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Genomic characterization of thymic epithelial tumors in a real-world dataset. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101627. [PMID: 37703595 PMCID: PMC10594028 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare neoplasms arising in the mediastinum, including thymic carcinomas and thymomas. Due to their rarity, little is known about the genomic profiles of TETs. Herein, we investigated the genomic characteristics of TETs evaluated in a large comprehensive genomic profiling database in a real-world setting. METHODS We included data from two different cohorts: Foundation Medicine Inc. (FMI) in the United States and the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan. Samples profiled were examined for all classes of alterations in 253 genes targeted across all assays. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 794 patients were collected in our study, including 722 cases from FMI and 72 cases from C-CAT. In the FMI data, CDKN2A (39.9%), TP53 (30.2%) and CDKN2B (24.6%) were frequently altered in thymic carcinoma, versus TP53 (7.8%), DNMT3A (6.8%), and CDKN2A (5.8%) in thymoma. TMB-high (≥10 mutations/Mb) and MSI were present in 7.0% and 2.3% of thymic carcinomas, and 1.6% and 0.3% of thymomas, respectively. Within C-CAT data, CDKN2A (38.5%), TP53 (36.5%) and CDKN2B (30.8%) were also frequently altered in thymic carcinoma, while alterations of TSC1, SETD2 and LTK (20.0% each) were found in thymoma. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort in which genomic alterations, TMB and MSI status of TETs were investigated. Potential targets for treatment previously unbeknownst in TETs are identified in this study, entailing newfound opportunities to advance therapeutic development.
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Multipole polaron in the devil's staircase of CeSb. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:410-415. [PMID: 35145257 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth intermetallic compounds exhibit rich phenomena induced by the interplay between localized f orbitals and conduction electrons. However, since the energy scale of the crystal-electric-field splitting is only a few millielectronvolts, the nature of the mobile electrons accompanied by collective crystal-electric-field excitations has not been unveiled. Here, we examine the low-energy electronic structures of CeSb through the anomalous magnetostructural transitions below the Néel temperature, ~17 K, termed the 'devil's staircase', using laser angle-resolved photoemission, Raman and neutron scattering spectroscopies. We report another type of electron-boson coupling between mobile electrons and quadrupole crystal-electric-field excitations of the 4f orbitals, which renormalizes the Sb 5p band prominently, yielding a kink at a very low energy (~7 meV). This coupling strength is strong and exhibits anomalous step-like enhancement during the devil's staircase transition, unveiling a new type of quasiparticle, named the 'multipole polaron', comprising a mobile electron dressed with a cloud of the quadrupole crystal-electric-field polarization.
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NK/T cell lymphoma initially manifested with myositis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Efficacy of immunotherapy in retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Clinical features and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential findings in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Long term course and malignancy as a prognostic factor of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ammonia production by isolated perfused mouse proximal tubules. CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2015; 47:105-9. [PMID: 4064681 DOI: 10.1159/000411215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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SY23-1 * BASIC RESEARCH OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. Alcohol Alcohol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu052.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Human serum amyloid P component is a novel peptidoglycan recognition protein inducing complement-independent phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Regulation of type 1 IP3 receptor expression by dopamine D2-like receptors via AP-1 and NFATc4 activation. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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International models of investigator-initiated trials: implications for Japan. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:3151-3155. [PMID: 22843420 PMCID: PMC3501232 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic/institutional investigator-initiated clinical trials benefit individuals and society by supplementing gaps in industry-sponsored clinical trials. MATERIALS In May 2010, experts from Japan, the Republic of Korea, the UK, and the United States, met at a symposium in Tokyo, Japan, to discuss how policies related to the conduct of clinical trials, which have been shown to be effective, may be applied to other regions of the world. RESULTS In order to increase the availability of anticancer drugs world-wide, nations including Japan should examine the benefits of increasing the number of investigator-initiated clinical trials. These trials represent one of the most effective ways to translate basic scientific knowledge into clinical practice. These trials should be conducted under GCP guidelines and include Investigational New Drug application submissions with the ultimate goal of future drug approval. CONCLUSIONS To maximize the effectiveness of these trials, a policy to educate health care professionals, cancer patients and their families, and the public in general on the benefits of clinical trials should be strengthened. Finally, policies that expedite the clinical development of novel cancer drugs which have already been shown to be effective in other countries are needed in many nations including Japan to accelerate drug approval.
