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Baek JE, Choi IH, Cho YW, Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim MC, Kim KO, Cho YS. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in the intensive care unit: a KASID multi-centre study. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:106-112. [PMID: 37451405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing clinical and economic burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), data on CDI in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Asia-Pacific region are lacking. METHODS This retrospective study analysed 191 patients who were treated with CDI in the ICUs of three hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to May 2021. Backward-stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the treatment response and mortality. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (30.4%) were considered immunocompromised. The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 5.65 ± 2.39 (10-year survival rate: 21%), the APACHE II score was 20.86 ± 7.78 (mortality rate: 40%), the ATLAS score was 5.45 ± 1.59 (cure rate: 75%), and the SOFA score was 7.97 ± 4.03 (mortality rate: 21.5%). Fifty-eight (30.4%) of the CDI cases were severe and 40 (20.9%) were fulminant. Oral vancomycin or oral metronidazole was the most frequently first-line treatments (N = 57; 32.6%). The 10-day response rate was 59.7% and the eight-week overall mortality rate was 41.4%. Fulminant CDI (OR 0.230; 95% CI 0.085-0.623) and each one-unit increment in the SOFA score (OR 0.848; 95% CI 0.759-0.947) were associated with treatment failure. High APACHE II (OR 0.355; 95% CI 0.143-0.880) and SOFA (OR 0.164; 95% CI 0.061-0.441) scores were associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS High-risk patients in the ICU had a higher mortality rate and a lower cure rate of CDI. Further research is required to provide more accurate prediction scoring systems and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Baek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - M C Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - K O Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-S Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Periáñez R, Brovchenko I, Jung KT, Kim KO, Liptak L, Little A, Kobayashi T, Maderich V, Min BI, Suh KS. Some considerations on the dependence to numerical schemes of Lagrangian radionuclide transport models for the aquatic environment. J Environ Radioact 2023; 261:107138. [PMID: 36841197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lagrangian models present several advantages over Eulerian models to simulate the transport of radionuclides in the aquatic environment in emergency situations. A radionuclide release is simulated as a number of particles whose trajectories are calculated along time and thus these models do not require a spatial discretization (although it is always required in time). In this paper we investigate the dependence of a Lagrangian model output with the grid spacing which is used to calculate concentrations from the final distribution of particles, with the number of particles in the simulation and with the interpolation schemes which are required because of the discrete nature of the water circulation data used to feed the model. Also, a Lagrangian model may describe the exchanges of radionuclides between phases (liquid and solid), which is done in terms of transition probabilities. The dependence of these probabilities with time step is analyzed as well. It was found that the optimum grid size used to calculate concentrations should be carefully checked, and that temporal interpolation is more significant than spatial interpolation to obtain a more accurate solution. A method to estimate the number of particles required to have a certain accuracy level is proposed. Finally, it was found that for low sediment concentrations and small radionuclide kd, exact equations for the transition probabilities should be used; and that phase transitions introduce a stability condition as in Eulerian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Periáñez
- Dpt Física Aplicada I, ETSIA Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, 41013-Sevilla, Spain.
| | - I Brovchenko
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - K T Jung
- Environmental Research Institute of Oceanic Co. Ltd., 403 Munlnva-Building, 90 Yangpyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K O Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - L Liptak
- AB Merit s.r.o., Hornopotocna 1, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - A Little
- Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, HMS Sultan, Military Road Gosport, Hampshire P012 3BY, UK
| | - T Kobayashi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - B I Min
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-Daero 989-111, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Suh
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-Daero 989-111, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lee YM, Lee EK, Chung SJ, Kim CY, Kim KO. Development and validation of the food involvement inventory (FII) featuring the attitudinal constructs. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:359-369. [PMID: 32257519 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food involvement is one of the personality traits that influences the food cognition and behavior of consumers. Given the irrelevance of previous food involvement scales such as measuring lifestyle diligence and a food culture, this study aimed to develop the food involvement inventory (FII) designed specifically for foods and current consumers. This study focused on identifying the factors/constructs of the FII that would best represent and explain food involvement through item generation, administration, and validation. The collected items from involvement-related scales and expert discussions were administrated based on the evidence of construct and content. Validation of the FII based on the exploratory factor analysis identified four attitudinal components as constructs (affective, cognitive, behavioral-purchase, and behavioral-cooking) within the final 25 items. These four constructs constituted structural models for the FII, and the models were shown to be acceptable in the confirmatory factor analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lee
- 2Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Chung
- 3Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Chai-Youn Kim
- 4Department of Psychology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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4
