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Nakanishi T, Watanabe K, Erickson L, Kawahara S. Antemortem inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase causes changes in meat quality traits in broiler chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 75:106603. [PMID: 33453567 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an enzyme that mediates endocrinological responses, such as intracellular signaling of insulin and growth factors, and plays important roles in muscle homeostasis and growth. In this study, the effect of antemortem PI3K activity on meat quality traits was investigated using broiler chickens whose PI3K was inhibited pharmacologically. Breast and thigh muscles were harvested from broilers treated with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and meat quality traits were evaluated by determination of color, water-holding capacity, and breaking strength. The pH and concentrations of glycogen and free amino acids were also investigated as determinants of the chemical properties of meat. The results indicated that antemortem PI3K inhibition by wortmannin modified breast muscle color with lower L∗ values (P < 0.05) and b∗ values (P < 0.05) and higher a∗ values (P < 0.05). Antemortem PI3K inhibition also increased the water-holding capacity of breast muscles (P < 0.05), although breaking strength was not much affected. In addition, antemortem PI3K inhibition increased the concentrations of free amino acids in breast muscles, especially arginine (P < 0.05) and glutamic acid (P < 0.05). Similar effects were observed in thigh muscles. Lower glycogen levels at sacrifice (P < 0.05) and the resultant higher pH during the postmortem period (P < 0.05) were associated with PI3K inhibition-induced changes in meat quality traits. The wortmannin-treated muscles shared certain features with dark, firm, and dry meat which is a common abnormal meat. These findings suggest that antemortem PI3K activity contributes to meat quality traits and is involved in the molecular mechanism of the production of meat quality abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakanishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - L Erickson
- Department of Biology, Harold Washington City College of Chicago, 30 E. Lake St, Chicago, IL 60601, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College, 2606 W. Touhy Ave, Chicago, IL 60645, USA
| | - S Kawahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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McWilliams R, Allred J, Kottschade L, Erickson L, Katipamula R, Gupta M, Dronca R, Rumilla K, Markovic S. 3324 NCCTG N0879 (Alliance): A randomized phase II cooperative group trial of carboplatin, paclitaxel, bevacizumab, =/- everolimus (CPB+/-E) for metastatic melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Caruso J, Barbosa A, Erickson L, Edwards R, Perry R, Learmonth L, Potter W. Intermittent Palm Cooling’s Impact on Resistive Exercise Performance. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:814-21. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Caruso
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - A. Barbosa
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - L. Erickson
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - R. Edwards
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - R. Perry
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - L. Learmonth
- Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - W. Potter
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
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Maez L, Erickson L, Naumuk L. Diabetic education in rural areas. Rural Remote Health 2014; 14:2742. [PMID: 24930474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus type II is a growing concern in the USA, with 6% of the population diagnosed with diabetes and another 5% having pre-diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes is 17% higher in rural areas than in central cities{1}. Adult diabetics living in rural areas often see negative outcomes related to their limited access to care, cultural barriers, and lack of educational resources. This article seeks to evaluate best evidence-based strategies directed at improving diabetic outcomes of rural populations through hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) reductions. METHOD A search of Medline, CIHNAL, PubMed, and Sage Pub was undertaken. The search was structured around the following key terms: adult, diabetes, education, hemoglobin a1c, and rural. The search limits were set to English-language publications between 2004 and 2012 in industrialized countries. Only articles from scholarly, peer-reviewed publications were considered. Literature that used an inpatient setting, focused on children or adolescents, and did not meet any inclusion criteria were excluded from this review. RESULTS A total of 15 articles met the selection criteria from the 1819 citations sourced from the search. After reviewing the sources, nutritional patient education, motivational counseling and lifestyle modifications were found to be the most influential factors that favorably changed measurable outcomes for this population. Education for providers did not have an appreciable effect on patient outcomes. CONCLUSION This review adds to the literature by outlining best-practice guidelines for evidence-based practice based on current research. Primary care providers in rural areas should encourage their patients to actively participate in diabetes education when possible, and provide this education in a culturally competent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maez
- Univeristy of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - L Erickson
- Univeristy of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. )
| | - L Naumuk
- Univeristy of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Kulvatunyou N, Erickson L, Vijayasekaran A, Gries L, Joseph B, Friese RF, O'Keeffe T, Tang AL, Wynne JL, Rhee P. Randomized clinical trial of pigtail catheter versus chest tube in injured patients with uncomplicated traumatic pneumothorax. Br J Surg 2014; 101:17-22. [PMID: 24375295 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small pigtail catheters appear to work as well as the traditional large-bore chest tubes in patients with traumatic pneumothorax, but it is not known whether the smaller pigtail catheters are associated with less tube-site pain. This study was conducted to compare tube-site pain following pigtail catheter or chest tube insertion in patients with uncomplicated traumatic pneumothorax. METHODS This prospective randomized trial compared 14-Fr pigtail catheters and 28-Fr chest tubes in patients with traumatic pneumothorax presenting to a level I trauma centre from July 2010 to February 2012. Patients who required emergency tube placement, those who refused and those who could not respond to pain assessment were excluded. Primary outcomes were tube-site pain, as assessed by a numerical rating scale, and total pain medication use. Secondary outcomes included the success rate of pneumothorax resolution and insertion-related complications. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled. Baseline characteristics of 20 patients in the pigtail catheter group were similar to those of 20 patients in the chest tube group. No patient had a flail chest or haemothorax. Pain scores related to chest wall trauma were similar in the two groups. Patients with a pigtail catheter had significantly lower mean(s.d.) tube-site pain scores than those with a chest tube, at baseline after tube insertion (3.2(0.6) versus 7.7(0.6); P < 0.001), on day 1 (1.9(0.5) versus 6.2(0.7); P < 0.001) and day 2 (2.1(1.1) versus 5.5(1.0); P = 0.040). The decreased use of pain medication associated with pigtail catheter was not significantly different. The duration of tube insertion, success rate and insertion-related complications were all similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION For patients with a simple, uncomplicated traumatic pneumothorax, use of a 14-Fr pigtail catheter is associated with reduced pain at the site of insertion, with no other clinically important differences noted compared with chest tubes. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01537289 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kulvatunyou
