1
|
Attie A, de Almeida-Neto C, S Witkin S, Derriga J, Nishiya AS, Ferreira JE, Costa NDSX, Alves Salles N, Facincani T, Levi JE, Sabino EC, Rocha V, Mendrone-Jr A, Ferreira SC. Detection and analysis of blood donors seropositive for syphilis. Transfus Med 2021; 31:121-128. [PMID: 33480044 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of syphilis worldwide has called attention to the risk of transmission by transfusion. AIMS To determine the prevalence of active syphilis in blood donors and characterise the serological profile of syphilis-positive donors. METHODS Samples positive for Treponema pallidum using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) during blood donor screening from 2017 to 2018 were tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) non-treponemal test and for anti-T. pallidum IgM by ELISA (Immunoassay Enzyme test for detection of IgM antibodies). The INNO-LIA Syphilis test (Line Immuno Assay solid test for confirmation antibodies to Treponema pallidum) was performed as a confirmatory test on samples that were positive on ELISA-IgM but negative on VDRL. ELISA-IgM (+) samples were also tested for T. pallidum DNA in sera by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Of 248 542 samples screened, 1679 (0.67%) were positive for syphilis by CMIA. Further analysis was performed on 1144 (68.1%) of these samples. Of those tested, 16% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(+), 16.5% were ELISA IgM(-)/VDRL(+), 4.1% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(-), and 63.4% were ELISA IgM (-)/VDRL(-). The INNO-LIA Syphilis test results were 33 (3%) positive, 2 (0.2%) undetermined and 12 (1%) negative. Of the 230 EIA-IgM(+) samples (20.1%), 5 (2.2%) were PCR positive. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2017 and 2018 was 0.1% and 0.07%, respectively, and overall prevalence of serologic markers for syphilis was highest among male, unmarried, 25-34-year-olds with a high school education and who were first-time donors. CONCLUSION There is a risk of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in blood banks that exclusively use the VDRL test for donor screening, as is currently the situation in some Brazilian blood centres, as well as in other blood centres around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Attie
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Almeida-Neto
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Laboratorio de Investigação Medica em Virologia (LIM 52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juliana Derriga
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S Nishiya
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jerenice E Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Investigação Medica em Virologia (LIM 52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolf Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nanci Alves Salles
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tila Facincani
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Levi
- Laboratorio de Investigação Medica em Virologia (LIM 52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Disciplina de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Mendrone-Jr
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzete C Ferreira
- Divisão de Pesquisa & Medicina Transfusional, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dezan MR, Dinardo CL, Rocha V, Mendrone-Junior A, Levi JE. Prevalence of SMIM1 c.64_80del17 homozygotes in southeastern Brazil: the Vel-negative phenotype. Transfusion 2019; 59:428. [PMID: 30615815 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Dezan
- Immunohematology, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla L Dinardo
- Immunohematology, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Immunohematology, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Discipline of Hematology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Churchill Hospital, NHSBT, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jose E Levi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viana JD, Ferreira SC, Matana SR, Rossi F, Patel P, Garson JA, Rocha V, Tedder R, Mendrone-Júnior A, Levi JE. Detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates from Brazilian donors by molecular amplification of the ribosomal 16S gene. Transfus Med 2018; 28:420-426. [PMID: 30304760 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our work was to establish a semi-automated high-throughput DNA amplification method for the universal screening of bacteria in platelet concentrates (PCs). BACKGROUND Among cases of transfusion transmission of infectious agents, bacterial contamination ranks first in the number of events, morbidity and mortality. Transmission occurs mainly by transfused PCs. Automated culture is adopted by some blood banks for screening of bacterial contamination, but this procedure is expensive and has a relatively long turnaround time. METHODS PCs were spiked with suspensions of five different bacterial species in a final concentration of 1 and 10 colony-forming units (CFU) per millilitre. After incubation, the presence of bacteria was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by the Enhanced Bacterial Detection System (eBDS, Pall) assay as a reference method. Real-time PCR amplification was performed with a set of universal primers and probes targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Co-amplification of human mitochondrial DNA served as an internal control. RESULTS Using the real-time PCR method, it was possible to detect the presence of all bacterial species tested with an initial concentration of 10 CFU mL-1 24 h after contamination, except for Staphylococcus hominis. The PCR assay also detected, at 24 h, the presence of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae with an initial concentration of 1 CFU mL-1 . CONCLUSIONS The real-time PCR assay may be a reliable alternative to conventional culture methods in the screening of bacterial contamination of PCs, enabling bacterial detection even with a low initial concentration of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Viana
