1
|
Pan XX, Cao JM, Cai F, Ruan CC, Wu F, Gao PJ. Loss of miR-146b-3p Inhibits Perivascular Adipocyte Browning with Cold Exposure During Aging. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 32:511-518. [PMID: 30073586 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological changes of the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) are directly associated with increased risk of age-related vascular diseases. MicroRNAs regulate adipocyte biological functions including adipogenic differentiation and white adipocyte browning. The present study aims to determine whether miR-146b-3p is involved in the regulation of perivascular adipocyte browning during aging. METHODS We utilized a cold-induced animal model to investigate the effect of aging on perivascular adipocyte browning. We also detected the miR-146b-3p expression in the PVAT of young or old mice after cold stimulus. We further investigated the role of miR-146b-3p in regulating perivascular adipocyte browning in vitro and in vivo via administrating miRNA mimics or inhibitors. RESULTS Old mice showed decrease of perivascular adipocyte browning and downregulation of miR-146b-3p expression in the PVAT after cold stimulus. Oil red O staining and qPCR indicated that aging perturbed preadipocyte to brown adipocyte differentiation, and expression of miR-146b-3p gradually increased during differentiation. MiR-146b-3p inhibitors blocked brown adipocyte differentiation in young preadipocytes, whereas miR-146b-3p mimics rescued the differentiation of the old preadipocytes. Finally, miR-146b-3p knocks down inhibited perivascular adipocyte browning in young mice after cold stimulus. CONCLUSION Aging inhibits perivascular adipocyte browning, and loss of miR-146b-3p is a potential regulator for this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiu-Mei Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fan Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu TS, Ge LZ, Cao JM. Research Advances in Sympathetic Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction and Its Significance in Forensic Science. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 35:68-73. [PMID: 30896123 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic remodeling after myocardial infarction is presented as denervation, sympathetic nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation, and is closely related to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death at convalescence in patients with myocardial infarction. This article reviews the anatomic structure, morphology and functional remodeling of cardiac sympathetic nerve, as well as its role in healed myocardial infarction identification, which may provide references for forensic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China
| | - L Z Ge
- High District Branch of Weihai Public Security Bureau, Weihai 264200, Shandong Province, China
| | - J M Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang YT, Cao JM, Zhao CQ. [Principle of biological clock and its regulation on allergic rhinitis]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:1-4. [PMID: 30669189 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell degranulation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.Recent studies have shown that mast cell degranulation exhibits circadian rhythm, which may be related to the periodic expression of circadian clock gene in mast cell and to the association with this kind of circadian clock genes and FcεRI. This paper focused on the biological clock mechanism of mast cell degranulation and summarized the neuroendocrine mechanism of allergic rhinitis under the regulation of biological clock.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun WW, Xu ZH, Wang CF, Wu F, Cao JM, Cui PJ, Huang W, Jin XL, Li B, Chen KM, Gao BL, Hu JA. Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma with pancreatic metastasis: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4651-4656. [PMID: 28599465 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma is a markedly rare pathological type of lung adenocarcinoma. As the pancreas is a relatively uncommon site for metastasis, the present case is even more unusual. A 62-year-old male was admitted to hospital following the identification of masses in the left chest wall, right abdominal wall and right upper limb, but with no respiratory symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a lump in the lung and a mass in the left chest wall, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake by the lumps was increased. An enhanced abdominal CT revealed a hypodense and homogeneous mass on the head of the pancreas, which was slightly enhanced compared with normal pancreatic tissue. In addition, the 18F-FDG uptake of the lesion was increased and the standardized uptake value (SUV) delayed was not evidently decreased compared with SUVearly. A number of other abnormal metabolic lesions were also identified using positron emission tomography/CT, whereas no abnormal 18F-FDG uptake was identified in the gastrointestinal organ. Furthermore, rectocolonoscopy was performed to exclude diagnosis