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Room 5411, PO Box 245063, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5063, USA
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Heun JM, Nevala WK, Callstrom MR, Atwell TD, Farrell MA, Galanis E, Erickson L, Suman V, Charboneau WJ, Markovic S. Endogenous heat-shock protein vaccines for metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.tps175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Mansfield AS, Grotz T, Jakub JW, Flotte T, Erickson L, Markovic S. Changes in regional immunity and metastasis in melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Shors AR, Kim S, White E, Argenyi Z, Barnhill RL, Duray P, Erickson L, Guitart J, Horenstein MG, Lowe L, Messina J, Rabkin MS, Schmidt B, Shea CR, Trotter MJ, Piepkorn MW. Dysplastic naevi with moderate to severe histological dysplasia: a risk factor for melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2007; 155:988-93. [PMID: 17034530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of malignant melanoma associated with histologically dysplastic naevi (HDN) has not been defined. While clinically atypical naevi appear to confer an independent risk of melanoma, no study has evaluated the extent to which HDN are predictive of melanoma. OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of melanoma associated with HDN. Secondarily, the risk associated with number of naevi and large naevi is estimated. METHODS We enrolled 80 patients with newly diagnosed melanoma along with 80 spousal controls. After obtaining information on melanoma risk factors and performing a complete cutaneous examination, the most clinically atypical naevus was biopsied in both cases and controls. Histological dysplasia was then assessed independently by 13 dermatopathologists (0, no dysplasia; 1, mild dysplasia; 2, moderate dysplasia; 3, severe dysplasia). The dermatopathologists were blinded as to whether the naevi were from melanoma subjects or controls. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine if there was an independent association between the degree of histological dysplasia in naevi and a personal history of melanoma. RESULTS In persons with naevi receiving an average score of > 1 (i.e. naevi considered to have greater than mild histological dysplasia), there was an increased risk of melanoma [odds ratio (OR) 2.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-6.86] which persisted after adjustment for confounders (OR 3.99, 95% CI 1.02-15.71). Very few dermatopathologists reliably graded naevi of subjects with melanoma as being more dysplastic than naevi of control subjects. Among the entire group, the interobserver reliability associated with grading histological dysplasia in naevi was poor (weighted kappa 0.28). CONCLUSIONS HDN do appear to confer an independent risk of melanoma. However, this result may add more to our biological understanding of melanoma risk than to clinical assessment of risk, because HDN assessed by a single pathologist generally cannot be used to assess risk of melanoma. Future studies should be directed at establishing reproducible, predictive criteria for grading naevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Shors
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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Crews GM, Erickson L, Pan F, Fisniku O, Jang MS, Wynn C, Benediktsson H, Kobayashi M, Jiang H. Down-regulation of TGF-beta and VCAM-1 is associated with successful treatment of chronic rejection in rats. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1926-8. [PMID: 15919506 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We measured the expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in rat kidney grafts undergoing chronic rejection and treated the rats with six different regimens in order to determine correlation between their expression levels and severity of chronic rejection. F344 or Lewis kidneys were transplanted into Lewis recipients to generate allograft or isograft groups, respectively. Graft recipients were treated with one of the following regimens: (1) untreated isograft, (2) untreated allograft, (3) tacrolimus (FK506), 1 mg/kg/d for 10 days, (4) triptolide (PG490-88), 0.5 mg/kg/d for 10 days, and (5) leflunomide analogue (FK778), 10 mg/kg/d for 10 days. Kidneys were harvested on day 90 after transplantation and subjected to histological analysis and gene expression analysis by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TGF-beta and VCAM-1. Gene expression values were compared to measurements of chronic rejection by linear regression analysis. Modified Banff score for transplant pathology show that chronic rejection was mild in the FK778 group, moderate in the PG490-88 group, and severe in the FK506 and allograft control groups. Overall, the expression levels of TGF-beta and VCAM-1 show high correlations with histological changes of chronic rejection. Suppression of the expression levels of TGF-beta and VCAM-1 is associated with the amelioration of chronic rejection by various drugs, suggesting that these molecules are important key molecules in chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Crews
- Department of Basic Science, Astellas Research Institute of America, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
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10
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Carrell DT, Emery BR, Wilcox AL, Campbell B, Erickson L, Hatasaka HH, Jones KP, Peterson CM. Sperm chromosome aneuploidy as related to male factor infertility and some ultrastructure defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:181-5. [PMID: 15204685 DOI: 10.1080/01485010490425188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some men have elevated levels of sperm chromosome aneuploidy. In this study, we have evaluated and summarized sperm aneuploidy rates in male infertility patients and control groups. The mean aneuploidy rate for five chromosomes (X, Y, 13, 18, 21) was 1.2 +/- 0.1 for fertile controls, 1.4 +/- 0.1 for a general population control group, and 5.8 +/- 1.14 for the patients. When the patients were classified by the type of male factor infertility, the total aneuploidy rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 in men with moderately diminished semen quality (n = 7), 4.0 +/- 0.3 patients with severe teratoasthenooligozoospermia, and 15.9 +/- 3.8 for men with rare ultrastructure defects such as round head only syndrome or severe tail agenesis. Some infertility patients have a severely elevated level of sperm chromosome aneuploidy, which may contribute to infertility or diminish the likelihood of a successful outcome from IVF/ICSI. The severity of sperm chromosome aneuploidy appears to be proportional to the severity of abnormal semen quality: in particular, abnormal morphology. The high rates of aneuploidy in patients with severe ultrastructure defects suggest that caution should be employed in counseling those patients prior to IVF/ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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Carrell DT, Liu L, Peterson CM, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Erickson L, Campbell B. Sperm DNA fragmentation is increased in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Arch Androl 2003; 49:49-55. [PMID: 12647778 DOI: 10.1080/01485010290099390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that sperm quality may be related to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. This study evaluated the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL assay on sperm from 24 couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to sperm from 2 control groups: donors of known fertility and unscreened men from the general population. The percentage of sperm staining positive for DNA fragmentation was increased (p < .001) in the RPL group (38 +/- 4.2) compared to the donor (11.9 +/- 1.0) or general population (22 +/- 2.0) control groups. In the RPL group, no correlation was observed between semen quality parameters and the TUNEL data. These data indicate that some RPL patients have a significant increase of sperm DNA fragmentation, which may be causative of pregnancy loss in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Carrell
