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Giannetti D, Patelli N, Palazzetti L, Betti Sorbelli F, Pinotti CM, Maistrello L. First use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor Halyomorpha halys and recognize it using artificial intelligence. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38563560 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halyomorpha halys is one of the most damaging invasive agricultural pests in North America and southern Europe. It is commonly monitored using pheromone traps, which are not very effective because few bugs are caught and some escape and/or remain outside the trap on surrounding plants where they feed, increasing the damage. Other monitoring techniques are based on visual sampling, sweep-netting and tree-beating. However, all these methods require several hours of human labor and are difficult to apply to large areas. The aim of this work is to develop an automated monitoring system that integrates image acquisition through the use of drones with H. halys detection through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). RESULTS The study results allowed the development of an automated flight protocol using a mobile app to capture high-resolution images. The drone caused only low levels of disturbance in both adult and intermediate instars, inducing freezing behavior in adults. Each of the AI models used achieved very good performance, with a detection accuracy of up to 97% and recall of up to 87% for the X-TL model. CONCLUSION The first application of this novel monitoring system demonstrated the potential of drones and AI to detect and quantify the presence of H. halys. The ability to capture high-altitude, high-resolution images makes this method potentially suitable for use with a range of crops and pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giannetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Niccolò Patelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palazzetti
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cristina M Pinotti
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Barbi S, Montorsi M, Maistrello L, Caldironi M, Barbieri L. Statistical optimization of a sustainable fertilizer composition based on black soldier fly larvae as source of nitrogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20505. [PMID: 36443376 PMCID: PMC9705433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a statistical optimization of a sustainable coating for core-shell NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) fertilizers was investigated. The environmental green coating was enriched in nitrogen using a biomass and renewable source, namely the nitrogen rich fraction of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia Illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on vegetable waste. A rational approach was proposed with the aim of calculating the best formulation of the coating, considering both its manufacturing behavior, such as adhesion to the core, and its physical properties, such as homogeneity or plasticity. From a circular economy perspective, together with the nitrogen-rich fraction from BSFL (from 51 to 90 wt.%), water and glycerol were considered for the coating formulation in different proportion: from 10 to 32 wt.% and from 0 to 17 wt.% respectively. The Design of Experiments technique was implemented to limit the total number of tests for the coating formulation (18 tests). ANOVA was employed, with the aim of obtaining mathematical models to derive a better precise and objective formulation. The results show that the use of glycerol can be avoided, as well as only a limited amount of water (11 wt.%) is necessary to obtain an optimized coating formulation, thereafter, satisfying the more relevant technological and physical properties for the coating manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Monia Montorsi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in Advanced Mechanics and Motoring, INTER-MECH-Mo.Re., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorization, BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Caldironi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Law, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via San Geminiano 3, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Barbieri
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in Advanced Mechanics and Motoring, INTER-MECH-Mo.Re., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Rot M, Maistrello L, Costi E, Trdan S. Biological Parameters, Phenology and Temperature Requirements of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Sub-Mediterranean Climate of Western Slovenia. Insects 2022; 13:956. [PMID: 36292903 PMCID: PMC9604413 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, native to East Asia, has become one of the most serious pests for agricultural crops worldwide. First detected in Europe (in Switzerland), the insect is now widely found across the European continent and many Eurasian countries. Since its first appearance in Slovenia in 2017 it has caused considerable damage to fruit and vegetable production. Understanding the biology and behavior in the local environmental conditions is of key importance for an effective pest management. Knowledge of the voltinism of the species is crucial to anticipate critical phases of pest development and for adapting control measures that target the vulnerable life stages of the pest. A 3-year study (2019-2021) of H. halys biological parameters was performed outdoors in Nova Gorica (western Slovenia), confirming that in the sub-Mediterranean climate this pest has two overlapping generations per year. The net reproductive rates observed in the studied period indicate growing populations. The highest population growth was recorded in 2019, when the net reproductive rate of increase (R0) reached 14.84 for the summer generation and 5.64 for the overwintering generation. These findings match the current situation in Slovenia, where increasing populations of H. halys and severe crop damage have been observed since 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Rot
- Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Nova Gorica, Pri hrastu 18, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Costi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stanislav Trdan
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Caorsi V, Cornara D, Wells KE, Moser D, Berardo A, Miselli R, Torriani M, Pugno NM, Tasin M, Maistrello L, Mazzoni V. Design of ideal vibrational signals for stinkbug male attraction through vibrotaxis experiments. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:5498-5508. [PMID: 34357680 PMCID: PMC9292951 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many groups of insects utilize substrate-borne vibrations for intraspecific communication. This characteristic makes them a suitable model for exploring the use of vibrations as a tool for pest control as an alternative to the use of chemicals. Detailed knowledge of species communication is a prerequisite to select the best signals to use. This study explored the use of substrate-borne vibrations for pest control of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). For this purpose, we first identified the spectral and temporal characteristics that best elicit male responsiveness. Bioassays were conducted with artificial signals that mimicked the natural female calling signal. Second, we used the acquired knowledge to synthesize new signals endowed with different degrees of attractiveness in single- and two-choice bioassays using a wooden custom-made T stand. RESULTS The results from this study showed that males were attracted to female signals along a high range of amplitudes, especially starting from a threshold of 100 μm s-1 , a high pulse repetition time (1 s) and frequency peak corresponding to the first harmonic (76 Hz). This resulted in an "optimal" signal for use to attract males, while the choice test in the T arena showed that this signal elicits searching behavior and attracts BMSB males towards a stimulation point. CONCLUSION We confirm the use of vibrational signals as a strong tool for behavioral manipulation of male BMSB and suggest its possible use in the development of field traps and further management of this pest. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caorsi
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- C3A Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti e AmbienteUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Daniele Cornara
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies – Institute of Bari (CIHEAM‐Bari)ValenzanoItaly
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Karen E Wells
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Damiano Moser
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Alice Berardo
- Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Present address:
Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Roberto Miselli
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Michele Torriani
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Marco Tasin
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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Lippi N, Predieri S, Chieco C, Daniele GM, Cianciabella M, Magli M, Maistrello L, Gatti E. Italian Consumers' Readiness to Adopt Eggs from Insect-Fed Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113278. [PMID: 34828009 PMCID: PMC8614258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An overall increase in food demand is pushing the agri-food sector toward higher food output. In particular, the feeding of laying hens plays a major role, requiring larger quantities of soybean meal for egg production each year. Replacing soybean meal with insect meal has proven to lower the environmental impact compared to traditional feed production, but it may influence consumer acceptance. An online survey was conducted to evaluate the perception and the readiness of Italian consumers to the use of eggs from laying hens fed with insect meal. The results showed a considerable level of willingness of the participants to face this innovative scenario. Abstract Demand for eggs from laying hens is increasing as the world population continues to grow. The use of insects as animal feed is a strategic opportunity to find a new innovative, economic and sustainable source of protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Italian consumer inclination for eggs produced with the use of insect-fed hens. The investigation on consumers’ readiness to adopt eggs from insect-fed hens was carried out through an online survey conducted on 510 participants. Survey results outlined four different clusters on the basis of the willingness to buy/eat eggs fed with insects: “ready” (40.1%), “environmentalist” (24.3%), “cautious” (21.7%), and “reluctant” (13.9%). “Ready”, “environmentalist”, and “cautious” were quite favorable to the use of insects as feed stuffs and share drivers for product choice: cheap, organic, and with an explicit indication of use of insects. On the other hand, for the “reluctant”, the diet based on insects was the main negative factor influencing product acceptance. This cluster also showed the highest level of neophobia. Italian consumers showed a considerable level of readiness to accept insects as feed material for egg production, which should be reinforced with further information on the origin and the environmental benefit of using insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lippi
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Stefano Predieri
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0516398083
| | - Camilla Chieco
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Giulia Maria Daniele
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Marta Cianciabella
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Magli
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, Department of Life Science, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola, 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (C.C.); (G.M.D.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (E.G.)