of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. The hematoxylin- and eosin-stained smears of the masses in the right lung and left chest demonstrated an enteric pattern, which shared morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features with those of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The IHC detection revealed that the lesions in the right lung were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and negative for CK20 and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), and the expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) was weakly positive; the masses in the left chest wall were positive for CK7, negative for TTF-1, and CK20 and CDX2 were weakly expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Mei Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Jing Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Jin
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Li Gao
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jia-An Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuang SQ, Geng L, Prakash SK, Cao JM, Guo S, Villamizar C, Kwartler CS, Peters AM, Brasier AR, Milewicz DM. Aortic remodeling after transverse aortic constriction in mice is attenuated with AT1 receptor blockade. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2172-9. [PMID: 23868934 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although hypertension is the most common risk factor for thoracic aortic diseases, it is not understood how increased pressures on the ascending aorta lead to aortic aneurysms. We investigated the role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation in ascending aortic remodeling in response to increased biomechanical forces using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model. APPROACH AND RESULTS Two weeks after TAC, the increased biomechanical pressures led to ascending aortic dilatation and thickening of the medial and adventitial layers of the aorta. There was significant adventitial hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in TAC ascending aortas were accompanied by increased adventitial collagen, elevated inflammatory and proliferative markers, and increased cell density attributable to accumulation of myofibroblasts and macrophages. Treatment with losartan significantly blocked TAC-induced vascular inflammation and macrophage accumulation. However, losartan only partially prevented TAC-induced adventitial hyperplasia, collagen accumulation, and ascending aortic dilatation. Increased Tgfb2 expression and phosphorylated-Smad2 staining in the medial layer of TAC ascending aortas were effectively blocked with losartan. In contrast, the increased Tgfb1 expression and adventitial phospho-Smad2 staining were only partially attenuated by losartan. In addition, losartan significantly blocked extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production in the TAC ascending aorta. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor using losartan significantly attenuated the vascular remodeling associated with TAC but did not completely block the increased transforming growth factor-β1 expression, adventitial Smad2 signaling, and collagen accumulation. These results help to delineate the aortic transforming growth factor-β signaling that is dependent and independent of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor after TAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qing Kuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuang SQ, Guo DC, Prakash SK, McDonald MLN, Johnson RJ, Wang M, Regalado ES, Russell L, Cao JM, Kwartler C, Fraivillig K, Coselli JS, Safi HJ, Estrera AL, Leal SM, LeMaire SA, Belmont JW, Milewicz DM. Recurrent chromosome 16p13.1 duplications are a risk factor for aortic dissections. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002118. [PMID: 21698135 PMCID: PMC3116911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal deletions or reciprocal duplications of the 16p13.1 region have been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, epilepsies, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we investigated the association of recurrent genomic copy number variants (CNVs) with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD). By using SNP arrays to screen and comparative genomic hybridization microarrays to validate, we identified 16p13.1 duplications in 8 out of 765 patients of European descent with adult-onset TAAD compared with 4 of 4,569 controls matched for ethnicity (P = 5.0×10−5, OR = 12.2). The findings were replicated in an independent cohort of 467 patients of European descent with TAAD (P = 0.005, OR = 14.7). Patients with 16p13.1 duplications were more likely to harbor a second rare CNV (P = 0.012) and to present with aortic dissections (P = 0.010) than patients without duplications. Duplications of 16p13.1 were identified in 2 of 130 patients with familial TAAD, but the duplications did not segregate with TAAD in the families. MYH11, a gene known to predispose to TAAD, lies in the duplicated region of 16p13.1, and increased MYH11 expression was found in aortic tissues from TAAD patients with 16p13.1 duplications compared with