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Ebbs A, Pan F, Wynn C, Erickson L, Kobayashi M, Jiang H. Tacrolimus treats ongoing allograft rejection by inhibiting interleukin-10 mediated functional cytotoxic cell infiltration. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1378-81. [PMID: 12176404 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ebbs
- Fujisawa Research Institute of America, 1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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13
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Erickson L, Crews G, Pan F, Kobayashi M, Jiang H. Gene expression profiling of acute rejection and mixed lymphocyte reaction with tacrolimus immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1385-6. [PMID: 12176407 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Erickson
- Fujisawa Research Institute of America, Northwestern University/Evanston Research Park, 1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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14
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Wynn C, Pan F, Erickson L, Ebbs A, Kobayashi M, Jiang H. High level of TGF-beta in organ transplantation might be due to rejection rather than calcineurin inhibitor medication. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1387-9. [PMID: 12176408 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Wynn
- Fujisawa Research Institute of America, Northwestern University/Evanston Research Park, 1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Kendrick ML, Lloyd R, Erickson L, Farley DR, Grant CS, Thompson GB, Rowland C, Young WF, van Heerden JA. Adrenocortical carcinoma: surgical progress or status quo? Arch Surg 2001; 136:543-9. [PMID: 11343545 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.136.5.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has improved with the advent of more widely available and higher quality imaging. Operative management strategies and use of adjuvant therapy have not changed. DESIGN Retrospective review of patient histories, imaging studies, operative data, adjuvant therapy, and outcomes at a single institution. Follow-up was complete for a mean of 53 months. Data was compared with prior institutional experience. SETTING Tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS All patients undergoing operative management for ACC during the period from 1980 to 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Determinants of recurrence, survival, and the effect of adjuvant therapy on overall outcome. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (30 men, 28 women) with a mean age of 53 years underwent primary operative management for ACC. Functional tumors were identified in 27 patients (47%). Mean tumor size was 12.5 cm. Stage according to the TNM staging system (AJCC Cancer Staging Manual) at presentation was I (n = 0), II (n = 30), III (n = 7), and IV (n = 21). Surgical management included curative resection in 41 (71%), noncurative resection in 14 (24%), and open biopsy in 3 (5%). Perioperative mortality was 5%. Recurrence occurred in 30 patients (73%) with a median time to recurrence of 17 months. Five-year survival by the Kaplan-Meier method was 37%. Prognostic factors (P<.05) included functional status, stage, and chemotherapy in stage III/IV patients. When compared with our prior institutional experience (1960-1980), current patients were more likely to present with stages I to II (52% vs. 34%), have curative resections (71% vs. 50%), and have improved 5-year survival (37% vs. 16%). CONCLUSIONS (1) Surgical resection remains the principal treatment for stage I to III disease. (2) Adjuvant therapy may improve survival in patients with stage III or IV disease. (3) Current patients were more likely to present at an earlier stage, undergo curative resections, and have improved 5-year survival than institutional historical comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kendrick
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of patient assaults on emergency nurses and to explore nurses' attitudes about patient assaults. METHOD A convenience sample of ED nurses (N = 55) from 2 hospitals in the mid-south region of the United States was used. All subjects completed a 31-item questionnaire that assessed frequency of assaults and attitudes about patient assaults. RESULTS Eighty-two percent of nurses surveyed had been assaulted during their careers. In the preceding year, 56% of nurses had been assaulted; 29% of these assaults were unreported. The majority of nurses (73%) believed that being assaulted "goes with the job." Only 2 nurses (3.6%) felt safe from the possibility of patient assault at work "all of the time." DISCUSSION The high rate of patient assault and the subsequent underreporting of patient assault identified in our study are consistent with rates reported by other researchers. It is alarming that, although many of these other studies were conducted 10 or more years ago, the assault rates are nearly the same. Of the 45 nurses in this study who had been the victim of patient assaults, only 9 believed that reporting their assaults had been beneficial. Lack of support for nursing, whether it be from other nurses, management, the institution, or society, appears to be responsible for the vast underreporting of patient assaults. Nurses themselves are also unsure of how to proceed. Whereas 91% of the surveyed nurses stated that they believed they had a right to take legal action against an assaultive patient, only 65% stated that it was ethically appropriate and even less (33%) stated that they would actually press charges against an assaultive patient.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to elicit a better understanding of the presentation of acute appendicitis in pregnancy and to clarify diagnostic dilemmas reported in the literature. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed 66,993 consecutive deliveries from 1986 to 1995 by a computer program. Selected records were reviewed for gestational age; signs and symptoms at presentation; complications including preterm contractions, preterm labor, and appendiceal rupture; and histologic diagnosis of appendicitis. RESULTS Of 66, 993 deliveries, 67 (0.1%) were complicated by a preoperative diagnosis of probable appendicitis. Acute appendicitis was confirmed histologically in 45 (67%) of the 67 cases, for an incidence of 1 in 1493 pregnancies in this population. Distribution of suspected appendicitis in pregnancy was as follows: first trimester, 17 cases (25%); second trimester, 27 (40%); and third trimester, 23 (34%). Right-lower-quadrant pain was the most common presenting symptom regardless of gestational age (first trimester, 12 [86%] of 14 cases; second trimester, 15 [83%] of 18 cases; and third trimester, 10 [78%] of 13 cases). The mean maximal temperature for proven appendicitis was 37.6 degrees C (35.5 degrees C-39.4 degrees C), in comparison with 37.8 degrees C (36.7 degrees C-38.9 degrees C; not significant) for those with normal histologic findings. The mean leukocyte count in patients with proven appendicitis was 16.4 x 10(9)/L (8.2-27.0 x 10(9)/L), in comparison with 14.0 x 10(9)/L (5. 