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6
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Leskey TC, Andrews H, Bády A, Benvenuto L, Bernardinelli I, Blaauw B, Bortolotti PP, Bosco L, Di Bella E, Hamilton G, Kuhar T, Ludwick D, Maistrello L, Malossini G, Nannini R, Nixon LJ, Pasqualini E, Preti M, Short BD, Spears L, Tavella L, Vétek G, Wiman N. Refining Pheromone Lures for the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Through Collaborative Trials in the United States and Europe. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1666-1673. [PMID: 34021561 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is native to Asia and has invaded North America and Europe inflicting serious agricultural damage to specialty and row crops. Tools to monitor the spread of H. halys include traps baited with the two-component aggregation pheromone (PHER), (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, and pheromone synergist, methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate (MDT). Here, an international team of researchers conducted trials aimed at evaluating prototype commercial lures for H. halys to establish relative attractiveness of: 1) low and high loading rates of PHER and MDT for monitoring tools and attract and kill tactics; 2) polyethylene lure delivery substrates; and 3) the inclusion of ethyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrieonate (EDT), a compound that enhances captures when combined with PHER in lures. In general, PHER loading rate had a greater impact on overall trap captures compared with loading of MDT, but reductions in PHER loading and accompanying lower trap captures could be offset by increasing loading of MDT. As MDT is less expensive to produce, these findings enable reduced production costs. Traps baited with lures containing PHER and EDT resulted in numerically increased captures when EDT was loaded at a high rate, but captures were not significantly greater than those traps baited with lures containing standard PHER and MDT. Experimental polyethylene vial dispensers did not outperform standard lure dispensers; trap captures were significantly lower in most cases. Ultimately, these results will enable refinement of commercially available lures for H. halys to balance attraction and sensitivity with production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA
| | - Heather Andrews
- North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Aurora, OR, USA
| | - Angelika Bády
- Department of Entomology, Szent István University, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Benvenuto
- ERSA - Servizio Fitosanitario del Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Sabbatini 5, 33050 Pozzuolo del Friuli, Italy
| | - Iris Bernardinelli
- ERSA - Servizio Fitosanitario del Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Sabbatini 5, 33050 Pozzuolo del Friuli, Italy
| | - Brett Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 3060, USA
| | | | - Lara Bosco
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Bella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - George Hamilton
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dalton Ludwick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension, 10345 Highway 44, Corpus Christi, TX 78406, USA
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Malossini
- ERSA - Servizio Fitosanitario del Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Sabbatini 5, 33050 Pozzuolo del Friuli, Italy
| | - Roberta Nannini
- Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena, Via Santi 14, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura J Nixon
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA
| | | | - Michele Preti
- ASTRA Innovazione e Sviluppo Test Facility, Via Tebano 45, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Brent D Short
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA
| | - Lori Spears
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA
| | - Luciana Tavella
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Gábor Vétek
- Department of Entomology, Szent István University, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nik Wiman
- North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Aurora, OR, USA
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Ocete R, Armendáriz I, Ocete CA, Maistrello L, Valle JM, Rodríguez Á, Usategui L. Spread parameters of the borer Xylotrechus Arvicola(Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard in La Rioja (Spain): A long-term study. Ciência Téc Vitiv 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20203502148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Xylotrechus arvicola(Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a polyphagous xylophagous beetle that is becoming a pest of increasing importance for vineyards in Spain, also because of the wood fungi developing in the galleries excavated by its larvae, which cause a progressive decline of the affected grapevines, until death. Between 1993 and 2015, a survey of the infestation caused byX. arvicolaand the symptoms caused by pathogenic wood fungi was performed in a ‘Tempranillo’ variety vineyard in La Rioja region (Spain). Maps showing the overtime spread of the borer and the diffusion of symptoms of grapevine decline andEutypadieback were obtained. Results indicated that the borer colonization began in the centre of the plot, followed by the first symptoms caused by the wood fungi a few years later. The statistical analysis showed that the evolution of infestation is characterized by a linear increase of new holes whereas the pattern of their allocation in the vines follows a bimodal distribution which, to some extent, can be simulated by a Poisson’s model. Based on these observations, a methodology to estimate the state of the infestation over time is proposed. The procedure - based on a linear regression of the average number of holes per vine over a set of years - can be applied in a relatively simple way and provides the probability for a grapevine to have a certain number of exit holes in a definite year with a mean error of around 5%.