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Lee YN, Lee SM, Kim KO. Investigation on the Intrinsic Potential of Using Potassium Chloride for Partially Replacing NaCl in Kimchi and the Effect of Information on Consumer Acceptance of Sodium-Reduced Kimchi According to Age. J Food Sci 2020; 84:2961-2972. [PMID: 31612540 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high sodium content of kimchi is a contradicting factor from its fame as a healthy food. With the aim of reducing the sodium content of kimchi, the objective of this study was to understand the effect of providing "sodium-reduced" information on the acceptance of kimchi according to the age of consumption. Six sodium-reduced kimchi samples, prepared with different percentages of sodium reduction (25% and 50%) and potassium chloride concentration (none, 0.47%, and 0.93%), were compared to control kimchi (2.0% w/v NaCl). Sensory characterization of the samples was obtained using descriptive analysis. A total of 167 kimchi consumers with balanced proportion of the young (below 40) and the old (above 40) evaluated seven kimchi samples in either of the two conditions: blind testing condition or informed testing condition where each of the samples was provided with a label that informed about "sodium reduction percentage" and "whether a salt replacer was used or not." The results showed that in terms of healthiness perception, Korean female consumers believed that kimchi with a high sodium reduction rate would contribute to health in general, though an unfavorable notion of using a salt replacer was also observed. Also, the results suggested that promoting information about sodium reduction in kimchi would generally increase consumer acceptance. However, this phenomenon was influenced not only by the sample for which the information was provided, but also by the age of consumers with different health interests and kimchi experience. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of this study showed simply reducing sodium and promoting it with a health claim showed limitation in achieving a high level of sodium reduction, such as a 50% reduction rate, which implied the importance of using supplementary material such as potassium chloride that can fulfill the missing saltiness and flavors of the original product. Promotion of "sodium-reduced" claims in kimchi generally results in increased consumer acceptance. However, the effectiveness of the information was dependent on which sample was provided and the age of the consumers, among whom health interests and kimchi experience differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Na Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Jeon SY, Lee YM, Kim SS, Kim KO. Effect of added hydrolyzed vegetable proteins on consumers' response for Doenjang (Korean traditional fermented soybean paste) soup. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:45-53. [PMID: 31976126 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) has received wide attention as a flavor enhancer that can replace monosodium glutamate (MSG). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of added acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (aHVP) and enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (eHVP) on consumers' responses of Korean Doenjang soup. One hundred and twenty female consumers who consume Doenjang soup on a regular basis were participated in consumer test of 8 Doenjang soup samples containing a flavor enhancer such as aHVP, eHVP, or MSG. The results indicated that the HVPs showed flavor-enhancing effects similar to those of MSG, respectively. It was also found that consumers preferred specific aHVP- or eHVP-added samples to MSG-added samples. These findings suggest that HVP could be used as a flavor enhancer in Doenjang products such as Doenjang soup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Jeon
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sook Kim
- 2Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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6
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Periáñez R, Bezhenar R, Brovchenko I, Jung KT, Kamidara Y, Kim KO, Kobayashi T, Liptak L, Maderich V, Min BI, Suh KS. Fukushima 137Cs releases dispersion modelling over the Pacific Ocean. Comparisons of models with water, sediment and biota data. J Environ Radioact 2019; 198:50-63. [PMID: 30590333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of marine radionuclide dispersion models (both Eulerian and Lagrangian) were applied to simulate 137Cs releases from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011 over the Pacific at oceanic scale. Simulations extended over two years and both direct releases into the ocean and deposition of atmospheric releases on the ocean surface were considered. Dispersion models included an embedded biological uptake model (BUM). Three types of BUMs were used: equilibrium, dynamic and allometric. Model results were compared with 137Cs measurements in water (surface, intermediate and deep layers), sediment and biota (zooplankton, non-piscivorous and piscivorous fish). A reasonable agreement in model/model and model/data comparisons was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Periáñez
- Dpt Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev, 03187, Ukraine
| | - I Brovchenko
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev, 03187, Ukraine
| | - K T Jung
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kamidara
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - K O Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kobayashi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - L Liptak
- ABmerit s.r.o., Hornopotocna 1, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev, 03187, Ukraine
| | - B I Min
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-Daero, 989-111, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Suh