9-25.0 x 10(9)/L) for patients with normal histologic findings. At the time of surgery, perforation had occurred in 8 cases. Of 23 patients at > or =24 weeks' gestational age, 19 (83%) had contractions and an additional 3 patients (13%) had preterm labor with documented cervical change. One patient was delivered in the immediate postoperative period because of abruptio placentae. CONCLUSION Pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen is the most common presenting symptom of appendicitis in pregnancy regardless of gestational age. Fever and leukocytosis are not clear indicators of appendicitis in pregnancy and preterm labor is a problem after appendectomy, but preterm delivery is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mourad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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18
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Tuboly T, Yu W, Bailey A, Degrandis S, Du S, Erickson L, Nagy E. Immunogenicity of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike protein expressed in plants. Vaccine 2000; 18:2023-8. [PMID: 10706964 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic plants expressing recombinant proteins from pathogenic microorganisms provide an inexpensive edible vaccine for induction of local immunity. Three transgenic plant lines were generated expressing the spike (S) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a protein crucial for establishing mucosal immunity. All three of them were driven by a strong plant promoter. One construct contained the 3.7 kb 5' end of the native S gene sequence. In the second construct part of the S gene, from nucleotide 49 to 1785, was modified for optimal plant recognition and was fused to a plant signal peptide coding sequence. The third construct contained the D epitope-coding region of the S gene, from nucleotide 1201 to 1591, which was fused to the alfalfa beta-amylase gene. The S gene products were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Antigens from all three transgenic plant lines induced TGEV-specific immune responses in pigs as determined by virus neutralization and ELISA, and the resultant antibody titers for all three constructs were similar.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/immunology
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/prevention & control
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Vectors
- Neutralization Tests
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Plants, Toxic
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Swine
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/genetics
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/pathogenicity
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tuboly
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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19
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Carrell DT, Peterson CM, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Udoff LC, Cornwell CE, Thorp C, Kuneck P, Erickson L, Campbell B. A simplified coculture system using homologous, attached cumulus tissue results in improved human embryo morphology and pregnancy rates during in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999; 16:344-9. [PMID: 10459515 PMCID: PMC3455776 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020533711711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to evaluate simplified methods of human embryo coculture using either attached or nonattached autologous cumulus tissue. METHODS Eight hundred one zygotes were cultured for 48 hr in a prospective, randomized trial comparing culture of embryos either with intact cumulus tissue, with cumulus tissue added to the droplet of culture medium, or without any cumulus tissue. In a follow-up study, embryo quality, pregnancy rates, and implantation rates were compared in 120 consecutive patients undergoing in vitro fertilization with a coculture system using cumulus tissue compared to a cohort of 127 patients undergoing IVF immediately preceding the institution of the coculture protocol. RESULTS Embryo morphology was significantly improved (P < 0.05) following culture with attached cumulus tissue (5.61 +/- 0.29) and culture with added cumulus tissue (4.72 +/- 0.31) compared to that of embryos grown in culture medium without cumulus tissue (3.95 +/- 0.26). The clinical pregnancy rate improved from 39.4% (50/127) to 49.2% (59/120) following institution of a system of coculture with attached cumulus tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that a simple coculture system using autologous cumulus tissue can result in improved embryo morphology, implantation rates, and clinical pregnancy rates during in vitro fertilization. This coculture system is simple, is non-labor intensive, and eliminates many of the risks which may be present in other embryo coculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Carrell
- Division of Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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20
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Kerschbaum W, Erickson L. The elderly are rich in diversity, poor in oral care. Interview by Cathleen Terhune Alty, RDH. RDH 1999; 19:20-4, 63. [PMID: 10825902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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21
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Erickson L. The safety of proceed out policy questioned. J Emerg Nurs 1998; 24:485. [PMID: 9836848 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-1767(98)70070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Stockstill JW, Bowley JF, Dunning D, Spalding P, Stafford K, Erickson L. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children based on physical signs. ASDC J Dent Child 1998; 65:459-67, 438. [PMID: 9883320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are related to the function and integrity of the masticatory system with restricted jaw movement and/or joint clicking or crepitus, for example, dominating the clinical signs of these disorders. The prevalence of TMD signs was examined in non-patient children ages six to twelve (1994 n = 185, 1995 n = 237) by four examiners using standardized techniques. Of significance was the finding that 7.3 percent of the 1994 children had audible joint sounds, while the 1995 examination reported 3 percent. Statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) between the ages of the subjects and measurements of overbite (p < 0.0001), overjet (p < 0.01), and clicking (p < 0.005) were calculated from the 1994 data, while significant correlations for overbite (p < 0.001) and overjet (p < 0.01), but not clicking were found in the 1995 examination. One study of four- to six-year-old nonpatients reported a higher occurrence of joint sounds (48 percent). This disparity indicates a possible need for standardization of examination techniques specifically targeting joint sounds and their role in TM disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Stockstill
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
