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Evans BR, Beck AG, Yeung L, Li A, Lee DH, Bateman KP, Chopra G. Automated Bioanalytical Workflow for Ligand Binding-Based Pharmacokinetic Assay Development. Anal Chem 2024; 96:488-495. [PMID: 38156369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The growth of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continues to accelerate due to their success as treatments for many diseases. As new therapeutics are developed, it is increasingly important to have robust bioanalytical methods to measure the pharmacokinetics (PK) of circulating therapeutic mAbs in serum. Ligand-binding assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-IDs) targeting the variable regions of the therapeutic antibody are sensitive and specific bioanalytical methods to measure levels of therapeutic antibodies in a biological matrix. However, soluble circulating drug mAb targets can interfere with the anti-IDs binding to the therapeutic mAb, thereby resulting in an underestimation of total drug concentration. Therefore, in addition to a high binding affinity for the mAb, the selection of anti-IDs and the assay format that are not impacted by soluble antigens and have low matrix interference is essential for developing a robust PK assay. Standardized automated approaches to screen and select optimal reagents and assay formats are critical to increase efficiency, quality, and PK assay robustness. However, there does not exist an integrated screening and analysis platform to develop robust PK assays across multiple formats. We have developed an automated workflow and scoring platform with multiple bioanalytical assay parameters that allow for ranking of candidate anti-IDs. A primary automated indirect electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was utilized to shortlist the anti-IDs that were selected for labeling and screening in pairs. A secondary screen using an ECL sandwich assay with labeled-anti-ID pairings was used to test multiple PK assay formats to identify the best anti-ID pairing/PK assay format. We developed an automated assay using fixed plate maps combined with a human-guided graphical user interface-based scoring system and compared it to a data-dependent scoring system using Gaussian mixture models for automated scoring and selection. Our approach allowed for screening of anti-IDs and identification of the most robust PK assay format with significantly reduced time and resources compared with traditional approaches. We believe that such standardized, automated, and integrated platforms that accelerate the development of PK assays will become increasingly important for supporting future human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad R Evans
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Company Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Armen G Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Company Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Annie Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Company Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Company Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Company Incorporated, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Computer Science (by Courtesy), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institutes for Drug Discovery, Integrative Neuroscience, Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Chou R, Yeung L, Letarte S, Yang RS, Li X, Beaumont M, Gunawan R, Richardson D, Dellatore S, Woolf E, Xu Y. A Tiered Approach for Characterization to Ensure Quality, Reproducibility, and Long-Term Stability of Critical Reagents in Regulated Bioanalysis to Support PK/ADA/NAb Assays for Biologics and Vaccines Programs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1310-1317. [PMID: 33344904 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The robustness of good laboratory practice and clinical data is reliant upon a clear understanding of the bioanalytical assays. One of the most important components of ligand-binding based assays is critical reagents used to directly or indirectly measure biologic markers or signals. High quality, reproducible, sustainable critical reagents through the development lifecycle could avoid unnecessary rework, multiple validations, cross-validations, and ensure consistency of the data. Numerous analytical methods (UPLC-size exclusion chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, biacore/octet, and high-resolution mass spectrometry) have been evaluated by using current critical reagents. A comprehensive analytical toolbox of biochemical and biophysical methods has been employed to evaluate the quality of critical reagents and explore potential issues if there are any. Moving forward, this "tiered approach" of critical reagents characterization will be used not only to establish critical quality attributes for new reagents but also to evaluate stability in support of reagents recertification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Regulated Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Chou
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lai Yeung
- Regulated Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Simon Letarte
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Rong-Sheng Yang
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- Discovery Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rico Gunawan
- Biologics Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Regulated Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric Woolf