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Hadj Saadoun J, Montevecchi G, Zanasi L, Bortolini S, Macavei LI, Masino F, Maistrello L, Antonelli A. Lipid profile and growth of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens, Stratiomyidae) reared on by-products from different food chains. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3648-3657. [PMID: 32239772 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The total amount of bio-waste produced annually in the EU by the food and beverage chains is estimated at 37 billion kg. The use of insects for the valorization of by-products from these value chains may represent a sustainable solution. This study aimed to investigate the by-products obtained from different food chains and used for the rearing of black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae, and to evaluate the content and profile of the lipid extracted from the prepupae and outline its possible applications. The substrates used in this experiment were: (i) industrial by-products (brewery spent grains, cows' milk whey, grape stalks, and tomato peels and seeds) and (ii) by-products from retailers (bread dough, fish scraps, and spent coffee ground). Fat extracted from prepupae using an adjusted Folch method was used for total lipid content and fatty acid profile. RESULTS The best larval performances were obtained from beer (0.22 gweight per prepupa), tomato (0.19 gweight per prepupa), and cheese (0.14 gweight per prepupa) food-chain by-products. The extremely different compositions of the substrates were reflected in the differentiated lipid profile of the BSF prepupae and in the range of ratios between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which varied from 0.37 for cows' milk whey to 1.34 for tomato peels and seeds. CONCLUSION The lipids, proteins, and chitin extracted from prepupae are high-value bio-based products that could be used in the feed / food industry or for the development of innovative biomaterials, such as biodiesel. These results suggest that food-chain by-products are the best candidates for insect-bioconversion purposes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hadj Saadoun
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montevecchi
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Zanasi
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolini
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Laura Ioana Macavei
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Masino
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonelli
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Piemontese L, Giovannini I, Guidetti R, Pellegri G, Dioli P, Maistrello L, Rebecchi L, Cesari M. The species identification problem in mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) highlighted by DNA barcoding and species delimitation studies. The European Zoological Journal 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1773948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Piemontese
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - I. Giovannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - R. Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G. Pellegri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - P. Dioli
- Department of Entomology, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L. Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M. Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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10
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Raimondi S, Spampinato G, Macavei LI, Lugli L, Candeliere F, Rossi M, Maistrello L, Amaretti A. Effect of Rearing Temperature on Growth and Microbiota Composition of Hermetia illucens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060902. [PMID: 32549385 PMCID: PMC7355568 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential utilization of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present study, larvae and prepupae of H. illucens were reared at 20, 27, and 33 °C, to determine whether temperature affects the whole insect microbiota, described using microbiological risk assessment techniques and 16S rRNA gene survey. The larvae efficiently grew across the tested temperatures. Higher temperatures promoted faster larval development and greater final biomass but also higher mortality. Viable Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Listeriaceae, and Salmonella were detected in prepupae. Campylobacter and Listeriaceae counts got higher with the increasing temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbiota of larvae was dominated by Providencia (>60%) and other Proteobateria (mainly Klebsiella) and evolved to a more complex composition in prepupae, with a bloom of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Bacilli, while Providencia was still present as the main component. Prepupae largely shared the microbiota with the frass where it was reared, except for few lowly represented taxa. The rearing temperature was negatively associated with the amount of Providencia, and positively associated with a variety of other genera, such as Alcaligenes, Pseudogracilibacillus, Bacillus, Proteus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Bordetella, Pseudomonas, and Kerstersia. With respect to the microbiological risk assessment, attention should be paid to abundant genera, such as Bacillus, Myroides, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, which encompass species described as opportunistic pathogens, bearing drug resistances or causing severe morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Gloria Spampinato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Ioana Macavei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Linda Lugli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Candeliere
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
- BIOGEST–SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
- BIOGEST–SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.); (L.I.M.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
- BIOGEST–SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-8588
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11
