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Naghavi M, Ong KL, Aali A, Ababneh HS, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahifar MA, Abdoun M, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Abebe SS, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abhilash ES, Abidi H, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abolmaali M, Abouzid M, Aboye GB, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abualruz H, Abubakar B, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Accrombessi MMK, Adal TG, Adamu AA, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adebiyi AO, Adekanmbi V, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adetunji JB, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyinka DA, Adeyomoye OI, Admass BAA, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afolabi AA, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agampodi SB, Agasthi P, Aggarwal M, Aghamiri S, Agide FD, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MB, 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K, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deravi N, Dereje N, Dervenis N, Dervišević E, Des Jarlais DC, Desai HD, Desai R, Devanbu VGC, Dewan SMR, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dhulipala VR, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz MJ, Dima A, Ding DD, Ding H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dirac MA, Djalalinia S, Do THP, do Prado CB, Doaei S, Dodangeh M, Dodangeh M, Dohare S, Dokova KG, Dolecek C, Dominguez RMV, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorostkar F, Dorsey ER, dos Santos WM, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dsouza V, Du M, Dube J, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, E'mar AR, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Echieh CP, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi D, Efendi F, Effendi DE, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Sayed I, Elbarazi I, Elema TB, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, ElGohary GMT, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Elilo LT, Elmeligy OAA, Elmonem MA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emeto TI, Engelbert 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Ghahramani S, Ghailan KY, Ghasemi MR, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghashghaee A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Ghimire A, Ghoba S, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh N, Ghorbani M, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Ghoshal AG, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Gnedovskaya EV, Göbölös L, Godinho MA, Goel A, Golchin A, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomes NGM, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Goyal A, Grada A, Graham SM, Grivna M, Grosso G, Guan SY, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Guimarães RA, Gulati S, Gunawardane DA, Gunturu S, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta MK, Gupta M, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gurmessa L, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Haddadi R, Hadei M, Hadi NR, Haep N, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Hall BJ, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hamilton EB, Han C, Han Q, Hanif A, Hanifi N, 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A, Lai DTC, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lám J, Landrum KR, Lanfranchi F, Lang JJ, Langguth B, Lansingh VC, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Latief K, Latifinaibin K, Lauriola P, Le NHH, Le TTT, Le TDT, Ledda C, Ledesma JR, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leong E, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Ligade VS, Likaka ATM, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lindstrom M, Linehan C, Liu C, Liu G, Liu J, Liu R, Liu S, Liu X, Liu X, Llanaj E, Loftus MJ, López-Bueno R, Lopukhov PD, Loreche AM, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Ma ZF, Maass KL, Machairas N, Machoy M, Madadizadeh F, Madsen C, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Maghazachi AA, Maharaj SB, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi A, Mahmoudi E, Mahmoudi R, Majeed A, Makhdoom IF, Malakan Rad E, Maled V, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra AK, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mansouri P, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maqsood S, Marasini 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Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2100-2132. [PMID: 38582094 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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U, Wozniak S, Wu C, Wu D, Wu F, Wu Z, Xia J, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadav MK, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yaribeygi H, Yasufuku Y, Ye P, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yigzaw ZA, Yin D, Yip P, Yismaw MB, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman SB, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zarimeidani F, Zastrozhin MS, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang AL, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao JT, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ziaeian B, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen SRM, Zoghi G, Zoller T, Zumla A, Zyoud SH, Zyoud SH, Murray CJL, Gakidou E. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2162-2203. [PMID: 38762324 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. METHODS The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk-outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk-outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk-outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk-outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. FINDINGS Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7-9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4-9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7-6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8-6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8-6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9-27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5-28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3-56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9-21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3-12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6-1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1-1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4-78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2-72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). INTERPRETATION Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Hasegawa M, Sasaki M, Umemoto Y, Hayashi R, Hatanaka A, Hosoki M, Farag A, Matsuura K, Yoshida T, Shimada K, Hamabe L, Takahashi K, Tanaka R. Exploring sleep heart rate variability: linear, nonlinear, and circadian rhythm perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1386425. [PMID: 38665772 PMCID: PMC11044001 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1386425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is believed to possess the potential for disease detection. However, early identification of heart disease remains challenging, as HRV analysis in dogs primarily reflects the advanced stages of the disease. Hypothesis/objective The aim of this study is to compare 24-h HRV with sleep HRV to assess the potential utility of sleep HRV analysis. Animals Thirty healthy dogs with no echocardiographic abnormalities were included in the study, comprising 23 females and 7 males ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years (mean [standard deviation], 1.4 [1.6]). Methods This study employed a cross-sectional study. 24-h HRV and sleep HRV were measured from 48-h Holter recordings. Both linear analysis, a traditional method of heart rate variability analysis, and nonlinear analysis, a novel approach, were conducted. Additionally, circadian rhythm parameters were assessed. Results In frequency analysis of linear analysis, the parasympathetic index nHF was significantly higher during sleep compared to the mean 24-h period (mean sleep HRV [standard deviation] vs. mean 24 h [standard deviation], 95% confidence interval, p value, r-family: 0.24 [0.057] vs. 0.23 [0.045], 0.006-0.031, p = 0.005, r = 0.49). Regarding time domain analysis, the parasympathetic indices SDNN and RMSSD were also significantly higher during sleep (SDNN: 179.7 [66.9] vs. 156.6 [53.2], 14.5-31.7, p < 0.001, r = 0.71 RMSSD: 187.0 [74.0] vs. 165.4 [62.2], 13.2-30.0, p < 0.001, r = 0.70). In a geometric method of nonlinear analysis, the parasympathetic indices SD1 and SD2 showed significantly higher values during sleep (SD1: 132.4 [52.4] vs. 117.1 [44.0], 9.3-21.1, p < 0.001, r = 0.70 SD2: 215.0 [80.5] vs. 185.9 [62.0], 17.6-40.6, p < 0.001, r = 0.69). Furthermore, the circadian rhythm items of the parasympathetic indices SDNN, RMSSD, SD1, and SD2 exhibited positive peaks during sleep. Conclusion The findings suggest that focusing on HRV during sleep can provide a more accurate representation of parasympathetic activity, as it captures the peak circadian rhythm items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hasegawa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Yokohama Isogo Animal Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Umemoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rio Hayashi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Hatanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marino Hosoki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Department of Small Animal Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Barros FC, Gunier RB, Rego A, Sentilhes L, Rauch S, Gandino S, Teji JS, Thornton JG, Kachikis AB, Nieto R, Craik R, Cavoretto PI, Winsey A, Roggero P, Rodriguez GB, Savasi V, Kalafat E, Giuliani F, Fabre M, Benski AC, Coronado-Zarco IA, Livio S, Ostrovska A, Maiz N, Castedo Camacho FR, Peterson A, Deruelle P, Giudice C, Casale RA, Salomon LJ, Soto Conti CP, Prefumo F, Mohamed Elbayoumy EZ, Vale M, Hernández V, Chandler K, Risso M, Marler E, Cáceres DM, Crespo GA, Ernawati E, Lipschuetz M, Ariff S, Takahashi K, Vecchiarelli C, Hubka T, Ikenoue S, Tavchioska G, Bako B, Ayede AI, Eskenazi B, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Papageorghiou AT, Villar J. Maternal vaccination against COVID-19 and neonatal outcomes during Omicron: INTERCOVID-2022 study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00078-4. [PMID: 38367758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early 2023, when Omicron was the variant of concern, we showed that vaccinating pregnant women decreased the risk for severe COVID-19-related complications and maternal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on newborns and the effects of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on neonatal outcomes when Omicron was the variant of concern. STUDY DESIGN INTERCOVID-2022 was a large, prospective, observational study, conducted in 40 hospitals across 18 countries, from November 27, 2021 (the day after the World Health Organization declared Omicron the variant of concern) to June 30, 2022, to assess the effect of COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes and to assess vaccine effectiveness. Women diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during pregnancy were compared with 2 nondiagnosed, unmatched women recruited concomitantly and consecutively during pregnancy or at delivery. Mother-newborn dyads were followed until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were a neonatal positive test for COVID-19, severe neonatal morbidity index, severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index, preterm birth, neonatal death, referral to neonatal intensive care unit, and diseases during the neonatal period. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated with adjustment for maternal risk profile. RESULTS We enrolled 4707 neonates born to 1577 (33.5%) mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 and 3130 (66.5%) nondiagnosed mothers. Among the diagnosed mothers, 642 (40.7%) were not vaccinated, 147 (9.3%) were partially vaccinated, 551 (34.9%) were completely vaccinated, and 237 (15.0%) also had a booster vaccine. Neonates of booster-vaccinated mothers had less than half (relative risk, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.91) the risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19 when compared with those of unvaccinated mothers; they also had the lowest rates of preterm birth, medically indicated preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, and number of days in the neonatal intensive care unit. Newborns of unvaccinated mothers had double the risk for neonatal death (relative risk, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-4.00) when compared with those of nondiagnosed mothers. Vaccination was not associated with any congenital malformations. Although all vaccines provided protection against neonatal test positivity, newborns of booster-vaccinated mothers had the highest vaccine effectiveness (64%; 95% confidence interval, 10%-86%). Vaccine effectiveness was not as high for messenger RNA vaccines only. Vaccine effectiveness against moderate or severe neonatal outcomes was much lower, namely 13% in the booster-vaccinated group (all vaccines) and 25% and 28% in the completely and booster-vaccinated groups, respectively (messenger RNA vaccines only). Vaccines were fairly effective in protecting neonates when given to pregnant women ≤100 days (14 weeks) before birth; thereafter, the risk increased and was much higher after 200 days (29 weeks). Finally, none of the neonatal practices studied, including skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding, increased the risk for infecting newborns. CONCLUSION When Omicron was the variant of concern, newborns of unvaccinated mothers had an increased risk for neonatal death. Neonates of vaccinated mothers had a decreased risk for preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Because the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination decreases with time, to ensure that newborns are maximally protected against COVID-19, mothers should receive a vaccine or booster dose no more than 14 weeks before the expected date of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Barros
- Post Graduate Program in Health in the Life Cycle, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Robert B Gunier
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Albertina Rego
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen Rauch
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Serena Gandino
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jagjit S Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jim G Thornton
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alisa B Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ricardo Nieto
- Division Neonatología, Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sarda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo I Cavoretto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Winsey
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Roggero
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel B Rodriguez
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, L- Sacco Hospital ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Erkan Kalafat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesca Giuliani
- Neonatal Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Fabre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Stefania Livio
- Hospital Buzzi, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Adela Ostrovska
- Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Maiz
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Philippe Deruelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carolina Giudice
- Servicio de Neonatologia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto A Casale
- Maternal and Child Department, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Federico Prefumo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marynéa Vale
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milagros Risso
- Servicio de Neonatología del Departamento Materno Infantil, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emily Marler