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C Ferreira
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Matana
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia do Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Patel
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - J A Garson
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Rocha
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Tedder
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - J E Levi
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benvenuti LA, Roggerio A, Nishiya AS, Levi JE. P4219Increase of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitic load in endomyocardial biopsies anticipates Chagas disease reactivation after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L A Benvenuti
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Roggerio
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Nishiya
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundação Prό-Sangue/São Paulo Blood Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E Levi
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundação Prό-Sangue/São Paulo Blood Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Golfetto L, Alves EV, Martins TR, Sincero TCM, Castro JBS, Dannebrock C, Oliveira JG, Levi JE, Onofre ASC, Bazzo ML. PCR-RFLP assay as an option for primary HPV test. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 51:e7098. [PMID: 29590262 PMCID: PMC5886552 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20177098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an essential factor of cervical cancer. This study evaluated the analytical performance of restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) assay compared to PapilloCheck® microarray to identify human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cells. Three hundred and twenty-five women were analyzed. One sample was used for conventional cytology and another sample was collected using BD SurePath™ kit for HPV tests. Eighty samples (24.6%) were positive for HPV gene by PCR-Multiplex and were then submitted to PCR-RFLP and PapilloCheck® microarray. There was a genotyping agreement in 71.25% (57/80) on at least one HPV type between PCR-RFLP and PapilloCheck® microarray. In 22 samples (27.5%), the results were discordant and those samples were additionally analyzed by DNA sequencing. HPV 16 was the most prevalent HPV type found in both methods, followed by HPVs 53, 68, 18, 39, and 66 using PCR-RFLP analysis, and HPVs 39, 53, 68, 56, 31, and 66 using PapilloCheck® microarray. In the present study, a perfect agreement using Cohen's kappa (κ) was found in HPV 33 and 58 (κ=1), very good for HPV 51, and good for types 16, 18, 53, 59, 66, 68, 70, and 73. PCR-RFLP analysis identified only 25% (20/80) HPV coinfection, and PapilloCheck® microarray found 62.5% (50/80). Our Cohen's kappa results indicate that our in-house HPV genotyping testing (PCR-RFLP analysis) could be applied as a primary HPV test screening, especially in low income countries. If multiple HPV types are found in this primary test, a more descriptive test, such as PapilloCheck® microarray, could be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Golfetto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - E V Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - T R Martins
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T C M Sincero
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - J B S Castro
- Posto Central, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brasil
| | - C Dannebrock
- Laboratório Prevent Citopatologia, São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brasil
| | - J G Oliveira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - J E Levi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A S C Onofre
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M L Bazzo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliveira VB, Dezan MR, Gomes FCA, Menosi Gualandro SF, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Marsiglia JD, Levi JE, Rocha V, Mendrone-Junior A, Sabino EC, Dinardo CL. -318C/T polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene is an independent risk factor for RBC alloimmunization among sickle cell disease patients. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:219-224. [PMID: 28815969 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) molecule is expressed on T-lymphocyte membrane and negatively influences the antigen-presenting process. Reduced expression of CTLA-4 due to gene polymorphisms is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disorders, whose physiopathology is similar to that of post-transfusion red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization. Our goal was to evaluate if polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene that affect protein expression are associated with RBC alloimmunization. This was a case-control study in which 134 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and 253 non-SCD patients were included. All patients were genotyped for the polymorphisms 49A/G and -318C/T of CTLA-4 gene. The genotype frequency of -318C/T differed significantly between alloimmunized and nonalloimmunized SCD patients, irrespective of clinical confounders (p = .016). SCD patients heterozygous for -318T allele presented higher risk of alloantibody development (OR: 5.4, CI: 1.15-25.6). In conclusion, the polymorphism -318C/T of CTLA-4 gene is associated with RBC alloimmunization among SCD patients. This highlights the role played by CTLA-4 on post-transfusion alloantibody development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Oliveira
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Dezan
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C A Gomes
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Menosi Gualandro
