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Rotella K, Eun Lee AS, Lopes JP, Kattan J, Baker MG. Characteristics and Outcomes of a Large Cohort of Patients with FPIES to Peanut. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast fungus of the human oral, gastrointestinal, and genital mucosal surfaces, and skin. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and/or medical interventions that impair the integrity of the mucocutaneous barrier and/or perturb protective host defense mechanisms enable C. albicans to become an opportunistic pathogen and cause debilitating mucocutaneous disease and/or life-threatening systemic infections. In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of the tissue-specific determinants of C. albicans pathogenicity and host immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lopes
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Hosseinzadeh A, Stylianou M, Lopes JP, Müller DC, Häggman A, Holmberg S, Grumaz C, Johansson A, Sohn K, Dieterich C, Urban CF. Stable Redox-Cycling Nitroxide Tempol Has Antifungal and Immune-Modulatory Properties. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1843. [PMID: 31481939 PMCID: PMC6710993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycoses remain underdiagnosed and difficult to treat. Hospitalized individuals with compromised immunity increase in number and constitute the main risk group for severe fungal infections. Current antifungal therapy is hampered by slow and insensitive diagnostics and frequent toxic side effects of standard antifungal drugs. Identification of new antifungal compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is therefore urgently required. We investigated the antifungal activity of tempol, a cell-permeable nitroxide. To narrow down possible mode of action we used RNA-seq technology and metabolomics to probe for pathways specifically disrupted in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans due to tempol administration. We found genes upregulated which are involved in iron homeostasis, mitochondrial stress, steroid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. In an ex vivo whole blood infection, tempol treatment reduced C. albicans colony forming units and at the same time increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor). In a systemic mouse model, tempol was partially protective with a significant reduction of fungal burden in the kidneys of infected animals during infection onset. The results obtained propose tempol as a promising new antifungal compound and open new opportunities for the future development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marios Stylianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Müller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - André Häggman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sandra Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Grumaz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kai Sohn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Lopes JP, Stylianou M, Backman E, Holmberg S, Ekoff M, Nilsson G, Urban CF. Cryptococcus neoformans Induces MCP-1 Release and Delays the Death of Human Mast Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:289. [PMID: 31456952 PMCID: PMC6700240 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, caused by the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, is a life-threatening disease affecting approximately one million people per year worldwide. Infection can occur when C. neoformans cells are inhaled by immunocompromised people. In order to establish infection, the yeast must bypass recognition and clearance by immune cells guarding the tissue. Using in vitro infections, we characterized the role of mast cells (MCs) in cryptococcosis. We found that MCs recognize C. neoformans and release inflammatory mediators such as tryptase and cytokines. From the latter group MCs released mainly CCL-2/MCP-1, a strong chemoattractant for monocytic cells. We demonstrated that supernatants of infected MCs recruit monocytes but not neutrophils. During infection with C. neoformans, MCs have a limited ability to kill the yeast depending on the serotype. C. neoformans, in turn, modulates the lifespan of MCs both, by presence of its polysaccharide capsule and by secreting soluble modulators. Taken together, MCs might have important contributions to fungal clearance during early stages of cryptocococis where these cells regulate recruitment of monocytes to mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marios Stylianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emelie Backman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sandra Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekoff
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Lopes JP, Urban CF. Visualizing Hypoxia in a Murine Model of Candida albicans Infection Using in vivo Biofluorencence. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3326. [PMID: 33654833 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a leading human fungal pathogen that uses several metabolic adaptations to escape immune cells and causes systemic disease. Here, we describe a protocol for measuring one of these adaptations, the ability to thrive in hypoxic niches. Hypoxia was generated after successful subdermal infection with C. albicans in a murine infection model. Hypoxia was measured using a fluorescent dye for carbonic anhydrase 9, a host enzyme active under hypoxic conditions. Emitted fluorescence was subsequently quantified using an IVIS system. This protocol was optimized for the use in subdermal infection in mice but has the potential to be adapted to other models of fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå, Sweden
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Lavrador JP, Oliveira E, Teixeira JC, Lopes JP, Pimentel J, Carvalho MH. Adult Supratentorial Extraventricular Anaplastic Ependymoma: Therapeutic Approach and Clinical Review. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:105-109. [PMID: 29492136 PMCID: PMC5820861 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.181121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 69-year-old patient with left paresthesia and hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right frontoparietal cystic tumor. A subtotal surgical resection was performed, and an Ommaya reservoir was left in place. The pathological diagnosis was supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma. Radiation therapy was administered, and Ommaya reservoir drainages were performed. Four months after, her clinical status deteriorated after a reservoir drainage and image revealed an acute hemorrhage. An additional resection was carried out, and chemotherapy was undergone. One month later the tumor relapsed and the patient died 18 months after initial diagnosis. Some poor prognostic factors have been suggested in the literature: Young age, incomplete tumor resection – eloquent area location, histological anaplasia, supratentorial, and extraventricular locations. Ommaya reservoirs may be used in cystic lesions as a temporary measure only. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy with adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Neurosurgical, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edson Oliveira
- Department of Neurosurgical, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Cruz Teixeira
- Department of Neurosurgical, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Neurosurgical, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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Niemiec MJ, Grumaz C, Ermert D, Desel C, Shankar M, Lopes JP, Mills IG, Stevens P, Sohn K, Urban CF. Correction to: Dual transcriptome of the immediate neutrophil and Candida albicans interplay. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:863. [PMID: 29132295 PMCID: PMC5682864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Niemiec
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Present Address: Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany & Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Grumaz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Ermert
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Present Address: Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christiane Desel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Present Address: The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madhu Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Center of Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip Stevens
- University of Stuttgart IGVP, Stuttgart, Germany.,Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