control aortas. These data suggest chromosome 16p13.1 duplications confer a risk for TAAD in addition to the established risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. It also indicates that recurrent CNVs may predispose to disorders involving more than one organ system, an observation critical to the understanding of the role of recurrent CNVs in human disease and a finding that may be common to other recurrent CNVs involving multiple genes. Thoracic aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections (TAAD) have ranked as high as the fifteenth leading cause of death in the United States. TAAD can be inherited in families in an autosomal dominant manner, and mutations in ACTA2 and MYH11, genes encoding two major components of the smooth muscle contractile unit, are responsible for approximately 15% of familial TAAD. However, the majority of patients with TAAD do not have an identified syndrome or family history of aortic disease, and genetic factors predisposing to these sporadic cases have not been identified. To determine whether recurrent genomic copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to TAAD pathogenesis, we screened 765 patients with adult-onset TAAD for CNVs and identified recurrent 16p13.1 duplications in 1% of TAAD cases compared with 0.09% of controls. The 16p13.1 duplication involves 9 genes, including MYH11. This recurrent duplication of 16p13.1 has also been determined to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, specifically schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Our study suggests that recurrent duplications of 16p13.1 confer a risk for both neuropsychiatric diseases and TAAD, a finding that may be common to other recurrent CNVs involving multiple genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qing Kuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu PF, Zhang ZC, Chen L, Li RZ, Li JJ, Wang X, Cao JM, Sheng ZM, Zhang J. Ultrashort electron pulses as a four-dimensional diagnosis of plasma dynamics. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:103505. [PMID: 21034089 DOI: 10.1063/1.3491994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an ultrafast electron imaging system for real-time examination of ultrafast plasma dynamics in four dimensions. It consists of a femtosecond pulsed electron gun and a two-dimensional single electron detector. The device has an unprecedented capability of acquiring a high-quality shadowgraph image with a single ultrashort electron pulse, thus permitting the measurement of irreversible processes using a single-shot scheme. In a prototype experiment of laser-induced plasma of a metal target under moderate pump intensity, we demonstrated its unique capability of acquiring high-quality shadowgraph images on a micron scale with a-few-picosecond time resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P F Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao X, Xu X, Pang J, Zhang C, Ding JM, Peng X, Liu Y, Cao JM. NMDA receptor activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Physiol Res 2006; 56:559-569. [PMID: 16925458 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is a well-characterized excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, glutamate receptors (GluRs) were also found in peripheral tissues, including the heart. However, the function of GluRs in peripheral organs remains poorly understood. In the present study, we found that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) could increase intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) level in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. NMDA at 10(-4) M increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytosolic cytochrome c (cyto c), and 17-kDa caspase-3, but depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, NMDA treatment induced an increase in bax mRNA but a decrease in bcl-2 mRNA expression in the cardiomyocytes. The above effects of NMDA were blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801), and by ROS scavengers glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystein (NAC). These results suggest that stimulation of NMDA receptor in the cardiomyocyte may lead to apoptosis via a Ca(2+), ROS, and caspase-3 mediated pathway. These findings suggest that NMDA receptor may play an important role in myocardial pathogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcysteine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Time Factors
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng SG, Cao JM, Feng J, Guo J, Fang BQ, Zheng MB, Tao J. A Bio-Inspired Approach to the Synthesis of CaCO3 Spherical Assemblies in a Soluble Ternary-Additive System. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:11473-7. [PMID: 16852405 DOI: 10.1021/jp050290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two different soluble polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), with individual functions were successfully employed in combination with a third additive, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in one system, and spherical assemblies (e.g., hollow spheres) with multiscale constructs of CaCO3 were obtained. The variation of polymer concentration drastically changed both the morphology and polymorph of the produced CaCO3 crystals due to the corresponding transformation of the micelle structure. This study suggests that noncovalent interaction and cooperation between soluble macromolecules play key roles in controlling the growth of biominerals. The results also suggest a novel and facile route toward biomimetic inorganic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Deng