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ernawati Ernawati
- Medical Faculty Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Michal Lipschuetz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, Hadassah Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Teresa Hubka
- AMITA Health Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Babagana Bako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hosono Y, Takahashi K, Shigemitsu S, Akimoto S, Ifuku M, Yazaki K, Wakatsuki H, Yaguchi A, Tomita O, Fujimura J, Saito M, Yoneoka D, Shimizu T. Assessment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors during long-term follow-up using strain analysis and intraventricular pressure gradient measurements. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:105-116. [PMID: 37973710 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity from anthracycline chemotherapy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), and the cumulative incidence of cardiac events has continued to increase. This study identifies an adequate indicator of cardiac dysfunction during long-term follow-up. PROCEDURE In total, 116 patients (median age: 15.5 [range: 4.7-40.2] years) with childhood cancer who were treated with anthracycline were divided into three age groups for analysis (C1: 4-12 years of age, C2: 13-18 years of age, C3: 19-40 years of age), and 116 control patients of similar ages were divided into three corresponding groups (N1, N2, and N3). Layer-specific strains were assessed for longitudinal strain (LS) and circumferential strain (CS). The total and segmental intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) were also calculated based on Doppler imaging of the mitral inflow using Euler's equation. RESULTS Conventional echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between the patients and controls. All layers of the LS and inner and middle layers of the basal and papillary CS in all ages and all IVPGs in C2 and C3 decreased compared to those of corresponding age groups. Interestingly, basal CS and basal IVPG in CCS showed moderate correlation and both tended to rapidly decrease with aging. Furthermore, basal IVPG and anthracycline dose showed significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS Basal CS and total and basal IVPGs may be particularly useful indicators of cardiotoxicity in long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hosono
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-Shi, Chiba-Ken, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Sachie Shigemitsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, 3-1-10 Takanodai, Nerima-Ku, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ifuku
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kana Yazaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hisako Wakatsuki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akinori Yaguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Osamu Tomita
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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6
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Nagato K, Takahashi K, Yajima Y, Nakao M. Laser-assisted direct roller imprinting of large-area microstructured optical surfaces. Microsyst Nanoeng 2024; 10:9. [PMID: 38261881 PMCID: PMC10796369 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput fabrication method called laser-assisted direct roller imprinting (LADRI) was developed to lower the cost of nanoimprinting large-area polymer films and to address problems associated with nanoimprinting, namely, microstructural damage and precision in flatness of entire film. With LADRI, the laser directly heats the microstructured surface of the roller mold, which heats and melts the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film to replicate the microstructures on the mold rapidly. In this study, the effects of laser power density, scanning speed, size of the microstructures, and contact pressure on the replication speed were investigated experimentally. The replication speed increased as the power and scanning speed increased. However, because the film required heating until it filled the entire depth of the microstructure, an appropriate replication speed was necessary. This result was supported by simulation of the temperature distribution inside the mold and the PMMA using transient heat conduction analyses. To demonstrate the applications of LADRI, two different optical surfaces were replicated: an antireflection (AR) structure with conical structures sized several hundred nanometers and a light-extraction structure with a microlens array (MLA) comprising 10 μm lenses, for display and illumination, respectively. The replication degree of the MLA was governed by the contact pressure. Polymer flow simulation indicated that the heat conduction and flow speeds of the melted PMMA surface were comparable within several tens of micrometers. In addition, the reflectivity of the AR structure decreased from 4 to 0.5%, and the light intensity of the light-extraction structure increased by a factor of 1.47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nagato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yuki Yajima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
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7
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Staplin N, Haynes R, Judge PK, Wanner C, Green JB, Emberson J, Preiss D, Mayne KJ, Ng SYA, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Petrini M, Seidi S, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham 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Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Matsuzawa R, Nagai K, Takahashi K, Mori T, Onishi M, Tsuji S, Hashimoto K, Tamaki K, Wada Y, Kusunoki H, Nagasawa Y, Shinmura K. Serum Creatinine-Cystatin C Based Screening of Sarcopenia in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:116-124. [PMID: 38616367 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2024.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the discriminative capabilities for the manifestation of sarcopenia or physical frailty between serum creatinine- and cystatin C-derived indices among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary Care and Community. PARTICIPANTS We utilized a subset of data from the Frail Elderly in the Sasayama-Tamba Area (FESTA) study, which was initiated in 2015 to gather comprehensive information on various health-related parameters among community-dwelling older individuals (age ≥65 years). MEASUREMENTS Five serum creatinine-cystatin C based indices including the Sarcopenia Index, the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio, the disparity between serum cystatin-C-based and creatinine-based estimated GFR, the total body muscle mass index (TBMM), and the prediction equation for skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI) were employed. Sarcopenia and physical frailty were identified based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the discriminative abilities of these tools. RESULTS In the analysis of 954 participants, 52 (5.5%) were identified with sarcopenia and 35 (3.7%) with physical frailty. Regarding sarcopenia discrimination, TBMM and pSMI both exhibited area under the curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.8 for both men and women. Concerning the identification of physical frailty, AUC values ranged from 0.61 to 0.77 for males and 0.50 to 0.69 for females. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, only TBMM and pSMI consistently displayed associations with sarcopenia, irrespective of sex (P<0.001, respectively). On the other hand, no consistent associations were observed between the indices and physical frailty. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a robust association of a serum creatinine- and cystatin C-derived indices, especially TBMM and pSMI, with sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults. Conversely, the application of these indices for the screening of physical frailty has its constraints, necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsuzawa
- Ryota Matsuzawa, PT, PhD., Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan. Tel: +81-78-304-3181; Fax: +81-78-304-2811; E-mail:
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Takahashi K. Usefulness of End-Diastolic Forward Flow in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Circ J 2023; 88:81-82. [PMID: 38057081 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
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Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Kikuchi M, Koike K, Komatsu H, Takahashi K, Narita I, Okada H. Current treatment status of IgA nephropathy in Japan: a questionnaire survey. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:1032-1041. [PMID: 37646957 PMCID: PMC10654181 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, the Committee of Clinical Practical Guideline for IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) revised the clinical practice guidelines. Herein, we conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the potential discrepancies between clinical practice guidelines and real-world practice in Japan. METHODS A web-based survey of members of the Japanese Society of Nephrology was conducted between November 15 and December 28, 2021. RESULTS A total of 217 members (internal physicians: 203, pediatricians: 14) responded to the questionnaire. Of these respondents, 94.0% answered that the clinical practice guidelines were referred to "always" or "often." Approximately 66.4% respondents answered that histological grade (H-Grade) derived from the "Clinical Guidelines for IgA nephropathy in Japan, 3rd version" and the "Oxford classification" were used for pathological classification. Moreover, 73.7% respondents answered that the risk grade (R-grade) derived from the "Clinical Guidelines for IgA nephropathy in Japan, 3rd version" was referred to for risk stratification. The prescription rate of renin-angiotensin system blockers increased based on urinary protein levels (> 1.0 g/day: 88.6%, 0.5-1.0 g/day: 71.0%, < 0.5 g/day: 25.0%). Similarly, the prescription rate of corticosteroids increased according to proteinuria levels (> 1.0 g/day: 77.8%, 0.5-1.0 g/day: 52.8%, < 0.5 g/day: 11.9%). The respondents emphasized on hematuria when using corticosteroids. In cases of hematuria, the indication rate for corticosteroids was higher than in those without hematuria, even if the urinary protein level was 1 g/gCr or less. Few severe infectious diseases or serious deterioration in glycemic control were reported during corticosteroid use. CONCLUSION Our questionnaire survey revealed real-world aspects of IgAN treatment in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsuzaki
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - M Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - K Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Komatsu
- Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - I Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Okada
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Petpiroon N, Netkueakul W, Sukrak K, Wang C, Liang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li Q, Kamran R, Naruse K, Aueviriyavit S, Takahashi K. Development of lung tissue models and their applications. Life Sci 2023; 334:122208. [PMID: 37884207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Due to the ethical concerns around animal testing, alternative methods have been sought which are more time-effective, do not pose ethical issues for animals, do not involve species differences, and provide easy investigation of the pathobiology of lung diseases. Several national and international organizations are working to accelerate the development and implementation of structurally and functionally complex tissue models as alternatives to animal testing, particularly for the lung. Unfortunately, to date, there is no lung tissue model that has been accepted by regulatory agencies for use in inhalation toxicology. This review discusses the challenges involved in developing a relevant lung tissue model derived from human cells such as cell lines, primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It also introduces examples of two-dimensional (2D) air-liquid interface and monocultured and co-cultured three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, particularly organoid culture and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, it reviews development of the lung-on-a-chip model to mimic the microenvironment and physiological performance. The applications of lung tissue models in various studies, especially disease modeling, viral respiratory infection, and environmental toxicology will be also introduced. The development of a relevant lung tissue model is extremely important for standardizing and validation the in vitro models for inhalation toxicity and other studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinrat Petpiroon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sukrak
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Thailand Network Center on Air Quality Management: TAQM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chen Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yin Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rumaisa Kamran
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Rivera Tello GA, Takahashi K, Karamperidou C. Explained predictions of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events using deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21150. [PMID: 38036532 PMCID: PMC10689815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global and regional impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are sensitive to the details of the pattern of anomalous ocean warming and cooling, such as the contrasts between the eastern and central Pacific. However, skillful prediction of such ENSO diversity remains a challenge even a few months in advance. Here, we present an experimental forecast with a deep learning model (IGP-UHM AI model v1.0) for the E (eastern Pacific) and C (central Pacific) ENSO diversity indices, specialized on the onset of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events by including a classification output. We find that higher ENSO nonlinearity is associated with better skill, with potential implications for ENSO predictability in a warming climate. When initialized in May 2023, our model predicts the persistence of El Niño conditions in the eastern Pacific into 2024, but with decreasing strength, similar to 2015-2016 but much weaker than 1997-1998. In contrast to the more typical El Niño development in 1997 and 2015, in addition to the ongoing eastern Pacific warming, an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence analysis for 2023 identifies weak warm surface, increased sea level and westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific as precursors, countered by warm surface and southerly wind anomalies in the northern Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Rivera Tello
- Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | | | - Christina Karamperidou
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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14
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Abbasi RU, Allen MG, Arimura R, Belz JW, Bergman DR, Blake SA, Shin BK, Buckland IJ, Cheon BG, Fujii T, Fujisue K, Fujita K, Fukushima M, Furlich GD, Gerber ZR, Globus N, Hibino K, Higuchi R, Honda K, Ikeda D, Ito H, Iwasaki A, Jeong S, Jeong HM, Jui CH, Kadota K, Kakimoto F, Kalashev OE, Kasahara K, Kawata K, Kharuk I, Kido E, Kim SW, Kim HB, Kim JH, Kim JH, Komae I, Kubota Y, Kuznetsov MY, Lee KH, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lundquist JP, Matthews JN, Nagataki S, Nakamura T, Nakazawa A, Nonaka T, Ogio S, Ono M, Oshima H, Park IH, Potts M, Pshirkov S, Remington JR, Rodriguez DC, Rott C, Rubtsov GI, Ryu D, Sagawa H, Sakaki N, Sako T, Sakurai N, Shin H, Smith JD, Sokolsky P, Stokes BT, Stroman TS, Takahashi K, Takeda M, Taketa A, Tameda Y, Thomas S, Thomson GB, Tinyakov PG, Tkachev I, Tomida T, Troitsky SV, Tsunesada Y, Udo S, Urban FR, Wong T, Yamazaki K, Yuma Y, Zhezher YV, Zundel Z. An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array. Science 2023; 382:903-907. [PMID: 37995237 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle's energy as [Formula: see text] (~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Abbasi