- Discipline of Hematology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J D Marsiglia
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E Levi
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Rocha
- Discipline of Hematology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Mendrone-Junior
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E C Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C L Dinardo
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Levi JE, Lira SM, Bub CB, Polite MB, Terzian CC, Kutner JM. Contrasting HCV and HIV seroepidemiology in 11 years of blood donors screening in Brazil. Transfus Med 2017; 27:286-291. [PMID: 28524366 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donors are, in principle, healthy individuals who may be revealed as infectious for blood-borne agents by the laboratory screening process, depicting the asymptomatic burden of the disease. Therefore, monitoring hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected donor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected donor and associating to their demographical and behavioural characteristics may shed light on the dynamics and contemporary changes in these viruses' epidemiology. METHODS Donors presenting repeatedly reactive HCV or HIV serology/nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening results were submitted to confirmatory testing. Confirmed positive donors were invited to return to the blood bank for notification and counselling when a follow-up sample was obtained and an interview performed to eventually disclose potential risks. HCV- or HIV-infected donors identified over 11 years of screening (2004-2015) were evaluated for demographic and behavioural parameters. RESULTS In the period, 139 160 donations were screened, and 36 (0.025%) were found positive for HIV, stemming from 29 male and 7 female donors. Among those, eight subjects were repeat donors. A total of 95 donations were found repeatedly reactive for HCV (0.068%), obtained from 60 men and 35 women. Noticeably, in despite of a higher HCV prevalence in the donor population, the incidence of HIV among repeat donors was 10 times that of HCV (18 × 1.6/100 000 persons-year, respectively). On average, HIV-seroreactive men were found to be younger (mean = 34 years old) than women (mean = 40 years old). A total of 10 donors acknowledged sexual behaviours not previously informed, including 2 who were aware of their HIV-positive status and another 2 who admitted to be seeking HIV testing. No window period donation was verified. DISCUSSION The majority of the HIV-infected donors are young males who deny risk factors in the interview and also ignore the confidence self-exclusion opportunity. As they may reiterate this behaviour in serial donations, use of the most sensitive laboratory testing is justified in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Levi
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Lira
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C B Bub
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Polite
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Terzian
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Kutner
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Freitas VG, Focchi GR, Pereira ER, Levi JE, Speck NMG, Ribalta JC. HPV genotyping and p16 expression in Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr6840. [PMID: 27706717 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15036840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The association between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and p16 expression in indigenous women from the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil, was unknown. This study evaluated p16 expression in women with a histological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or higher and correlated this expression with HPV genotypes to determine possible discrepancies in the expression of this marker. We evaluated 37 previously collected samples with different HPV genotypes and high-grade lesions diagnosed based on cytology, histology, and colposcopy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using paraffin-embedded tissue sections and the CINtec® Histology Kit. p16 protein expression was investigated by immunostaining with an anti-p16 antibody. HPV genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization. The age of the study population ranged from 22-75 years (43.81 ± 15.89 years) and parity ranged from 1-11 (5.92 ± 2.58). Thirteen different HPV genotypes were found using the INNO-LiPA kit. Single and multiple infections by HPV were found with prevalence of single infections (P = 0.029). Comparison between HPV genotype and simple or multiple infections was highly significant; it was observed more HPV 52 followed by HPV 16 in single infections (P < 0.001). p16 expression was predominantly diffuse, which was observed in 91.7% of lesions, whereas 8.3% were focal (P < 0.001). HPV 52, HPV 16 and 31 were the most prevalent HPV types in high-grade CIN in these indigenous women. Diffuse p16 expression in high-grade CIN was not influenced by the viral genotype; however, more studies are necessary to further our understanding of this restricted group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Freitas
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G R Focchi
- Departamento de Patologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E R Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J E Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N M G Speck
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Ribalta