- Regulated Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- Regulated Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Alibhai S, Jung P, Rowbottom L, Yokom D, Syed A, Alam Z, Malik U, Yeung L, Ayala A, Reka R, Puts M, Hudson J. DELIRIUM INCIDENCE, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT IN OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY: AN UPDATED SCOPING REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Helou J, Thibault I, Yeung L, Poon I, Tjong M, Chiang A, Jain S, Soliman H, Cheung P. Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Pulmonary Oligometastases and Oligoprogression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thibault I, Poon I, Yeung L, Erler D, Kim A, Keller B, Lochray F, Jain S, Soliman H, Cheung P. Predictive factors for local control in primary and metastatic lung tumours after four to five fraction stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy: a single institution's comprehensive experience. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:713-9. [PMID: 25085765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We report the outcomes of a large lung stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) programme for primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pulmonary metastases. The primary study aim was to identify factors predictive for local control. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 311 pulmonary tumours in 254 patients were treated between 2008 and 2011 with SABR using 48-60 Gy in four to five fractions. Local, regional and distant failure data were collected prospectively, whereas other end points were collected retrospectively. Potential clinical and dosimetric predictors of local control were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of the 311 tumours, 240 were NSCLC and 71 were other histologies. The 2 year local control rate was 96% in stage I NSCLC, 76% in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases and 91% in non-lung/non-CRC metastases. Predictors of better local control on multivariate analysis were non-CRC tumours and a larger proportion of the planning target volume (PTV) receiving ≥100% of the prescribed dose (higher PTV V100). Among the 45 CRC metastases, a higher PTV V100 and previous chemotherapy predicted for better local control. CONCLUSIONS Lung SABR of 48-60 Gy/four to five fractions resulted in high local control rates for all tumours except CRC metastases. Covering more of the PTV with the prescription dose (a higher PTV V100) also resulted in superior local control.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thibault
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I Poon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Erler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Keller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Lochray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - H Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Cheung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Thibault I, Poon I, Erler D, Kim A, Keller B, Yeung L, Jain S, Soliman H, Lochray F, Cheung P. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Pulmonary Metastases: Analysis of Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Local Control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cheema P, Gavura S, Migus M, Godman B, Yeung L, Trudeau M. International variability in the reimbursement of cancer drugs by publically funded drug programs. Curr Oncol 2012; 19:e165-76. [PMID: 22670106 PMCID: PMC3364777 DOI: 10.3747/co.19.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate inter-country variability in the reimbursement of publically funded cancer drugs, and identify factors such as cost containment measures that may contribute to variability. METHODS As of February 28, 2010, licensed indications for 10 cancer drugs (bevacizumab, bortezomib, cetuximab, erlotinib, imatinib, pemetrexed, rituximab, sorafenib, sunitinib, and trastuzumab) were obtained from the drug registries of 6 licensing authorities corresponding to 13 countries or regions: Australia, Canada (Ontario), England, Finland, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and the United States (Medicare Parts B and D). Number of licensed indications reimbursed by public payers and the use of cost containment measures were obtained by survey of health authorities involved in reimbursement and through public documents. RESULTS The 48 identified licensed indications varied between agencies (range: 36-44 indications). Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States reimbursed the highest percentage of indications (range: 90%-100%). Canada (54%), Australia (46%), Scotland (40%), England (38%), and New Zealand (25%) reimbursed the least. All 5 countries with the lowest rate of reimbursement incorporated a cost-effectiveness analysis into reimbursement decisions and rejected submissions for reimbursement mainly because of lack of cost effectiveness; in New Zealand, lack of cost effectiveness was the second leading cause of rejection after excessive cost. In 9 countries, risk-sharing agreements were used to contain costs. Indications initially not recommended for reimbursement (9 in Australia, 5 in Canada, and 3 in England, New Zealand, and Scotland) were subsequently approved with risk-sharing agreements or special pricing arrangements. CONCLUSIONS Reimbursement of publically funded cancer drugs varies globally. The cause is multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.K. Cheema
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON
