by TbKHC1 contributes to liver pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine De Muylder
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Daulouède
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR 177 IRD CIRAD Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Lecordier
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Yannick Morias
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Den Abbeele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Protozoology Unit, Prins Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Protozoology Unit, Prins Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Hérin
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR 177 IRD CIRAD Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silla Semballa
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR 177 IRD CIRAD Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierrette Courtois
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR 177 IRD CIRAD Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoît Stijlemans
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N. J. McKenzie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Barron
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alain Beschin
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Vincendeau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR 177 IRD CIRAD Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Oliphant CJ, Wong SH, Walker JA, Hwang YY, Barlow JL, Hams E, Fallon PG, McKenzie AN. 190. Cytokine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Barlow JL, Peel S, Fox J, Panova V, Hardman CS, Camelo A, Bucks C, Wu X, Kane CM, Neill DR, Flynn RJ, Sayers I, Hall IP, McKenzie ANJ. IL-33 is more potent than IL-25 in provoking IL-13-producing nuocytes (type 2 innate lymphoid cells) and airway contraction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:933-41. [PMID: 23810766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-25 and IL-33 belong to distinct cytokine families, but experimental mouse studies suggest their immunologic functions in type 2 immunity are almost entirely overlapping. However, only polymorphisms in the IL-33 pathway (IL1RL1 and IL33) have been significantly associated with asthma in large-cohort genome-wide association studies. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify distinct pathways for IL-25 and IL-33 in the lung that might provide insight into their roles in asthma pathogenesis and potential for therapeutic intervention. METHODS IL-25 receptor-deficient (Il17rb(-/-)), IL-33 receptor-deficient (ST2, Il1rl1(-/-)), and double-deficient (Il17rb(-/-)Il1rl1(-/-)) mice were analyzed in models of allergic asthma. Microarrays, an ex vivo lung slice airway contraction model, and Il13(+/eGFP) mice were then used to identify specific effects of IL-25 and IL-33 administration. RESULTS Comparison of IL-25 and IL-33 pathway-deficient mice demonstrates that IL-33 signaling plays a more important in vivo role in airways hyperreactivity than IL-25. Furthermore, methacholine-induced airway contraction ex vivo increases after treatment with IL-33 but not IL-25. This is dependent on expression of the IL-33 receptor and type 2 cytokines. Confocal studies with Il13(+/eGFP) mice show that IL-33 more potently induces expansion of IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells, correlating with airway contraction. This predominance of IL-33 activity is enforced in vivo because IL-33 is more rapidly expressed and released in comparison with IL-25. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that IL-33 plays a critical role in the rapid induction of airway contraction by stimulating the prompt expansion of IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells, whereas IL-25-induced responses are slower and less potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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18
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Stanya KJ, Jacobi D, Liu S, Bhargava P, Dai L, Gangl MR, Inouye K, Barlow JL, Ji Y, Mizgerd JP, Qi L, Shi H, McKenzie ANJ, Lee CH. Direct control of hepatic glucose production by interleukin-13 in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 123:261-71. [PMID: 23257358 DOI: 10.1172/jci64941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a result of impaired insulin action on glucose production and disposal, and a major target of antidiabetic therapies. The study of insulin-independent regulatory mechanisms of glucose metabolism may identify new strategies to lower blood sugar levels. Here we demonstrate an unexpected metabolic function for IL-13 in the control of hepatic glucose production. IL-13 is a Th2 cytokine known to mediate macrophage alternative activation. Genetic ablation of Il-13 in mice (Il-13-/-) resulted in hyperglycemia, which progressed to hepatic insulin resistance and systemic metabolic dysfunction. In Il-13-/- mice, upregulation of enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis was a primary event leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism. IL-13 inhibited transcription of gluconeogenic genes by acting directly on hepatocytes through Stat3, a noncanonical downstream effector. Consequently, the ability of IL-13 to suppress glucose production was abolished in liver cells lacking Stat3 or IL-13 receptor α1 (Il-13rα1), which suggests that the IL-13Rα1/Stat3 axis directs IL-13 signaling toward metabolic responses. These findings extend the implication of a Th1/Th2 paradigm in metabolic homeostasis beyond inflammation to direct control of glucose metabolism and suggest that the IL-13/Stat3 pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for glycemic control in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Stanya
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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19