- Physics Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M G Allen
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Arimura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - J W Belz
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D R Bergman
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S A Blake
- Stellar Science, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - B K Shin
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919, Ulsan, Korea
| | - I J Buckland
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B G Cheon
- Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - K Fujisue
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - K Fujita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - G D Furlich
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Z R Gerber
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N Globus
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - K Hibino
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - R Higuchi
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - K Honda
- University of Yamanashi, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - D Ikeda
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - A Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Jeong
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H M Jeong
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - C H Jui
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Kadota
- Department of Natural Sciences, Tokyo City University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - F Kakimoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - O E Kalashev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K Kasahara
- Shibauta Institute of Technology and Sicence, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Kawata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - I Kharuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - E Kido
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - I Komae
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - M Y Kuznetsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B K Lubsandorzhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J N Matthews
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Nagataki
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - A Nakazawa
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Ogio
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Ono
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - H Oshima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - I H Park
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Potts
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Pshirkov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J R Remington
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Martin Road, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - D C Rodriguez
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - C Rott
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - G I Rubtsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919, Ulsan, Korea
| | - H Sagawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Sakaki
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - T Sako
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Sakurai
- Faculty of Design Technology, 3-1-1 Nakagaito, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Shin
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - J D Smith
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Sokolsky
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B T Stokes
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T S Stroman
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Takahashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Taketa
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Tameda
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan
| | - S Thomas
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G B Thomson
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P G Tinyakov
- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, bvd du Triomphe CP225, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Tkachev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - T Tomida
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - S V Troitsky
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Udo
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - F R Urban
- The Central European Institute for Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Wong
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Yamazaki
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Y Yuma
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Y V Zhezher
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Z Zundel
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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15
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Usui T, Ishihara Y, Yoshida T, Kobayashi M, Sasaki K, Ma D, Yairo A, Mandour AS, Hendawy H, Doghish AS, Mohammed OA, Takahashi K, Tanaka R. Adipose Stem Cell-Seeded Decellularized Porcine Pericardium: A Promising Functional Biomaterial to Synergistically Restore the Cardiac Functions Post-Myocardial Infarction. Vet Sci 2023; 10:660. [PMID: 37999483 PMCID: PMC10675230 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death globally. Hence, reconstruction of the cardiac tissue comes at the forefront of strategies adopted to restore heart functions following MI. In this investigation, we studied the capacity of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (r-AdMSCs) and decellularized porcine pericardium (DPP) to restore heart functions in MI animals. MI was induced in four different groups, three of which were treated either using DPP (MI-DPP group), stem cells (MI-SC group), or both (MI-SC/DPP group). Cardiac functions of these groups and the Sham group were evaluated using echocardiography, the intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) on weeks 2 and 4, and intraventricular hemodynamics on week 4. On day 31, the animals were euthanized for histological analysis. Echocardiographic, IVPG and hemodynamic findings indicated that the three treatment strategies shared effectively in the regeneration process. However, the MI-SC/DPP group had a unique synergistic ability to restore heart functions superior to the other treatment protocols. Histology showed that the MI-SC/DPP group presented the lowest (p < 0.05) degeneration score and fibrosis % compared to the other groups. Conclusively, stem cell-seeded DPP is a promising platform for the delivery of stem cells and restoration of heart functions post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan;
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (T.U.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (T.U.); (Y.I.)
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Kenta Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Danfu Ma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Akira Yairo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11651, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.Y.); (A.S.M.); (H.H.)
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Akiya A, Takahashi K, Akimoto S, Hosono Y, Ifuku M, Iso T, Yazaki K, Shigemitsu S, Jimbo K, Kudo T, Ohtsuka Y, Shimizu T. Novel Findings of Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Childhood-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Layer-Specific Strain Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1546-1554. [PMID: 36971087 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than healthy individuals, owing to persistent chronic inflammation and treatment effects. This study aimed to assess left ventricular function in patients with childhood-onset IBD using layer-specific strain analysis and to identify early indicators of cardiac dysfunction in them. METHODS A total of 47 patients with childhood-onset ulcerative colitis (UC), 20 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 75 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in this study. Conventional echocardiographic measurements of layer-specific (ie, endocardium, midmyocardium, and epicardium) global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain (GCS) were evaluated in these participants. RESULTS Layer-specific strain analysis showed that global longitudinal strain was lower in all layers for the UC (P < .001) and CD (P < .001) groups, regardless of the age at onset, but that GCS was only lower in the midmyocardial (P = .032) and epicardial (P = .018) layers in the CD group than in the control group. Although the mean left ventricular wall thickness was not significantly different among the groups, it was significantly correlated with the GCS of the endocardial layer in the CD group (ρ= -0.615; P = .004), suggesting that thickening of the left ventricular wall occurred as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the endocardial strain in the CD group layer. CONCLUSIONS Children and young adults with childhood-onset IBD displayed decreased midmyocardial deformation. Layer-specific strain could also be useful to identify indicators of cardiac dysfunction in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Akiya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hosono
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ifuku
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iso
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Yazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachie Shigemitsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kurokawa K, Shukuya T, Greenstein RA, Kaplan BG, Wakelee H, Ross JS, Miura K, Furuta K, Kato S, Suh J, Sivakumar S, Sokol ES, Carbone DP, Takahashi K. Genomic characterization of thymic epithelial tumors in a real-world dataset. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101627. [PMID: 37703595 PMCID: PMC10594028 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare neoplasms arising in the mediastinum, including thymic carcinomas and thymomas. Due to their rarity, little is known about the genomic profiles of TETs. Herein, we investigated the genomic characteristics of TETs evaluated in a large comprehensive genomic profiling database in a real-world setting. METHODS We included data from two different cohorts: Foundation Medicine Inc. (FMI) in the United States and the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan. Samples profiled were examined for all classes of alterations in 253 genes targeted across all assays. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 794 patients were collected in our study, including 722 cases from FMI and 72 cases from C-CAT. In the FMI data, CDKN2A (39.9%), TP53 (30.2%) and CDKN2B (24.6%) were frequently altered in thymic carcinoma, versus TP53 (7.8%), DNMT3A (6.8%), and CDKN2A (5.8%) in thymoma. TMB-high (≥10 mutations/Mb) and MSI were present in 7.0% and 2.3% of thymic carcinomas, and 1.6% and 0.3% of thymomas, respectively. Within C-CAT data, CDKN2A (38.5%), TP53 (36.5%) and CDKN2B (30.8%) were also frequently altered in thymic carcinoma, while alterations of TSC1, SETD2 and LTK (20.0% each) were found in thymoma. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort in which genomic alterations, TMB and MSI status of TETs were investigated. Potential targets for treatment previously unbeknownst in TETs are identified in this study, entailing newfound opportunities to advance therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kurokawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shukuya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - B G Kaplan
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - H Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA; Departments of Pathology and Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - K Miura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Furuta
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Suh
- Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - E S Sokol
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - D P Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka N, Matsui K, Harada M, Fukunaga H, Takahashi K, Kishiro M, Shimizu T. Emergency pacing via the umbilical vein of a neonate with congenital complete atrioventricular block: a report of two cases. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:2104-2109. [PMID: 37095716 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases of successful emergency pacing via the umbilical vein in neonates with congenital complete atrioventricular block. The first patient, a neonate with normal cardiac anatomy, underwent emergency temporary pacing via the umbilical vein under echocardiographic guidance. The patient underwent permanent pacemaker implantation on postnatal day 4. The second patient, a neonate with heterotaxy syndrome, underwent emergency temporary pacing through the umbilical vein under fluoroscopic guidance. The patient underwent permanent pacemaker implantation on postnatal day 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoko Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Harada
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukunaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kishiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
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Yglesias-González M, Valdés-Velásquez A, Hartinger SM, Takahashi K, Salvatierra G, Velarde R, Contreras A, Santa María H, Romanello M, Paz-Soldán V, Bazo J, Lescano AG. Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290767. [PMID: 37751405 PMCID: PMC10522041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyond historical variability. These include sea surface temperature increases, irregular precipitation patterns and reduction of glacier-covered areas. In addition, climate scenarios show amplification in rainfall variability related to the warmer conditions associated with El Niño events. Extreme weather can affect human health, increase shocks and stresses to the health systems, and cause large economic losses. In this article, we study the characteristics of El Niño events in Peru, its health and economic impacts and we discuss government preparedness for this kind of event, identify gaps in response, and provide evidence to inform adequate planning for future events and mitigating impacts on highly vulnerable regions and populations. This is the first case study to review the impact of a Coastal El Niño event on Peru's economy, public health, and governance. The 2017 event was the third strongest El Niño event according to literature, in terms of precipitation and river flooding and caused important economic losses and health impacts. At a national level, these findings expose a need for careful consideration of the potential limitations of policies linked to disaster prevention and preparedness when dealing with El Niño events. El Niño-related policies should be based on local-level risk analysis and efficient preparedness measures in the face of emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Yglesias-González
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Valdés-Velásquez
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- EcoSalud, Laboratorio de Ecosalud y Ecología Urbana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Stella M. Hartinger
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Guillermo Salvatierra
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo Velarde
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- EcoSalud, Laboratorio de Ecosalud y Ecología Urbana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alvaro Contreras
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Valerie Paz-Soldán
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Health Office of Latin America, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Bazo