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou S, Cao JM, Tebb ZD, Ohara T, Huang HL, Omichi C, Lee MH, Kenknight BH, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Modulation of QT interval by cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting and the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmia in a canine model of sudden cardiac death. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001; 12:1068-73. [PMID: 11573698 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that there is a high incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in dogs with myocardial infarction (MI), complete AV block (CAVB), and nerve growth factor (NGF) infusion to the left stellate ganglion (LSG). Whether or not QT interval prolongation underlines the mechanism of SCD was unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed QT intervals in three groups of dogs. All dogs had CAVB and MI. The LSG group (n = 9) and right stellate ganglion (RSG) group (n = 6) received NGF infusion via the osmotic pumps over a 5-week period to LSG and RSG, respectively. The control group (n = 6) received no NGF. The dogs either died suddenly or were sacrificed within 2 to 3 months after MI. Heart rhythm and QT and RR intervals were monitored using implantable cardioverter defibrillator ECG recordings. There was a time-dependent increase of QTc intervals in the LSG group and a time-dependent decrease of QTc intervals in the RSG group. At the end of NGF infusion, QTc intervals in the LSG group (408 +/- 41 msec) were significantly longer than those in the control (350 +/- 41 msec; P < 0.05) and RSG groups (294 +/- 23 msec; P < 0.01). In the LSG group, 4 of 9 dogs died of SCD. There was no SCD in either the RSG or control group. Immunocytochemical staining showed NGF infusion to LSG and RSG resulted in left and right ventricular sympathetic nerve sprouting and hyperinnervation, respectively. CONCLUSION NGF infusion to the LSG in dogs with MI and CAVB resulted in increased QT interval and incidence of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and SCD, whereas NGF infusion to the RSG shortened QT interval and reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia. These findings indicate that QT interval prolongation is causally related to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in dogs with nerve sprouting, MI, and CAVB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048-1865, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the nerve sprouting hypothesis of sudden cardiac death. It is known that sympathetic stimulation is important in the generation of sudden cardiac death. For example, there is a diurnal variation of sudden death rate in patients with myocardial infarction. Beta blockers, or drugs with beta blocking effects, are known to prevent sudden cardiac death. It was unclear if the cardiac nerves in the heart play only a passive role in the mechanisms of sudden death. To determine if nerve sprouting and neural remodeling occur after myocardial infarction, we performed immunocytochemical studies of cardiac nerves in explanted native hearts of transplant recipients. We found that there was a positive correlation between nerve density and a clinical history of ventricular arrhythmia. Encouraged by these results, we performed a study in dogs to determine whether or not nerve growth factor (NGF) infusion to the left stellate ganglion can facilitate the development of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The results showed that augmented myocardial sympathetic nerve sprouting through NGF infusion plus atrioventricular (AV) block and MI result in a 44% incidence (four of nine dogs) of SCD and a high incidence of VT in the chronic phase of MI. In contrast, none of the six dogs (with AV block and MI) without NGF infusion died suddenly or had frequent VT episodes. Based on these findings, we propose the nerve sprouting hypothesis of ventricular arrhythmia and SCD. The hypothesis states that MI results in nerve injury, followed by sympathetic nerve sprouting and regional (heterogeneous) myocardial hyperinnervation. The coupling between augmented sympathetic nerve sprouting with electrically remodeled myocardium results in VT, VF and SCD. Modification of nerve sprouting after MI may provide a novel opportunity for arrhythmia control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars--Sinai Medical Center, Rm 5342, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048-1865, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ohara T, Ohara K, Cao JM, Lee MH, Fishbein MC, Mandel WJ, Chen PS, Karagueuzian HS. Increased wave break during ventricular fibrillation in the epicardial border zone of hearts with healed myocardial infarction. Circulation 2001; 103:1465-72. [PMID: 11245654 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.10.