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Kang Z, Swaidani S, Yin W, Wang C, Barlow JL, Gulen MF, Bulek K, Do JS, Aronica M, McKenzie ANJ, Min B, Li X. Epithelial cell-specific Act1 adaptor mediates interleukin-25-dependent helminth expulsion through expansion of Lin(-)c-Kit(+) innate cell population. Immunity 2012; 36:821-33. [PMID: 22608496 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25 or IL-17E), a member of the structurally related IL-17 family, functions as an important mediator of T helper 2 cell-type (type 2) responses. We examined the cell type-specific role of IL-25-induced Act1-mediated signaling in protective immunity against helminth infection. Targeted Act1 deficiency in epithelial cells resulted in a marked delay in worm expulsion and abolished the expansion of the Lin(-)c-Kit(+) innate cell population in the mesenteric lymph node, lung, and liver. Th2 cell-inducing cytokine (IL-25 and IL-33) expression were reduced in the intestinal epithelial cells from the infected and IL-25-injected epithelial-specific Act1-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer of Lin(-)c-Kit(+) cells or combined injection of IL-25 and IL-33 restored the type 2 responses in these mice. Taken together, these results suggest that epithelial-specific Act1 mediates the expansion of the Lin(-)c-Kit(+) innate cell population through the positive-feedback loop of IL-25, initiating the type 2 immunity against helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Kang
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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20
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Abstract
Type 2 immune responses, characterized by the differentiation of CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the production of the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, are associated with parasitic helminth infections and inflammatory conditions such as asthma and allergies. Until recently the initiating factors associated with type 2 responses had been poorly understood. This review addresses the recent advances in identifying the diverse range of antigens/allergens associated with type 2 responses and the function, expression and sources of type-2-initiating cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25 and IL-33). We also discuss the latest findings regarding innate lymphoid cells, such as nuocytes, as early sources of type 2 cytokines and their importance in protective immunity to helminth infections. These developments represent major breakthroughs in our understanding of type 2 immunity, and highlight the increased complexity existing between the innate and adaptive arms of these responses. These additional steps in the type 2 immune pathway also offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Camelo A, Barlow JL, Drynan LF, Neill DR, Ballantyne SJ, Wong SH, Pannell R, Gao W, Wrigley K, Sprenkle J, McKenzie ANJ. Blocking IL-25 signalling protects against gut inflammation in a type-2 model of colitis by suppressing nuocyte and NKT derived IL-13. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1198-211. [PMID: 22539101 PMCID: PMC3501170 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-25 (IL-25) is a potent activator of type-2 immune responses. Mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis is driven by type-2 cytokines. We have previously shown that a neutralizing anti-IL-25 antibody abrogated airways hyperreactivity in an experimental model of lung allergy. Therefore, we asked whether blocking IL-25 via neutralizing antibodies against the ligand or its receptor IL-17BR could protect against inflammation in an oxazolone-induced mouse model of colitis. METHODS Neutralizing antibodies to IL-25 or IL-17BR were administered to mice with oxazolone-induced colitis, a model of ulcerative colitis. The disease onset was evaluated by weight loss and degree of colon ulceration. Also, lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) infiltrates were assessed for mucosal inflammation and cultured in vitro to determine cytokine production. RESULTS We found that in oxazolone colitis IL-25 production derives from intestinal epithelial cells and that IL-17BR(+) IL-13-producing natural killer T (NKT) cells and nuocytes drive the intestinal inflammation. Blocking IL-25 signalling considerably improved the clinical aspects of the disease, including weight loss and colon ulceration, and resulted in fewer nuocytes and NKT cells infiltrating the mucosa. The improved pathology correlated with a decrease in IL-13 production by lamina propria cells, a decrease in the production of other type-2 cytokines by MLN cells, and a decrease in blood eosinophilia and IgE. CONCLUSION IL-25 plays a pro-inflammatory role in the oxazolone colitis model, and neutralizing antibodies to IL-25 or IL-17BR can slow the ongoing inflammation in this disease. Because this model mimics aspects of human ulcerative colitis, these antibodies may represent potential therapeutics for reducing gut inflammation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camelo
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel R. Neill
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE UK
| | | | - See Heng Wong
- Present Address: MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB1 6GH UK
| | - Richard Pannell
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Gao
- Centocor Research and Development, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087 USA
| | - Keely Wrigley
- Centocor Research and Development, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087 USA
| | - Justin Sprenkle
- Centocor Research and Development, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087 USA