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Possible involvement of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors up-regulated by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in mouse nucleus accumbens neurons in the development of methamphetamine-induced place preference. Neuroscience 2012; 227:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prognostic Impact of C-MET/phospho-MET and Topoisomerase I in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Carpal tunnel syndrome as an initial manifestation in a case of transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy with a novel A120T mutation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:707-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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69. Followup needle electromyography findings in parkinson’s disease patients with dropped head syndrome after steroid therapy. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Formation of high heat resistant coatings by using gas tunnel type plasma spraying. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 12:5106-5110. [PMID: 22905586 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Zirconia sprayed coatings are widely used as thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for high temperature protection of metallic structures. However, their use in diesel engine combustion chamber components has the long run durability problems, such as the spallation at the interface between the coating and substrate due to the interface oxidation. Although zirconia coatings have been used in many applications, the interface spallation problem is still waiting to be solved under the critical conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion environment. The gas tunnel type plasma spraying developed by the author can make high quality ceramic coatings such as Al2O3 and ZrO2 coating compared to other plasma spraying method. A high hardness ceramic coating such as Al2O3 coating by the gas tunnel type plasma spraying, were investigated in the previous study. The Vickers hardness of the zirconia (ZrO2) coating increased with decreasing spraying distance, and a higher Vickers hardness of about Hv = 1200 could be obtained at a shorter spraying distance of L = 30 mm. ZrO2 coating formed has a high hardness layer at the surface side, which shows the graded functionality of hardness. In this study, ZrO2 composite coatings (TBCs) with Al2O3 were deposited on SS304 substrates by gas tunnel type plasma spraying. The performance such as the mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the functionally graded TBCs was investigated and discussed. The resultant coating samples with different spraying powders and thickness are compared in their corrosion resistance with coating thickness as variables. Corrosion potential was measured and analyzed corresponding to the microstructure of the coatings. KEYWORDS High Heat Resistant Coatings, Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying, Hardness,
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27. The 6-min walk test as a parameter of the fatigability in Kennedy’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Microstructure and thermal behaviour of plasma sprayed zirconia/alumina composite coating. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:8853-8858. [PMID: 22400271 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In thermal barrier coatings (TBC), failure occurs near or at the interface between the metallic bondcoat and topcoat. On high temperature conditions, an oxide scale which is named thermally grown oxide (TGO) occurs along the bond/topcoat interface. For diminishing the creation of TGO, a dense coating with low residual stress and thermal stress buffer layer was preferable. High hardness ceramic coatings could be obtained by gas tunnel type plasma spraying, and the deposited coating had superior property in comparison with those deposited by conventional type plasma spray method. In this study, the gas tunnel type plasma spraying system was utilized to produce a zirconia/alumina functionally graded thermal barrier coating and discussed its physical and mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating are discussed. Consequently, the proposed system exhibited superior mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at the expenses of a slightly lower thermal insulating effect. This interlayer is preferred in order to minimize the detrimental effect of the phase transformation of gamma-Al2O3 to alpha-Al2O3.
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Epidemiology & outcome in CKD 5D (1). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dialysis / Complications. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bone disease in CKD 5D. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Analysis of c-Met gene amplification in Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e18021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gabapentin blocks methamphetamine-induced sensitization and conditioned place preference via inhibition of α₂/δ-1 subunits of the voltage-gated calcium channels. Neuroscience 2010; 176:328-35. [PMID: 21182903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous investigation demonstrated that repeated administration of morphine significantly enhanced α(2)/δ-1 subunit expression in the frontal cortex and limbic forebrain of mice as well as morphine-induced place preference. However, little is known about regulatory mechanisms of α(2)/δ-1 subunit expression in conditioned place preference by methamphetamine (METH). In the present study, we investigated the role of α(2)/δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in the mouse brain under repeated treatment with METH. The level of α(2)/δ-1 subunit increased significantly in the limbic forebrain including the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex of mice showing METH-induced sensitization. Under these conditions, the development of behavioral sensitization induced by the intermittent administration of METH was significantly suppressed by the co-administration of gabapentin (GBP) with binding activity to an exofacial epitope of α(2)/δ-1 subunit. Furthermore, GBP administered i.c.v. caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the METH-induced place preference. Chronic GBP treatment at the dose alleviating sensitization and place preference significantly reduced the elevation of α(2)/δ-1 subunit of VGCC induced by the repeated administration of METH in the limbic forebrain and frontal cortex, whereas there were no changes in the increase of α(2)/δ-1 subunit mRNA. These findings indicate that α(2)/δ-1 subunit plays a critical role in the development of METH-induced place preference following neuronal plasticity, and that GBP, which significantly suppressed METH-induced place preference by its possible inhibitory action of α(2)/δ subunit to neuronal membrane, may possibly be used as an alternative drug to treat or prevent drug dependence.