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Macavei LI, Benassi G, Stoian V, Maistrello L. Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) egg laying under different nutrition and light conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232144. [PMID: 32330204 PMCID: PMC7182258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is gaining growing interest as a tool for the valorisation of bio-waste in a circular economy perspective. Although a wide variety of studies are available for larvae rearing, the indoor breeding of adults still presents a great challenge for industrial purposes. This study was designed to assess the simultaneous influence of 3 different light sources (the Mix of LED UV:blue:green 1:1:3, White LED, Neon light) and 3 types of nutrition (sugar and water, only water, no sugar no water) on adult performances, obtaining different egg production parameters that included the number and weight of the egg masses and single eggs laid by the females, the duration of pre-oviposition and oviposition period, the adult life span, the hatchability of the eggs. Our results showed that production parameters are influenced mainly by nutrition rather than light factor, although light plays an important secondary role. Moreover, the presence of sugar positively affects the egg production (12,93-27,10 mg eggs/female) and increases oviposition period (18,2-31,8 days) and adult lifespan (20,79-27,11 days). Light sources also affect egg production parameters, with the exposure to the Mix of LEDs resulting in the best performance of flies. Results obtained from this study are very useful for the design and management of an efficient industrial black soldier fly mass rearing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Macavei
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Vlad Stoian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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12
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Barbi S, Macavei LI, Fuso A, Luparelli AV, Caligiani A, Ferrari AM, Maistrello L, Montorsi M. Valorization of seasonal agri-food leftovers through insects. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:136209. [PMID: 31884276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most of the leftovers from agricultural productions and industrial processing of vegetables are currently discarded as waste, augmenting production costs and environmental impacts. Black soldier flies (BSF) are non-pest insects that can grow on various types of organic materials. The larvae initially act as fast and efficient bioconverters, before being further valorized as biomass rich in proteins, fats and chitin. The aim of the present study was to exploit the potential of BSF prepupae reared on vegetable leftovers with high seasonality, and to obtain compounds with high added value and further industrial and agronomic uses such as food/feed, soil improver or fuel. The optimization of BSF rearing substrates based on different leftovers combinations was performed through a Mixture Design approach. Initially, a database was built detailing the availability, seasonality and nutrient composition of the vegetable by-products. According to the seasonal availability of the agri-food leftovers, three main groups were identified: annual, summer and autumn mixtures, in order to promote the exploitation of the highest quantity of leftovers. This approach allowed the obtainment of statistically reliable correlations (R2 > 0.75) between the employed leftovers and the content of lipid and nitrogen compounds (protein and chitin) of the BSF prepupae. In particular, a mixture of vegetable leftovers available in autumn that included legume (25 wt%), cereal (20 wt%) and vegetable (25 wt%) wastes proved to be the best combination in terms of insect growth (-25% development time compared to the control group) and nutritional composition. The chemical composition of the insect biomass allowed the identification of potential applications with high added value, such as food ingredients (protein and fats) or nutraceuticals (chitin). The identification of the optimal parameters to ensure the greatest possible efficiency would promote the scale-up of BSF rearing to an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Laura Ioana Macavei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Ferrari
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Monia Montorsi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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13
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Setti L, Francia E, Pulvirenti A, Gigliano S, Zaccardelli M, Pane C, Caradonia F, Bortolini S, Maistrello L, Ronga D. Use of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae processing residue in peat-based growing media. Waste Manag 2019; 95:278-288. [PMID: 31351613 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is an insect whose larvae thrive on agro-industrial by-products. This study reports the first use of black soldier fly larvae processing residue (BSPR) as an innovative ingredient for growing media. BSPR was characterized and evaluated to partially replace commercial peat (CP) in the production of potted plants. Chemical and microbiological analysis showed the suitability of BSPR for soilless production. Hence, six growing media mixtures (CP 100% + slow acting synthetic solid fertilizer, CP 90% + BSPR 10%, CP 80% + BSPR 20%, CP 70% + BSPR 30%, CP 60% + BSPR 40% and CP 100% without fertilizer) were assessed for the production of baby leaf lettuce, basil and tomato potted plants. Using BSPR in a proportion up to 20%, all investigated crops showed values significantly greater than or comparable to those obtained using CP 100% + slow acting synthetic solid fertilizer. In general, BSPR used in a proportion up to 20% increased the crop growth of baby leaf lettuce, basil and tomato, recording a high total dry weight (+31%, compared to the total average) and the measured leaf parameters (+39% of leaf area, +14% of leaf number), without showing abiotic stresses. This study indicates that BSPR used in a proportion up to 20% might be a valid approach for soilless production of potted baby leaf lettuce, basil and tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Setti
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Enrico Francia
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Silvia Gigliano
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri, 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, SA, Italy
| | - Catello Pane
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri, 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, SA, Italy
| | - Federica Caradonia
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Sara Bortolini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Domenico Ronga
- Interdepartmental Research Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, n. 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy.