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Barlow JL, Bellosi A, Hardman CS, Drynan LF, Wong SH, Cruickshank JP, McKenzie ANJ. Innate IL-13-producing nuocytes arise during allergic lung inflammation and contribute to airways hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:191-8.e1-4. [PMID: 22079492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are thought to be central to the allergic asthmatic response. Previous work supposed that the essential source of these cytokines was CD4(+) T(H)2 cells. However, more recent studies have suggested that other innate production of type 2 cytokines might be as important. OBJECTIVES Nuocytes are a novel population of IL-13-producing innate cells, which are critical for protective immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Given this, we investigated the potential existence and functional importance of nuocytes in experimental allergic asthma. METHODS We generated Il4(+/eGFP)Il13(+/Tomato) dual-reporter mice to study cytokine-producing cells during allergic inflammation. We adoptively transferred innate IL-13-producing cells to investigate their role in airways hyperreactivity (AHR). RESULTS We show that allergen-induced nuocytes infiltrate the lung and are a major innate source of IL-13. CD4(+) T cells in the lung almost exclusively express only IL-13, whereas IL-4-producing T cells were restricted to the draining lymph nodes. Intranasal administration of IL-25 or IL-33 induced IL-13-producing nuocytes in the BAL fluid. Strikingly, adoptive transfer of wild-type nuocytes, but not Il13(-/-) nuocytes, into Il13(-/-) mice, which are normally resistant to IL-25-induced AHR, restored airways resistance and lung cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify nuocytes as a novel cell type in allergic lung inflammation and an innate source of IL-13 that can directly induce AHR in the absence of IL-13-producing CD4(+) T cells. These data highlight nuocytes as an important new consideration in the development of future allergic asthma therapy.
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Barlow JL, Flynn RJ, Ballantyne SJ, McKenzie ANJ. Reciprocal expression of IL-25 and IL-17A is important for allergic airways hyperreactivity. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1447-55. [PMID: 21722219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-25 (IL-17E) is a potent inducer of the type-2 immune effector response. Previously we have demonstrated that a neutralizing anti-IL-25 antibody, given during the establishment of ovalbumin-specific lung allergy, abrogates airways hyperreactivity. OBJECTIVE Blocking IL-25 results in the suppression of IL-13, a cytokine known to exacerbate pulmonary inflammation, and an unexpected reciprocal increase in IL-17A. The role of IL-17A in asthma is complex with reports of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Our aim was to determine the influence of IL-17A in regulating IL-25-dependent lung allergy. METHOD Neutralizing antibodies to IL-25 and/or IL-17A were administered during an experimental model of allergic asthma. Bronchoalveolar cell infiltrates and lung cytokine production were determined to assess lung inflammation. Invasive plethysmography was undertaken to measure lung function. RESULTS Neutralization of IL-25 correlated with a decrease in IL-13 levels and an increase in IL-17A production, and an accompanying prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Notably, the blocking of IL-17A reversed the protective effects of treating with anti-IL-25 antibodies, resulting in the re-expression of several facets of the lung inflammatory response, including IL-13 and eotaxin production, eosinophilia and AHR. Using mice over-expressing IL-13 we demonstrate that treatment of these mice with anti-IL-25 fails to suppress IL-13 levels and in turn IL-17A levels remain suppressed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IL-13 is known to be an important inducer of lung inflammation, causing goblet cell hyperplasia and promoting airways hyperreactivity. Our data now demonstrate that IL-13 also plays an important role in the genesis of lung inflammation downstream of IL-25 by suppressing a protective IL-17A response. These findings also highlight the important reciprocal interplay of the IL-17 family members, IL-25 and IL-17A, in regulating allergic lung responses and suggest that the balance of IL-17A, together with IL-25, will be an important consideration in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Activation and differentiation of the Th1 cell population lead to their production of the classical type-1 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-β, thus promoting type-1 immunity. This is thought to occur via the ligation of TLRs by bacterial and viral products, which in turn, drive production of the essential Th1 cell differentiation factor, IL-12, by dendritic cells (DCs). Concurrent studies have been able to identify the effector cytokines produced by Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) as being essential for parasitic immunity and also as essential factors in allergic asthma. However, the factors that are critical for initiation of the type-2 response remained obscure. Recently however, two critical observations have led to a more detailed understanding of the innate type-2 response. First, two novel, type-2-inducing cytokines-IL-25 and IL-33-were identified as being necessary for the up-regulation of the type-2 effector cytokines, mirroring the role of IL-12 in the type-1 response. Second, studies focused on target cell populations of IL-25 and IL-33 have identified novel, innate cell populations, which potentially bridge the gap between presentation of the type-2-inducing cytokine and the later adaptive Th2 cell response. In this review, we will discuss these new type-2 innate cell populations, in particular, the recently discovered nuocyte population, which are required for type-2 responses against helminthic parasites.
