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Paula Sales P, Das Dores Alves de Oliveira M, Figueiredo Watanabe JM, da Silva Barbosa AP, da Mata BCA, de Jesus E Silva Viana M, Dalia Rego Medeiros PC, Carvalho Souza D, Do Nascimento Silva J, Lima NM, da Costa Júnior JS, Alline Martins F, E Silva Filho FA, de Almeida PM. Phytochemical characterization, isolation, antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of leaves of Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm) I.M. Johnst. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:871-897. [PMID: 37682045 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2254815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Heliotropium elongatum is used to treat inflammation, cough, and flu. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile and determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE), and fractions of H. elongatum leaves. In the phytochemical profile analysis, organic acids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids/triterpenes, and depsides/depsidones were detected in the EE and/or fractions (hexanic/FH, chloroformic/FC, ethyl acetate/FAE, and hydromethanolic/FHM). The highest TPC and highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was detected in FHM. In FH, 16 compounds were identified by GC-MS, and ursolic acid was isolated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. HPLC-DAD from EE, FAE, and FHM demonstrated characteristic wavelengths for flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and anthraquinones. ESI-IT/MSn analysis of EE, FC, FAE, and FHM revealed alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In Allium cepa assay there was no significant cytotoxic effect initiated by EE (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml), FHM (1,000 µg/ml), and FAE (62.5 µg/ml). Genotoxicity was evidenced only with EE at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml, and FHM (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml) as evidenced by presence of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NB). Our results identified compounds of medicinal interest with antioxidant activity; however observed cytogenotoxic changes indicated the need for caution when using these compounds for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Paula Sales
- Department Chemistry, Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Caylla Alves da Mata
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nerilson Marques Lima
- Department Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brasil
| | | | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Nunes NMF, do Nascimento Silva J, Conceição MLP, da Costa Júnior JS, da Silva Sousa E, das Dores Alves de Oliveira M, Maria das Graças Lopes Citó A, Dittz D, Peron AP, Ferreira PMP. In vitro and in vivo acute toxicity of an artificial butter flavoring. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:181-197. [PMID: 36794368 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2172502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavorings used in cookies, electronic cigarettes, popcorn, and breads contain approximately 30 chemical compounds, which makes it difficult to determine and correlate signs and symptoms of acute, subacute or chronic toxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize a butter flavoring chemically and subsequently examine the in vitro and in vivo toxicological profile using cellular techniques, invertebrates, and lab mammals. For the first time, the ethyl butanoate was found as the main compound of a butter flavoring (97.75%) and 24 h-toxicity assay employing Artemia salina larvae revealed a linear effect and LC50 value of 14.7 (13.7-15.7) mg/ml (R2 = 0.9448). Previous reports about higher oral doses of ethyl butanoate were not found. Observational screening with doses between 150-1000 mg/kg by gavage displayed increased amount of defecation, palpebral ptosis, and grip strength reduction, predominantly at higher doses. The flavoring also produced clinical signs of toxicity and diazepam-like behavioral changes in mice, including loss of motor coordination, muscle relaxation, increase of locomotor activity and intestinal motility, and induction of diarrhea, with deaths occurring after 48 h exposure. This substance fits into category 3 of the Globally Harmonized System. Data demonstrated that butter flavoring altered the emotional state in Swiss mice and disrupted intestinal motility, which may be a result of neurochemical changes or direct lesions in the central/peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nárcia Mariana Fonseca Nunes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education and Technology of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Micaely Lorrana Pereira Conceição