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P31-3 Perioperative visual function assessment for optic radiation lesions by visual evoked potential, functional MRI, and optic radiation tractography. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Role of α2/δ subunit in the development of morphine-induced rewarding effect and behavioral sensitization. Neuroscience 2009; 163:731-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Low health-related quality of life is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes on haemodialysis: the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study. Diabet Med 2009; 26:921-7. [PMID: 19719714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be accurately predicted in patients with extremely low HRQoL as a result of diabetic complications is unclear. We investigated the impact of HRQoL on mortality risk in patients with diabetes on haemodialysis. METHODS Data from the Dialysis Outcomes Practice Pattern Study (DOPPS) were analysed for randomly selected patients receiving haemodialysis in Japan. Information regarding the diagnosis of diabetes and clinical events during follow-up was abstracted from the medical records at baseline and HRQoL was assessed by a self-reported short form (SF)-36 questionnaire. The association between physical component score and mental component score in the SF-36 and mortality risk was analysed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS Data from 527 patients with diabetes on haemodialysis were analysed. The mortality age-adjusted hazard ratio of having a physical component score greater than or equal to the median was 0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.96] and the multivariable-adjusted mortality hazard ratio of having an mental component score greater than or equal to the median was 1.21 (95% CI 0.44-3.35). CONCLUSIONS The physical component score derived from the SF-36 is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with diabetes on haemodialysis who generally had very low HRQoL scores. Baseline mental component score was not predictive of mortality. Patient self-reporting regarding the physical component of health status may aid in risk stratification and clinical decision making for patients with diabetes on haemodialysis.
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Depressive symptoms predict the future risk of severe pruritus in haemodialysis patients: Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:384-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
The erythrocyte esterase-D (Es-D) of four European-American pig breeds, two Taiwan native pigs (Taoyuan and Short ear breeds), Philippine native pig and wild boar populations (Sus scrofa riukiuanus) in Japan was investigated by using starch gel electrophoresis. Analysis of parentage records of the pigs revealed that the phenotypic variation of erythrocyte esterase-D was controlled by two codominant alleles Es-DA and Es-DB. The allele Es-DB was mostly found in three European-American pig breeds, Landrace (0.100), Hampshire (0.135) and Duroc (0.102). All of the wild boar populations were monomorphic for allele Es-DA.
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34. The mechanism of the far-field potentials contaminating ulnar compound muscle action potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Muscular fatigue and decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation in X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:76-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Treatment of a citrin-deficient patient at the early stage of adult-onset type II citrullinaemia with arginine and sodium pyruvate. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S343-7. [PMID: 18958581 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrin deficiency is a common congenital metabolic defect not only in East Asian populations but also in other populations around the world. It has been shown that although liver transplantation is ultimately required in many patients to prevent neurological decompensation associated with hyperammonaemia, arginine is effective in lowering ammonia in hyperammonaemic patients, and a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet may provide some benefit to infants in improving failure to thrive. In the present study, the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings are reported for a 13-year-old citrin-deficient girl in the early stage of adult-onset type II citrullinaemia (CTLN2), and the therapeutic effect of orally administered arginine and sodium pyruvate was investigated. The patient complained of anorexia, lethargy, fatigue and poor growth, and showed laboratory findings typical of CTLN2; elevated levels of plasma citrulline, threonine-to-serine ratio, and serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Oral administration of arginine and sodium pyruvate for over 3 years improved her clinical symptoms and has almost completely normalized her laboratory findings. It is suggested that the administration of arginine and sodium pyruvate with low-carbohydrate meals may be an effective therapy in patients with citrin deficiency in order either to prolong metabolic normalcy or to provide a safer and more affordable alternative to liver transplantation.