| | | | - M. Migus
- Deeth Williams Wall, LLP, Toronto, ON
| | - B. Godman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Yeung
- Deeth Williams Wall, LLP, Toronto, ON
| | - M.E. Trudeau
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON
- Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre/Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
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Miraflor E, Yeung L, Garcia A, Victorino G. Phosphatidylserine Signaling Mediates Organ Dysfunction During Sepsis in Rats. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Miraflor E, Yeung L, Garcia A, Victorino G. Despite Endovascular Options, Open Surgical Skills are Still Necessary for the Treatment of Traumatic Vascular Injuries. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosser CJ, Nakamura K, Pendleton J, Anal S, Chang M, Kasraelan A, Yeung L. Utility of serial urinalyses and urinary cytology in the evaluation of patients with microscopic haematuria. West Afr J Med 2011; 29:384-7. [PMID: 21465445 DOI: 10.4314/wajm.v29i6.68266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serial urinalyses have been advocated when haematuria is suspected. OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of serial urinalyses and urinary cytology in patients presenting for evaluation of microscopic haematuria. METHODS Eighty-five patients with the diagnosis of microscopic haematuria were evaluated at a tertiary-care hospital. All patients had a comprehensive urologic evaluation. Clinic and hospital records were reviewed for key factors (e.g., demographic, pathology, radiologic findings and operative findings). RESULTS One hundred ninety total urinalyses were reviewed. Eighty-eight (46%) urinalyses were classified as normal, 87 (46%) as haematuria (> 3 RBC/hpf), and 15 (8%) as pyuria/ bacteriuria. The initial urinalysis detected haematuria in 95% of the patients. The addition of the second and third urinalyses detected haematuria in the remaining 5% of the patients with haematuria. Aetiologic factors for microscopic haematuria include urolithiasis 15 (18%), infection 9 (11%) and bladder lesion/tumor 6 (7%). In this setting of microscopic haematuria, urinary cytology was not able to detect any of the five documented bladder tumors. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a negative haematuria evaluation. CONCLUSION In the evaluation of the patient with microscopic haematuria, serial urinalyses may have a low yield. Further prospective studies are needed to further evaluate serial urinalyses in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Rosser
- Division of Urology, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Strumwasser A, Chu E, Miraflor E, Yeung L, Sadjadi J, Victorino G. Thoracic Computed Tomography Is An Effective Screening Modality In Patients With Penetrating Injuries To The Chest. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Strumwasser A, Cureton E, Cripps M, Miraflor E, Yeung L, Curran B, Sadjadi J, Larkin S, Kuypers F, Victorino G. Inhibition Of Scramblase-1 Attenuates Endothelial Fluid Loss During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeung L, Kwan R, Strumwasser A, Cureton E, Dozier K, Miraflor E, Sadjadi J, Victorino G. Ultrasound Measurement Of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Estimation Of Intracranial Pressure In Adult Trauma Patients. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Strumwasser A, Cureton E, Yeung L, Miraflor E, Curran B, Sadjadi J, Victorino G. Angiotensin II Mediates Microvascular Permeability Via Differential Activity Of The At1 And At2 Subtype Receptors. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cheema PK, Gavura S, Godman B, Yeung L, Trudeau ME. Global variations in reimbursement of new cancer therapeutics: Improving access through risk-sharing agreements. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Han K, Basran P, Erler D, Lochray F, Yeung L, Poon I, Cheung P. 16 A COMPARISON OF TWO IMMOBILIZATION SYSTEMS FOR STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY (SBRT) OF LUNG TUMOURS. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kokame GT, Yeung L, Lai JC. Continuous anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 6-month results. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 94:297-301. [PMID: 19726427 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.150029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang NK, Chen YP, Lai CC, Chen TL, Yang KJ, Kuo YH, Chao AN, Wu WC, Chen KJ, Hwang YS, Yeung L, Liu L. Paediatric retinal detachment: comparison of high myopia and extreme myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 93:650-5. [PMID: 19098036 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.145920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the clinical features and surgical outcomes of paediatric retinal detachment (RD) in high myopia and extreme myopia. METHODS The clinical charts of 107 children who experienced RD and had a spherical equivalent (SE) of at least 6.00 dioptres (D) were reviewed. The patients were separated into a high myopia group (SE -6.0 to -10.0 D) and extreme myopia group (SE >-10.0 D). RD characteristics and outcomes were compared between these two groups. RESULTS There were significant differences between the two groups in total RD (p<0.001), the presence of posterior staphyloma (p<0.001) and some types of breaks. More eyes in the extreme myopia group required vitrectomy after the initial RD repair. In the high myopia group, retinal reattachment was achieved in 79 eyes (97.5%) at the end of the intervention, whereas in the extreme myopia group, retinal reattachment was achieved in 22 eyes (73.3%). Multiple logistic regression showed that a higher refractive error was the only negative predictor of surgical outcome (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Due to differences in aetiologies, clinical characteristics, required surgical procedure after initial repair, surgical and functional outcomes, paediatric RD with extreme myopia should be addressed differently from paediatric RD with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-K Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