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Dalton Dittz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Pereira-Freire JA, Aquino JDS, Campos ARN, Viana VGF, Costa Júnior JSD, Silva JDN, Moura AKS, Citó AMDGL, Moreira-Araújo RSDR, Frota KDMG, Medeiros SRA, Ferreira PMP. Nutritional, Physicochemical and Structural Parameters of Mauritia flexuosa Fruits and By-Products for Biotechnological Exploration of Sustainable Goods. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:155-165. [PMID: 35910269 PMCID: PMC9295625 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.02.22.7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties. Experimental approach Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied. Results and conclusions Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31%) and low aw, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7% were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behaviour. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. Novelty and scientific contribution Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, de Almeida PM, Chaves MH, Lima Neto JDS, Nunes PHM, da Costa Júnior JS, Rai M, Do Carmo IS, de Sousa EA. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:399-417. [PMID: 33494643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Dos Santos Freire J, Dos Santos Fernandes BC, da Silva JAC, da Silva Araújo JR, de Almeida PM, da Costa Júnior JS, da Silva JN, de Freitas SDL, Martins FA. Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization, cytogenotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the fractions of the ethanolic extract of in Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:730-747. [PMID: 32998665 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1824136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
has been widely used in folk medicine to treat catarrhal infections, diarrhea, and anemia; however, phytochemical and toxicogenetic data are still lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics as well as assess cytogenotoxicity and antigenotoxicity in hexane (HF), ether (EF) and ethyl acetate (AF) fractions of P. bracteosa leaves using Allium cepa bioassay. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins and phenolic groups. EF fraction contained a higher content of total phenolics (441.23 ± 1.82 mg GAE/g), while HF fraction showed a higher content of total flavonoids (84.77 ± 5.33 mg QE/g). Higher antioxidant activity was observed in EF (EC50 25.06 ± 0.07 µg/ml). Cytotoxic effect was verified for all fractions, but no chromosomal alterations were observed in the A. cepa assay. With respect to antigenotoxicity, the protective effect of EF and AF fractions was attributed to as evidenced by the modulation of mutagenic action of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mainly by inhibiting the development of micronuclei. Among the fractions, EF was considered the most promising, as it exhibited higher antioxidant activity, was not genotoxic, exerted protective activity against the damage induced by MMS and also presented cytotoxic activity, a desired quality in the search for natural anticarcinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI , Teresina, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI , Teresina, Brasil
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Sousa Carvalho GF, Marques LK, Sousa HG, Silva LR, Leão Ferreira DC, Pires de Moura do Amaral F, Martins Maia Filho AL, Figueredo-Silva J, Alves WDS, Oliveira MDDAD, Soares da Costa Júnior J, Cardoso Costa Junior FL, Ramos RM, Rai M, Uchôa VT. Phytochemical study, molecular docking, genotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Ximenia americana L. in the treatment of experimental COPD in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112259. [PMID: 31577938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ximenia americana L. is popularly known as yellow plum, brave plum or tallow wood. All the parts of this plant are used in popular medicine. Its reddish and smooth bark are used to treat skin infections, inflammation of the mucous membranes and in the wound healing process. OBJECTIVE Verification of phytochemical profile, the molecular interaction between flavonoid, (-) epi-catechin and 5-LOX enzyme, by means of in silico study, the genotoxic effect and to investigate the pharmacological action of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of X. americana in pulmonary alterations caused by experimental COPD in Rattus norvegicus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The identification of secondary metabolites was carried out by TLC and HPLC chromatographic methods, molecular anchoring tests were applied to analyze the interaction of flavonoid present in the extract with the enzyme involved in pulmonary inflammation process and the genotoxic effect was assessed by comet assay and micronucleus test. For induction of COPD, male rats were distributed in seven groups. The control group was exposed only to ambient air and six were subjected to passive smoke inhalations for 20 min/day for 60 days. One of the groups exposed to cigarette smoke did not receive treatment. The others were treated by inhalation with beclomethasone dipropionate (400 mcg/kg) and aqueous and lyophilized extracts of X. americana (500 mg/kg) separately or in combination for a period of 15 days. The structural and inflammatory pulmonary alterations were evaluated by histological examination. Additional morphometric analyses were performed, including the alveolar diameter and the thickness of the right ventricle wall. RESULTS The results showed that the aqueous extract of the bark of X. americana possesses (-) epi -catechin, in silico studies with 5-LOX indicate that the EpiC ligand showed better affinity parameters than the AracA ligand, which is in accordance with the results obtained in vivo studies. Genotoxity was not observed at the dose tested and the extract was able to stagnate the alveolar enlargement caused by the destruction of the interalveolar septa, attenuation of mucus production and decrease the presence of collagen fibers in the bronchi of animals submitted to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results proved that the aqueous extract of X. americana presents itself as a new option of therapeutic approach in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laryssa Roque Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biotechnology - State University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP 64003-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Figueredo-Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biotechnology - State University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP 64003-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Martins Ramos