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Clima, Latin American Centre of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Yamamoto S, Wells K, Morita K, Tanigaki K, Muro K, Matsumoto M, Nakai H, Arai Y, Akizuki S, Takahashi K, Minamiguchi S, Fukuma S, Yanagita M. Severe TAFRO Syndrome Mimicking Hepatorenal Syndrome Successfully Treated with a Multidisciplinary Approach: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2023; 62:2715-2724. [PMID: 36725034 PMCID: PMC10569924 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1178-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding the ideal balance between efficacy and safety of immunosuppression is challenging, particularly in cases of severe TAFRO syndrome. We herein report a 60-year-old man diagnosed with grade 5 TAFRO syndrome mimicking hepatorenal syndrome that was successfully treated by glucocorticoid, tocilizumab, and cyclosporin despite virus infection. Furthermore, by examining 14 peer-reviewed remission cases, we revealed that the recovery periods among inflammation, renal dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia were quite different, with recovery from thrombocytopenia notably slow. All patients requiring dialysis were successfully withdrawn from dialysis, and the reversibility from kidney injury was good. This clinical information will help clinicians plan treatments and tailor the intensity of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Ken Wells
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Keisuke Morita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanigaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kansai Denryoku Hospital, Japan
| | - Koji Muro
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Minami Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Nakai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Shuji Akizuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamiguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Human and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan
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21
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Yoshida H, Shiokawa M, Kuwada T, Muramoto Y, Ota S, Nishikawa Y, Maeda H, Kakiuchi N, Okamoto K, Yamazaki H, Yokode M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto S, Hirano T, Okada H, Marui S, Sogabe Y, Matsumori T, Mima A, Uza N, Eso Y, Takai A, Takahashi K, Ueda Y, Kodama Y, Chiba T, Seno H. Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:778-789. [PMID: 37310456 PMCID: PMC10366314 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) possess autoantibodies against biliary epithelial cells. However, the target molecules remain unknown. METHODS The sera of patients with PSC and controls were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect autoantibodies using recombinant integrin proteins. Integrin αvβ6 expression in the bile duct tissues was examined using immunofluorescence. The blocking activity of the autoantibodies was examined using solid-phase binding assays. RESULTS Anti-integrin αvβ6 antibodies were detected in 49/55 (89.1%) patients with PSC and 5/150 (3.3%) controls (P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.1% and 96.7%, respectively, for PSC diagnosis. When focusing on the presence or absence of IBD, the proportion of the positive antibodies in PSC with IBD was 97.2% (35/36) and that in PSC alone was 73.7% (14/19) (P = 0.008). Integrin αvβ6 was expressed in bile duct epithelial cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G from 15/33 patients with PSC blocked integrin αvβ6-fibronectin binding through an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) tripeptide motif. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against integrin αvβ6 were detected in most patients with PSC; anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Muramoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirona Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokode
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiko Marui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsumori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Uza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Eso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ueda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mandour AS, Farag A, Helal MAY, El-Masry G, Al-Rejaie S, Takahashi K, Yoshida T, Hamabe L, Tanaka R. Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure Using Novel Color M-Mode Echocardiography in Animal Studies: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2452. [PMID: 37570261 PMCID: PMC10417806 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of diastolic function has received great interest in order to comprehend its crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and for the early identification of cardiac events. Silent changes in the intraventricular flow (IVF) dynamics occur before the deterioration of the cardiac wall, although they cannot be detected using conventional echocardiography. Collective information on left ventricular (LV) pressures throughout the cardiac cycle has great value when dealing with patients with altered hemodynamics. Accurate pressure measurement inside the ventricle can be obtained by invasive methods to determine the LV diastolic pressures, which reflect the myocardial relaxation and compliance. However, catheterization is only feasible in the laboratory setting and is not suitable for clinical use due to its disadvantages. In contrast, echocardiography is simple, safe, and accessible. Color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) is an advanced cardiac evaluation technique that can measure the intraventricular pressure differences (IVPDs) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) based on the Doppler shift of the IVF. Recently, the assessment of IVPD and IVPG has gained growing interest in the cardiovascular literature in both animal and human studies as a non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunctions, especially diastolic ones. The usability of IVPD and IVPG has been reported in various surgically induced heart failure or pharmacologically altered cardiac functions in rats, dogs, cats, and goats. This report aims to give an overview of the current studies of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG in animal studies and its feasibility for clinical application in veterinary practice and to provide the prospects of the technique's ability to improve our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Masry
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Division of Veterinary Research, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
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Dan K, Takahashi K, Lefor AK. Measuring and maintaining organ perfusion in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis undergoing cardiac surgery. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12236. [PMID: 37408768 PMCID: PMC10318576 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Takayasu's arteritis is a rare vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Disease progression can result in arterial stenosis and subsequent organ dysfunction. Estimating organ perfusion by measuring the peripheral blood pressure can be challenging because it may be altered by arterial stenosis. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis with aortic and mitral regurgitation who presented for aortic valve replacement and mitral valvuloplasty. Peripheral arterial pressure was considered a less reliable surrogate for organ perfusion because the patient had diminished blood flow in both the lower and upper extremities. In addition to the bilateral radial arterial pressure, the blood pressure in the ascending aorta was monitored to estimate the patient's organ perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass. The initial target blood pressure was determined based on the pre-operative baseline and modified by measurement of the aortic pressure. Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy and mixed venous saturation was monitored to estimate oxygen supply-demand balance, which helped evaluate cerebral perfusion and determine the transfusion threshold. The entire procedure was uneventful, and no organ dysfunction was observed postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dan
- Department of AnaesthesiaTokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical CenterChibaJapan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Department of AnaesthesiaJichi Medical University Saitama Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - A. K. Lefor
- Department of SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
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24
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Iwashima S, Yanase Y, Takahashi K, Murakami Y, Tanaka A, Hiyoshi Y. Non-Invasive Myocardial Work Indices in Infants Born to Mothers With Diabetes in Pregnancy. Circ J 2023:CJ-22-0804. [PMID: 37344403 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used echocardiography to investigate non-invasive myocardial work (MCW) indices in infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy (gestational DM: GDM), including those diagnosed under novel classification criteria and those with pre-existing DM.Methods and Results: This single-centered, retrospective study included 25 infants born to mothers with GDM (termed "infant with GDM"), which was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test results during pregnancy or the presence of diabetes before the current pregnancy. We evaluated the relationship between the infant's MCW, such as global constructive work (GCW), global work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), and global wasted work (GWW), and the mother's GDM maximal HbA1c during pregnancy. HbA1c level in GDM significantly negatively correlated with GWI* (r=-0.565) and GCW* (r=-0.641). In infants with GDM, GWI and GCW were significantly higher with <6.5% HbA1c than in those with >6.5% HbA1c GDM; however, the specific-layer global longitudinal strain analyses did not show any significant differences between the groups. The pressure-strain loop in infants with >6.5% HbA1c in GDM tended to be smaller than in those infants with <6.5% HbA1c GDM. CONCLUSIONS The hyperglycemic environment of GDM leads to impaired MCW in the infants. MCW is useful for screening for cardiac illnesses among infants with GDM. Appropriate maternal blood glucose management while maintaining HbA1c <6.5% might be beneficial for the cardiac performance of infants with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iwashima
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chutoen General Medical Center
| | - Yuma Yanase
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwata City Hospital
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chutoen General Medical Center
| | - Aki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chutoen General Medical Center
| | - Yasuo Hiyoshi
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Chutoen General Medical Center
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25
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Yamamoto Y, Takahashi K, Takamizu A, Ogawa T, Yoshida K, Itakura A. Normative change with gestation in fetal intraventricular pressure difference with color M-mode Doppler echocardiography. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023. [PMID: 37190899 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) is the pressure difference in early diastole from the base to the apex of the ventricle. It is a useful marker for evaluating diastolic function because of its role as a suction force. This study investigated the changes in total and segmental IVPDs in normal fetuses throughout gestation to obtain normative data equations. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven healthy pregnant women at 12-40 weeks of gestation were prospectively enrolled to evaluate IVPD. The color M mode was performed, and the image was evaluated using our own code to calculate the IVPD. Segmental IVPD was divided into mid to apex and base. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate this relationship. RESULTS There was a significant, positive relationship between IVPD and gestational age in both ventricles (right ventricle [RV]: r = 0.800, left ventricle [LV]: r = 0.818). As for segmental IVPD, basal and mid-apical IVPD also increased with gestation in both ventricles (RV: basal, r = 0.627; mid-apical, r = 0.705; LV: basal r = 0.758; mid-apical, r = 0.756). IVPG, which was calculated as IVPD/ventricular length, also showed a weak, positive relationship with gestation in both ventricles (RV r = 0.351, p < 0.001; LV r = 0.373, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The total and segmental IVPDs significantly increased linearly through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Takamizu
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koyo Yoshida
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Takahashi K, Samura O, Hasegawa A, Okubo H, Morimoto K, Horiya M, Okamoto A, Ochiai D, Tanaka M, Sekiguchi M, Miyasaka N, Suzuki Y, Tabata T, Hayata E, Nakata M, Suzuki T, Nishi H, Toda Y, Tanigaki S, Furuya N, Hasegawa J, Tamaru S, Kamei Y, Sayama S, Nagamatsu T, Takahashi YO, Kitagawa M, Arakaki T, Sekizawa A. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination status and concerns among pregnant women in Japan: a multicenter questionnaire survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:332. [PMID: 37161480 PMCID: PMC10169175 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mRNA vaccination is an effective, safe, and widespread strategy for protecting pregnant women against infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, information on factors such as perinatal outcomes, safety, and coverage of mRNA vaccinations among pregnant women is limited in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perinatal outcomes, coverage, adverse effects, and short-term safety of mRNA vaccination as well as vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women. METHODS We conducted a multicenter online survey of postpartum women who delivered their offspring at 15 institutions around Tokyo from October 2021 to March 2022. Postpartum women were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Perinatal outcomes, COVID-19 prevalence, and disease severity were compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions in the vaccinated group and the reasons for being unvaccinated were also investigated retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 1,051 eligible postpartum women were included. Of these, 834 (79.4%) had received an mRNA vaccine, while 217 (20.6%) had not, mainly due to concerns about the effect of vaccination on the fetus. Vaccination did not increase the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes, including fetal morphological abnormalities. The vaccinated group demonstrated low COVID-19 morbidity and severity. In the vaccinated group, the preterm birth rate, cesarean section rate, and COVID-19 incidence were 7.2%, 33.2%, and 3.3%, respectively, compared with the 13.7%, 42.2%, and 7.8% in the unvaccinated group, respectively. Almost no serious adverse reactions were associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS mRNA vaccines did not demonstrate any adverse effects pertaining to short-term perinatal outcomes and might have prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduced COVID-19 severity. Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine in relation to the fetus and the mother were the main reasons that prevented pregnant women from being vaccinated. To resolve concerns, it is necessary to conduct further research to confirm not only the short-term safety but also the long-term safety of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Haruna Okubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Morimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihonmachi, Komae, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan
| | - Madoka Horiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa City, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Eijiro Hayata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Tomoo Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yumi Toda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Natsumi Furuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Junichi Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kamei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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27