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25
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Abstract
Background Initial studies suggested that polymorphisms in Tim1 and Tim3 contribute to the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in an acute mouse model of asthma. This was also mirrored in human genetic studies where polymorphisms in Tim1 and Tim3 have been associated with atopic populations. Objective Further studies using anti-Tim1 or -Tim3 antibodies, or Tim fusion proteins, have also suggested that these molecules may function as regulators of type-1 and type-2 immunity. However, their role in the development of AHR and airway inflammation remains unclear. Given the proposed roles for Tim1 and Tim3 in type-1 and type-2 responses, we sought to determine whether these molecules were important in regulating antigen-driven lung allergy and inflammation. Method We used Tim1- and Tim3-deficient mice and determined how the development of allergic lung inflammation was affected. Results AHR was induced normally in the absence of both Tim1 and Tim3, although Tim1-deficient mice did show a small but significant decrease in cell infiltration in the lung and blood eosinophilia. Although Tim3 was expressed on CD4+ T cells in the allergic lung, Tim1 expression was restricted to CD86+ B cells. Conclusions and clinical relevance Thus, Tim1 and Tim3 are not essential for the induction of the type-2 response in lung allergy. This is contrary to what was proposed in a number of other studies using neutralizing and activating antibodies and questions the clinical relevance of Tim1 and Tim3 for novel allergy therapies. Cite this as: J. L. Barlow, S. H. Wong, S. J. Ballantyne, H. E. Jolin and A. N. J. McKenzie, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1012–1021.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of acquired clonal bone marrow disorders, characterised by ineffective hematopoiesis. The mechanisms underlying many of these blood disorders have remained elusive due to the difficulty in pinpointing specific gene mutations or haplo-insufficencies, which can occur within large deleted regions. However, there is an increasing interest in the classification of some of these diseases as ribosomopathies. Indeed, studies have implicated Ribosomal Protein (RP) S14 as a strong candidate for haploinsufficiency in 5q- syndrome, a particular form of MDS. Recently, two novel mouse models have provided evidence for the involvement of both RPS14 and the p53 pathway, and specific miRNAs in 5q- syndrome. In this review we will discuss: 5q- syndrome mouse models, the possible mechanisms underlying this blood disorder with respect to the candidate genes and comparisons with other ribosomopathies and the involvement of the p53 pathway in these diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Macrocytic/genetics
- Anemia, Macrocytic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- RNA Interference
- Ribosomal Proteins/genetics
- Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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27
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Wong SH, Barlow JL, Nabarro S, Fallon PG, McKenzie ANJ. Tim-1 is induced on germinal centre B cells through B-cell receptor signalling but is not essential for the germinal centre response. Immunology 2010; 131:77-88. [PMID: 20518819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (Tim-1) has been proposed to be an important T-cell immunoregulatory molecule since its expression on activated T cells was discovered. To study the role of Tim-1 on T cells in vitro and in vivo we generated both Tim-1-deficient mice and several lines of Tim-1 transgenic mice with Tim-1 expression on either T cells, or B and T cells. We demonstrate that neither deficiency nor over-expression of Tim-1 on B and T cells results in modulation of their proliferation in vitro. More surprisingly, T helper type 2 cells generated either from Tim-1-deficient mice or Tim-1 transgenic mice did not show enhancement of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-10 production. Furthermore, using a Schistosoma mansoni egg challenge as a potent T helper type 2 response inducer we also show that Tim-1 is not essential for T- and B-cell responses in vivo. However, we observe induction of Tim-1 on B cells following B-cell receptor (BCR), but not Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in vitro. We show that the induction of Tim-1 on B cells following BCR stimulation is phosphoinositide-3 kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB pathway dependent. More importantly, we conclude that Tim-1 is predominantly expressed on germinal centre B cells in vivo although the percentage of germinal centre B cells in wild-type and Tim-1-deficient mice is comparable. Identification of Tim-1 as a marker for germinal centre B cells will contribute to the interpretation and future analysis of the effects of the anti-Tim-1 antibodies in vivo.