- Research Laboratory in Information Systems, Federal Institute of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP-64000-040, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra State, India
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Alves PES, Oliveira MDDAD, Marcos de Almeida P, Martins FA, Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante A, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Feitosa CM, Rai M, Campinho Dos Reis A, Soares da Costa Júnior J. Determination by chromatography and cytotoxotoxic and oxidative effects of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl. Chemosphere 2019; 224:398-406. [PMID: 30831490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide, used to combat the proliferation of Aedes aegypti larvae. The objective of this study was to analyze the compounds of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl (PYL) in a commercial larvicide to analyze the cytotoxic and oxidative effects of PPF and PYL. The toxic potential of PPF and PYL were assessed based on lethal concentration (LC50) in Artemia salina, cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index and the chromosomal alterations in Allium cepa and the oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PPF and PYL compounds were identified by HPLC-PDA based on their retention times and spectral data. The wavelengths λmax (258 nm) and (271 nm) of the UV spectrum of PYL and PPF and the retention times (RT) (3.38 min) and (4.03 min), respectively. The toxicological potentials of PPF and PYL were significant at concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm), with an LC50 of 48 h (0.5 ppm). PPF and PYL pointed out a cytotoxic effect in A. cepa at all concentrations (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 100 and 1000 ppm), genotoxic effect at concentrations only (0.0001; 0.1; 1; 100 and 1000 ppm), and mutagenic for concentrations (0.1, 100 and 1000 ppm). In relation S. cerevisiae, PPF e PYL prompted oxidative damage at concentrations (100 and 1000 ppm) in all strains (SODWT, Sod1, Sod2, Sod1Sod2, Cat1 and Sod1Cat1). Therefore, the PPF and PYL identificated in commercial larvicide by HPLC-PDA produced cytotoxic and oxidative effects that could cause health and ecosystem risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia E Silva Alves
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francielle Aline Martins
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Biotechnology Departament, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Post-Graduation Department in Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, zip code 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Júnior JSDC, de Almeida AAC, Tomé ADR, Citó AMDGL, Saffi J, de Freitas RM. Evaluation of possible antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from Platonia insignis Mart. (Bacuri) on epilepsy models. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 22:678-84. [PMID: 22056341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to examine the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Platonia insignis on lipid peroxidation level, nitrite formation, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat striatum prior to pilocarpine-induced seizures as well as to explore its anticonvulsant activity in adult rats prior to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and picrotoxin (PIC)-induced seizures. Wistar rats were treated with vehicle, atropine (25mg/kg), EAF (0.1, 1, and 10mg/kg), pilocarpine (400mg/kg, P400 group), PTZ (60 mg/kg, PTZ group), PIC (8 mg/kg, PIC group), atropine+P400, EAF+P400, EAF+PTZ, or EAF+PIC. Significant decreases in number of crossings and rearings were observed in the P400 group. The EAF 10+P400 group also had significant increases in these parameters. In addition, in rats treated with P400, there were significant increases in lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; however, there were no alterations in SOD and catalase activities. In the EAF 10+P400 group, lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels significantly decreased and SOD and catalase activities significantly increased after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Additionally, effects of the EAF were evaluated in PTZ and PIC models. EAF did not increase the latency to development of convulsions induced with PTZ and PIC at the doses tested. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that EAF does not have anticonvulsant activity in the different models of epilepsy studied. Our results indicate that in the in vivo model of pilocarpine-induced seizures, EAF has antioxidant activity, but not anticonvulsant properties at the doses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Soares da Costa Júnior
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Costa Júnior JSD, Silva FCMD, Moita Neto JM. Avaliando as aproximações usadas no ensino de Físico-Química. QUIM NOVA 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40421999000400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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