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Harabayashi R, Takahashi M, Takahashi K, Sugimoto T, Uchida J, Nakamura Y, Nagayama K. Safety Profile of the Concomitant Use of Atorvastatin and Cyclosporine in Renal Transplant Recipients. Pharmazie 2023; 78:47-50. [PMID: 37189269 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2023.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CyA) and atorvastatin (AT) are often administered concomitantly to treat dyslipidemia in renal transplant recipients. However, CyA greatly increases the plasma concentration of AT; therefore, concomitant use might increase the frequency of statin-induced adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether concomitant use of CyA and AT increases intolerance of the latter agent in Japanese renal transplantation recipients. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of renal transplant recipients aged 18 years and older who had concomitantly received AT and CyA, or tacrolimus (Tac) therapy. We defined statin intolerance as a decrease in dose or discontinuation of AT due to adverse effects. We evaluated the incidence of statin intolerance in concomitant therapy with CyA for 100 days after the initial administration of AT in comparison with Tac. A total of 144 renal transplant recipients who received AT and CyA, or Tac between January 2013 and December 2019 were included. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of statin intolerance in both the CyA (1.8%; 1/57 patients) and Tac (3.4%; 3/87 patients) groups. Concomitant use of CyA and AT might not increase the incidence of statin intolerance in Japanese renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harabayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan;,
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Uchida
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Nagayama
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Walker-Bone K, Benke G, MacFarlane E, Klebe S, Takahashi K, Brims F, Sim MR, Driscoll TR. Incidence and mortality from malignant mesothelioma 1982-2020 and relationship with asbestos exposure: the Australian Mesothelioma Registry. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:186-191. [PMID: 36754595 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon cancer associated with asbestos exposure, predominantly occupational. Asbestos has been banned in Australia since 2003 but mesothelioma has a long latency and incident cases continue to present. The Australian Mesothelioma Registry was incepted to collect systematic data about incidence and mortality alongside asbestos exposure. METHODS Benefiting from the Australian national system of cancer notification, all incident cases of mesothelioma in all states and territories are fast-tracked and notified regularly. Notified patients are contacted asking for consent to collect exposure information, initially by postal questionnaire and subsequently by telephone interview. Age-standardised annual incidence rates and mortality rates were calculated. Asbestos exposure was categorised as occupational, non-occupational, neither or, both; and as low, or high, probability of exposure. RESULTS Mesothelioma incidence appears to have peaked. The age-standardised incidence rates have declined steadily since the early 2000s (peaking in males at 5.9/100 000 and in all-persons at 3.2/100 000), driven by rates in males, who comprise the majority of diagnosed cases. Rates in women have remained fairly stable since that time. Age-standardised mortality rates have followed similar trends. Mesothelioma remains the most common in those aged over 80 years. Nearly all (94%) cases were linked with asbestos exposure (78% occupational in men; 6.8% in women). CONCLUSIONS With effective control of occupational asbestos use, the decline in age-standardised incidence and death rates has occurred. Incidence rates among women, in whom occupational asbestos exposure is rarely detectable, remain unchanged, pointing to the role of household and /or environmental asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Walker-Bone
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Geza Benke
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewan MacFarlane
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Klebe
- South Australia Pathology, Flinders Institute, Adelaide, Western Australia, Australia.,Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fraser Brims
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University - Perth City Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Ross Sim
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim R Driscoll
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Matsuzawa R, Morise M, Ito K, Hataji O, Takahashi K, Kuwatsuka Y, Goto Y, Imaizumi K, Itani H, Yamaguchi T, Zenke Y, Oki M, Ishii M. 46P Multi-center, phase II study of docetaxel (DTX) plus ramucirumab (RAM) following platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICIs in patients with NSCLC: SCORPION study. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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30
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Osaki T, Amaha T, Murahata Y, Sunden Y, Iguchi A, Harada K, Tsujino K, Murakami K, Ishii T, Takahashi K, Ishizuka M, Tanaka T, Okamoto Y. Utility of 5-aminolaevulinic acid fluorescence-guided endoscopic biopsy for malignant mesothelioma in a cat and dog. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:99-105. [PMID: 36482150 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is uncommon in cats and dogs and can be challenging to diagnose. Adequate tissue sampling is required for superior diagnostic accuracy. Protoporphyrin IX, a metabolite of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA), is a photosensitiser for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the use of 5-ALA-PDD to detect MM in veterinary medicine. The present study describes the use of 5-ALA-PDD for MM diagnosis in a cat and dog, as well as the effectiveness of intracavitary chemotherapy. We evaluated the use of PDD with 5-ALA hydrochloride (5-ALA-PDD) in two cases of MM. A 12-year-old cat presented with a 1-month history of respiratory distress, and a 9-year-old dog presented with a 3-month history of mild abdominal distention. We endoscopically biopsied lesions in both the cases using 5-ALA-PDD. Histopathological examination revealed mesothelioma, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for calretinin. Both patients were treated with carboplatin. The cat died of respiratory failure. Although, the dog's condition improved 21 days after the first chemotherapeutic drug administration, the dog died on day 684 owing to cardiac-related issues. 5-ALA-PDD is thus, safe and feasible for the diagnosis of MM in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Osaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - T Amaha
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Y Murahata
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Y Sunden
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - A Iguchi
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - K Harada
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - K Tsujino
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - K Murakami
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ishii
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - M Ishizuka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Okamoto
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Villar J, Soto Conti CP, Gunier RB, Ariff S, Craik R, Cavoretto PI, Rauch S, Gandino S, Nieto R, Winsey A, Menis C, Rodriguez GB, Savasi V, Tug N, Deantoni S, Fabre M, Martinez de Tejada B, Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Livio S, Napolitano R, Maiz N, Sobrero H, Peterson A, Deruelle P, Giudice C, Teji JS, Casale RA, Salomon LJ, Prefumo F, Cheikh Ismail L, Gravett MG, Vale M, Hernández V, Sentilhes L, Easter SR, Capelli C, Marler E, Cáceres DM, Albornoz Crespo G, Ernawati E, Lipschuetz M, Takahashi K, Vecchiarelli C, Hubka T, Ikenoue S, Tavchioska G, Bako B, Ayede AI, Eskenazi B, Thornton JG, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Papageorghiou AT. Pregnancy outcomes and vaccine effectiveness during the period of omicron as the variant of concern, INTERCOVID-2022: a multinational, observational study. Lancet 2023; 401:447-457. [PMID: 36669520 PMCID: PMC9910845 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, we showed an increased risk associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy. Since then, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone genetic mutations. We aimed to examine the effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy, and evaluate vaccine effectiveness, when omicron (B.1.1.529) was the variant of concern. METHODS INTERCOVID-2022 is a large, prospective, observational study, involving 41 hospitals across 18 countries. Each woman with real-time PCR or rapid test, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy was compared with two unmatched women without a COVID-19 diagnosis who were recruited concomitantly and consecutively in pregnancy or at delivery. Mother and neonate dyads were followed until hospital discharge. Primary outcomes were maternal morbidity and mortality index (MMMI), severe neonatal morbidity index (SNMI), and severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index (SPMMI). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated, adjusted by maternal risk profile. FINDINGS We enrolled 4618 pregnant women from Nov 27, 2021 (the day after WHO declared omicron a variant of concern), to June 30, 2022: 1545 (33%) women had a COVID-19 diagnosis (median gestation 36·7 weeks [IQR 29·0-38·9]) and 3073 (67%) women, with similar demographic characteristics, did not have a COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, women with a diagnosis had an increased risk for MMMI (relative risk [RR] 1·16 [95% CI 1·03-1·31]) and SPMMI (RR 1·21 [95% CI 1·00-1·46]). Women with a diagnosis, compared with those without a diagnosis, also had increased risks of SNMI (RR 1·23 [95% CI 0·88-1·71]), although the lower bounds of the 95% CI crossed unity. Unvaccinated women with a COVID-19 diagnosis had a greater risk of MMMI (RR 1·36 [95% CI 1·12-1·65]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in the total sample increased the risk of severe maternal complications (RR 2·51 [95% CI 1·84-3·43]), perinatal complications (RR 1·84 [95% CI 1·02-3·34]), and referral, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death (RR 11·83 [95% CI 6·67-20·97]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in unvaccinated women increased the risk of MMMI (RR 2·88 [95% CI 2·02-4·12]) and referral, ICU admission, or death (RR 20·82 [95% CI 10·44-41·54]). 2886 (63%) of 4618 total participants had at least a single dose of any vaccine, and 2476 (54%) of 4618 had either complete or booster doses. Vaccine effectiveness (all vaccines combined) for severe complications of COVID-19 for all women with a complete regimen was 48% (95% CI 22-65) and 76% (47-89) after a booster dose. For women with a COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine effectiveness of all vaccines combined for women with a complete regimen was 74% (95% CI 48-87) and 91% (65-98) after a booster dose. INTERPRETATION COVID-19 in pregnancy, during the first 6 months of omicron as the variant of concern, was associated with increased risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, especially among symptomatic and unvaccinated women. Women with complete or boosted vaccine doses had reduced risk for severe symptoms, complications, and death. Vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains a priority. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo I Cavoretto
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Serena Gandino
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Nieto
- Division Neonatología, Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sarda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adele Winsey
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Camilla Menis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel B Rodriguez
- Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, L- Sacco Hospital ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niyazi Tug
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sonia Deantoni
- Neonatal Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Fabre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefania Livio
- Children's Hospital V Buzzi, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napolitano
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK; Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nerea Maiz
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Sobrero
- Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Philippe Deruelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carolina Giudice
- Servicio de Neonatologia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jagjit S Teji
- Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto A Casale
- Maternal and Child Department, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Federico Prefumo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael G Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marynéa Vale
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valeria Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah R Easter
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carola Capelli
- Servicio de Neonatología del Departamento Materno Infantil, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emily Marler
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ernawati Ernawati
- Medical Faculty Universitas Airlangga - Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Michal Lipschuetz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Division- Hadassah Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Teresa Hubka
- Ascension-Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Babagana Bako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Adejumoke I Ayede
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jim G Thornton
- University of Nottingham Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Ravi V, Murashima-Suginami A, Kiso H, Tokita Y, Huang C, Bessho K, Takagi J, Sugai M, Tabata Y, Takahashi K. Advances in tooth agenesis and tooth regeneration. Regen Ther 2023; 22:160-168. [PMID: 36819612 PMCID: PMC9931762 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of treatment options for congenital (0.1%) and partial (10%) tooth anomalies highlights the need to develop innovative strategies. Over two decades of dedicated research have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of congenital and acquired tooth loss. We revealed that by inactivating USAG-1, congenital tooth agenesis can be successfully ameliorated during early tooth development and that the inactivation promotes late-stage tooth morphogenesis in double knockout mice. Furthermore, Anti- USAG-1 antibody treatment in mice is effective in tooth regeneration and can be a breakthrough in treating tooth anomalies in humans. With approximately 0.1% of the population suffering from congenital tooth agenesis and 10% of children worldwide suffering from partial tooth loss, early diagnosis will improve outcomes and the quality of life of patients. Understanding the role of pathogenic USAG-1 variants, their interacting gene partners, and their protein functions will help develop critical biomarkers. Advances in next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, and imaging technologies will assist in developing companion and predictive biomarkers to help identify patients who will benefit from tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Ravi
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Murashima-Suginami
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kiso
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Tokita
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - C.L. Huang
- Department of ThoracicSurgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K. Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J. Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Sugai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Y. Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20, Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan. Fax: +81-6-6312-8867.