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23
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Abstract
To study complications and sequelae of serogroup B and C meningococcal disease, a retrospective survey examined the outcome of all culture-proven cases reported in the province of Quebec, Canada, from January 1990 through December 1994 (serogroup B, 167 cases; serogroup C, 304 cases). Data were collected from medical files, postal questionnaires, and telephone interviews. Age groups having the most cases were the 10-19-year age group for serogroup C and the < 1-year age group for serogroup B. Fatality rates were 7% for serogroup B and 14% for serogroup C disease. Only 3% of survivors of serogroup B disease had physical sequelae, compared with 15% of survivors of serogroup C disease (skin scars, 12%; amputations, 5%; hearing loss, 2%; renal problems, 1%; and other sequelae, 4%). These results confirm the gravity of disease caused by serogroup C, serotype 2a Neisseria meningitidis and justify liberal use of vaccination for outbreak control.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Erickson
- Department of Community Health Sciences of the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke University Hospital Clinical Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Cheville JC, Lloyd RV, Sebo TJ, Cheng L, Erickson L, Bostwick DG, Lohse CM, Wollan P. Expression of p27kip1 in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 1998; 11:324-8. [PMID: 9578081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p27kip1 (p27) protein is an inhibitor of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and prevents progression of cells from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. p27 might have tumor suppressor activity, and decreased p27 expression is associated with aggressive tumor behavior in several human malignancies. The object of this study was to evaluate p27 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy and to assess its association with numerous morphologic and clinical features. One hundred thirty-eight prostatic adenocarcinomas were evaluated for p27 expression by quantifying nuclear immunohistochemical staining. p27 expression was tested for association with patient age, family history of prostate cancer, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, lymph node metastases, tumor-node-metastasis stage, DNA ploidy by flow cytometric analysis, and subclinical biochemical failure. p27 expression was analyzed as a continuous variable, and we also classified the tumors as low expressors (< 50% of cells p27 positive) or high expressors (> 50% of cells p27 positive) for comparison. Patients with adenocarcinomas that exhibited low p27 expression had higher mean Gleason scores than did high expressors (7 vs. 6.2, respectively; P = .002). Low p27 expression correlated with positive surgical margins (P = .05), seminal vesicle involvement (P = .007), lymph node metastasis (P = .03), and aneuploid cancers (P = .003), but it did not correlate with subclinical biochemical failure. p27 expression correlated with a number of prognostic morphologic features in prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the evaluation of p27 expression might provide additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cheville
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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25
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Erickson L. Oral health promotion and prevention for older adults. Dent Clin North Am 1997; 41:727-50. [PMID: 9344275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An oral health promotion and prevention program customized to individual needs begins with a thorough assessment of function and risk profile for dental diseases. Toothbrushes and interproximal cleaners can be selected or adapted to meet special needs of older adults. Fluoride use based on caries risk is an important adjunct to any prevention program. Other preventive agents such as chlorhexidine rinses and xylitol gum supplement the program as risk factors increase or when health and disability limit the ability to effectively perform oral hygiene procedures. Oral cancer screening examination is advocated on a regular basis for all older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Erickson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA
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26
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Abstract
Genomic and cDNA clones have been isolated for a new gene (PO22) expressed in mature pollen of alfalfa. PO22 represents a single- or low-copy gene containing 4 introns, 2 transcriptional start sites, and coding for a predicted protein of 340 amino acids with no signal peptide and a coiled coil structure of 39 amino acids near the carboxyl end. The amino acid sequence of PO22 is 38% identical to that of an early nodule-specific gene (ENOD8), also from alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Abstract
PO149 is a low-copy-number gene expressed in the late stages of pollen development. The promoter region contains no similarities in DNA sequence to those of other pollen-specific genes, except for a tobacco sequence (AAATGA), which occurs four times in this alfalfa gene and much further upstream than in tobacco. Four distinct TATA boxes were detected in the promoter with the distal and proximal TATA boxes being separated by a spacer of 269 nucleotides. Hairpin loop structures were found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of PO149 mRNA. The coding region of PO149 is interrupted by two introns and encodes a putative prepeptide of 450 amino acids with homology to pollen pectate lyase-like proteins and pollen allergens. The coding region also contains sequences characteristic of both a signal peptide and a nuclear localization signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Ont., Canada
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28
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29
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Jalal SM, Dahl R, Erickson L, Zimmerman D, Lindor N. Cytogenetic and clinical characteristics of a case involving complete duplication of Xpter-->Xq13. J Med Genet 1996; 33:237-9. [PMID: 8728700 PMCID: PMC1051876 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
True isochromosomes for Xp probably do not exist in a liveborn. We describe a rare case of complete Xp duplication and retention of the inactivation centre at Xq13. Cytogenetically, it is described as a nonmosaic 46,X,psu idic(X)(q13). Complete duplication of Xpter-->Xq13 was confirmed by banded analysis and FISH probes for X centromere, Xp21, XIST locus, and whole chromosome paints for X and Y. The abnormal X was always late replicating. Clinically, the patient was short statured, had primary amenorrhoea, and incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics, but otherwise was phenotypically normal. There are no non-mosaic reported cases with complete duplication of i(Xp) confirmed by FISH or molecular techniques. Those cases with partial duplication of Xp and presence of the inactivation centre share the traits of amenorrhoea and poor secondary sexual development. To develop a clinical profile of duplication of Xp (in presence of Xq13) there is a need to study more cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jalal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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30