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-Daero, 989-111, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jaeger SR, Lee SM, Kim KO, Chheang SL, Roigard CM, Ares G. CATA and RATA questions for product-focused emotion research: Five case studies using emoji questionnaires. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Kim HJ, Chung SJ, Kim KO, Nielsen B, Ishii R, O'Mahony M. A cross-cultural study of acceptability and food pairing for hot sauces. Appetite 2018; 123:306-316. [PMID: 29325771 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the acceptance levels of hot sauces among consumers from different culinary cultures. Two newly developed hot sauces [fermented red chili pepper with soybean-paste-based sauce(GS) and fermented red chili-pepper-based sauce(KS)] were compared with Tabasco sauce(TB) and Sriracha sauce(SR). Two separate cross-cultural home-use tests(HUTs) were conducted: pizza and cream soup were provided as food items in HUT 1, whereas grilled chicken wings and rice noodle soup were provided in HUT 2. Consumers residing in Denmark, South Korea, and US participated in each HUT (n≅100 per country). Acceptance levels and the reasons for (dis)liking particular hot sauces applied to food systems were assessed. The food items that paired well with different hot sauces when the sauces were applied freely to regular meals were also analyzed among the US and Korean subjects. When the hot-sauce samples were applied to pizza and cream soup, the preferred order of the samples exhibited a cross-cultural agreement (GS = KS > TB). In the case of grilled chicken and rice noodle soup, the acceptance rating was similar for the three types of hot sauces among Koreans, whereas the acceptance was higher for SR among the US subjects for both foodstuffs, while Danish subjects preferred GS and KS over SR. The US subjects did not like hot-sauce samples with sweet and weak spiciness, whereas the Korean and Danish subjects disliked the hot-sauce sample when it was too spicy and not sufficiently sweet. These findings indicate that the matching of particular sauces with specific food items is culture-dependent, and this needs to be considered when trying to export food products such as hot sauce to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jee Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Chung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Belinda Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rie Ishii
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael O'Mahony
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Roh SH, Lee SM, Kim SS, Kim KO. Importance of Applying Condiments in a Commonly Consumed Food System for Understanding the Association Between Familiarity and Sensory Drivers of Liking: A Study Focused on Doenjang. J Food Sci 2018; 83:464-474. [PMID: 29350752 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Doenjang, a Korean traditional fermented soybean paste, is one of the most essential condiments in Korean cuisine. Condiments are rarely consumed as it is, and are generally applied to other foods. The objective of this study was to understand how sensory drivers of liking of Doenjang would be affected according to food forms in which it is evaluated: the original paste form compared with a normally consumed soup form, and to understand the association of familiarity of evaluated food form. Descriptive analysis and consumer acceptability test was performed in 2 consumption forms: the original paste form and the Doenjang soup from. For consumer liking test, elderly consumers who have more experience to traditional Deonjang were compared to the young in their response to Doenjang paste and soup. The descriptive analysis results showed that the characteristic sensory features of the Deonjang samples were little affected based on the food system in which it was evaluated. However, when the paste was applied in soup, the intensities of the characteristic sensory features were reduced. Acceptability and familiarity of traditional type Doenjang samples for the young and for the elderly consumers were very similar in paste, but it differed when the samples were evaluated in soup. Thus, expectation difference between the young and the elderly was better revealed in soup, a more common food form consumed in practice. The results of this study indicate the importance of understanding sensory drivers of liking for a condiment such as Doenjang in their commonly consumed forms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Compared to the original condiment form, expectation difference between the young and the elderly were better revealed in Deonjang soup, a food form normally consumed in practice. Thus, the results of this study reinforced the importance of investigating sensory drivers of liking for a condiment in a food form that is normally consumed in practice for accurate understanding on consumer preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Roh
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sook Kim
- Research Group of Cognition and Sensory Perception, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Ha CH, Lee SM, Lee EK, Kim KO. Effect of flour information (origin and organic) and consumer attitude to health and natural product on bread acceptability of Korean consumers. J SENS STUD 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hong Ha
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Statistics; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Jung HY, Kwak HS, Kim MJ, Kim Y, Kim KO, Kim SS. Comparison of a descriptive analysis and instrumental measurements (electronic nose and electronic tongue) for the sensory profiling of Korean fermented soybean paste (doenjang
). J SENS STUD 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute; Research Group of Cognition and Sensory Perception; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sub Kwak
- Korea Food Research Institute; Research Group of Cognition and Sensory Perception; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute; Research Group of Cognition and Sensory Perception; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute; Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sook Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute; Research Group of Cognition and Sensory Perception; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
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12
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Jaeger SR, Kim KO, Lee S, Hunter DC, Kam K, Chheang SL, Jin D, Lee PY, Xia Y, Ares G. Concurrent elicitation of hedonic and CATA/RATA responses with Chinese and Korean consumers: Hedonic bias is unlikely to occur. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Chung SM, Kim KH, Kim KO, Kim TN. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Hepatic portal vein gas accompanied by acute enterocolitis improved with non-surgical treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:294. [PMID: 28221690 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - K O Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - T N Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Kim EK, Cho JH, Jeong AR, Kim EJ, Park DK, Kwon KA, Chung JW, Kim KO, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel injury. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:69-77. [PMID: 28456771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Small bowel injury can occur as the result of a multifaceted process that includes increased acid secretion, generation of reactive oxygen species, and cyclooxygenase inhibition. However, no effective medication for small bowel ulceration is available. Simvastatin is an important lipid-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory activity. We aimed to validate the effects of simvastatin in vitro and in vivo. In presence or absence of simvastatin, IEC-6 small bowel cell line with 50 ng/ml of tumor nectosis factor α (TNF-α) was investigated by western blotting, qRT-PCR, and DCF-DA assay. In addition, an in vivo study of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced small bowel inflammation was performed using 7-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6 mice. Simvastatin treatment reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 by approximately 50% in TNF-α-stimulated IEC-6 cells. Treatment with a combination of 50 ng/ml TNF-α and μM simvastatin decreased activation of Akt, IκBα, and nuclear factor-κB p65 level in IEC-6 cells. By DCF-DA staining, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased in TNF-α-stimulated cells, and treatment with simvastatin decreased the level of ROS. In addition, in vivo mouse model of NSAID-induced small bowel inflammation, the administration of simvastatin reduced the number of small bowel hemorrhagic lesions and the level of ROS production as determined by gross examination and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine immunohistochemistry of small bowel tissue, respectively. Simvastatin reduced NSAID-induced injuries by both suppression of ROS generation and modulation of inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for NSAID-induced small bowel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - A R Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K A Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K O Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Torri L, Jeon SY, Piochi M, Morini G, Kim KO. Consumer perception of balsamic vinegar: A cross-cultural study between Korea and Italy. Food Res Int 2016; 91:148-160. [PMID: 28290319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cross-cultural differences in food perception is a key issue of food research in order to understand consumer behaviour in different countries. The objective of this study was to explore potential cultural differences of balsamic vinegar perception between Korean and Italian consumers using the sorted napping method. Nine balsamic vinegars different in terms of ingredients, aging time, and origin were evaluated by Korean (n=50) and Italian (n=49) consumers using sorted napping. Familiarity and food matching were also examined. Descriptive analysis was performed to verify the attitude of the consumers in product description. The results obtained from two groups of consumers in Korea and Italy revealed a higher description attitude of the Italians (higher number of total elicited attributes, of attributes in common with the trained panel, of attributes shared with the vocabulary reported in literature, of significant specific positive product-attribute associations). Italian subjects generated various descriptors associated with the European gastronomic culture (aromatic herbs, fortified wine, dried figs, Indian fig, Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese), whereas Korean consumers used more terms related to the Asian food culture (red ginseng, Chinese medicine, Japanese apricot, teriyaki sauce, persimmon vinegar, balloon flower roots). Moreover, cultural differences of food matching were also observed: the Italians would pair the balsamic vinegars mainly with vegetables, fruits and cheese, while Koreans would combine the balsamic vinegars preferably with bread, vegetables and meat. In conclusion, familiarity resulted the main factors for cross-cultural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Torri
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Bra (CN), Italy
| | - Seon-Young Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Piochi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Bra (CN), Italy
| | - Gabriella Morini
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Bra (CN), Italy
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HR, Kim KM, Lee JH, Yoo SH, Lee SM, Kim KO. Physicochemical properties of enzyme-treated waxy rice flour and expansion properties of Gangjung (a traditional Korean oil-puffed rice snack). Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1353-1360. [PMID: 30263416 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long steeping process of waxy rice involved in Gangjung production is essential for obtaining good quality Gangjung, but it causes many related problems. The objective was to examine physiochemical properties of waxy rice flour and expansion properties of Gangjung manufactured using waxy rice flour treated with protease (P-flour), α-amylase (A-flour), or in combination of the two (PA-flour) over different durations. While crude protein and reducing sugar contents of P-flour and Aflour differed depending on enzyme treatment time, it was not observed for PA-flour. Gangjung made with P-flour or A-flour could show similar expansion rate to that of Gangjung made with waxy rice flour steeped under the optimal condition, however, Gangjung made with PA-flour showed lower expansion rate than of the optimal one. These findings indicate that treatment of waxy rice flour with either protease or α-amylase, but not both, could reduce the steeping time involved in Gangjung production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Ran Kim
- 1Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea.,2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- 3Agro-Food Utilization Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Lee
- 1Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- 4Department of Food Science & Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
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Lee SM, Kim SE, Guinard JX, Kim KO. Exploration of flavor familiarity effect in Korean and US consumers' hot sauces perceptions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:745-756. [PMID: 30263332 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work explored how consumers' product perceptions differ when flavor familiarity with the product set varied. Half of the samples used in this study contained fermented ingredients (fermented red pepper or gochujang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean/red pepper paste), and the others were top selling hot sauce products in the US market. Free-choice profiling was performed by Korean and US consumers and was analyzed using GPA. Descriptive analysis was conducted and analyzed using PCA. While Korean and US consumers perceived product similarly along the first principal dimension which described distinctive sensory differences among the products, in the next principal dimension, it was found that these consumers perceived the products differently. Observations indicated that this discrepancy seemed to be originated from differences in flavor familiarity. This study showed flavor familiarity not only influences one's preference but also may influence perception of foods such as hot sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh Min Lee