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa DC, Dezan M, Santos T, Schinaider AA, Schörner EJ, Levi JE, Santos-Silva MC. Screening for the SMIM1*64_80 del Allele in blood donors in a population from Southern Brazil. Transfus Med 2016; 26:355-359. [PMID: 27328373 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Serological screening for the Vel- phenotype is complex given the large individual variation in the levels of expression of the Vel antigen, and the polyclonal anti-human sera of immunised persons, when available, show heterogeneous reactivity levels. Studies of the SMIM1 gene have enabled the development of several molecular methodologies that will be crucially important for the screening of different populations, including Brazilians. To evaluate the deletion of 17 bp in the SMIM1 gene in a population from the south of Brazil, 448 unrelated blood donors from 7 regions comprising the haemotherapy network in the state of Santa Catarina were evaluated between August 2011 and March 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples from these donors were analysed employing a 5' nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 17 bp deletion in the SMIM1 gene. RESULTS Among the 448 samples analysed, 10 (2·23%) harboured the 17 bp deletion of the gene SMIM1, and all were heterozygote for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele. CONCLUSION The allelic frequency found differed from those observed in other Caucasian populations. This difference can be explained by the ethnic make-up of each Caucasian population. The data obtained are important to characterise the correct phenotype of the donor as the serological assay results are not reliable due to variations in the expression intensity of the Vel antigen in heterozygote donors for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele. Moreover, the tool used in this study is of great value for identifying a donor Vel- phenotype and supplying a possible need for transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Costa
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Dezan
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A A Schinaider
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - E J Schörner
- Immunohematology Laboratory, Santa Catarina Blood Bank, HEMOSC, Avenida Professor Othon Gama D'Eça, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - J E Levi
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Santos-Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tso FK, Rodrigues CLL, Levi JE, Mattosinho de Castro Ferraz MG, Speck NMG, Ribalta JCL. HPV infection-associated anogenital cyto-colpo-histological findings and molecular typing in HIV-positive women. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17630-40. [PMID: 26782408 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.21.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection is increasing, especially in the anal canal (AC) and cervico-vaginal regions. We identified anal epithelium abnormalities related to high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) lesions in the lower genital tracts (LGTs) of HIV-positive women, described the HPV genotypes identified, and assessed the expression of E6/E7 oncogenes in coinfected patients. Ninety-eight women were enrolled in groups combining HIV status and presence or absence of HPV in the LGT. Anal and cervical smears were collected for cytology and HR-HPV assays using Cobas(®) and/or PapilloCheck(®). Samples with highly oncogenic HPV genotypes were confirmed by NucliSENS EasyQ(®). Forty-two HIV-positive (25-52; mean age 39.5) and 56 HIV-negative (18-58; mean age 35.7) patients were included. E2 and C1 groups presented AC alterations (P = 0.002); altered images for high-resolution anoscopy were higher in E1 and C2 (P < 0.001). Of the 29 women with alterations, 41.38% were HIV-negative and 58.62% were HIV-positive (P < 0.001). HIV-positive patients accounted for 29% of the anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (P = 0.015). The Cobas(®) positive result frequency was higher in three AC groups than in the other groups. There was variation in the number of HPV types in the cervico-vaginal samples among the study groups (P < 0.001). Anal cytology and anoscopy showed more altered findings in HIV-positive patients with HPV in the LGT. HR-HPV anal infections by various genotypes are common and are associated with cervical infections in HIV-positive patients. E6/E7 expression is apparently more common in the AC of HIV-positive women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F K Tso
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C L L Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J E Levi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - N M G Speck
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J C L Ribalta
- Núcleo de Prevenção de Doenças Ginecológicas, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Levi JE, Cabral SPN, Nishiya A, Ferreira S, Romano CM, Polite MBC, Pereira RAA, Mota MA, Kutner JM. Absence of nonprimate hepacivirus-related genomes in blood donors seroreactive for hepatitis C virus displaying indeterminate blot patterns. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:e164-6. [PMID: 24689976 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive search, no primate homologue to the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) has ever been found. The search for a zoonotic origin for HCV has been renewed recently when a virus, now known as non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV), with a high homology to HCV was found in dogs. A variable proportion of anti-HCV reactive blood donors submitted to the immunoblot (IB) to confirm their HCV status, present indeterminate results. The degree of homology between HCV and NPHV suggests that humans may be infected by NPHV or NPHV-like viruses. Maximum similarity between NHPV and HCV is observed in the nonstructural regions 3 and 5. Peptides representing both domains are present in IB assays, so it is reasonable to suppose that blood donors harboring such viruses may display cross-reactivity to the HCV antigenic fractions. Fifty-nine plasma samples from blood donors found reactive for anti-HCV and presenting IB indeterminate results were submitted to five distinct PCR reactions under low-stringency conditions, employing primers targeting GBV-C 5'UTR and NS3, Flavivirus-genus NS5 and NPHV 5'UTR and NS3. No amplification was obtained with all primer pairs tested except for five samples that amplified both 5'UTR and NS3 fragments from GBV-C. Unbiased next-generation sequencing may prove or rule out the existence of HCV-related viruses in IB indeterminate samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Levi