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Xia X, Du S, Erickson L. A moderately repetitive DNA sequence in alfalfa is transcribed in a floral-specific manner. Genome 1996; 39:9-16. [PMID: 8851794 DOI: 10.1139/g96-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on DNA sequence analysis of 5 clones of repetitive DNA from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we propose the existence of a dispersed middle repetitive element about 3400 bp long with a copy number in the range of 2-3 x 10(3) per haploid genome. The average A+T content of the sequences was 54.6%, compared with 61.4% for the alfalfa genome. Sequence homologies between overlapping regions of the clones ranged from 85 to 89.5% with an average of 86.6%; sequence divergence was due largely to single base pair changes, with deletions or insertions occurring randomly across sequences. An open reading frame (ORF) in one clone, RPE15, contained homologies to cereal prolamin genes and a legumin box was located upstream of the coding region. A Northern blot of RNA from various alfalfa tissues, probed with the above clone containing this ORF, showed an extensive heterodispersed pattern of hybridization in the late stages of flower bud development but in no other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xia
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
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31
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Ewoldsen N, Beatty MW, Erickson L, Feely D. Effects of enamel conditioning on bond strength with a restorative light-cured glass ionomer. J Clin Orthod 1995; 29:621-4. [PMID: 9063142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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Abstract
This paper describes Nebraska's six-year experience with a successful prevention program to form and maintain local drug-free youth groups. More than 4,500 youth were involved at the time of a six-year evaluation survey. Nearly 91% of group members who responded reported being alcohol-free in the previous 30 days and almost all (97%) reported being tobacco-free. Thirty-eight percent of members met one or more of the federal criteria for "high-risk" youth. Sixty-eight percent of responding high-risk youth who previously used alcohol credited group membership with helping them quit or reduce use. The program appears to assist in delaying onset of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use for youth in the program, and to assist in decreasing or eliminating use of alcohol and tobacco by adolescents who used before participating.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nelson-Simley
- Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Council of Nebraska, Lincoln 68508, USA
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33
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Pereira LF, Erickson L. Stable transformation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by particle bombardment. Plant Cell Rep 1995; 14:290-293. [PMID: 24186762 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1993] [Revised: 08/10/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable transformation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was obtained by particle bombardment of calli (derived from petiole and stem sections cultured for three weeks on SH medium), followed by delayed selection with 50 mg/l kanamycin on BOi2Y medium. Selection at a lower level of kanamycin (25 mg/l) in late stages of culture resulted only in escapes. Analysis of seven transgenic plants revealed that all were derived from one transformation event. Segregation of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene in test cross progeny followed a 1∶1 Mendelian ratio for a single locus insertion in a heterozygous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Pereira
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Du S, Erickson L, Bowley S. Effect of plant genotype on the transformation of cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Cell Rep 1994; 13:330-334. [PMID: 24193831 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/1993] [Revised: 01/04/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The trait for somatic embryogenesis is being introduced sexually into alfalfa (Medicago sativa) breeding populations to facilitate genetic transformation of this crop. Cocultivation experiments were conducted with an agronomically-improved embryogenic clone from one such population as well as with two other embryogenic clones, one of which was the source of the embryogenic trait in the breeding populations. Transgenic plants were produced from the agronomically-improved clone whereas none were produced from the other two clones. Among the 16 transgenic plants analyzed there was a range in both copy number and number of integration sites for the NPT-II gene; those plants regenerated after a prolonged selection phase in vitro generally had the highest numbers in both respects. There was no evidence of sectoral chimerism of the transgene in a subsample of transgenic plants analyzed by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Du
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, NIG 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Davidson JR, Kudler HS, Saunders WB, Erickson L, Smith RD, Stein RM, Lipper S, Hammett EB, Mahorney SL, Cavenar JO. Predicting response to amitriptyline in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1024-9. [PMID: 8317571 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.7.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relation between baseline clinical phenomena and response to amitriptyline in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD Data were obtained from an 8-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study of combat veterans. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to evaluate the relations between the following variables and outcome: age, depression, anxiety, severity of PTSD symptoms, personality, psychiatric comorbidity, level of exposure to trauma, and individual symptoms of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress. Outcome measures were scores on the Clinical Global Impression scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, and Impact of Event Scale. RESULTS Drug response was related to lower baseline levels of depression, neuroticism, combat intensity, anxious mood, impaired concentration, somatic symptoms, feelings of guilt, and one intrusion and four avoidance symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that response to amitriptyline is related to measures of depression, anxiety, PTSD, personality, and intensity of combat trauma. Similar relationships were not observed in the placebo group, suggesting a specific relationship to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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36
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Abstract
A DNA fragment of approximately 750 bp was cloned from EcoRI-digested nuclear DNA of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Southern blot and sequence analysis showed that the cloned DNA fragment represents a tetramer of a highly tandemly repeated DNA sequence of 185-188 bp (E180). The consensus sequence deduced from the four repeating units is 189 bp in length with an AT content of 67%. The copy number of the satellite DNA was estimated to be approximately 1.8 x 10(5) per genome and constitutes about 1% of the alfalfa genome. Sequence comparison revealed no identity to any repetitive DNA sequences that have been published to date. Digestion with HpaII and MspI indicated a high degree of methylation at the internal C of the restriction site CCGG within E180.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xia
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Ont., Canada
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37