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Nishizaki N, Tsuji S, Akagawa S, Hirano D, Takahashi K, Shimizu T, Kaneko K. Comparison of the characteristics and factors influencing hospital visits among children with nocturnal enuresis in Japan: The Hirakata-Urayasu population-based cohort study. Int J Urol 2023; 30:408-414. [PMID: 36702789 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of school-aged children with nocturnal enuresis and factors influencing hospital visits between two regions in Japan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture, and Urayasu City, Chiba Prefecture. An anonymous online questionnaire was administered to all public elementary and junior high school students (aged 6-16 years) or their guardians. Questions included age, gender, perinatal history, frequency of nocturnal enuresis, frequency of bowel movements, comorbidities, and hospital visits for nocturnal enuresis. RESULTS The survey response rates were 15.4% in Hirakata City and 37.0% in Urayasu City. In total, 426 children with nocturnal enuresis in Hirakata City and 270 in Urayasu City were included in the final analysis. In both cities, the boy-girl ratio was approximately 2:1, and the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis gradually decreased with age. Multivariate analysis revealed that children aged ≥11 years had a significantly higher proportion of hospital visits (OR, 2.61; 95% CI: 1.49-4.56; p = 0.001; OR, 2.72; 95% CI: 1.12-6.64; p = 0.027, respectively). However, the frequency of nocturnal enuresis did not affect hospital visits. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that parents with school-aged children have low awareness that nocturnal enuresis is a health problem and therefore subject to medical consultation. Although the proportion of hospital visits increases for children aged ≥11 years, children and families suffering from nocturnal enuresis should be encouraged to see a doctor instead of adopting a "wait and see attitude," even at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Nishizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Takahashi K, Tanaka R. Intraventricular pressure gradient: a novel colour M-mode echocardiographic-derived imaging modality to assess and predict the alterations following acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by partial or total interruption of myocardial blood supply, is among the leading causes of morbidity and death. It can go silent (undetected), or it can be a catastrophic occurrence with severe hemodynamic alterations and abrupt death. Hence, immediate diagnosis or even prediction of these changes is really significant. Being the gold standard technique, echocardiography is typically adopted to identify heart dysfunctions. However, it exhibits a modest aptitude to foresee these variations. Intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) was introduced recently as a precise colour M-mode echocardiographic (CMME)-derived diastolic function imaging modality to assess the cardiac performance. Yet, its potential to assess and anticipate the alterations post-acute MI was not explored.
Purpose
The chief goal of this work is to study the efficacy of IVPG to measure and expect the alterations of rats’ cardiac functions at early stages of MI induced by variable LAD suture occlusion sites.
Methods
Fifty-five male SD rats were operated. Three different LAD occlusion sites were adopted to induce MI. In one group, LAD was occluded at the junction between LA and LV (MI-H, n=20). The middle and low ligation sites were more distal away from the base in two distinct groups (MI-M, n=15, and MI-L, n=10). The typical thoracotomy was accomplished in sham animals without occlusion of LAD (Sham, n=10). The sham and survived MI animals were checked using conventional echocardiography and CMME-derived IVPG on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 post MI induction. Afterwards, they were euthanized after transcatheter hemodynamics recording under the effect of anesthesia. The heart sections were stained to calculate the infarction size.
Results
The MI-H animals showed the lowest survival rate (35 % vs. 66.67, and 80 % in MI-M and MI-L groups; respectively). Moreover, they presented the most serious cardiac and hemodynamic alterations. The values of mid-to-apical, mid, and apical IVPG segments were significantly (P< 0.001) declined in MI-M and MI-H groups compared to sham on days 7, 14, and 21. Likewise, they presented a meaningful reduction of the total IVPG on days 14, and 21. Contrarily, the basal IVPG was markedly (P< 0.0001) elevated. Despite the echocardiographic changes were firstly recorded on day 14, the variations in the IVPG were recorded on day 7. The IVPG variables were significantly (P< 0.0001) correlated with the echocardiographic, the hemodynamic (LVSP, LVDP, LVEDP, +dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmin, Tau) variables, and the infarction size. Moreover, all IVPG indices could significantly predict the cardiac and hemodynamic alterations occurred in varied degrees of severity. The Bland-Altman test confirmed the reproducibility of our IVPG measures.
Conclusion
CMME-derived IVPG is a novel and promising imaging modality with superior ability than conventional echocardiography to assess and predict the alterations encountered due to acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M El-Husseiny
- Tokyo university of agriculture and technology , Fuchu, Tokyo , Japan
| | - E A Mady
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management , Benha , Egypt
| | - K Takahashi
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - R Tanaka
- Tokyo university of agriculture and technology , Fuchu, Tokyo , Japan
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Inoue G, Yamamoto S, Koh N, Kuwada T, Nakanishi Y, Takahashi K, Seno H. Unusual case of severe diarrhoea. Gut 2023; 72:48-152. [PMID: 34702718 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nishikobe Iryo Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Takahashi K, Nakano H, Sato H. Accelerated constant-voltage quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method for molecular systems at electrochemical interfaces. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234107. [PMID: 36550044 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and electronic properties of a molecule at an electrochemical interface are changed by interactions with the electrode surface and the electrolyte solution, which can be significantly modulated by an applied voltage. We present an efficient self-consistent quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach to study a physisorbed molecule at a metal electrode-electrolyte interface under the constant-voltage condition. The approach employs a classical polarizable double electrode model, which enables us to study the QM/MM system in the constant-voltage ensemble. A mean-field embedding approximation is further introduced in order to overcome the difficulties associated with statistical sampling of the electrolyte configurations. The results of applying the method to a test system indicate that the adsorbed molecule is no less or slightly more polarized at the interface than in the bulk electrolyte solution. The geometry of the horizontally adsorbed molecule is modulated by their electrostatic interactions with the polarizable electrode surfaces and also the interactions with cations attracted toward the interface when the adsorbate is reduced. We also demonstrate that the approach can be used to quantitatively evaluate the reorganization energy of a one electron reduction reaction of a molecule in an electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8246, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- CD-FMat, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8246, Japan
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Chimed-Ochir O, Rath EM, Kubo T, Yumiya Y, Lin RT, Furuya S, Brislane K, Klebe S, Nowak AK, Kang SK, Takahashi K. Must countries shoulder the burden of mesothelioma to ban asbestos? A global assessment. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010553. [PMID: 36543384 PMCID: PMC9772623 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesothelioma is a key asbestos-related disease (ARD) but can be difficult to diagnose. Countries presumably ban asbestos to reduce future ARD burdens, but it is unknown if countries ban asbestos as a consequence of ARD burdens. We assessed if and to what extent mesothelioma burden has an impact on a country banning asbestos and obtaining targets for preventative strategies. METHODS We analysed the status of asbestos ban and mesothelioma burden during 1990-2019 in 198 countries. We assessed mesothelioma burden by age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) estimated by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and mesothelioma identification by the WHO mortality database. For GBD-estimated mesothelioma MR, the pre-ban period in the asbestos-banned countries was compared with the 1990-2019 period in the not-banned countries. For mesothelioma identification, the 1990-2019 period was applied to both banned and not-banned countries. RESULTS The association of mesothelioma MR with ban status increased as the ban year approached. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of a country banning asbestos increased 14.1-fold (95% CI 5.3 to 37.9) for mesothelioma identification combined with a 26% (12% to 42%) increase per unit increase of mesothelioma MR (one death per million per year) during the period 1-5 year before ban (model p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Mesothelioma burden had an impact on, and together with its identification, explained the banning of asbestos in many countries. Asbestos-banned countries likely learnt lessons from their historical policies of using asbestos because mesothelioma burden and identification follow historical asbestos use. Prevention targets for ARD elimination should combine asbestos ban with mesothelioma identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ro-Ting Lin
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sugio Furuya
- Japan Occupational Safety and Health Resource Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kim Brislane
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Department of Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan,JEOL Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Turc L, Roberts OW, Verscharen D, Dimmock AP, Kajdič P, Palmroth M, Pfau-Kempf Y, Johlander A, Dubart M, Kilpua EKJ, Soucek J, Takahashi K, Takahashi N, Battarbee M, Ganse U. Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth's bow shock. Nat Phys 2022; 19:78-86. [PMID: 36687291 PMCID: PMC9845118 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with intense wave activity forms upstream of the bow shock. So-called 30 s waves, named after their typical period at Earth, are the dominant wave mode in the foreshock and play an important role in modulating the shape of the shock front and affect particle reflection at the shock. These waves are also observed inside the magnetosphere and down to the Earth's surface, but how they are transmitted through the bow shock remains unknown. By combining state-of-the-art global numerical simulations and spacecraft observations, we demonstrate that the interaction of foreshock waves with the shock generates earthward-propagating, fast-mode waves, which reach the magnetosphere. These findings give crucial insight into the interaction of waves with collisionless shocks in general and their impact on the downstream medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Turc
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O. W. Roberts
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - D. Verscharen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | | | - P. Kajdič
- Departamento de Ciencias Espaciales, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Palmroth
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y. Pfau-Kempf
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Johlander
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. Dubart
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. K. J. Kilpua
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Soucek
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Takahashi
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - N. Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Radio Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Battarbee
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - U. Ganse