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28
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Saunders SP, Barlow JL, Walsh CM, Bellsoi A, Smith P, McKenzie ANJ, Fallon PG. C-type lectin SIGN-R1 has a role in experimental colitis and responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 2010; 184:2627-37. [PMID: 20130211 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) function to maintain the balance between controlled responses to pathogens and uncontrolled innate immune activation leading to inflammation. In the context of commensal bacteria and the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, although a role for the TLRs is known, there is a less defined function for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). We demonstrate that mice deficient ((-/-)) in the CLR specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin homolog-related 1 (SIGN-R1) (CD209b) have reduced susceptibility to experimental colitis, with a reduction in the disease severity, colon damage, and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. To determine whether SIGN-R1(-/-) mice had a systemic defect in innate activation, we examined the responsiveness of macrophages from SIGN-R1(-/-) mice to TLR ligands. SIGN-R1(-/-) peritoneal macrophages, but not bone marrow-derived macrophages, have a specific defect in IL-1beta and IL-18 production, but not other cytokines, in response to the TLR4 ligand LPS. In vivo SIGN-R1(-/-) mice had significantly reduced susceptibility to LPS-induced shock. To address the synergistic relationship between SIGN-R1 and TLR4 in the context of experimental colitis, SIGN-R1/TLR4(-/-) mice were generated. SIGN-R1/TLR4(-/-) mice displayed reduced susceptibility to experimental colitis relative to severity of disease observed in wild-type or TLR4(-/-) mice. The in vivo use of a blocking mAb confirmed a functional role for SIGN-R1 in LPS-induced shock and experimental colitis. These data indicate a role for SIGN-R1 in the regulation of inflammation in a model of experimental colitis and illustrate that SIGN-R1 is a critical innate factor in response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Saunders
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Abstract
It has been well-established that type-2 immunity, characterized by eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus production, and B cell class switching to IgE, is highly dependent on the production of the type-2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. However, it is less clear how the type-2 cytokine effector response is induced and in addition what innate cell type produces the initiating factor. Recent reports highlight IL-25 as a type-2 inducing factor, with IL-25 administration resulting in severe gut and lung type-2 pathologies. The expression of IL-25 is also necessary for initiation of a robust type-2 response both at the genesis of the response, as with helminth infection, and during the response, as has been shown in experimental allergic asthma. It is also apparent that, as well as directly controlling type-2 immunity via IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, IL-25 may also interact with other cytokines and their receptors, such as IL-17A and the IL-17RA receptor. Here, we review the role of IL-25 as an important factor in controlling the initiation and severity of the type-2 response, and as an alternative therapeutic target to the type-2 cytokine family, for the treatment of allergic asthma. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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30
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Ballantyne SJ, Barlow JL, Jolin HE, Nath P, Williams AS, Chung KF, Sturton G, Wong SH, McKenzie ANJ. Blocking IL-25 prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1324-31. [PMID: 17889290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-25 (IL-17E), a member of the IL-17 family of immunoregulatory cytokines, has been implicated in the regulation of type 2 immunity. Its roles in antigen-driven airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remain to be fully established. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether a neutralizing antibody against IL-25 represents a novel therapeutic for airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. METHODS We generated a neutralizing mAb against IL-25 and used this to inhibit IL-25 in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. RESULTS Blocking IL-25 in an experimental model of allergic asthma prevented AHR, a critical feature of clinical asthma. Administration of anti-IL-25 mAb during the sensitization phase resulted in significantly reduced levels of IL-5 and IL-13 production, eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and serum IgE secretion, and prevented AHR. Even more striking was the ability of anti-IL-25 mAb, administered only during the challenge phase of the response, specifically to prevent AHR even during an ongoing type 2 inflammatory response in the lungs. CONCLUSION IL-25 is critical for development of AHR. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS We define a novel pathway for the induction of AHR and suggest that IL-25 represents an important therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma. Significantly, our antibody also blocks the binding of human IL-25 to its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Ballantyne