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Accuracy of Diagnosis for Prostate Cancer. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1055641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38. Origin of the far-field potentials in radial motor conduction study. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Diabetes, glycaemic control and mortality risk in patients on haemodialysis: the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1170-7. [PMID: 17393134 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There are few data on the target level of glycaemic control among patients with diabetes on haemodialysis. We investigated the impact of glycaemic control on mortality risk among diabetic patients on haemodialysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data were analysed from the Dialysis Outcomes Practice Pattern Study (DOPPS) for randomly selected patients on haemodialysis in Japan. The diagnosis of diabetes at baseline and information on clinical events during follow-up were abstracted from the medical records. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between presence or absence of diabetes, glycaemic control (HbA(1c) quintiles) and mortality risk. RESULTS Data from 1,569 patients with and 3,342 patients without diabetes on haemodialysis were analysed. Among patients on haemodialysis, those with diabetes had a higher mortality risk than those without (multivariable hazard ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.74). Compared with those in the bottom quintile of HbA(1c) level, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was not increased in the bottom second to fourth quintiles of HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) 5.0-5.5% to 6.2-7.2%), but was significantly increased to 2.36 (95% CI 1.02-5.47) in the fifth quintile (HbA(1c) > or = 7.3%). The effect of poor glycaemic control did not statistically correlate with baseline mortality risk (p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Among dialysis patients, poorer glycaemic control in those with diabetes was associated with higher mortality risk. This suggests a strong effect of poor glycaemic control above an HbA(1c) level of about 7.3% on mortality risk, and that this effect does not appear to be influenced by baseline comorbidity status.
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Indoxyl sulfate induces skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone in cultured osteoblastic cells. Kidney Int 2007; 71:738-43. [PMID: 17264878 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well known to the phenomenon in chronic renal failure patient, but the detailed mechanism has not been elucidated. In the process of analyzing an animal model of renal failure with low bone turnover, we demonstrated decreased expression of PTH receptor (PTHR) accompanying renal dysfunction in this model. In the present study, we focused on the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTx) in blood, and examined whether indoxyl sulfate (IS), a UTx, is associated with PTH resistance. We established primary osteoblast cultures from mouse calvariae and cultured the cells in the presence of IS. The intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) production, PTHR expression, and free radical production in the primary osteoblast culture were studied. We found that the addition of IS suppressed PTH-stimulated intracellular cAMP production and decreased PTHR expression in this culture system. Free radical production in osteoblasts increased depending on the concentration of IS added. Furthermore, expression of organic anion transporter-3 (OAT-3) that is known to mediate cellular uptake of IS was identified in the primary osteoblast culture. These results suggest that IS taken up by osteoblasts via OAT-3 present in these cells augments oxidative stress to impair osteoblast function and downregulate PTHR expression. These finding strongly suggest that IS accumulated in blood due to renal dysfunction is at least one of the factors that induce skeletal resistance to PTH.
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Visible high-speed optical transmission over photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2007; 15:397-401. [PMID: 19532256 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated high-speed transmission at visible wavelengths over a 1 km photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We achieved a 1 Gbit/s transmission at 783 nm by using the direct modulation of a cost-effective Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD). By employing the external modulation of the longitudinally single-mode grating-stabilized LD, we obtained the first penalty free 10 Gbit/s transmission at 780 nm.
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Symptoms of depression, prescription of benzodiazepines, and the risk of death in hemodialysis patients in Japan. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1866-72. [PMID: 17021611 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many hemodialysis patients in Japan have symptoms of depression, but whether those patients are treated appropriately is unknown. As part of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, data on symptoms of depression, physician-diagnosed depression, prescribed medications, and death were collected prospectively in cohorts in Japan (n=1603) and 11 other countries (n=5872). Symptoms of depression were as prevalent in Japan as elsewhere, but in Japan a much smaller percentage of patients had physician-diagnosed depression: only 2% in Japan vs 17% elsewhere. Antidepressants were much less commonly prescribed in Japan: only 1% in Japan vs 17% elsewhere for patients with many and frequent symptoms of depression, and 16% in Japan vs 34% elsewhere for patients with physician-diagnosed depression. In Japan, symptoms of depression were associated with prescription of benzodiazepines (without antidepressants), and patients with physician-diagnosed depression were twice as likely to be given benzodiazepines: 32% in Japan vs 16% elsewhere. Benzodiazepine monotherapy was associated with death (relative risk 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-1.94), even after adjustments for 13 likely confounders (relative risk 1.27, 95% CI, 1.01-1.59). Hemodialysis patients in Japan with symptoms of depression are given not antidepressants but benzodiazepines, a practice associated with higher mortality.