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Soo-Eon Kim
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Jean-Xavier Guinard
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
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Bae YW, Lee SM, Kim KO. Age and gender differences in the influence of extrinsic product information on acceptability for RTD green tea beverages. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1362-1372. [PMID: 25906998 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of ready-to-drink (RTD) green tea beverage has allowed diverse consumers to consume green teas and related products. Green tea that has been traditionally consumed for its delicate flavor characteristics is also widely consumed for its recognition as a healthy product. Because it is reported that age difference exists in consideration of health-related information, the objective of the study was to investigate how sensory and non-sensory factors, in particular health-related information, price and packaging, would affect the flavor acceptability of green tea beverages, depending on consumers' age and gender. RESULTS Regardless of the product information, old consumers preferred products that provided an indication of health beneficial effect. On the other hand, young consumers tended to be influenced by extrinsic product information such as packaging, brand/manufacturer and/or price, though these consumers were not so much influenced by health beneficial information as were the old consumers. CONCLUSION The findings of the study implied that the influence of non-sensory information such as health beneficial information in flavor liking differed depending mostly on consumers' age, and little on gender, for RTD green tea beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Won Bae
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Lee CL, Lee SM, Kim KO. Use of Consumer Acceptability as a Tool to Determine the Level of Sodium Reduction: A Case Study on Beef Soup Substituted With Potassium Chloride and Soy-Sauce Odor. J Food Sci 2015; 80:S2570-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Long Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans Univ; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Soh Min Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans Univ; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans Univ; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Choi JH, Gwak MJ, Chung SJ, Kim KO, O'Mahony M, Ishii R, Bae YW. Identifying the drivers of liking by investigating the reasons for (dis)liking using CATA in cross-cultural context: a case study on barbecue sauce. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1613-1625. [PMID: 25092220 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study cross-culturally investigated the drivers of liking for traditional and ethnic chicken marinades using descriptive analysis and consumer taste tests incorporating the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Seventy-three Koreans and 86 US consumers participated. The tested sauces comprised three tomato-based sauces, a teriyaki-based sauce and a Korean spicy seasoning-based sauce. Chicken breasts were marinated with each of the five barbecue sauces, grilled and served for evaluation. Descriptive analysis and consumer taste tests were conducted. Consumers rated the acceptance on a hedonic scale and checked the reasons for (dis)liking by the CATA method for each sauce. A general linear model, multiple factor analysis and chi-square analysis were conducted using the data. RESULTS The results showed that the preference orders of the samples between Koreans and US consumers were strikingly similar to each other. However, the reasons for (dis)liking the samples differed cross-culturally. The drivers of liking of two sauces sharing relatively similar sensory profiles but differing significantly in hedonic ratings were effectively delineated by reasons of (dis)liking CATA results. CONCLUSION Reasons for (dis)liking CATA proved to be a powerful supporting method to understand the internal drivers of liking which can be overlooked by generic descriptive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
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Kim YK, Jombart L, Valentin D, Kim KO. Familiarity and liking playing a role on the perception of trained panelists: A cross-cultural study on teas. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Kim JY, Kim KO. The Effects of Sensory and Nonsensory Factors on Consumer Acceptability and Purchase Intention of Commercial Toothpaste. J SENS STUD 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Son JS, Do VB, Kim KO, Cho MS, Suwonsichon T, Valentin D. Understanding the effect of culture on food representations using word associations: The case of “rice” and “good rice”. Food Qual Prefer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim YK, Jombart L, Valentin D, Kim KO. A cross-cultural study using Napping®: Do Korean and French consumers perceive various green tea products differently? Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Young-Eun Sung