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kobayashi Y, Ito Y, Taniguchi K, Harada K, Yamamura M, Sato T, Takahashi K, Kawame H, Hata K, Samura O, Okamoto A. Novel missense COL2A1 variant in a fetus with achondrogenesis type II. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:40. [PMID: 36376277 PMCID: PMC9663423 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondrogenesis type II (ACG2) is a lethal skeletal disorder caused by pathogenic variants in COL2A1. We present a fetus with cystic hygroma and severe shortening of the limbs at 14 weeks of gestation. We performed postnatal genetic analysis of the parents and fetus to diagnose the disease. A novel missense variant of COL2A1 [NM_001844.5: c.2987G>A, (p. Gly996Asp)] was identified, which led to the ACG2 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Kobayashi
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Taniguchi
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Michihiro Yamamura
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
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Takahashi K, Nakagawa Y, Sato Y, Wakita R, Shigeru M, Ikoma T. pH-responsive release of anesthetic lidocaine derivative QX-OH from mesoporous silica nanoparticles mediated by ester bonds. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mandour AS, Samir H, Yoshida T, Matsuura K, Hamabe L, Shimada K, Abdelmageed HA, Elbadawy M, Uemura A, Takahashi K, Watanabe G, Tanaka R. Novel color M-mode echocardiography for non-invasive assessment of the intraventricular pressure in goats: Feasibility, repeatability, and the effect of sedation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935437. [PMID: 36277071 PMCID: PMC9582648 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG), estimated from color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) of the transmitral flow, have been introduced as novel indices for the evaluation of heart functions. Until now, no study demonstrated the feasibility of the CMME approach to measure IVPD and IVPG in any farm animals. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and repeatability of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG variables in goats and explore the effect of sedation on the measured variables. Materials and methods Sixteen male Shiba goats were included in this study and underwent conventional echocardiography. Eight goats were used in the repeatability of IVPD/IVPG variables. Another eight goats were used to evaluate the effect of sedation by xylazine on IVPD/IVPG measurements. CMME between the base and the apex of the left ventricle was carried out. The IVPD and IVPG were analyzed using in-house code software. The IVPD and IVPG were expressed as total, basal, mid-to-apical, mid, and apical segments. Data analysis including the imaging quality score (IQS), repeatability, variability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as well as the effect size of sedation on the measured variables was calculated. Results IVPD and IVPG variables from CMME were feasible in all goats. Low to moderate variability of IVPD and IVPG variables was observed (CV 95% <25%) except for the apical IVPD and apical IVPG. The IVPD/IVPG measurements were repeatable without a significant effect of animal or time on the obtained measurements. The overall ICC was higher than 0.75 in all variables except for the apical segment. Xylazine administration reduced the total, basal, and mid parts of IVPD and IVPG with a large effect size (biserial ranked correlation; rc > 0.8). Conclusion We reported, for the first time, IVPD and IVPG measurements by CMME in goats. The assessment of IVPD and IVPG by CMME is feasible in goats which can be evaluated in further cardiovascular or pharmacological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Ahmed S. Mandour
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hend A. Abdelmageed
- Ismailia Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, First District, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Division of Veterinary Research, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Ryou Tanaka
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Takahashi K, Liu Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Naruse K. Live imaging of nitric oxide release in vascular endothelial cells in response to mechanical stimuli on an organ chip. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nitric oxide (NO), released from vascular endothelial cells in response to mechanical stimuli, regulates cardiac contractility and are also involved in the prevention of the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
Purpose
To establish an experimental system for live observation of NO release in response to mechanical stimuli on an organ chip.
Methods
Organ chips, which we used for the development of a heart-on-a-chip in the previous study [1], were used.
We seeded 300,000 human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a stretchable elastic membrane coated with Matrigel of a chip channel. Shear stress was applied to the cells by increasing flow rate of a peristaltic pump connected to the chip channel (Figure 1A). Pressure stimulus was applied by hydrostatic pressure. Stretch stimulus was applied by suction to the side ports of a chip using an electric syringe pump (Figure 1B). Cells were stained with 10 μM 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate for fluorescent live NO imaging.
Results
Monolayers of the endothelial cells formed intercellular junctions confirmed by CD31 staining (Figure 1C, yellow). Apparent permeability, which was measured by Texas red dye (MW 3000), was maintained at a low level of ∼3x10–6 cm/s until day 30, suggested the formation of robust intercellular junction.
When the endothelial cells were subjected to a pressure stimulus of 60 mmHg for 60 s, NO release was observed that lasted for >2 minutes (Figure 2A). A peak value of 1.46±1.08 (mean ± standard deviation) times the baseline was observed 271 s after the beginning of the pressure stimulus (n=251 cells). When the cells were subjected to a 1% stretch for 60 s, a peak value of 1.29±0.33 times the baseline was observed 105 s after the beginning of the stretch stimulus (Figure 2B). A shear stress of 0.01 dyn/cm2 hardly increased NO release (1.20±0.27 times the baseline, Figure 2C).
Conclusion
The system for live NO imaging in vascular endothelial cells in response to mechanical stimuli was established using organ-on-a-chip. The heart-on-a-chip with endothelial cells will be useful in elucidating the effects of mechanical stimulus such as hypertension on the contractile function and the remodeling of the heart.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Y Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - M Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Y Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - K Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
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Takahashi K, Kobayashi Y, Sato M, Nagae S, Kondo I, Funaki S, Sato T, Konishi A, Ito Y, Kamide T, Hoshina T, Kanuka H, Kobayashi M, Sakurai Y, Iwamoto M, Takahashi H, Samura O, Okamoto A. Clinical outcomes in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 in a perinatal medical centre in Japan: a retrospective study of the first 1 year of the pandemic. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2684-2692. [PMID: 35678738 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2082277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we analysed clinical and demographic data from the medical records of 31 pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were treated at our hospital between April 2020 and April 2021. The most common symptom was a fever; ∼10% of patients were asymptomatic. One patient with rapidly worsening pneumonia needed a Caesarean Section at 30 weeks and was admitted for intensive care. Twelve patients received perinatal care in our hospital (10 live births, one stillbirth, and one artificial abortion). Six patients delivered vaginally; the others delivered via caesarean section. Two patients had complications, including severe hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia. All patients recovered from COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not detected in the placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood, amniotic fluid, vaginal fluid, or breast milk in any patient. There were no neonatal adverse outcomes. The possibility of transmitting the coronavirus to pregnancy-related samples was low.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on the subject? COVID-19 has been affecting different countries in diverse ways, and the incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates of patients with COVID-19 vary widely by country or region and race. These differences in results may reflect racial differences and differences in national health care systems. Moreover, the information about the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborns from Japan is limited.What do the results of this study add to what is known? We described the perinatal outcomes of 31 Japanese pregnant women with COVID-19 who were managed safely in a perinatal medical centre in Tokyo Japan, during the first 1 year of the pandemic.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Severe pneumonia and perinatal complications may occur, although no maternal and neonatal deaths were observed for COVID-19-positive pregnant women in our facility. Therefore, it is important to prevent this infection during pregnancy with the provision of effective medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seika Nagae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ibuki Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Funaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizan Kamide
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokio Hoshina
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Control, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakurai
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Iwamoto
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Inari M, Maisawa K, Yamagata A, Harada T, Takahashi K, Yoshioka I, Ishitoya H. [Distal Stent Graft-induced New Entry after Total Arch Replacement for the Aortic Dissection:Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka 2022; 75:943-946. [PMID: 36176254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A 73-year-old man after total arch replacement with open stent graft (OSG) technique for Stanford type B aortic dissection was found to have expanding descending aortic aneurysm. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed distal stent graft-induced new entry (distal SINE). We successfully performed additional thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The determinants of distal SINE are reported to be excessive distal oversizing and spring back force on the distal end of the stent graft, which might make the stress for descending aorta. We also found that the angle between distal end of the stent graft and the horizontal line of the body was changed. The angle when distal SINE occurred was smaller than that of when it was placed. Appropriate size selection and positioning of stent graft might reduce the risk of distal SINE events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makana Inari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
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Jeffers D, Liao YC, Takahashi K, Lin RT. Asbestos awareness among the residents of St. Kitts and Nevis: a cross-sectional study. Global Health 2022; 18:83. [PMID: 36153532 PMCID: PMC9509556 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of public awareness regarding the hazards of asbestos, rights to health, and benefits of an asbestos-free country can increase advocacy and political commitment to a total ban on asbestos. We aimed to investigate asbestos awareness and associated sociodemographic characteristics among the adult population of St. Kitts and Nevis. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1009 participants completed an online questionnaire with questions about sociodemographic data and asbestos awareness. We applied multiple regression models to estimate associations between sociodemographic factors, levels of asbestos knowledge, and attitudes toward asbestos management. Results We found that 70% of residents of St. Kitts and Nevis considered asbestos exposure to be a general public concern and believed the government should prevent it. Of all participants, 54% were in favor of completely banning the use and importation of all asbestos products and materials; those with higher levels of asbestos knowledge were more likely to favor a total ban. Higher proportions and odds of favoring a total asbestos ban were also observed in participants aged ≥ 30 years, women, those with higher education, and those living in St. Kitts (vs. Nevis). Conclusions These findings support implementing policies to regulate and outright ban the use of asbestos products and materials in St. Kitts and Nevis. This data can be used to develop tailored campaigns to improve asbestos knowledge among sociodemographic groups with lower asbestos awareness, such as in the wider Caribbean and other under-resourced countries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12992-022-00874-w.