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van Vunakis
- DIVISION OF LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH, NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ALBANY
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32
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Fallon PG, Ballantyne SJ, Mangan NE, Barlow JL, Dasvarma A, Hewett DR, McIlgorm A, Jolin HE, McKenzie ANJ. Identification of an interleukin (IL)-25-dependent cell population that provides IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 at the onset of helminth expulsion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:1105-16. [PMID: 16606668 PMCID: PMC2118283 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity, which involves coordinated regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, can protect against helminth parasite infection, but may lead to allergy and asthma after inappropriate activation. We demonstrate that il25−/− mice display inefficient Nippostrongylus brasiliensis expulsion and delayed cytokine production by T helper 2 cells. We further establish a key role for interleukin (IL)-25 in regulating a novel population of IL-4–, IL-5–, IL-13–producing non–B/non–T (NBNT), c-kit+, FcɛR1− cells during helminth infection. A deficit in this population in il25−/− mice correlates with inefficient N. brasiliensis expulsion. In contrast, administration of recombinant IL-25 in vivo induces the appearance of NBNT, c-kit+, FcɛR1− cells and leads to rapid worm expulsion that is T and B cell independent, but type 2 cytokine dependent. We demonstrate that these IL-25–regulated cells appear rapidly in the draining lymph nodes, implicating them as a source of type 2 cytokines during initiation of worm expulsion.
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33
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal tetanus (NNT) is an important cause of mortality in resource poor countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. There are no reports of the long-term outcome of children who survive NNT in African hospitals. DESIGN In a retrospective study of children discharged from Kilifi District Hospital (KDH), Kenya with NNT, each child was linked with a comparative child (CC) in the community matched for age, sex and locality. PARTICIPANTS A total of 123 patients were admitted with NNT between 1992 and 1996, of whom 68% died. Twenty-three (59%) of the 39 survivors were traced in the community, 10 had moved away, six had died. OUTCOME MEASURES NNT survivors underwent a neurological and developmental examination and a questionnaire was administered to the parents about the behaviour of the child. A verbal autopsy was used to determine the cause of death in children who had died after discharge. RESULTS The head circumference of NNT survivors was significantly smaller than that of CC (P=0.037); eight children had microcephaly compared with one CC (P=0.011). NNT survivors had more problems with hand-eye co-ordination tasks (P=0.035), a lower summated developmental score (P=0.023) and more mild neurological abnormalities (P=0.008) than CC. Parents of NNT survivors reported more behavioural problems (P=0.02) than parents of CC. CONCLUSIONS Children who survive NNT have evidence of brain damage that manifests as microcephaly, mild neurological abnormalities, developmental impairment - particularly fine motor difficulties - and behaviour problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Barlow
- Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
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34
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Boyd SA, Fung AK, Baker WR, Mantei RA, Stein HH, Cohen J, Barlow JL, Klinghofer V, Wessale JL, Verburg KM. Nonpeptide renin inhibitors with good intraduodenal bioavailability and efficacy in dog. J Med Chem 1994; 37:2991-3007. [PMID: 7932521 DOI: 10.1021/jm00045a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the discovery of nonpeptide renin inhibitors with much improved oral absorption, bioavailability, and efficacy, for use as antihypertensive agents. Our prior efforts led to the identification of A-74273 [1,R = 3-(4-morpholino)propyl], with a bioavailability of 26 +/- 10% [10 mg/kg intraduodenally (id), dog]. In vivo metabolism studies of A-74273 showed that the morpholino moiety underwent metabolic degradation. Computer modeling of A-74273 bound to renin indicated that the C-terminus was involved in a hydrogen-bonding network. New C-terminal groups were examined in two series of nonpeptides for effects on renin binding potency, lipophilicity (log P), and aqueous solubility. Those groups which possessed multiple hydrogen-bonding ability (3,5-diaminotriazole, cyanoguanidines, morpholino) provided particularly potent renin binding. Intraduodenal bioavailabilities of selected compounds, evaluated in rats, ferrets, and dogs, were higher for inhibitors with moderate solubility as well as moderate lipophilicity, in general. Although the absolute values varied substantially among species, the relative ordering of the inhibitors in terms of absorption and bioavailability was reasonably consistent. Such well absorbed inhibitors (e.g. 41, 44, and 51) were demonstrated as highly efficacious hypotensive agents in the salt-depleted dog. We report here the discovery of a series of efficacious nonpeptide renin inhibitors based on the 3-azaglutaramide P2-P4 replacement, the best of which showed id bioavailabilities > 50% in dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boyd