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The action potential duration (APD) restitution hypothesis of wave break during ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the epicardial border zone (EBZ) of hearts with chronic myocardial infarction is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS VF was induced by rapid pacing, and the EBZ with the two adjoining sites (right ventricle and lateral left ventricle) were sequentially mapped in random order in 7 open-chest anesthetized dogs 6 to 8 weeks after left anterior descending artery occlusion and in 4 control dogs. At each site, 3 seconds of VF was mapped with 477 bipolar electrodes 1.6 mm apart. The number of wave fronts and approximate entropy were significantly (P:<0.01) higher in the EBZ than all other sites in both groups independent of the rate of invasion of new wave fronts and epicardial breakthroughs. The higher wavelet density in the EBZ was caused by increased (P:<0.01) incidence of spontaneous wave breaks. There was no difference between the two groups in either reentry period (80 episodes) or VF cycle length. Reentry in the EBZ had a smaller core perimeter, slower rotational speed, and a small or no excitable gap (P:<0.01), often causing termination after one rotation. The dynamic monophasic action potential duration restitution curve in the EBZ had longer (P:<0.01) diastolic intervals, over which the slope was >1. Connexin43-positive staining was significantly (P:<0.01) and selectively reduced in the EBZ. CONCLUSIONS A selective increase in wave break and alteration of reentry occur in the EBZ during VF in hearts with healed myocardial infarction. Increased wave break in the EBZ is compatible with the action potential duration restitution hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ohara
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai AC, Wallner K, Cao JM, Chen LS, Karagueuzian HS, Fishbein MC, Chen PS, Sharifi BG. Colocalization of tenascin and sympathetic nerves in a canine model of nerve sprouting and sudden cardiac death. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000; 11:1345-51. [PMID: 11196557 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2000.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sympathetic nerve sprouting after myocardial infarction (MI) may contribute significantly to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Tenascin-X (TnX), a matrix protein known to be associated with nerve growth in central and peripheral nerves, also may play a role in cardiac nerve sprouting after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunocytochemical staining techniques were used to identify nerves in 5-microm serial sections from 6 normal dogs and 11 dogs with MI. Among the dogs with MI, 4 also received nerve growth factor infusion to the left stellate ganglion. The time between MI to tissue harvest averaged 35.7 +/- 14.4 days. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) stain was used to identify sympathetic nerves, and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) was used to identify growing nerves. Polyclonal antibody was obtained for use in identifying TnX. Nerves were evident in both the infarcted and noninfarcted areas. Many nerves were found around blood vessels. A total of 181 nerves in 69 slides were examined: 89 were from noninfarcted myocardium, 4 from infarct, 13 from infarct border zone, and 75 from perivascular regions. Except in normal dogs, all nerves stained positive for TH also stained positive for GAP-43, indicating sympathetic nerve sprouting after MI. In all dogs, the nerves that stained positive for TH also stained positive for TnX. CONCLUSION There is a colocalization of TnX, GAP-43, and TH in sprouted cardiac nerves. These results suggest that TnX is important not only in the existing normal myocardial nerve cells but also in cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Lai
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yashima M, Ohara T, Cao JM, Kim YH, Fishbein MC, Mandel WJ, Chen PS, Karagueuzian HS. Nicotine increases ventricular vulnerability to fibrillation in hearts with healed myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 278:H2124-33. [PMID: 10843912 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.h2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of the infarcted hearts to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was tested in in situ canine hearts during nicotine infusion. The activation pattern was mapped with 477 bipolar electrodes in open-chest anesthetized dogs (n = 8) 5-6 wk after permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Nicotine (129 +/- 76 ng/ml) lengthened (P < 0.01) the pacing cycle length at which VF was induced from 171 +/- 8.9 to 210 +/- 14. 7 ms. Nicotine selectively amplified the magnitude of conduction time and monophasic action potential (MAP) amplitude and duration (MAPA and MAPD, respectively) alternans in the epicardial border zone (EBZ) but not in the normal zone. With critical reduction of the MAPA and MAPD in the EBZ, conduction block occurred across the long axis of the EBZ cells. Block led immediately to reentry formation in the EBZ with a mean period of 105 +/- 10 ms, which, after one to two rotations, degenerated to VF. Nicotine widened the range of diastolic intervals over which the dynamic MAPD restitution curve had a slope >1. We conclude that nicotine facilitates conduction block, reentry, and VF in hearts with healed myocardial infarction by increasing the magnitude of depolarization and repolarization alternans consistent with the restitution hypothesis of vulnerability to VF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yashima