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Nakagoshi K, Yaguchi T, Takahashi K, Morizumi S, Nishiyama M, Takahashi Y, Iwamura S, Sumitomo K, Shinohara T. Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia pneumoniae mimicking non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. QJM 2022; 115:625-626. [PMID: 35587749 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Nakagoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - T Yaguchi
- Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - S Morizumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - M Nishiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - S Iwamura
- Department of Medical Examination, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Health Care Center, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - K Sumitomo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - T Shinohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Kirino S, Suzuki M, Ogawa T, Takasawa K, Adachi E, Gau M, Takahashi K, Ikeno M, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Moriyama K, Yoshida M, Morio T, Kashimada K. Clinical report: Chronic liver dysfunction in an individual with an AMOTL1 variant. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104623. [PMID: 36116699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AMOTL1 is a member of the Motin protein family and localizes to tight junctions and is involved in cell polarity and paracellular permeability. Pathological variants have been reported in three patients from two separate families in recent years. The clinical spectrum includes cleft lip and palate along with a high incidence of congenital cardiac disease and ear malformations. We report a case of AMOTL1 pathogenic variant in a 11-year-old male patient with nonspecific and chronic liver dysfunction accompanied by persistently elevated liver enzymes since early infancy. Liver biopsy at 8 years of age revealed a mildly dilated central vein and sinusoid with no specific etiology. Liver dysfunction is not a known clinical feature of AMOTL1 malfunction. However, given that the protein is known to be involved in angiogenesis, it may be inferred that abnormalities in this process may lead to liver dysfunction. This is the first report of liver dysfunction identified in a patient with AMOTL1 malfunction, which will shed light on other putative functions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kirino
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Gau
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ikeno
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yanase Y, Iwashima S, Takahashi K. Echocardiographic Reference Ranges of Non-Invasive Myocardial Work Indices in Newborns. Circ Rep 2022; 4:429-438. [PMID: 36120485 PMCID: PMC9437471 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-22-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial work (MCW), estimated using non-invasive pressure-strain loops, is a novel approach for assessing left ventricular function. MCW offers potential advantages over left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain (GLS). This study aimed to establish a reference range for MCW in newborns. Methods and Results: Overall, 113 healthy newborns (mean [±SD] birth weight 3,120±378 g) were included in the study. After entering peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) values, global constructive work (GCW), global work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), and global wasted work (GWW) were calculated using EchoPAC software (version 204). Considering a mean [±SD] GLS of −16.3±2.8%, the mean [±SD] GWI, GCW, GWW, and GWE was 698.7±147.9 mmHg%, 1,008.5±200.1 mmHg%, 58.1±28.1 mmHg%, and 93.1±2.9%, respectively. All MCW parameters in newborns were lower than those previously reported in children and adults. However, GWI and GCW were more closely correlated with BP and GLS, as in adulthood and children. Estimation of the correlation between MCW and the frame rate index revealed no significant correlations among MCW parameters. Conclusions: Cardiac function in newborns was evaluated by assessing MCW. With the establishment of reference ranges and normative MCW data for newborns, routine clinical use and rotational mechanics are likely to become increasingly common. Future studies are needed to determine whether MCW is useful in screening for cardiac illness among newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Yanase
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hamamatsu Medical College of School
| | - Satoru Iwashima
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chutoen General Medical Center
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
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Yoshimura A, Saito S, Saito C, Takahashi K, Tominaga M, Ohta T. Functional analysis of thermo-sensitive TRPV1 in an aquatic vertebrate, masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae). Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101315. [PMID: 35898728 PMCID: PMC9309644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is mainly expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and acts as a sensor for heat and capsaicin. The functional properties of TRPV1 have been reported to vary among species and, in some cases, the species difference in its thermal sensitivity is likely to be associated with thermal habitat conditions. To clarify the functional properties and physiological roles of TRPV1 in aquatic vertebrates, we examined the temperature and chemical sensitivities of TRPV1 in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae, Om) belonging to a family of salmonids that generally prefer cool environments. First, behavioral experiments were conducted using a video tracking system. Application of capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, induced locomotor activities in juvenile Om. Increasing the ambient temperature also elicited locomotor activity potentiated by capsaicin. RT-PCR revealed TRPV1 expression in gills as well as spinal cord. Next, electrophysiological analyses of OmTRPV1 were performed using a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique with a Xenopus oocyte expression system. Heat stimulation evoked an inward current in heterologously expressed OmTRPV1. In addition, capsaicin produced current responses in OmTRPV1-expressing oocytes, but higher concentrations were needed for its activation compared to the mammalian orthologues. These results indicate that Om senses environmental stimuli (heat and capsaicin) through the activation of TRPV1, and this channel may play important roles in avoiding environments disadvantageous for survival in aquatic vertebrates. Capsaicin evoked behavioral responses of Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae (Om). The behavioral response to heat was potentiated by capsaicin. Heterologously expressed OmTRPV1 was activated by heat and capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yoshimura
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - S. Saito
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Corresponding author. Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
| | - C.T. Saito
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - M. Tominaga
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - T. Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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50
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Giuliani F, Oros D, Gunier RB, Deantoni S, Rauch S, Casale R, Nieto R, Bertino E, Rego A, Menis C, Gravett MG, Candiani M, Deruelle P, García-May PK, Mhatre M, Usman MA, Abd-Elsalam S, Etuk S, Napolitano R, Liu B, Prefumo F, Savasi V, Do Vale MS, Baafi E, Ariff S, Maiz N, Aminu MB, Cardona-Perez JA, Craik R, Tavchioska G, Bako B, Benski C, Hassan-Hanga F, Savorani M, Sentilhes L, Carola Capelli M, Takahashi K, Vecchiarelli C, Ikenoue S, Thiruvengadam R, Soto Conti CP, Cetin I, Nachinab VB, Ernawati E, Duro EA, Kholin A, Teji JS, Easter SR, Salomon LJ, Ayede AI, Cerbo RM, Agyeman-Duah J, Roggero P, Eskenazi B, Langer A, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Papageorghiou AT, Villar J. Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal COVID-19 and perinatal care on neonatal outcome: results from the INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:488.e1-488.e17. [PMID: 35452653 PMCID: PMC9017081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal outcomes and its association with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus have been reported; however, a detailed understanding of the effects of maternal positivity, delivery mode, and perinatal practices on fetal and neonatal outcomes is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on fetal and neonatal outcomes and the role of mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and early neonatal care practices on the risk of mother-to-child transmission. STUDY DESIGN In this cohort study that took place from March 2020 to March 2021, involving 43 institutions in 18 countries, 2 unmatched, consecutive, unexposed women were concomitantly enrolled immediately after each infected woman was identified, at any stage of pregnancy or delivery, and at the same level of care to minimize bias. Women and neonates were followed up until hospital discharge. COVID-19 in pregnancy was determined by laboratory confirmation and/or radiological pulmonary findings or ≥2 predefined COVID-19 symptoms. The outcome measures were indices of neonatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, neonatal positivity and its correlation with mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and hospital neonatal care practices. RESULTS A total of 586 neonates born to women with COVID-19 diagnosis and 1535 neonates born to women without COVID-19 diagnosis were enrolled. Women with COVID-19 diagnosis had a higher rate of cesarean delivery (52.8% vs 38.5% for those without COVID-19 diagnosis, P<.01) and pregnancy-related complications, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal distress (all with P<.001), than women without COVID-19 diagnosis. Maternal diagnosis of COVID-19 carried an increased rate of preterm birth (P≤.001) and lower neonatal weight (P≤.001), length, and head circumference at birth. In mothers with COVID-19 diagnosis, the length of in utero exposure was significantly correlated to the risk of the neonate testing positive (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-9.4 for length of in utero exposure >14 days). Among neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 diagnosis, birth via cesarean delivery was a risk factor for testing positive for COVID-19 (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.7), even when severity of maternal conditions was considered and after multivariable logistic analysis. In the subgroup of neonates born to women with COVID-19 diagnosis, the outcomes worsened when the neonate also tested positive, with higher rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission, fever, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and death, even after adjusting for prematurity. Breastfeeding by mothers with COVID-19 diagnosis and hospital neonatal care practices, including immediate skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in, were not associated with an increased risk of newborn positivity. CONCLUSION In this multinational cohort study, COVID-19 in pregnancy was associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with newborn COVID-19 diagnosis. Vaginal delivery should be considered the safest mode of delivery if obstetrical and health conditions allow it. Mother-to-child skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and direct breastfeeding were not risk factors for newborn COVID-19 diagnosis, thus well-established best practices can be continued among women with COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giuliani
- Neonatal Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Daniel Oros
- Aragon Institute of Health Research, Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Robert B. Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sonia Deantoni
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Neonatal Care Unit, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Roberto Casale
- Maternal and Child Department, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Nieto
- Division Neonatología, Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sarda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit of the University, City of Health and Science of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Albertina Rego
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camilla Menis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Mustapha Ado Usman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saturday Etuk
- University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Raffaele Napolitano
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Liu
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Prefumo
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Ospedale Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Department of BioMedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nerea Maiz
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muhammad Baffah Aminu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | | | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Tavchioska
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital Borka Taleski, Prilep, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Babagana Bako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Caroline Benski
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de la Femme, de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fatimah Hassan-Hanga
- Bayero University Kano, Nigeria,Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
| | | | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Carola Capelli
- Servicio de Neonatologia del Departamento Materno Infantil del Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Irene Cetin
- Ospedale Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Department of BioMedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ernawati Ernawati
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eduardo A. Duro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Universidad de Moron, Moron, Argentina
| | - Alexey Kholin
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology & Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jagjit Singh Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah Rae Easter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Division of Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laurent J. Salomon
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, France
| | - Adejumoke Idowu Ayede
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Josephine Agyeman-Duah
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Roggero
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ana Langer
- Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen H. Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aris T. Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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