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Soliman H, Cheung P, Yeung L, Poon I, Balogh J, Barbera L, Spayne J, Danjoux C, Dahele M, Ung Y. Accelerated Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Long Term Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Trudeau ME, Yeung L, Iyer R, Hertz S, Gavura S, Sawka C. Trends in trastuzumab utilization in Ontario: A single payer system. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Parish CA, Smith SK, Calati K, Zink D, Wilson K, Roemer T, Jiang B, Xu D, Bills G, Platas G, Peláez F, Díez MT, Tsou N, McKeown AE, Ball RG, Powles MA, Yeung L, Liberator P, Harris G. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Parnafungins, Antifungal Natural Products that Inhibit mRNA Polyadenylation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7060-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711209p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Parish
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott K. Smith
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathleen Calati
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Zink
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Terry Roemer
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bo Jiang
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deming Xu
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald Bills
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Platas
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Peláez
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Díez
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Tsou
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arlene E. McKeown
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Ann Powles
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lai Yeung
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Liberator
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guy Harris
- Natural Products Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, and Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y8, Canada, and CIBE, Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España, S. A. Josefa Valcárcel, Madrid, Spain
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Yip GWK, Wang M, Wang T, Chan S, Fung JWH, Yeung L, Yip T, Lau ST, Lau CP, Tang MO, Yu CM, Sanderson JE. The Hong Kong diastolic heart failure study: a randomised controlled trial of diuretics, irbesartan and ramipril on quality of life, exercise capacity, left ventricular global and regional function in heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Heart 2008; 94:573-80. [PMID: 18208835 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heart failure with a preserved or normal ejection fraction (HFNEF or diastolic heart failure) is common, treatment outcomes on quality of life and cardiac function are lacking. The effect of renin-angiotensin blockade by irbesartan or ramipril in combination with diuretics on quality of life (QoL), regional and global systolic and diastolic function was assessed in HFNEF patients. METHODS 150 patients with HFNEF (LVEF >45%) were randomised to (1) diuretics alone, (2) diuretics plus irbesartan, or (3) diuretics plus ramipril. QoL, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Doppler echocardiography were performed at baseline, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. RESULTS The QoL score improved similarly in all three groups by 52 weeks (-46%, 51%, and 50% respectively, all p<0.01), although 6MWT increased only slightly (average +3-6%). Recurrent hospitalisation rates were equal in all groups (10-12% in 1 year). At 1 year, LV dimensions or LVEF had not changed in any group, though both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowered in all three groups from 4 weeks onwards. At baseline both mean peak systolic (Sm) and early diastolic (Em) mitral annulus velocities were reduced, and increased slightly in the diuretic plus irbesartan (Sm 4.5 (SEM 0.17) to 4.9 (SEM 0.16) cm/sec; Em 3.8 (SEM 0.25) to 4.2 (SEM 0.25) cm/sec) and ramipril (Sm 4.5 (SEM 0.24) to 4.9 (SEM 0.20) cm/sec; Em 3.3 (SEM 0.25) to 4.04 (SEM 0.32) cm/sec) groups (both p<0.05). NT-pro-BNP levels were raised at baseline (595 (SD 905) pg/ml; range 5-4748) and fell in the irbesartan (-124 (SD 302) pg/ml, p = 0.01) and ramipril (-173 (SD 415) pg/ml, p = 0.03) groups only. CONCLUSIONS In this typically elderly group of HF patients with normal LVEF, diuretic therapy significantly improved symptoms and neither irbesartan nor ramipril had a significant additional effect. However, diuretics in combination with irbesartan or ramipril marginally improved LV systolic and diastolic longitudinal LV function, and lowered NT-proBNP over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W K Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
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23