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao JM, Fishbein MC, Han JB, Lai WW, Lai AC, Wu TJ, Czer L, Wolf PL, Denton TA, Shintaku IP, Chen PS, Chen LS. Relationship between regional cardiac hyperinnervation and ventricular arrhythmia. Circulation 2000; 101:1960-9. [PMID: 10779463 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.16.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic nerve activity is known to be important in ventricular arrhythmogenesis, but there is little information on the relation between the distribution of cardiac sympathetic nerves and the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 53 native hearts of transplant recipients, 5 hearts obtained at autopsy of patients who died of noncardiac causes, and 7 ventricular tissues that had been surgically resected from the origin of ventricular tachycardia. The history was reviewed to determine the presence (group 1A) or absence (group 1B) of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. Immunocytochemical staining for S100 protein, neurofilament protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, and protein gene product 9.5 was performed to study the distribution and the density of sympathetic nerves. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.22+/-0.07. A total of 30 patients had documented ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. A regional increase in sympathetic nerves was observed around the diseased myocardium and blood vessels in all 30 hearts. The density of nerve fibers as determined morphometrically was significantly higher in group 1A patients (total nerve number 19.6+/-11.2/mm(2), total nerve length 3.3+/-3.0 mm/mm(2)) than in group 1B patients (total nerve number 13.5+/-6.1/mm(2), total nerve length 2.0+/-1.1 mm/mm(2), P<0. 05 and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is an association between a history of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia and an increased density of sympathetic nerves in patients with severe heart failure. These findings suggest that abnormally increased postinjury sympathetic nerve density may be in part responsible for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90027, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao JM, Chen LS, KenKnight BH, Ohara T, Lee MH, Tsai J, Lai WW, Karagueuzian HS, Wolf PL, Fishbein MC, Chen PS. Nerve sprouting and sudden cardiac death. Circ Res 2000; 86:816-21. [PMID: 10764417 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.86.7.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The factors that contribute to the occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are not entirely clear. The present study tests the hypothesis that augmented sympathetic nerve regeneration (nerve sprouting) increases the probability of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and SCD in chronic MI. In dogs with MI and complete atrioventricular (AV) block, we induced cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting by infusing nerve growth factor (NGF) to the left stellate ganglion (experimental group, n=9). Another 6 dogs with MI and complete AV block but without NGF infusion served as controls (n=6). Immunocytochemical staining revealed a greater magnitude of sympathetic nerve sprouting in the experimental group than in the control group. After MI, all dogs showed spontaneous VT that persisted for 5.8+/-2.0 days (phase 1 VT). Spontaneous VT reappeared 13.1+/-6.0 days after surgery (phase 2 VT). The frequency of phase 2 VT was 10-fold higher in the experimental group (2.0+/-2.0/d) than in the control group (0.2+/-0.2/d, P<0.05). Four dogs in the experimental group but none in the control group died suddenly of spontaneous VF. We conclude that MI results in sympathetic nerve sprouting. NGF infusion to the left stellate ganglion in dogs with chronic MI and AV block augments sympathetic nerve sprouting and creates a high-yield model of spontaneous VT, VF, and SCD. The magnitude of sympathetic nerve sprouting may be an important determinant of SCD in chronic MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doshi RN, Wu TJ, Yashima M, Kim YH, Ong JJ, Cao JM, Hwang C, Yashar P, Fishbein MC, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Relation between ligament of Marshall and adrenergic atrial tachyarrhythmia. Circulation 1999; 100:876-83. [PMID: 10458726 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.8.