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Blood Bank, São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Biology Department, Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Virology Lab, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira SC, de Almeida-Neto C, Nishiya AS, Oliveira CDL, Ferreira JE, Alencar CS, Levi JE, Salles NA, Mendrone A, Sabino EC. Demographic, risk factors and motivations among blood donors with reactive serologic tests for syphilis in São Paulo, Brazil. Transfus Med 2014; 24:169-75. [PMID: 24779667 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the demographic characteristics, risk factors and motivations for donating among blood donors with reactive serologic tests for syphilis. BACKGROUND Post-donation interviews with syphilis seropositive blood donors improve recruitment and screening strategies. METHODS This case-control study compares 75 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) > 8, EIA+ (enzyme immunoassay) and FTA-ABS+ (fluorescent treponemal antibody); 80 VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+; and 34 VDRL- and EIA- donors between 2004 and 2009. Donors were assessed by their demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, history of alcohol and illicit drugs use, and motivations to donate. RESULTS Donors with VDRL > 8 were more likely to be divorced [AOR = 12·53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·30-120·81], to have had more than six sexual partners (AOR=7·1; 95% CI 1·12-44·62) and to report male-male-sex in the past 12 months (AOR=8·18; 95% CI 1·78-37·60). Donors with VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ were less likely to be female (AOR=0·26; 95% CI 0·07-0·96), more likely to be older (AOR=10·2; 95% CI 2·45-42·58 ≥ 39 and <60 years old) and to have had more than six sexual partners in the past 12 months (AOR = 8·37; 95% CI 1·49-46·91). There was no significant difference among groups regarding illicit drugs use; 30·7% (VDRL > 8) and 12·5% (VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+) of donors reported that they had been at risk for HIV infection (P = 0·004). One-third of donors came to the blood bank to help a friend or a relative who needed blood. CONCLUSION Although donors exposed to syphilis reported and recognised some high risk behaviour, most were motivated by direct appeal to donate blood. Monitoring the risk profile of blood donors can benefit public health and improve blood safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Ferreira
- Infectious Diseases Division, Federal University of São Paulo; Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moresco MNDS, Virgolino HDA, de Morais MPE, da Motta-Passos I, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Assis LMS, Aguiar KRDL, Lombardi SCF, Malheiro A, Cavalheiro NDP, Levi JE, Torres KL. Occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon: implications for transfusion policy. Vox Sang 2014; 107:19-25. [PMID: 24697276 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil requires the performance of both a test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and a test for antibodies to the core of hepatitis B for blood donor screening. Blood centres in regions of high HBV endemicity struggle to maintain adequate stocks in face of the high discard rates due to anti-HBc reactivity. We evaluated the potential infectivity of donations positive for anti-HBc in search of a rational approach for the handling of these collections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We tested anti-HBc reactive blood donations from the state of Amazonas for the presence of HBV DNA and for titres of anti-HBs. The study population consists of village-based donors from the interior of Amazonas state. RESULTS Among 3600 donations, 799 were anti-HBc reactive (22·2%). We were able to perform real-time PCR for the HBV S gene on specimens from 291 of these donors. Eight of these samples were negative for HBsAg and positive for HBV DNA and were defined as occult B virus infections (2·7%). Six of those eight specimens had anti-HBs titres above 100 mIU/ml, indicating the concomitant presence of the virus with high antibody titres. CONCLUSION A small proportion of anti-HBc reactive donors carry HBV DNA and anti-HBs testing is not useful for predicting viremia on them. This finding indicates the possibility of HBV transmission from asymptomatic donors, especially in areas of high HBV prevalence. Sensitive HBV DNA nucleic acid testing may provide another level of safety, allowing eventual use of anti-HBc reactive units in critical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N dos S Moresco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada da, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lo CLH, Yip SP, Wei SJ, Levi JE, Leung PHM. A simple and economic quadruplex one-step reverse transcription-PCR assay for detecting and typing dengue viruses. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:2008-10. [PMID: 21803032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Roth WK, Busch MP, Schuller A, Ismay S, Cheng A, Seed CR, Jungbauer C, Minsk PM, Sondag-Thull D, Wendel S, Levi JE, Fearon M, Delage G, Xie Y, Jukic I, Turek P, Ullum H, Tefanova V, Tilk M, Reimal R, Castren J, Naukkarinen M, Assal A, Jork C, Hourfar MK, Michel P, Offergeld R, Pichl L, Schmidt M, Schottstedt V, Seifried E, Wagner F, Weber-Schehl M, Politis C, Lin CK, Tsoi WC, O'Riordan J, Gottreich A, Shinar E, Yahalom V, Velati C, Satake M, Sanad N, Sisene I, Bon AH, Koppelmann M, Flanagan P, Flesland O, Brojer E, Lętowska M, Nascimento F, Zhiburt E, Chua SS, Teo D, Stezinar SL, Vermeulen M, Reddy R, Park Q, Castro E, Eiras A, Gonzales Fraile I, Torres P, Ekermo B, Niederhauser C, Chen H, Oota S, Brant LJ, Eglin R, Jarvis L, Mohabir L, Brodsky J, Foster G, Jennings C, Notari E, Stramer S, Kessler D, Hillyer C, Kamel H, Katz L, Taylor C, Panzer S, Reesink HW. International survey on NAT testing of blood donations: expanding implementation and yield from 1999 to 2009. Vox Sang 2011; 102:82-90. [PMID: 21933190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