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Renal risk and renoprotection among ethnic groups with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a post hoc analysis of RENAAL. Kidney Int 2006; 69:1675-82. [PMID: 16572114 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is becoming the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Prevalence of ESRD and the antihypertensive response to renin-angiotensin system intervention are suggested to vary among different ethnicities. The Reduction in Endpoints in Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study, which included different ethnic groups, demonstrated a renoprotective effect of losartan. A post hoc analysis from RENAAL was performed where we examined in each ethnic group the ESRD risk, identified independent predictors for ESRD, effect of degree of baseline albuminuria, effect of 6-month antiproteinuric response to therapy on ESRD, and renoprotective effect of losartan assessed by albuminuria reduction and ESRD. Baseline albuminuria was the strongest predictor for ESRD in every ethnic group. Albuminuria reduction was associated with reduced risk of ESRD while losartan reduced albuminuria in every ethnic group. When accounting for independent predictors of ESRD, losartan exhibited renoprotection in all ethnic groups. In this type 2 diabetic population with nephropathy, baseline albuminuria is the predominant risk parameter for ESRD; early antiproteinuric effect of losartan predicts long-term renoprotection; and losartan appears to be renoprotective in all ethnic groups. Since the RENAAL study was not powered to determine ethnic responses, these results underline the need for prospective trials where the aim is renal protection among different ethnic groups.
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Self-association of the transmembrane domain of RET underlies oncogenic activation by MEN2A mutations. Oncogene 2006; 25:7086-95. [PMID: 16732321 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and type 2A multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2A), mutations of cysteine residues in the extracellular juxtamembrane region of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase cause the formation of covalent receptor dimers linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds between unpaired cysteines, followed by oncogenic activation of the RET kinase. The close proximity to the plasma membrane of the affected cysteine residues prompted us to investigate the possible role of the transmembrane (TM) domain of RET (RET-TM) in receptor-receptor interactions underlying dimer formation. Strong self-association of the RET-TM was observed in a biological membrane. Mutagenesis studies indicated the involvement of the evolutionary conserved residues Ser-649 and Ser-653 in RET-TM oligomerization. Unexpectedly, RET-TM interactions were also abrogated in the A639G/A641R double mutant, first identified in a sporadic case of MTC. In agreement with this, no transforming activity could be detected in full-length RET carrying the A639G and A641R mutations, which remained fully responsive to glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) stimulation. When introduced in the context of C634R - a cysteine replacement that is prevalent in MEN2A cases - the A639G/A641R mutations significantly reduced dimer formation and transforming activity in this otherwise highly oncogenic RET variant. These data suggest that a strong propensity to self-association in the RET-TM underlies - and may be required for - dimer formation and oncogenic activation of juxtamembrane cysteine mutants of RET, and explains the close proximity to the plasma membrane of cysteine residues implicated in MEN2A and MTC syndromes.
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Mechanism and role of localized activation of Rho-family GTPases in growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts and neuronal cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:631-4. [PMID: 16042560 DOI: 10.1042/bst0330631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rho-family GTPases regulate various aspects of cell function by controlling cytoskeletal changes; however, their spatial regulation within the cells remains largely unknown. To understand this regulation, we have studied the spatiotemporal activity of Rho-family GTPases in migrating cells and growth factor-stimulated cells by using probes based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In migrating fibroblasts and epithelial cells, the level of RhoA activity is high both at the contractile tail and at the leading edge, whereas Rac1 and Cdc42 activities are high only at the leading edge. In cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor or nerve growth factor, activities of Rac1 and Cdc42 were transiently elevated in a broad area of the plasma membrane, followed by a localized activation at nascent lamellipodia. In contrast, on epidermal growth factor stimulation, RhoA activity decreased diffusely at the plasma membrane. Notably, RhoA activity persisted at the tip of growth factor-induced membrane ruffles and, in agreement with this finding, RhoA is required for membrane ruffling. These observations suggest that the activities of Rho-family GTPases are elaborately regulated in a time- and space-dependent manner to control cytoskeletal changes and that the basic mechanism of controlling cell shape via Rho-family GTPases is common to various cell types.