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Blindauer KM, Erickson L, Mcelwee N, Sorenson G, Gren LH, Lyon JL. Age and smoking-adjusted lung cancer incidence in a Utah county with a steel mill. Arch Environ Health 1993; 48:184-90. [PMID: 8333790 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1993.9940819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study of urban air pollution, a Utah county with a steel mill was compared with a county without a steel mill. The result was that 38% of respiratory cancer deaths could be attributed to the air pollution emanating from the mill. Rates for smoking in this previous study were not adjusted, but assumed rats were similar in both counties. We used smoking information obtained from an ongoing radon and lung cancer case-control study to adjust for smoking, and no difference was found in incidence rates of respiratory cancer in the county with the steel mill, compared with the other urban counties and the rural counties among male and female nonsmokers and male smokers. There was a slight excess of lung cancer among female smokers in the county with the steel mill when compared with the other urban counties (rate ratio [RR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0-1.6), but there was no effect in nonsmoking women. We conclude that the findings of the previous study can be explained by differences in smoking rates between the county with the steel mill and the other counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Blindauer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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38
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39
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Abstract
The association of sternal fusion defects with various cardiac, diaphragmatic, and anterior body wall defects represents a developmental field complex that includes the Pentalogy of Cantrell and ectopia cordis. No familial cases have been reported previously. We present 3 consecutively born brothers with extensive diaphragmatic defects, 2 who had the Pentalogy of Cantrell. One of the 2 also had ectopia cordis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
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40
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Even C, Hu B, Erickson L, Plagemann PG. Correlation between levels of immunoglobulins and immune complexes in plasma of C57BL/6 and C57L/J mice infected with MAIDS retrovirus. Viral Immunol 1992; 5:39-50. [PMID: 1319170 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1992.5.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with helper-free, defective MAIDS murine leukemia virus (MuLV) caused a rapid polyclonal activation of B cells in 0.75-, 2-, and 6-month-old C57L/J mice (H-2b, Fv-1n/n), similar to that in C57BL/6 mice (H-2b, Fv-1b/b), which was recognized by elevated plasma immunoglobulin concentrations. However, changes in plasma immunoglobulin levels differed in C57BL/J and C57BL/6 mice. In C57L/J mice, infection resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgM and IgG2a, and the elevation of IgG2a persisted undiminished for 21 weeks. Levels of IgG2b also became slightly elevated, but those of IgG1 and IgG3 were not significantly affected. Plasma of 6 to 7-month-old C57BL/6 mice contained already high levels of IgM (30-40 mg/ml), which persisted undiminished in uninfected mice but decreased progressively in infected mice to 10% of the original concentration during 25 weeks of observation. In C57BL/6 mice, plasma IgG1 and IgG2b as well as IgG2a became similarly elevated after infection but also only transiently. Their levels began to decrease progressively about 10 weeks after infection and fell to far below the maximum concentration observed. The drastic loss of plasma IgM and IgGs observed in C57BL/6 mice during the later stages of MAIDS MuLV infection did not seem to be a consequence of the polyclonal activation of B cells per se but seemed to reflect additional immunological abnormalities arising in infected C57BL/6 but not C57L/J mice. In both mouse strains these changes in plasma Ig levels correlated with the formation of Ig-containing immune complexes that bound to high-affinity, protein-binding ELISA plates in the absence of antigen coating, which may represent unusual forms of self-antigen-antibody complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Even
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
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41
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Kuo LL, Harty JT, Erickson L, Palmer GA, Plagemann PG. A nested set of eight RNAs is formed in macrophages infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. J Virol 1991; 65:5118-23. [PMID: 1870216 PMCID: PMC248981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.65.9.5118-5123.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Total RNA was extracted from primary cultures of mouse macrophages isolated from 10-day-old mice 6 to 12 h postinfection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). Poly(A)+ RNA was extracted from spleens of 18-h LDV-infected mice. The RNAs were analyzed by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization with a number of LDV-specific cDNAs as probes. A cDNA representing the nucleocapsid protein (VP-1) gene located at the 3' terminus of the viral genome (E. K. Godeny, D. W. Speicher, and M. A. Brinton, Virology 177:768-771, 1990) hybridized to viral genomic RNA of about 13 kb plus seven subgenomic RNAs ranging in size from about 1 to about 3.6 kb. Two other cDNA clones hybridized only to the four or five largest subgenomic RNAs, respectively. In contrast, two cDNAs encoding continuous open reading frames with replicase and zinc finger motifs hybridized only to the genomic RNA. The replicase motif exhibited 75% amino acid identity to that of the 1b protein of equine arteritis virus (EAV) and 44% amino acid identity to those of the 1b proteins of coronaviruses and Berne virus. Combined, the results indicate that LDV replication involves formation of a 3'-coterminal-nested set of mRNAs as observed for coronaviruses and toroviruses as well as for EAV, with which LDV shares many other properties. Overall, LDV, like EAV, possesses a genome organization resembling that of the coronaviruses and toroviruses. However, EAV and LDV differ from the latter in the size of their genomes, virion size and structure, nature of the structural proteins, and symmetry of the nucleocapsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Kuo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455-0312
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42
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Abstract
Transfer of a mitochondrially associated plasmid following sexual crosses in Brassica napus rapeseed suggested that paternal mitochondria were being transferred to the cytoplasm of the egg. To examine this possibility further, plants carrying the chloroplast (cp) marker of triazine resistance, but which had lost the plasmid associated with the mitochondria of this cytoplasm, were crossed as females to males carrying the polima cytoplasm. The males carried a nuclear fertility restorer gene on an extra chromosome to overcome the male sterility marker conferred by the mitochondria of this cytoplasm. Approximately 10% of the F1 progeny displayed the male sterility and flower morphology of the male parent. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from the progeny showed the combined restriction patterns of both parents, but this mt heterogeneity did not continue into subsequent generations. All progeny retained the cp DNA restriction patterns of the maternal plant as well as resistance to the herbicide atrazine. To date, sexually mediated cybrid plants have shown no morphological abnormalities and have maintained their unique combination of cp and mt traits through several sexual generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Erickson