López RVM, Zago MA, Eluf-Neto J, Curado MP, Daudt AW, da Silva-Junior WA, Zanette DL, Levi JE, de Carvalho MB, Kowalski LP, Abrahão M, de Góis-Filho JF, Boffetta P, Wünsch-Filho V. Education, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and IL-2 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms in the survival of head and neck cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:1006-12. [PMID: 21845339 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of education, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and interleukin-2 (IL-2 +114 and -384) and -6 (IL-6 -174) DNA polymorphisms with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was investigated in a cohort study of 445 subjects. IL-2 and IL-6 genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of disease-specific survival according to anatomical sites of the head and neck. Mean age was 56 years and most patients were males (87.6%). Subjects with 5 or more years of schooling had better survival in larynx cancer. Smoking had no effect on HNSCC survival, but alcohol consumption had a statistically significant effect on larynx cancer. IL-2 gene +114 G/T (HR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.15-1.81) and T/T (HR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.02-3.19) genotypes were associated with better survival in hypopharynx cancer. IL-2 +114 G/T was a predictor of poor survival in oral cavity/oropharynx cancer and larynx cancer (HR = 1.32; 95%CI = 0.61-2.85). IL-2 -384 G/T was associated with better survival in oral cavity/oropharynx cancer (HR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.45-1.42) and hypopharynx cancer (HR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.21-2.20), but an inverse relationship was observed for larynx cancer. IL-6 -174 G/C was associated with better survival in hypopharynx cancer (HR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.26-1.78) and larynx cancer (HR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.42-2.07), and C/C reduced mortality in larynx cancer. In general, our results are similar to previous reports on the value of education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and IL-2 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms for the prognosis of HNSCC, but the risks due to these variables are small and estimates imprecise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V M López
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C) viraemia and anti-E2 antibody, and to assess the effect of co-infection with GBV-C and HIV during a 10-year follow-up of a cohort of 248 HIV-infected women. Laboratory variables (mean and median CD4 counts, and HIV and GBV-C viral loads) and clinical parameters were investigated. At baseline, 115 women had past exposure to GBV-C: 57 (23%) were GBV-C RNA positive and 58 (23%) were anti-E2 positive. There was no statistical difference between the groups (GBV-C RNA + /anti-E2 − , GBV-C RNA − /anti-E2 + and GBV-C RNA − /anti-E2 − ) regarding baseline CD4 counts or HIV viral loads ( P = 0.360 and 0.713, respectively). Relative risk of death for the GBV-C RNA + /anti-E2 − group was 63% lower than that for the GBV-C RNA − /anti-E2 − group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only HIV loads ≥ 100,000 copies/mL and AIDS-defining illness during follow-up were associated with shorter survival after AIDS development. It is likely that antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in our cohort blurred a putative protective effect related to the presence of GBV-C RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Campos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
| | - F M Tengan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
| | - S A A Silva
- Virology Lab, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E Levi
- Virology Lab, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reesink HW, Panzer S, Wendel S, Levi JE, Ullum H, Ekblom-Kullberg S, Seifried E, Schmidt M, Shinar E, Prati D, Berzuini A, Ghosh S, Flesland Ø, Jeansson S, Zhiburt E, Piron M, Sauleda S, Ekermo B, Eglin R, Kitchen A, Dodd RY, Leiby DA, Katz LM, Kleinman S. The use of malaria antibody tests in the prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria. Vox Sang 2010; 98:468-78. [PMID: 20136789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H W Reesink
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guilarde AO, Turchi MD, Siqueira JB, Feres VCR, Rocha B, Levi JE, Souza VAUF, Boas LSV, Pannuti CS, Martelli CMT. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever among adults: clinical outcomes related to viremia, serotypes, and antibody response. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:817-24. [PMID: 18269315 DOI: 10.1086/528805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical manifestations of dengue vary in different areas of endemicity and between specific age groups, whereas predictors of outcome have remained controversial. In Brazil, the disease burden predominantly affects adults, with an increasing trend toward progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) noted. METHODS A cohort of adults with confirmed cases of dengue was recruited in central Brazil in 2005. Patients were classified according to the severity of their disease. Associations of antibody responses, viremia levels (as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), and serotypes (as determined by multiplex PCR) with disease severity were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 185 symptomatic patients >14 years of age who had a confirmed case of dengue, 26.5% and 23.2% were classified as having intermediate dengue fever (DF)/DHF (defined as internal hemorrhage, plasma leakage, manifested signs of shock, and/or thrombocytopenia [platelet count, < or =50,000 platelets/mm3]) and DHF, respectively. The onset of intermediate DF/DHF and DHF occurred at a late stage of disease, around the period of defervescence. Patients with DHF had abnormal liver enzyme levels, with a >3-fold increase in aspartate aminotransferase level, compared with the range of values considered to be normal. Overall, 65% of patients presented with secondary infections with dengue virus, with such infection occurring in similar proportions of patients in each of the 3 disease category groups. Dengue virus serotype 3 (DV3) was the predominant serotype, and viremia was detected during and after defervescence among patients with DHF or intermediate DF/DHF. CONCLUSIONS Viremia was detected after defervescence in adult patients classified as having DHF or intermediate DF/DHF. Secondary infection was not a predictor of severe clinical manifestation in adults with infected with the DV3 serotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana O Guilarde
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica, Universidade Federal de Goias, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and features of headache among patients with confirmed dengue virus infection and to compare the headache features in patients with dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever, primary and secondary dengue infection, and patients with and without neurological involvement. Patients with classic dengue fever had a more intense headache than those with the more severe form of the disease, dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Domingues
- Escola de Medicina da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Pathology, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wendel S, Fachini RM, Levi JE, Ghaname JN, Mendonça MC, de Almeida Neto C, de Carvalho Braga M, Di Pietro AE. A single window-period donation detected by human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen after 5 years of routine screening in a group of Brazilian blood banks. Vox Sang 2002; 83:309-12. [PMID: 12437517 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2002.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to describe the experience of screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen (p24Ag) in blood donors, in four Brazilian Blood Banks, and to report the detection of the first window-period donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS During 61 months (May 96 to June 01), 103 470 consecutive donations were screened for HIV p24Ag using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Testing was carried out in accordance with the instructions supplied with the kits. RESULTS Fifty-eight repeatedly reactive samples were identified [0.056% of the total; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.042-0.070]. Ten of the 58 were confirmed as p24Ag positive after neutralization (0.010%; 95% CI: 0.004-0.016), nine of the 10 (0.009%; 95% CI: 0.003-0.014) were also HIV antibody positive and only one (0.001%; 95% CI: 0-0.003) was HIV antibody negative. CONCLUSIONS In this setting the rate of sole p24Ag-positive donations was one in 103 740. This figure corresponds closely with the previously estimated yield of one in 87 796 donations. The yield of HIV p24Ag+ : Ab- has been previously estimated in our centres to be 1 : 87 796 donations, a value similar to that observed in actual practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wendel
- Blood Bank, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Rua Adma Jafet, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Our study aimed at evaluating the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in a series of 84 paraffin-embedded (PET) penile carcinomas. We have also investigated the presence of p53 mutations in these tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC), single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Tissues were submitted to amplification of a 268 bp fragment from the beta-globin gene and a fragment of the E6 gene of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Twenty samples (18 fixed in Bouin's solution and 2 in buffered formalin) were found inadequate and were excluded from the analysis. In the remaining 64 tumors, HPV DNA was found in 26% of the samples. The prevalence of HPV in fresh samples of the same tumors was 56%. The most prevalent type was HPV 16 in both fresh samples and PET. Isotopic in situ hybridization was performed in all PET samples, but only 2 cases were positive, 1 for HPV 16 and 1 for HPV 18. Immunohistochemistry with anti-p53 pAb 1801 antibody showed a positive nuclear reaction over more than 5% of tumor cells in 26% of the cases. SSCP of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene was performed on 9 HPV-positive and 12 HPV-negative specimens. Abnormal mobility was found in 26% of the tumors, of which 2 were HPV-positive and 5 HPV-negative. Point mutations were detected in p53 exons 6 (1 case), 7 (1 case) and 8 (5 cases), showing that high-risk type HPVs and mutated p53 may coexist in these tumors. Our data indicate that a subset of penile carcinomas are etiologically related to HPV and that an overlapping subset may arise from mutational events in the p53 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Levi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pinho JR, Capacci ML, da Silva LC, Carrilho FJ, Santos CA, Pugliese V, Guz B, Levi JE, Ballarati CA, Bernardini AP. Hepatitis G virus/GB virus C in Brazil. Preliminary report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996; 38:243-6. [PMID: 9163994 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651996000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis G virus/GB virus C is a novel flavivirus recently detected in hepatitis non A-E cases. In this study, the presence of this virus in chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis patients was evaluated using GBV-C specific PCR and this virus was detected in one out of thirteen patients. This patient has presented a severe liver failure, has lived for a long time in the Western Amazon basin and no other cause for this clinical picture was reported. The impact of the discovery of this new agent is still under evaluation throughout the world. The study of the prevalence of this virus among chronic hepatitis patients and healthy individuals (as blood donors) will furnish subside to evaluate its real pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Pinho