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Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic nerves during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 98:462-6. [PMID: 15979695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether intraoperative electrical stimulation (IES) of pelvic splanchnic nerves (PSNs) while monitoring bladder contraction was useful to predict postoperative bladder function during conventional nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. METHODS Seventeen patients with stage Ib or IIa cervical cancer underwent conventional radical hysterectomy. IES was performed in all cases, stimulating the roots of PSN, the posterior sheath of the vesicouterine ligament (PVL) and the dorsal area of the ligament. After resection of the uterus, the PSN roots were stimulated again. Bladder function was evaluated by urodynamic study (UDS) preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS The results of IES were consistent with bladder function evaluated by postoperative UDS. In 13 of 17 cases, an increased intravesical pressure was observed with IES of the PSN roots after uterus resection. Nine of 13 cases showed marked detrusor contraction with UDS 3 months after surgery and were able to void without using abdominal pressure except in one case. In the remaining 4 of 17 cases, no response could be detected to IES on either side. Three cases voided using abdominal pressure and one used clean intermittent self-catheterization without spontaneous voiding. CONCLUSIONS IES while monitoring intravesical pressure during radical hysterectomy represents a technically simple and useful procedure for the prediction of postoperative bladder function.
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Abstract
The authors performed nerve conduction studies in nine PARK2 and eight idiopathic Parkinson disease patients and found a significant reduction of sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude in eight PARK2 patients who mostly remained asymptomatic. These data suggest that sensory axonal neuropathy may be a common clinical feature of PARK2 and a reduced amplitude of sural SNAP could be a diagnostic indicator of PARK2.
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Identification of temperature-sensitive dnaD mutants of Staphylococcus aureus that are defective in chromosomal DNA replication. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 271:447-57. [PMID: 15042355 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-0996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The DnaD protein in Gram-positive bacteria is thought to be essential for the initiation step in DNA replication. In the present study, we characterized two Staphylococcus aureus mutants whose temperature-sensitive growth phenotype could be complemented by a plasmid carrying the dnaD gene. These mutants each had a single amino acid substitution in the DnaD protein and showed decreased DNA synthesis at restrictive temperature. Analyses of the origin to terminus ratio by Southern blotting, and of origin numbers per cell by flow cytometry, revealed that, at the restrictive temperature, one mutant continued ongoing DNA replication but failed to initiate DNA replication. The other mutant, in contrast, could not complete ongoing DNA replication and proceeded to degrade the chromosome. However, if protein synthesis was inhibited, the second mutant could complete DNA replication. These results suggest that DnaD protein is necessary not only for the initiation step, but also to avoid replication fork blockage. Moreover, both mutants were sensitive to mitomycin C, a drug that induces DNA damage, suggesting that the DnaD protein is also involved in DNA repair.
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Abstract
Three patients with the severe form of propionic acidaemia were treated with living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The procedure was successful for all patients and the incidence of metabolic decompensation was reduced dramatically even without protein restriction. Biochemically, however, the improvement was not significant and the patients continued to excrete large amounts of propionic acid metabolites. One of the patients experienced a severe acidaemic episode 3 years after transplantation. LDLT has a beneficial effect on the care of severely affected patients since it reduces the risk of metabolic decompensation and improves the quality of life with less strict dietary control. Adequate protein restriction and medication need to be maintained even after successful transplantation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical, electrophysiologic, and histologic characteristics of subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (SIDP) and to present the diagnostic criteria of this disease. METHODS For a diagnosis of "definite SIDP," there were four mandatory criteria: 1) progressive motor and/or sensory dysfunction consistent with neuropathy in more than one limb with time to nadir between 4 and 8 weeks, 2) electrophysiologic evidence of demyelination in at least two nerves, 3) no other etiology of neuropathy, and 4) no relapse on adequate follow-up. Supportive criteria included high spinal fluid protein level (>55 mg/dL) and inflammatory cells in the nerve biopsy. A diagnosis of "probable SIDP" required progression of demyelinating neuropathy over a 4- to 8-week period. RESULTS Sixteen definite SIDP patients were identified among 29 probable SIDP patients. An antecedent infection was found in 38% of cases. The two most common neuropathy types were a symmetric motor-sensory neuropathy and a pure motor neuropathy. Cranial nerve deficits and respiratory failure were rare. Spinal fluid protein was high in 93% of cases. Demyelination was documented by the motor nerve conduction in 88% of cases and by the near-nerve needle sensory nerve conduction in two cases. Almost all patients were treated with prednisone and some with additional immunotherapies. Complete recovery was achieved in 69% of cases and partial recovery in others. Definite SIDP had all the characteristics of CIDP with three exceptions: a higher rate of antecedent infection, no relapse rate, and a high rate of recovery to normal. CONCLUSION Subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a definite entity bridging the gap between Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
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