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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35
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Rosenberg SH, Spina KP, Condon SL, Polakowski J, Yao Z, Kovar P, Stein HH, Cohen J, Barlow JL, Klinghofer V. Studies directed toward the design of orally active renin inhibitors. 2. Development of the efficacious, bioavailable renin inhibitor (2S)-2-benzyl-3- [[(1-methylpiperazin-4-yl)sulfonyl]propionyl]-3-thiazol-4-yl-L-alanine amide of (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylheptane (A-72517). J Med Chem 1993; 36:460-7. [PMID: 8474102 DOI: 10.1021/jm00056a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Employing a set of empirical guidelines for the design of well-absorbed renin inhibitors, we have followed two strategies to improve potency while maintaining bioavailability. One process involved incorporation of an extended N-terminal residue bearing a weakly basic substituent and is exemplified by compound 25. The other approach centered on the inclusion of an N-terminal sulfonamide and culminated in the discovery of inhibitor 32 (A-72517). Both 25 and 32 showed excellent bioavailability in the rat and ferret (> 25%) and, while subject to hepatic elimination in the monkey, were efficacious in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rosenberg
- Abbott Laboratories, Cardiovascular Research Division, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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36
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Rosenberg SH, Spina KP, Woods KW, Polakowski J, Martin DL, Yao Z, Stein HH, Cohen J, Barlow JL, Egan DA. Studies directed toward the design of orally active renin inhibitors. 1. Some factors influencing the absorption of small peptides. J Med Chem 1993; 36:449-59. [PMID: 8474101 DOI: 10.1021/jm00056a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A systematic evaluation of structure-absorption relationships using a high throughput intraduodenal rat screening model has led to the delineation of a set of structural parameters that appear to govern bioavailability in a series of peptide-based renin inhibitors. Optimum structures, exemplified by 25 and 41, incorporated a single, solubilizing substituent at the C- or N-terminus combined with a lipophilic P2-site residue. Both inhibitors gave unprecedented plasma drug levels upon intraduodenal administration to monkeys, and the calculated bioavailability for 41 (14 +/- 4%) is the highest reported for any peptidic renin inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rosenberg
- Abbott Laboratories, Cardiovascular Research Division, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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37
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Verburg KM, Polakowski JS, Kovar PJ, Klinghofer V, Barlow JL, Stein HH, Mantei RA, Fung AK, Boyd SA, Baker WR. Effects of high doses of A-74273, a novel nonpeptidic and orally bioavailable renin inhibitor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21:149-55. [PMID: 7678671 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199301000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies with peptidic renin inhibitors have shown that high intravenous (i.v.) doses can induce unexpectedly large decreases in blood pressure (BP) that appear to be independent of plasma renin inhibition. A-74273 represents a new class of potent and orally bioavailable nonpeptidic renin inhibitors. We evaluated the BP effects of this renin inhibitor administered orally (p.o.) or i.v. at high doses to conscious salt-depleted dogs. Administration of A-74273 at 30 and 60 mg/kg p.o. (n = 6 per dose) produced similar maximum reductions in BP (-40 +/- 4 vs. -46 +/- 5 mm Hg) despite the occurrence of greater plasma drug concentrations at the higher dose. Duration of hypotension, however, was increased (p < 0.05) from 9 h at 30 mg/kg to 18 h at 60 mg/kg. The initial depressor response to 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v. doses of A-74273 (n = 6 per dose) was comparable, although duration and overall BP response was greater at 30 mg/kg i.v. No BP responses to A-74273 were noted in salt-replete dogs (n = 5). The hypotension produced by 30 mg/kg p.o. A-74273 was completely reversed by norepinephrine (NE 5 micrograms/kg/min; n = 5) or isotonic saline (4 ml/min/kg, n = 5) infusion. These studies demonstrate that high doses of A-74273 result in predictable BP responses that are renin-dependent and reversible. Therefore, large decreases in BP with high doses is not an attribute common to all renin inhibitors but appears to be a function of the structural characteristics specific to a particular compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Verburg