- Cosmetics & Personal Care Research Institute; Amorepacific Corporation; Yongin Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Chung L, Chung SJ, Kim JY, Kim KO, O’Mahony M, Vickers Z, Cha SM, Ishii R, Baures K, Kim HR. Comparing the liking for Korean style salad dressings and beverages between US and Korean consumers: Effects of sensory and non-sensory factors. Food Qual Prefer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Park CH, Kim KO, Baek IH, Choi MH, Jang HJ, Kae SH, Kim JB, Baik GH, Shin WG, Kim KH, Kim HY. Differences in the risk factors of reflux esophagitis according to age in Korea. Dis Esophagus 2012; 27:116-21. [PMID: 23009198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korea has been believed to be low, but the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korea is expected to increase because of the longer life expectancy and more ingestion of westernized food. The aim of this study was to report differences in the risk factors of reflux esophagitis (RE) according to age in Korea. We prospectively recruited the subjects who had RE among those who visited a health promotion center for upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance at Hallym Medical Center (five institutions) between January 2008 and February 2009. The enrolled study participants comprised 742 subjects with RE and 1484 healthy controls. The independent risk factors of RE in young and adult group were male sex, smoking, coffee, body mass index ≥ 25, hiatal hernia, and Helicobacter pylori negativity. The risk factors of RE in elderly group were smoking, coffee, and hiatal hernia. The risk factors for RE according to age group were found to differ. In elderly group, Helicobacter pylori infection was not a significant protective factor contrary to young and adult groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hong JH, Lee KW, Chung S, Chung L, Kim HR, Kim KO. Sensory characteristics and cross-cultural comparisons of consumer acceptability for Gochujang dressing. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Cha SM, Chung LN, Chung SJ, Kim KO, Lee SR, Kim HR, Han GJ, Lee JY. Comparative Analysis on Preference for Korean Traditional Foods in Foreigners and Koreans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7318/kjfc/2012.27.3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hong JH, Kwon KY, Kim KO. Sensory Characteristics and Consumer Acceptability of Beef Stock Containing the Glutathione-Xylose Maillard Reaction Product and/or Monosodium Glutamate. J Food Sci 2012; 77:S233-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park HG, Jung MK, Jung JT, Kwon JG, Kim EY, Seo HE, Lee JH, Yang CH, Kim ES, Cho KB, Park KS, Lee SH, Kim KO, Jeon SW. Randomised clinical trial: a comparative study of 10-day sequential therapy with 7-day standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in naïve patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012. [PMID: 22066530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eradication rates following standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection are declining worldwide. Recent studies have shown that sequential therapy for H. pylori infection yields high cure rates. AIM To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a sequential regimen as first-line treatment of H. pylori infection with a standard triple regimen. METHODS A total of 348 naïve H. pylori-infected patients from six hospitals in Korea were assigned randomly to standard triple or sequential therapy groups. Standard triple therapy consisted of 20 mg of rabeprazole, 1 g of amoxicillin and 500 mg of clarithromycin, twice daily for 7 days. Sequential therapy consisted of a 5-day dual therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole and 1 g of amoxicillin, twice daily) followed by a 5-day triple therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 500 mg of metronidazole, twice daily). RESULTS The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 62.2% (95% CI 54.8-69.6%) and 76.0% (95% CI 68.5-83.5%) in the standard triple group, and 77.8% (95% CI 71.4-84.2%) and 87.9% (95% CI 82.3-93.5%) in the sequential group, respectively. The eradication rate was significantly higher in the sequential group compared with the standard triple group in both the ITT and PP populations (P = 0.002 and P = 0.013 respectively), whereas the incidence of adverse events was similar. CONCLUSIONS Ten-day sequential therapy is more effective and equally tolerated for eradication of H. pylori infection compared with standard triple therapy. Sequential therapy may have a role as first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Park HG, Jung MK, Jung JT, Kwon JG, Kim EY, Seo HE, Lee JH, Yang CH, Kim ES, Cho KB, Park KS, Lee SH, Kim KO, Jeon SW. Randomised clinical trial: a comparative study of 10-day sequential therapy with 7-day standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in naïve patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:56-65. [PMID: 22066530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eradication rates following standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection are declining worldwide. Recent studies have shown that sequential therapy for H. pylori infection yields high cure rates. AIM To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a sequential regimen as first-line treatment of H. pylori infection with a standard triple regimen. METHODS A total of 348 naïve H. pylori-infected patients from six hospitals in Korea were assigned randomly to standard triple or sequential therapy groups. Standard triple therapy consisted of 20 mg of rabeprazole, 1 g of amoxicillin and 500 mg of clarithromycin, twice daily for 7 days. Sequential therapy consisted of a 5-day dual therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole and 1 g of amoxicillin, twice daily) followed by a 5-day triple therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 500 mg of metronidazole, twice daily). RESULTS The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 62.2% (95% CI 54.8-69.6%) and 76.0% (95% CI 68.5-83.5%) in the standard triple group, and 77.8% (95% CI 71.4-84.2%) and 87.9% (95% CI 82.3-93.5%) in the sequential group, respectively. The eradication rate was significantly higher in the sequential group compared with the standard triple group in both the ITT and PP populations (P = 0.002 and P = 0.013 respectively), whereas the incidence of adverse events was similar. CONCLUSIONS Ten-day sequential therapy is more effective and equally tolerated for eradication of H. pylori infection compared with standard triple therapy. Sequential therapy may have a role as first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Kim KO. Ventilator malfunction due to water condensation during low flow anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39:1155-1156. [PMID: 22165381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Hong JH, Kim KO. Operationally defined solubilization of copper and iron in human saliva and implications for metallic flavor perception. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Lee SM, Kwon GY, Kim KO, Kim YS. Metabolomic approach for determination of key volatile compounds related to beef flavor in glutathione-Maillard reaction products. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kim YA, Lee EH, Kim KO, Lee YT, Hammock BD, Lee HS. Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 693:106-13. [PMID: 21504817 PMCID: PMC3927651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on competitive antigen-coated format using colloidal gold as the label was developed for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. The ICA test strip consisted of a membrane with a detection zone, a sample pad and an absorbent pad. The membrane was separately coated with chlorpyrifos Hapten-OVA conjugate (test line) and anti-mouse IgG (control line). Based on the fact that the competition is between the migrating analyte in the sample and the analyte hapten immobilized on the test strip for the binding sites of the antibody-colloidal gold (Ab-CG) conjugate migrating on the test strip, this study suggests that the relative migration speed between the two migrating substances is a critically important factor for the sensitive detection by competitive ICA. This criterion was utilized for the confirmation of appropriateness of a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane for chlorpyrifos ICA. The detection limit of the ICA for chlorpyrifos standard and chlorpyrifos spiked into agricultural samples were 10 and 50 ng mL(-1), respectively. The assay time for the ICA test was less than 10 min, suitable for rapid on-site testing of chlorpyrifos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Lee
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Hong JH, Yoon EK, Chung SJ, Chung L, Cha SM, O'Mahony M, Vickers Z, Kim KO. Sensory characteristics and cross-cultural consumer acceptability of Bulgogi (Korean traditional barbecued beef). J Food Sci 2011; 76:S306-13. [PMID: 22417445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bulgogi (Korean traditional barbecued beef) is the most well-known Korean food to foreigners. There are, however, few studies on its sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability. This study was performed to identify the sensory attributes of Bulgogi samples prepared with different formulation and to compare the consumer acceptability in Korea and the United States. Bulgogi samples were prepared with varying levels of sugar and soy sauce with/without garlic or sesame oil. Descriptive analysis was conducted by 8 trained panelists. In consumer tests, 42 consumers in Seoul, Korea, 53 consumers in Davis (Calif., U.S.A.), and 39 consumers in St. Paul (Minn., U.S.A.) participated. Higher levels of sugar and soy sauce (SSS) significantly increased sweetness, saltiness, MSG taste, and soy sauce odor/flavor compared to the control made with the standard formula (CON). Elimination of sesame oil (ESO) significantly decreased sesame oil odor/flavor and oiliness, but increased green onion flavor. Elimination of garlic (EGC) significantly increased grilled beef odor/flavor, sesame oil odor/flavor, and oiliness, but decreased intensities of all the other attributes except bitterness. The consumers in Korea and the United States rated their overall liking for all samples similarly, preferring SSS to CON, EGC, and ESO. However Korean consumers seemed to detect the differences caused by formulation changes better than the U.S. consumers and these perceived differences seemed to impact the hedonic and the just-about-right ratings. Increase in soy sauce and sugar increased both Korean and the U.S. consumers' acceptability of Bulgogi, whereas eliminating garlic did not influence the consumer acceptability despite of its significant impact on sensory attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The food industry is increasingly interested in ethnic foods that satisfy sophisticated appetite of today's consumers. Korean cuisine is recently gaining popularity and perceived as "adventurous and spicy," appealing to researchers and marketers in the food industry worldwide. However, it is not easy to develop a new product based on ethnic cuisine because nonsensory factors, such as food neophobia and openness to new culture, can evoke adverse responses from the consumers. A systematic sensory approach can guide the product development by identifying both sensory and nonsensory factors affecting consumer acceptability. This study investigated sensory attributes of Bulgogi (Korean traditional barbecued beef), one of the most famous Korean foods, and compared consumer acceptability between Korea and the United States. The outcomes of this study, such as flavor profiles, consumer responses, evaluation procedure, and approaches taken for cross-cultural comparison, will provide the food industries with valuable information that will help to develop effective strategies for commercializing ethnic foods including recipe development for Bulgogi marinades.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hong
- Dept. of Food Science and Enginering, Ewha Womans Univ., 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Son JS, Hong JH, Kim KO. Effects of interval length between tasting sessions and sweetener level on long-term acceptability of novel green tea drinks. Food Qual Prefer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim Y, Kim YS, Yoo SH, Kim KO. Molecular differences of low methoxy pectins induced by pectin methyl esterase I: Effects on texture, release and perception of aroma in gel systems. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sin HJ, Kim KO, Kim SH, Kim YA, Lee HS. Effect of Resistant Starch on the Large Bowel Environment and Plasma Lipid in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.5.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoo YH, Lee S, Kim Y, Kim KO, Kim YS, Yoo SH. Functional characterization of the gels prepared with pectin methylesterase (PME)-treated pectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:226-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol has been used successfully in various conditions, but controversies exist about its use in sedation of elderly patients for cataract surgery. This study evaluates the efficacy of anaesthetic nurse-controlled sedation (ACS) compared with PCS using the same device and the drug. METHODS All of the 153 elderly patients (aged 51-88 years) undergoing cataract surgery with a sub-Tenon's infiltration were assigned to receive ACS (n = 51) or PCS (n = 51) with propofol or no intra-operative sedation (control, n = 51). Propofol was administered with a bolus dose of 10 mg and a lockout interval of 1 min. Cognitive function, sedation, pain, anxiety, side effects and satisfaction of patients were evaluated. RESULTS The mean +/- SD doses of propofol administered were 34.9 +/- 8.8 mg and 30.1 +/- 30.4 mg in the groups ACS and PCS, respectively. The anxiety score was lower in both ACS and PCS groups compared with control group but was not different between the two groups. Patient's satisfaction was highest in PCS group, ACS group was the next, compared with non-sedated group. Other parameters were not different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Both ACS and PCS using propofol provided reduced anxiety compared with control, but patient's satisfaction was higher in the PCS group compared with ACS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yun