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8
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Niemiec MJ, Grumaz C, Ermert D, Desel C, Shankar M, Lopes JP, Mills IG, Stevens P, Sohn K, Urban CF. Dual transcriptome of the immediate neutrophil and Candida albicans interplay. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:696. [PMID: 28874114 PMCID: PMC5585943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive. Compared to other immune cells, little is known about their transcriptional profile during interaction with pathogens. Methods We analyzed the meta-transcriptome of the neutrophil-Candida albicans interplay and the transcriptome of C. albicans challenged with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by RNA-Seq, considering yeast and hypha individually in each approach. Results The neutrophil response to C. albicans yeast and hyphae was dominated by a morphotype-independent core response. However, 11 % of all differentially expressed genes were regulated in a specific manner when neutrophils encountered the hyphal form of C. albicans. While involving genes for transcriptional regulators, receptors, and cytokines, the neutrophil core response lacked typical antimicrobial effectors genes. Genes of the NOD-like receptor pathway, including NLRP3, were enriched. Neutrophil- and NET-provoked responses in C. albicans differed. At the same time, the Candida transcriptome upon neutrophil encounter and upon NET challenge included genes from various metabolic processes and indicate a mutual role of the regulators Tup1p, Efg1p, Hap43p, and Cap1p. Upon challenge with neutrophils and NETs, the overall Candida response was partially morphotype-specific. Yet again, actual oppositional regulation in yeasts and hyphae was only detected for the arginine metabolism in neutrophil-infecting C. albicans. Conclusions Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive and quantitative transcript profile of the neutrophil–C. albicans interaction. By considering the two major appearances of both, neutrophils and C. albicans, our study reveals yet undescribed insights into this medically relevant encounter. Hence, our findings will facilitate future research and potentially inspire novel therapy developments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4097-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Niemiec
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Present Address: Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany & Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Grumaz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Ermert
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Present Address: Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christiane Desel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Present Address: The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madhu Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Center of Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip Stevens
- University of Stuttgart IGVP, Stuttgart, Germany.,Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) & Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
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Stylianou M, Uvell H, Lopes JP, Enquist PA, Elofsson M, Urban CF. Novel high-throughput screening method for identification of fungal dimorphism blockers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:285-91. [PMID: 25281739 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114552954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive mycoses have been increasing worldwide, with Candida spp. being the most prevalent fungal pathogen causing high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Only few antimycotics exist, often with severe side effects. Therefore, new antifungal drugs are urgently needed. Because the identification of antifungal compounds depends on fast and reliable assays, we present a new approach based on high-throughput image analysis to define cell morphology. Candida albicans and other fungi of the Candida clade switch between different growth morphologies, from budding yeast to filamentous hyphae. Yeasts are considered proliferative, whereas hyphae are required for invasion and dissemination. Thus, morphotype switching in many Candida spp. is connected to virulence and pathogenesis. It is, consequently, reasonable to presume that morphotype blockers interfere with the virulence, thereby preventing hazardous colonization. Our method efficiently differentiates yeast from hyphal cells using a combination of automated microscopy and image analysis. We selected the parameters length/width ratio and mean object shape to quantitatively discriminate yeasts and hyphae. Notably, Z' factor calculations for these parameters confirmed the suitability of our method for high-throughput screening. As a second stage, we determined cell viability to discriminate morphotype-switching inhibitors from those that are fungicidal. Thus, our method serves as a basis for the identification of candidates for next-generation antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Stylianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Uvell
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - José Pedro Lopes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Enquist
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden Laboratory for Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Aguiar SI, Brito MJ, Horácio AN, Lopes JP, Ramirez M, Melo-Cristino J. Decreasing incidence and changes in serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease in persons aged under 18 years since introduction of 10-valent and 13-valent conjugate vaccines in Portugal, July 2008 to June 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19:20750. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.12.20750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Aguiar
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M J Brito
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A N Horácio
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J P Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Ramirez
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Melo-Cristino
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lima JC, Andrade NJ, Soares NFF, Ferreira SO, Fernandes PE, Carvalho CCP, Lopes JP, Martins JFL. The hydrophobicity and roughness of a nasoenteral tube surface influences the adhesion of a multi-drug resistant strain of Staphylococcus Aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:489-98. [PMID: 24031660 PMCID: PMC3769838 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110002000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the physiochemical properties of nasoenteral feeding tubes made from two different types of polymer: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm-2 of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer’s physicochemical surface characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lima
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, MG , Brasil
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. With over 26 million patients in 2006, AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Different hypotheses have been suggested to explain the pathogenesis of AD, like those involving inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress. Many of these studies have addressed amyloid plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptotic neuronal loss, the three main histopathological hallmarks of this disease. Increasing evidences, however, suggest another feature that can also be considered a neuropathological marker for AD: ectopic cell cycle re-entry. Cell cycle events have been frequently registered in the brains of AD patients. Although the exact starting point of cell cycle re-entry remains unclear, a number of subsequent cascades, which include events such as kinase upregulation, DNA replication and cytoskeletal alterations, have already been described. There are also increasing reports suggesting that cell cycle reactivation in mature neurons occurs as part of the apoptotic process. Upon a brief overview of the different theories and models addressing cell cycle reactivation in AD, we will describe possible mechanisms that trigger cell cycle re-entry, with special attention to links between this feature and the main neuropathological markers of AD. Finally, we will also analyze possible similarities between cell cycle dysregulation in AD and in other pathologies, such as Prion-Related Encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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