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of the adrenergic atrial tachyarrhythmia is unclear. We hypothesize that the ligament of Marshall (LOM) is sensitive to adrenergic stimulation and may serve as a source of the adrenergic atrial tachyarrhythmia. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed computerized mapping studies in isolated-perfused canine left atrial tissues from normal dogs (n=9) and from dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) induced by 10 to 41 weeks of rapid pacing (n=3). Before isoproterenol, spontaneous activity occurred in only one normal tissue (cycle length, CL >1300 ms). During isoproterenol infusion, automatic rhythm was induced in both normal tissues (CL=578+/-172 ms) and AF tissues (CL=255+/-29 ms, P<0.05). The origin of spontaneous activity was mapped to the LOM. In the AF tissues, but not the normal tissues, we observed the transition from rapid automatic activity to multiple wavelet AF. Ablation of the LOM terminated the spontaneous activity and prevented AF. Immunocytochemical studies of the LOM revealed muscle tracts surrounded by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (sympathetic) nerves. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the LOM is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves and serves as a source of isoproterenol-sensitive focal automatic activity in normal canine atrium. The sensitivity to isoproterenol is upregulated after long-term rapid pacing and may contribute to the development of AF in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R N Doshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cao JM, Qu Z, Kim YH, Wu TJ, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the induction of ventricular fibrillation by rapid pacing: importance of cardiac restitution properties. Circ Res 1999; 84:1318-31. [PMID: 10364570 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.84.11.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which rapid pacing induces ventricular fibrillation (VF) is unclear. We performed computerized epicardial mapping studies in 10 dogs, using 19-beat pacing trains. The pacing interval (PI) of the first train was 300 ms and then was progressively shortened until VF was induced. For each PI, we constructed restitution curves for the effective refractory period (ERP). When the PI was long, the activation cycle length (CL) was constant throughout the mapped region. However, as the PI shortened, there was an increase in the spatiotemporal complexity of the CL variations and an increase in the slope of the ERP restitution curve. In 5 dogs, we documented the initiation of VF by wavebreak at the site of long-short CL variations. Computer simulation studies using the Luo-Rudy I ventricular action potential model in simulated 2-dimensional tissue reproduced the experimental results when normal ERP and conduction velocity (CV) restitution properties were intact. By altering CV and ERP restitutions in this model, we found that CV restitution creates spatial CL variations, whereas ERP restitution underlies temporal, beat-to-beat variations in refractoriness during rapid pacing. Together, the interaction of CV and ERP restitutions produces spatiotemporal oscillations in cardiac activation that increase in amplitude as the PI decreases, ultimately causing wavebreak at the site of intrinsic heterogeneity. This initial wavebreak then leads to the formation of spiral waves and VF. These findings support a key role for both CV and ERP restitutions in the initiation of VF by rapid pacing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song JH, Cao JM, Yu LL. [Nursing coordinated care in clinical nuclear medicine therapy and imaging]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1997; 32:336-8. [PMID: 9384028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
20
|
Chen MQ, Cao JM. [The individualization of activities of blood vessels]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1996; 27:203-9. [PMID: 9772357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The functional activities of blood vessels in various organs have their own characteristics, named individuality of blood vessel. One of the most outstanding characteristics is that the responses of blood vessels in various organs to the same stimulation are different, even contradictory. This physiological characteristic of the blood vessel guarantees that the blood vessel can make adjustable responses in varying parts and under different conditions to fulfil the functional tasks of circulatory system and to meet the demands of blood supply of recipient organs. The study of vascular individualization would benefit to explain the mechanism of blood vessel activities and is also important in the study of pathogenesis of vascular diseases. This paper gives a brief description on the vascular mechanisms contributing to the individualization of blood vessel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Q Chen