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnamsi, Kyonggido, Korea
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Moon JH, Park CH, Kim KO, Hahn T, Yoo K, Park SH, Kim JH, Park CK. Sigmoidorectal intussusception caused by a malignant tumor of the sigmoid colon: computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Endoscopy 2008; 38 Suppl 2:E67. [PMID: 17366422 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
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Kim KO, Choe G, Chung SH, Kim CS. Delayed pharmacological pre-conditioning effect of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener on neurologic injury in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:236-42. [PMID: 18005376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazoxide, pharmacological openers of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels have been shown to induce early pre-conditioning in the spinal cord. Here, the authors investigated whether diazoxide also induce delayed pre-conditioning and thereby reduce neurologic complications using a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. METHODS Infrarenal blood flow was interrupted for 20 min in 21 rabbits. Non-treated control animals received no pre-treatment. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg) were given 48 h before 20 min ischemia in the 48-h DZ group, whereas 15-min DZ group received diazoxide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before 20-min ischemia. Neurological functions were evaluated using Johnson scores for 3 days after reperfusion, after which, spinal cords were procured for hematoxylin and eosin staining for cell counting. RESULTS Johnson scores revealed a marked improvement in both the diazoxide-treated groups vs. the non-treated control group at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion (P<0.01). The histologic changes were proportional to the Johnson scores, with better preservation of motor neuron numbers in the animals of the 48-h DZ and 15-min DZ group relative to the non-treated controls (81+/-12, 90+/-10, 50+/-23 motor neurons, respectively, P<0.01). No difference was found between the 48-h DZ group and 15-min DZ group with respect to the Johnson scores or neuron numbers. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that pre-treatment with diazoxide 48 h before ischemia, induce delayed pharmacological pre-conditioning, thereby significantly improving clinical neurologic scores and histologic findings in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee HS, Kim KO. Difference test sensitivity: Comparison of three versions of the duo–trio method requiring different memory schemes and taste sequences. Food Qual Prefer 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shim JY, Kim KO, Seo BH, Lee HS. Soybean isoflavone extract improves glucose tolerance and raises the survival rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res Pract 2007; 1:266-72. [PMID: 20368949 PMCID: PMC2849033 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2007.1.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on body weight changes, glucose tolerance and liver function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. One group of normal rats (normal control) was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four groups of diabetic rats were fed the same diet supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.5 mg (ISO-I), 3.0 mg (ISO-II) and 30.0 mg (ISO-III) per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The daily consumption of isoflavone at the level of 3.0mg per kilogram of body weight resulted in the suppression of body weight loss and increased the survival rate of diabetic animals one and half times compared to that of the diabetic control group. Blood glucose levels in a fasting state and after the oral administration of glucose were significantly lower in the ISO-II group during the oral glucose tolerance test. The ISO-II group showed a tendency to elongate the gastrointestinal transit time. The activity of serum aminotransferases, indicator of liver function, was not negatively affected by any intake level of isoflavone. The present study demonstrated that the soybean isoflavone extract may be beneficial to diabetic animals by improving their glucose tolerance and suppressing weight loss without incurring hepatotoxicity at the daily dosage of 3.0 mg per kg of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Youn Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Kim HR, Kim KM, Chung SJ, Lee JW, Kim KO. Effects of steeping conditions of waxy rice on the physical and sensory characteristics of gangjung (a traditional Korean oil-puffed snack). J Food Sci 2007; 72:S544-50. [PMID: 17995619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of steeping period (1, 11, and 21 d) and temperature (15, 25, and 35 degrees C) of waxy rice on the physical and sensory characteristics of Gangjung (a traditional Korean oil-puffed snack). Increasing the steeping period from 1 to 21 d and increasing the temperature from 15 to 35 degrees C markedly increased the oil absorption ratio of Gangjung. Textural analysis indicated that the number of peaks (representing the internal air cell characteristics) for Gangjung decreased in proportion with increasing steeping temperature and period, but that the hardness was affected significantly only by steeping period. Regarding the sensory characteristics of Gangjung, 5 appearance, 7 flavor, and 9 texture attributes were developed and evaluated by trained descriptive panelists. When the steeping temperature and the steeping period were increased, the degree of expansion, size, and degree of external roughness increased, while the strength of external color decreased. Regarding the flavor attributes, the intensity of sweetness and toasted carbohydrate food flavor tended to decrease with increasing steeping temperature and period, while sourness and butyric acid flavor, which are related to the fermentation of waxy rice, increased. Finally, the increased steeping temperature and period decreased the intensity of hardness, crispness, and toughness of Gangjung but increased the degree of fracture, degree of melting, and oiliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kim
- Rural Resources Development Inst., Natl. Inst. of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-853, South Korea
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