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Allelix Crop Technologies, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Saxon AJ, Calsyn DA, Haver VM, Erickson L. A nationwide survey of urinalysis practices of methadone maintenance clinics. Utilization of laboratory services. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990; 114:94-100. [PMID: 2294873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The urinalysis practices of 324 methadone maintenance clinics were surveyed by using a brief self-report questionnaire. Results indicated that there was a wide variability in collection practices and utilization of laboratory techniques. The most frequent collection schedules were monthly (40%) and weekly (32%). The most frequent laboratory techniques used for initial screening were thin-layer chromatography and enzyme immunoassay. Confirmatory testing by a second technique was used by 69% of the laboratories. The most popular confirmatory techniques used were thin-layer chromatography, enzyme immunoassay, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The geographic differences in urinalysis practices also were noted. The implications for drug abuse treatment were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Saxon
- Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, WA 98108
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44
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Kudler HS, Davidson JR, Stein R, Erickson L. Measuring results of treatment of PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:1645-6. [PMID: 2686479 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.146.12.aj146121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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45
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Sanjak M, Paulson D, Sufit R, Reddan W, Beaulieu D, Erickson L, Shug A, Brooks BR. Physiologic and metabolic response to progressive and prolonged exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 1987; 37:1217-20. [PMID: 3601086 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.37.7.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical work capacity in 35 ALS patients and 6 untrained controls was evaluated during progressive bicycle ergometry. In the ALS patients, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and work capacity (Wmax) drop in relation to the decrease in ALS functional score. However, the oxygen cost (ml O2/kpm) of submaximal exercise was significantly increased. Prolonged submaximal exercise tests in six ALS patients and six matched untrained controls indicated that the exercise-induced increase in plasma free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, esterified carnitine, and muscle esterified carnitine was significantly retarded in ALS patients.
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46
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Sufit R, Clough JA, Schram M, Conrad J, Erickson L, Brooks BR. Isokinetic assessment in ALS. Neurol Clin 1987; 5:197-212, v. [PMID: 11681399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Three measures of lower extremity function were compared in a homogenous population of ALS patients. Isokinetic dynamometry was shown to be a sensitive tool for change in strength over time. It demonstrated positive correlations with gait velocity as well as other behavioral measures. Manual muscle tests were relatively insensitive and no more reliable than isokinetics. Isokinetics are a useful adjunct in the assessment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sufit
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison 53792, USA
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47
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Beaulieu DA, Erickson L, Williams A, Sufit RL, Brooks BR. Intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: autonomic effects. Neurol Clin 1987; 5:269-90, vi. [PMID: 11681403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oral and skin temperature changes following intravenous administration of TRH occur at lower infusion rates in patients with ALS and bulbar involvement than in patients with ALS without bulbar involvement. This autonomic sensitivity to TRH infusion is characteristic of a more advanced stage of ALS with difficulties in speaking and swallowing. Patients who will be receiving neuropeptides, such as TRH, must be carefully studied to determine whether subclinical bulbar involvement is present. Such patients may require a lower initial dose or dose rate adjustment as well as continual monitoring during neuropeptide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Beaulieu
- Neurology Department, University of Wisconsin School of Nursing, Madison, USA
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48
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Beaulieu D, Erickson L, Williams A, Sufit R, Brooks B. Intravenous Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Autonomic Effects. Neurol Clin 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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49
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Jone C, Erickson L, Trosko JE, Chang CC. Effect of biological toxins on gap-junctional intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 1987; 3:1-15. [PMID: 3507245 DOI: 10.1007/bf00117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since chemical modulation of gap-junctional intercellular communication has been implicated in several toxicological endpoints, a study to examine the ability of several biological toxins to inhibit this process was undertaken. Eight biological toxins were tested for their ability to inhibit metabolic cooperation, a measure of gap-junctional intercellular communication, in the Chinese V79 cell system. Aplysiatoxin, anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin showed the strongest ability to inhibit metabolic cooperation while T2-toxin and vomitoxin inhibited metabolic cooperation to a lesser degree. Aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2 and palytoxin were inactive in the Chinese V79 system. Palytoxin, which was extremely cytotoxic, might act as a tumor promoter if it induces compensatory hyperplasia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jone
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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50
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Williams JM, Stout JK, Erickson L. Comparison of the importance of Alcoholics Anonymous and outpatient counseling to maintenance of sobriety among alcohol abusers. Psychol Rep 1986; 58:803-6. [PMID: 3726032 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
36 alcohol abusers who had attended outpatient counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous were asked to rate the importance of outpatient counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous to their maintenance of sobriety. They also reported the number of outpatient and Alcoholics Anonymous sessions they attended in the last 90 days. Alcoholics Anonymous was rated significantly higher in importance to maintenance of sobriety by participants with above median days (160 days) of sobriety than those with below median days of sobriety or than outpatient counseling by those with below or above median days of sobriety. A significant, positive correlation of .79 between attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous and days of sobriety was found.
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