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Diaz CA, Allocco J, Powles MA, Yeung L, Donald RGK, Anderson JW, Liberator PA. Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG): Antiparasitic activity of a PKG inhibitor☆. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006; 146:78-88. [PMID: 16325279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) has been biochemically and genetically validated in Toxoplasma gondii as a primary target responsible for the antiparasitic activity of the trisubstituted pyrrole 4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methylpiperidine-4-yl)-1H pyrrol-3-yl] pyridine (Compound 1) [Biftu T, Feng D, Ponpipom M, et al. Synthesis and SAR of 2,3-diarylpyrrole inhibitors of parasite cGMP-dependent protein kinase as novel anticoccidial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005;15:3296-301; Gurnett AM, Liberator PA, Dulski PM, et al. Purification and molecular characterization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase from Apicomplexan parasites. A novel chemotherapeutic target. J Biol Chem 2002;277:15913-22; Donald RGK, Allocco J, Singh SB, et al. Toxoplasma gondii cyclic GMP-dependent kinase: Chemotherapeutic targeting of an essential parasite protein kinase. Eukaryotic Cell 2002;1:317-28; Nare B, Allocco J, Liberator PA, Donald RGK. Evaluation of a cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor in treatment of murine Toxoplasmosis: Gamma interferon is required for efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:300-7]. Compound 1 inhibits the growth of several related protozoan parasites of the subphylum Apicomplexa. Native PKG activity has been partially purified by cGMP-affinity and MonoQ ion exchange chromatography from Plasmodium falciparum (PfPKG). Biochemical fractions enriched for a 98kDa protein detected using anti-PKG antisera, contain cGMP-induced protein kinase activity that is sensitive to inhibition by Compound 1. To enable a more thorough characterization of PfPKG we expressed a synthetic cDNA incorporating T. gondii codon preference (Pf(Tg)PKG) in T. gondii parasites. The protein kinase activity of purified recombinant Pf(Tg)PKG is stimulated by cGMP, with significant cooperativity as demonstrated by a Hill coefficient of 2. Both substrate preference and inhibition of Pf(Tg)PKG kinase activity by Compound 1 are similar to that seen with native PfPKG, as well as PKG enzymes from Eimeria spp. and T. gondii. We conclude that PfPKG has biochemical and pharmacological properties that are similar to previously characterized apicomplexan PKG enzymes. Compound 1 is active against blood cell stages of P. falciparum cultured in vitro. In a Plasmodium berghei mouse model of infection, Compound 1 delays the onset of parasitemia but does not cure the parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Diaz
- Department of Human and Animal Infectious Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Zerr DM, Gooley TA, Yeung L, Huang ML, Carpenter P, Wade JC, Corey L, Anasetti C. Human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and encephalitis in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:763-71. [PMID: 11512080 DOI: 10.1086/322642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2000] [Revised: 01/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether receipt of an investigational anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (BC3) increased the risk of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation and development of encephalitis in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, persons who had and had not received BC3 were compared. Odds of HHV-6 reactivation were higher among BC3 recipients than among control patients (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.7). In addition, BC3 recipients were more likely than control patients to develop encephalitis (risk ratio [RR], 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3-9.5), and this association followed a BC3 dose-dependent relationship (P=.03, by Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test). In a multivariable model, HHV-6 reactivation and receipt of BC3 were associated with increased risk of encephalitis (RR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.9-15.3, and RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2-9.1, respectively). In conclusion, both HHV-6 reactivation and receipt of BC3 for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease independently increased the risk of encephalitis in allogeneic BMT recipients. Prospective studies to better define the relationship between HHV-6 reactivation and encephalitis in allogeneic BMT recipients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Zerr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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25