- Serviço de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Villa LL, Caballero OL, Levi JE, Pena SD, Simpson AJ. An approach to human papillomavirus identification using low stringency single specific primer PCR. Mol Cell Probes 1995; 9:45-8. [PMID: 7760859 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(95)90992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new PCR-based technique, low stringency single specific primer-PCR (LSSP-PCR), has been adapted to produce gene signatures capable of distinguishing human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in clinical specimens. This approach potentially offers a sensitive, inexpensive and high-throughput methodology for precise clinical diagnosis of HPV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Villa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pasqualini R, Levi JE, Azul MI, Faria M, de Souza SJ, Brentani R. A monoclonal antibody (IID510g52) for the determination of functional domains within integrin cell surface receptors. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1992; 11:741-55. [PMID: 1284122 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1992.11.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against cell surface receptors can be useful for the study of structural and biochemical features involved in protein interactions underlying platelet adhesion and aggregation. We report here the characterization of a monoclonal antibody, IID510g52 (hereafter referred to as IID5), which has been selected based on its specific binding properties against the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa. Characterization of the reactive epitope, including evolutionary conservation and identification of related IID5 target antigens in tumor cells, suggest that the IID5 epitope is implicated in the ligand-binding function of integrin receptors. Indeed, we show that this MoAb acts as a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and cell adhesion. Taken together, these results indicate that such a monoclonal may be a strategic tool for better understanding multiple integrin-mediated adhesive reactions, as well as the determination of interacting recognition sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pasqualini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Levi JE, Delcelo R, Alberti VN, Torloni H, Villa LL. Human papillomavirus DNA in respiratory papillomatosis detected by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Pathol 1989; 135:1179-84. [PMID: 2556927 PMCID: PMC1880502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors have demonstrated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 in 10 of 13 (77%) juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis by in situ DNA hybridization using as probes the radiolabeled DNAs of HPVs 6, 11, 16, and 18. Of six specimens from adult laryngeal papillomatosis assayed by the same technique, only 33% were positive. Immunohistochemistry to detect HPV capsid antigens performed on serial sections gave positive signals in 44% (8 of 18) of the specimens, all from juvenile lesions. These results were in agreement with in situ hybridization, except in two cases. When both series (juvenile and adult) were analysed by amplification of a 450-bp fragment corresponding to the L1 ORF of the HPV genomes directed by the polymerase chain reaction, the frequency of positive specimens rose to 100%. Our data agree with the concept that HPV is implicated in the etiology of laryngeal papillomatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Levi
- Department of Virology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Junqueira LC, Kaminskas R, Levi JE, Joazeiro PP, Montes GS. Morphologic evidence that disruption of the Golgi apparatus in PFHR 9-tumor cells causes disturbance in the traffic through this organelle. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1988; 20:263-8. [PMID: 3395965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PFHR 9 is a murine teratocarcinoma-derived tumor which produces basement membrane components. Electron microscopy of the tumor cells disclosed a disorganization of the Golgi complex whose saccules, instead of being flattened, round up into 0.13 micron-wide spherical vesicles (SV). Their shape does not permit the normal stacking of parallel cisternae, and thus these SV become intermingled with transport vesicles (TV) which measure 44 nm in diameter. The cytoplasm of these tumor cells contains numerous multivesicular bodies (MVB) of varying size (ranging from 0.3 to 2.6 micron), which occupy 7% of the cellular volume. These MBV are packed with very many small vesicles similar in all aspects to the TV, and also contain a few larger vesicles which resemble the altered Golgi saccules (SV). Since these MVB display morphologic evidence for gradual lysis of their contents and strongly react with the cytochemical method for acid phosphatase, it is assumed that MVB are autophagic vacuoles which result from the accumulation of TV. This seems to be a unique example of a disease of the Golgi stack, with consequent accumulation and disposal of this material via autophagic vacuoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Junqueira
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|