- Department of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cao JM, Blond JP, Juaneda P, Durand G, Bézard J. Effect of low levels of dietary fish oil on fatty acid desaturation and tissue fatty acids in obese and lean rats. Lipids 1995; 30:825-32. [PMID: 8577226 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of very low levels of dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids on delta 6 desaturation of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), and on delta 5 desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), in liver microsomes and its influence on tissue fatty acids were examined in obese and lean Zucker rats and in Wistar rats. Animals fed for 12 wk a balanced diet containing ca. 200 mg of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids per 100 g of diet were compared to those fed the same amount of alpha-linolenic acid. Low amounts of long-chain n-3 fatty acids greatly inhibited delta 6 desaturation of 18:2n-6 and delta 5 desaturation of 20:3n-6, while delta 6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 was not inhibited in Zucker rats and was even stimulated in Wistar rats. Inhibition of the biosynthesis of long-chain n-6 fatty acids was reflected in a decrease in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) content of serum lipids when fasting, and also in the phospholipid fatty acids of liver microsomes. On the contrary, heart and kidney phospholipids did not develop any decrease in 20:4n-6 during fish oil ingestion. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), present in the dietary fish oil, was increased in serum lipids and in liver microsome, heart, and kidney phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cao
- Unité de Nutrition Cellulaire et Métabolique, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu XJ, Zou ZS, Cao JM. [Preliminary report on portal hypertension treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1994; 32:470-3. [PMID: 7882770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) was carried out in 50 cases of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. An average Child-Pugh score in these cases was 10.33 +/- 2.34. Except for 5 cases with portal vein occlusion, the technical success rate of in 45 cases was 95.6%. Acute variceal bleeding was immediately controlled. Portal pressure was reduced by 1.36 +/- 0.48 kPa. Esophageal varices and ascites disappeared. The shrink of spleen, the reducing of body weight were also observed in a week following TIPSS. The velocity of blood flow in stents was 85.61 +/- 35.83 cm/s. Follow-up of 1-9 months found norebleeding and ascites. The velocity of blood flow in stents was 83.83 +/- 34.74 cm/s. Three patients died of liver failure and variceal rebleeding within a month after TIPSS. Slight encephalopathy was observed in 6 cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X J Wu
- General Hospital of Nanjing Unit, Chinese People's Liberation Army
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Utsumi H, Cao JM, Elkind MM. Bleomycin induces similar survival variations through the cell cycle as do X rays with and without hypertonic shock. Radiat Res 1991; 127:342-4. [PMID: 1715998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier report [H. Utsumi and M. M. Elkind, Radiat. Res. 119, 534-541 (1989)], it was shown that the survival of V79 Chinese hamster cells treated with bleomycin was significantly reduced by a posttreatment with anisotonic phosphate-buffered saline in a manner that was qualitatively similar to what had been observed with X rays [H. Utsumi and M. M. Elkind, Radiat. Res. 77, 346-360 (1979)]. This similarity suggested that similarities might exist in the cyclic variation in the suppression of the repair of potentially lethal damage following treatment with bleomycin or X rays. Accordingly, the age-response variations of survival, with or without a posttreatment challenge with hypertonic buffer, were compared in the same experiment when cells were treated with either agent. Although a significant difference was observed near the G1/S-phase border, in general the damage induced by the two agents showed a similar dependence on cell age, and posttreatment with hypertonic buffer enhanced cell killing appreciably following either treatment. The results support the inference that bleomycin is a radiomimetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Utsumi
- Department of Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang JY, Liu HY, Zhu WN, Han JQ, Dong CY, Shi YJ, Cai HJ, Cao JM, Yi QL. An analysis of prognostic factors in cirrhosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:266-72. [PMID: 2507240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a more comprehensive index for predicting the prognous of liver cirrhosis. 300 consecutive patients with cirrhosis were studied in terms of survival from 1975 to 1986. Median follow-up period was 5.3 years. A multivariable survival analysis (Cox's regression model) using clinical biochemical data obtained at admission disclosed eight factors of value in predicting prognosis: age, frequency of previous GI bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, serum albumin, serum bilirubin, hemoglobin and prothrombin time. A prognostic index was constructed for the calculation of the estimated survival probability.
Collapse
|