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Sanderson JE, Haines CJ, Yeung L, Yip GW, Tang K, Yim SF, Jorgensen LN, Woo J. Anti-ischemic action of estrogen-progestogen continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with established angina pectoris: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 38:372-83. [PMID: 11486242 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200109000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of treating postmenopausal women with established cardiovascular disease with combined estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is controversial. This study investigated the effect of treatment with estradiol and norethisterone acetate on exercise tolerance and on the frequency and severity of ischemic attacks in postmenopausal women with stable angina pectoris. A total of 74 Chinese women were recruited for this 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They were randomly allocated into two groups; one group received placebo/placebo/placebo and the other group received placebo/estrogen-progestogen/placebo. Estrogen-progestogen continuous combined HRT increased both time to 1-mm ST depression (99.1 s, p < 0.05) compared with a mean decrease of 22.9 s with placebo (p < 0.05), and total exercise duration also showed a significant increase (32.7 s, p < 0.05) after treatment compared with placebo (2.5 s, p < 0.05). In addition, the total number of ischemic events/24 h during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring decreased by 0.82 events after treatment (p < 0.05) compared with an increase in the placebo group (0.94), a highly significant difference (p = 0.006). These results suggest that the administration of this particular combined hormone replacement preparation may have a beneficial effect on myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women with established coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Sanderson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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26
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Lund A, Udd B, Juvonen V, Andersen PM, Cederquist K, Davis M, Gellera C, Kölmel C, Ronnevi LO, Sperfeld AD, Sörensen SA, Tranebjaerg L, Van Maldergem L, Watanabe M, Weber M, Yeung L, Savontaus ML. Multiple founder effects in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy disease) around the world. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:431-6. [PMID: 11436124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2001] [Revised: 03/22/2001] [Accepted: 03/22/2001] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SBMA (spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy), also called Kennedy disease, is an X-chromosomal recessive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by death of the spinal and bulbar motor neurones and dorsal root ganglia. Patients may also show signs of partial androgen insensitivity. SBMA is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the X-chromosome. Our previous study suggested that all the Nordic patients with SBMA originated from an ancient Nordic founder mutation, but the new intragenic SNP marker ARd12 revealed that the Danish patients derive their disease chromosome from another ancestor. In search of relationships between patients from different countries, we haplotyped altogether 123 SBMA families from different parts of the world for two intragenic markers and 16 microsatellites spanning 25 cM around the AR gene. The fact that different SBMA founder haplotypes were found in patients from around the world implies that the CAG repeat expansion mutation has not been a unique event. No expansion-prone haplotype could be detected. Trinucleotide diseases often show correlation between the repeat length and the severity and earlier onset of the disease. The longer the repeat, the more severe the symptoms are and the onset of the disease is earlier. A negative correlation between the CAG repeat length and the age of onset was found in the 95 SBMA patients with defined ages at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lund
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Finland.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dopamine antagonists in accommodation of the human eye. The dopamine antagonist drugs used in this experiment include 0.5% metoclopramide and 0.25% droperidol. Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled; they were randomly assigned, in double-masked fashion, to receive topical administration of a single drop of either 0.5% metoclopramide or 0.25% droperidol in one eye, with the fellow eye receiving isotonic saline as control. The accommodative abilities of both eyes were measured before instillation, and also at 3 and 6 hr after instillation of drugs, respectively. We studied the latency of reaction, the rate of accommodation, the average accommodative power, the rate of recovering and the total recovering time as the five parameters for evaluating the accommodative ability of each eye. The results showed that there were significant changes in two parameters: the rate of accommodation and rate of recovering, whereas there were no significant changes in the other three parameters: latency of accommodation, average power of accommodation and total recovering time. In conclusion, the dopamine antagonists may have some effects on the rate of accommodation but not the degree of accommodation. Further studies with higher concentrations of these dopamine antagonists on dose-response relationships are needed before exact drug efficacy can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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30