- Abbott Laboratories, Cardiovascular Research Division, Abbott Park, IL 60064
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38
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Baker WR, Fung AK, Kleinert HD, Stein HH, Plattner JJ, Armiger YL, Condon SL, Cohen J, Egan DA, Barlow JL. Nonpeptide renin inhibitors employing a novel 3-aza(or oxa)-2,4-dialkyl glutaric acid moiety as a P2/P3 amide bond replacement. J Med Chem 1992; 35:1722-34. [PMID: 1588554 DOI: 10.1021/jm00088a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new series of renin inhibitors has been developed. The inhibitors feature a novel replacement for the P2/P3 dipeptide moiety normally associated with renin inhibitors. The dipeptide replacement was a (2S,4S)-3-aza(or oxa)-2,4-dialkylglutaric acid amide. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies determined that optimum potency was achieved when inhibitors employed a benzyl and butyl group at the C(4) and C(2) carbon position, respectively. In addition, maximum in vitro potency was obtained when the N-terminus was functionalized by incorporating a 4-(1,3-dioxabutyl)piperidine amide. SAR data suggested that the 1,3-dioxabutyl group (methoxymethyl ether) interacted by hydrogen bonding to groups in the S4 domain of renin. This hypothesis was strengthened when a 4-butylpiperidine amide was substituted and inhibitor potency decreased dramatically. Inhibitors employing this novel dipeptide mimic were prepared by coupling the glutaric acid amides with either the transition-state mimic (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6- methylheptane (18) or the hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere. The glutaric acid amides were prepared by two general procedures. The first procedure involved the reductive amination of alpha-amino acid esters with alpha-keto esters. The second procedure involved the displacement reaction of alpha-bromo esters or acids with alpha-amino acid amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Baker
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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39
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Boyd SA, Fung AK, Baker WR, Mantei RA, Armiger YL, Stein HH, Cohen J, Egan DA, Barlow JL, Klinghofer V. C-terminal modifications of nonpeptide renin inhibitors: improved oral bioavailability via modification of physicochemical properties. J Med Chem 1992; 35:1735-46. [PMID: 1588555 DOI: 10.1021/jm00088a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a series of soluble, potent, and bioavailable nonpeptide renin inhibitors. These inhibitors derived from a series of novel nonpeptide renin inhibitors which were recently identified in our laboratories, by alteration of the nature of the C-terminus (P2') of the molecules. Introduction of basic substituents into modified hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres gave inhibitors with improved solubility as well as improved potency against human plasma renin. In addition, these modifications produced inhibitors which displayed markedly improved intraduodenal bioavailability in both the ferret and cynomolgus monkey. We also present data which demonstrate excellent efficacy in the monkey for A-74273 (65), with an intraduodenal bioavailability of 16 +/- 4% in the monkey, compared to 1.7 +/- 0.5% for the dipeptide renin inhibitor enalkiren (A-64662, 75). A-74273 is an example of a nonpeptide inhibitor which possesses a good balance of the desirable properties of potency, solubility, and lipophilicity and which is well absorbed into the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boyd
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park Illinois 60064
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40
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Abstract
Ten patients with metastatic disease to the liver were treated with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered by continuous hepatic arterial infusion. Two of nine evaluable patients had an objective partial response. Stable disease was recorded in three patients. Ototoxicity was encountered in all patients who received a daily dose of DFMO equal to or greater than 1.0 g/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lipton
- Division of Oncology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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41
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McCann PP, Bacchi CJ, Clarkson AB, Bey P, Sjoerdsma A, Schecter PJ, Walzer PD, Barlow JL. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in African trypanosomes and Pneumocystis carinii as a basis of chemotherapy: biochemical and clinical aspects. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 35:1153-6. [PMID: 3098121 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The symposium provided dramatic evidence of the value of the use of polyamine inhibition via alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, eflornithine) for advances in chemotherapy of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and also for further understanding the metabolic importance of the ubiquitous polyamines in these organisms.
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