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14
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Bortolini S, Giordani G, Tuccia F, Maistrello L, Vanin S. Do longer sequences improve the accuracy of identification of forensically important Calliphoridae species? PeerJ 2018; 6:e5962. [PMID: 30588393 PMCID: PMC6301277 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology. In several cases the calculation of the larval age allows the estimation of the minimum Post-Mortem Interval (mPMI). A correct identification of the species is the first step for a correct mPMI estimation. To overcome the difficulties due to the morphological identification especially of the immature stages, a molecular approach can be applied. However, difficulties in separation of closely related species are still an unsolved problem. Sequences of 4 different genes (COI, ND5, EF-1α, PER) of 13 different fly species collected during forensic experiments (Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Lucilia caesar, Chrysomya albiceps, Phormia regina, Cynomya mortuorum, Sarcophaga sp., Hydrotaea sp., Fannia scalaris, Piophila sp., Megaselia scalaris) were evaluated for their capability to identify correctly the species. Three concatenated sequences were obtained combining the four genes in order to verify if longer sequences increase the probability of a correct identification. The obtained results showed that this rule does not work for the species L. caesar and L. illustris. Future works on other DNA regions are suggested to solve this taxonomic issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bortolini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordani
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiola Tuccia
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Vanin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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15
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Maistrello L, Dioli P, Dutto M, Volani S, Pasquali S, Gilioli G. Tracking the Spread of Sneaking Aliens by Integrating Crowdsourcing and Spatial Modeling: The Italian Invasion of Halyomorpha halys. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maistrello
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Moreno Dutto
- Entomologist Consultant, Urban and Agricultural Entomology
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16
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Caligiani A, Marseglia A, Leni G, Baldassarre S, Maistrello L, Dossena A, Sforza S. Composition of black soldier fly prepupae and systematic approaches for extraction and fractionation of proteins, lipids and chitin. Food Res Int 2017; 105:812-820. [PMID: 29433277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) constitutes an economic way to convert residual biomasses into a valuable source of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids and chitin. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of applying different extraction protocols, either chemical extractions or enzymatic assisted extraction, to recover pure fat, protein and chitin fractions. First, exact proximate composition, total amino acids, fatty acids profile, and N-acetylglucosamine content of the prepupae samples were determined. BSF prepupae biomass contained, expressed on dry weight, 32% proteins, 37% lipids, 19% minerals, 9% chitin. The lipid fraction was easily recovered by organic solvents, while the most challenging issue was the separation of protein from chitin. The best separation was obtained by alkali extraction of proteins (96% of protein recovered) albeit with loss in their integrity as indicated by the measurement of the degree of hydrolysis with the o-phthaldialdehyde method. To avoid protein damage in alkali media, a stepwise protein extraction adopting milder conditions was also explored based on Osborne fractionation method, allowing the recovery of >85% of BSF high purity and high quality proteins, and the obtainment of chitin-enriched fraction as well. The possibility of using an enzymatic assisted extraction of proteins was also explored, obtaining a maximum nitrogen solubilisation in the best case (with Bacillus licheniformis protease) of about 60%. In this latter case, the chitin fraction obtained also had a significant residual protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; SITEIA.PARMA, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Leni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; BIOGEST-SITEIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Dossena
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; SITEIA.PARMA, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; SITEIA.PARMA, Parma, Italy.