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To devise a neurophysiologic strategy to select X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy syndrome (CMTX) families for connexin 32 mutation screening. BACKGROUND Once the common chromosome 17 DNA duplication (CMT1A syndrome) has been excluded, clinical features are not sufficiently distinctive to select which of three genes (PMP22, Po, or connexin 32) should be screened for mutations. DESIGN The yield of connexin 32 mutations was compared in possible CMTX families with clinical and genetic features of CMTX and probable CMTX families, defined by additional characteristic neurophysiologic features of CMTX. Of 232 CMT families with median motor nerve conduction velocities below 50 m/second (s) in affected men, 50 were found to have no CMT1A duplication and a pattern of inheritance compatible with CMTX (no man-to-man inheritance of CMT). These families were divided into 23 probable CMTX families (defined as having electrophysiologic indicators of CMTX), 23 possible CMTX families (with no neurophysiologic features of CMTX), and five unlikely CMTX families (with normal brainstem evoked auditory potentials [BAEPs]). RESULTS The yield of mutations in the whole group was 25 mutations in 51 families (50%). Most probable CMTX families (21 of 23; 91%) had connexin 32 coding region mutations. Included in this group were 14 families with obligate female carriers; 11 of these had intermediate conduction velocities (>42 m/s) and nine (81%) had connexin 32 mutations. Only 3 of 23 (13%) possible CMTX families had connexin 32 mutations. One of five families with normal BAEPs in affected men had a connexin 32 mutation, and one had a Po Ala112Val mutation. Seventeen different mutations were found among 24 families, including 10 previously undescribed mutations (Leu9Trp, Ile28Thr, Ile30Thr, Ile127Met, Leu131Pro, Tyr154 stop, Pro158Ala, one base deletion of codon 158 causing stop at codon 195, Val192Phe, and Leu239Ile). CONCLUSIONS The yield of connexin 32 mutations can be increased from approximately 6% of all CMT type I families to 91% of nonduplicated nondominant families with characteristic electrophysiologic changes of CMTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Nicholson
- Clinical Sciences Building, Concord Hospital, NSW, Australia
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Forrest SM, Knight M, Delatycki MB, Paris D, Williamson R, King J, Yeung L, Nassif N, Nicholson GA. The correlation of clinical phenotype in Friedreich ataxia with the site of point mutations in the FRDA gene. Neurogenetics 1998; 1:253-7. [PMID: 10732799 DOI: 10.1007/s100480050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most cases of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are due to expansions of a GAA trinucleotide repeat sequence in the FRDA gene coding for frataxin, a protein of poorly understood function which may regulate mitochondrial iron transport. However, between 1% and 5% of mutations are single base changes in the sequence of the FRDA gene, causing missense, nonsense, or splicing mutations. We describe three new mutations, IVS4nt2 (T to G), R165C, and L182F, which occur in patients in association with GAA expansions. These cases, and a further five reported cases of point mutations causing FRDA, demonstrate that splicing, nonsense, or initiation codon mutations (which cause a complete absence of functional frataxin) are associated with a severe phenotype. Missense mutations, even in highly evolutionally conserved amino acids, may cause a mild or severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Forrest
- Murdoch Institute for Research into Birth Defects, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Hosler BA, Nicholson GA, Sapp PC, Chin W, Orrell RW, de Belleroche JS, Esteban J, Hayward LJ, Mckenna-Yasek D, Yeung L, Cherryson AK, Dench JE, Wilton SD, Laing NG, Horvitz HR, Brown RH. Three novel mutations and two variants in the gene for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuromuscul Disord 1996; 6:361-6. [PMID: 8938700 DOI: 10.1016/0960-8966(96)00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant inheritance is exhibited by about 10% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a paralytic disorder characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. A subgroup of these familial cases are linked to mutations in the gene which codes for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). We report three additional mutations occurring in the SOD1 gene in ALS patients and two single base pair variant changes. The single base pair change in an ALS family causes a glycine 93 to valine substitution, which is the fifth distinct amino acid change reported for the glycine 93 residue. One missense mutation in exon 5 would substitute neutral valine for the negatively-charged aspartate 124 (aspartate 124 to valine). An individual with an apparently sporadic case of ALS carries a three base pair deletion in exon 5 of the SOD1 gene. These three mutations bring to 38 the total number of distinct SOD1 mutations associated with familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Hosler
- Cecil B. Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the combined application of preoperative localization and intraoperative monitoring of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels could facilitate safe outpatient parathyroidectomy. DESIGN Consecutive patients, who had no antecedent social or medical conditions mandating hospitalization, were prospectively offered ambulatory parathyroidectomy with a mean follow-up of 7 months (range, 1-25 months). SETTING Tertiary care referral center PATIENTS From 85 patients who had primary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia and elevated iPTH levels, 57 were offered outpatient parathyroidectomy. Nineteen patients were asymptomatic, 3 had hypercalcemic crisis, and the others gave a history of renal stones or had complaints consistent with bone disease. INTERVENTIONS Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintiscans were used for preoperative localization. Monitoring iPTH levels during parathyroidectomy quantitatively assured the surgeon (G.L.I. only) when all hyperfunctioning glands were excised. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The number of patients without complications and with short operative times who were discharged without hospital admission or overnight stay. RESULTS The combination of preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands and a decline in circulating iPTH levels predicting postoperative normocalcemia after excision of all hyperfunctioning glands resulted in successful parathyroidectomy in 84 of 85 patients. A decreased operative time (average, 52 minutes) with minimal neck dissection permitted outpatient parathyroidectomy in 42 of 57 eligible patients. CONCLUSIONS The combination of preoperative parathyroid scintiscan localization and iPTH level monitoring during surgery permitted successful parathyroidectomy in an ambulatory setting in half of a consecutive series of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The safety, success, and likely cost savings of this approach suggest wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Irvin
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla., USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is common in heart failure and is an important predictor of prognosis and mortality. Less attention has been paid to right ventricular (RV) diastolic function. In this study, we compared RV diastolic function in a large cohort of patients with heart failure (HF) with two groups: patients with pulmonary hypertension and normal LV function (the PHT group) and normal subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Transtricuspid and pulmonary artery flow were assessed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography at maximum inspiration and expiration in 185 subjects: 114 symptomatic HF patients (ejection fraction < 0.5), 31 PHT patients (pulmonary artery systolic pressure > 40 mm Hg), and 40 normal subjects. A subset was matched for age and heart rate. The results showed a high prevalence of RV diastolic abnormalities: HF patients had lower tricuspid E-A ratios, lower peak E-wave velocity, and prolonged RV isovolumic relaxation time (all P< .0001). Tricuspid E-wave deceleration time was significantly shorter only in those who had an LV restrictive filling pattern. The PHT group had similar findings. Compared with a normal range, more than half of the patients had lower tricuspid E-A ratios (HF, 55%; PHT, 69%), and 61% of HF and 58% of PHT patients had a prolonged RV isovolumic relaxation time. In the PHT group, RV diastolic parameters (E-wave deceleration time, E-A ratio, and isovolumic relaxation time) correlated significantly with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (P< .05). In the HF group, however, only tricuspid E-wave deceleration time correlated significantly with pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and HF patients with normal pulmonary artery systolic pressures had significantly lower tricuspid E-A ratios and prolonged RV isovolumic relaxation times compared with normal subjects. A close correlation existed between individual RV and LV diastolic parameters, suggesting that LV diastolic dysfunction may directly affect RV function, but there was no relation between LV size or systolic function and RV diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS RV diastolic function is frequently abnormal in HF patients, and this is not related to elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure alone, although high pulmonary artery pressure by itself also is associated with impaired RV diastolic function. Assessment of the role of right ventricular diastolic function in determining the symptoms and prognosis of heart failure is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital
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35
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Nicholson JK, Rao PE, Calvelli T, Stetler-Stevenson M, Browning SW, Yeung L, Marti GE. Artifactual staining of monoclonal antibodies in two-color combinations is due to an immunoglobulin in the serum and plasma. Cytometry 1994; 18:140-6. [PMID: 7529155 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990180305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-color whole blood lysis is the assay of choice for lymphocyte immunophenotyping because of the additional information it provides. Recently, artifactual double-staining of some specimens has been observed with this assay. In these cases, the samples appear to be uncompensated for spectral overlap or to inappropriately coexpress two antigens simultaneously. This artifact can result in the apparent coexpression of CD4 and CD8 (observed in lymphoblastic processes) or of CD5 and CD20 (characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia) in normal persons, leading to an erroneous diagnosis. Using plasma, serum, or immunoglobulin preparations from donors who exhibit this artifact we sought to determine 1) the source of the artifact and 2) ways to overcome it. This staining is apparently due to an immunoglobulin in the donors' serum and plasma which does not have specific reactivity with mouse immunoglobulin. Washing whole blood samples or blocking with mouse immunoglobulin is a convenient way of avoiding this artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Nicholson
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Hanna WJ, Chookang EC, Yeung L, Bridge-Leake ZO. Serum cholinesterase in tetanus. Anaesthesia 1979; 34:917-8. [PMID: 532944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb08570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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