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17
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Raposio E, Bortolini S, Maistrello L, Grasso DA. Larval Therapy for Chronic Cutaneous Ulcers: Historical Review and Future Perspectives. Wounds 2017; 29:367-373. [PMID: 29324424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous ulcers tend to become chronic and have a profound impact on quality of life. These wounds may become infected and lead to greater morbidity and even mortality. In the past, larvae (ie, maggots) of certain common flies (Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina) were considered useful in ulcer management because they only remove necrotic tissue while promoting healthy tissue in the wound bed, thus helping wounds heal faster. Recently, maggots from several other fly species (Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Phormia regina, Chrysomya albiceps, Sarcophaga carnaria, and Hermetia illucens) have been shown in vitro to possess characteristics (ie, debridement efficacy and putative antimicrobial potentialities) that make them suitable candidates for possible use in clinical practice. This review presents a historical analysis of larval debridement and speculates future directions based on the literature presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Chair, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Donato A Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma
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18
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Cesari M, Maistrello L, Piemontese L, Bonini R, Dioli P, Lee W, Park CG, Partsinevelos GK, Rebecchi L, Guidetti R. Genetic diversity of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys in the invaded territories of Europe and its patterns of diffusion in Italy. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maistrello L, Dioli P, Bariselli M, Mazzoli GL, Giacalone-Forini I. Citizen science and early detection of invasive species: phenology of first occurrences of Halyomorpha halys in Southern Europe. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bariselli
- Plant Protection Service; Emilia-Romagna Region, Via Saliceto 81 40128 Bologna Italy
| | - R. Bugiani
- Plant Protection Service; Emilia-Romagna Region, Via Saliceto 81 40128 Bologna Italy
| | - L. Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Via G.Amendola 2 42122 Reggio Emilia Italy
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21
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Mazzarelli D, Vanin S, Gibelli D, Maistrello L, Porta D, Rizzi A, Cattaneo C. Splitting hairs: differentiating between entomological activity, taphonomy, and sharp force trauma on hair. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2014; 11:104-10. [PMID: 25527308 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The analysis of hair can provide useful information for the correct evaluation of forensic cases, but studies of trauma on hair are extremely rare. Hair may present lesions caused by traumatic events or by animals: in fact, signs of sharp force weapons on hair may provide important information for the reconstruction of the manner of death, and, for example, may suggest fetishist practice. This study stemmed from a judicial case where it was fundamental to distinguish between sharp force lesions and insect activity on hair. METHODS In order to highlight differences between sharp force lesions and insect feeding activity, different experiments were performed with high power microscopy: hair samples were subjected to several lesions by blunt and sharp force trauma; then samples were used as pabulum for two taxa of insects: the common clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella Lepidoptera, Tineidae) and the carpet beetle (Anthrenus sp., Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Hairs were examined from a macroscopic and microscopic point of view by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM): the morphological characteristics of the lesions obtained from the different experimental samples were compared. RESULTS Results show that sharp force trauma produces lesions with regular edges, whereas insects leave concave lesions caused by their "gnawing" activity. These two types of lesions are easily distinguishable from breaking and tearing using SEM. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that insect activity leaves very specific indications on hair and sheds some light on different hair lesions that may be found in forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mazzarelli
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli, 37, Milan, Italy,
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22
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Ferraresi S, Garozzo D, Basso E, Maistrello L, Lucchin F, Di Pasquale P. The medial cord to musculocutaneous (MCMc) nerve transfer: a new method to reanimate elbow flexion after C5-C6-C7-(C8) avulsive injuries of the brachial plexus--technique and results. Neurosurg Rev 2014; 37:321-9; discussion 329. [PMID: 24526364 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to report on our ample experience with the medial cord to musculocutaneous (MCMc) nerve transfer. The MCMc technique is a new type of neurotization which is able to reanimate the elbow flexion in multilevel avulsive injuries of the brachial plexus provided that at least the T1 root is intact. A series of 180 consecutive patients, divided into four classes according to the quality of hand function, is available for a long-term follow-up after brachial plexus surgery. The patients enrolled for the study have in common a brachial plexus palsy showing multiple cervical root avulsive injuries at two (C5-C6), three (C5-C6-C7) and four (C5-C6-C7-C8) levels. The reinnervation of the musculocutaneous nerve is obtained via an end-to-end transfer from two donor fascicles located in the medial cord. The selected fascicles are those directed principally to the flexor carpi radialis, ulnaris and, to a lesser degree, the flexor digitorum profundus. Under normal anatomic conditions, they are located in the medial cord, and their site corresponds to the inverted V-shaped bifurcation between the internal contribution of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve. The technique has no failure and no complications when the hand shows a normal wrist and finger flexion and a normal intrinsic function. In case of suboptimal conditions of the hand, the technique has proved technically more challenging, but still with 67% satisfactory results. In the four-root avulsive injuries, however, this method shows its limitations and an alternative strategy should be preferred when possible. EMG analysis shows a reinnervation in both the biceps and the brachialis muscles, explaining the high quality of the observed results. Moreover, this technique theoretically offers the possibility of a "second attempt" at a more distal level in case of failure of the first surgery. This procedure is quick, safe, extremely effective and easily feasible by an experienced plexus surgeon. The ideal candidate is a patient harbouring a C5-C6 avulsive injury of the upper brachial plexus with a normally functioning hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferraresi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy,
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Maistrello L, Ocete R, López MA. Seasonal trends in the social composition and inside-trunk distribution of Kalotermes flavicollis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) colonizing grapevines. Environ Entomol 2010; 39:295-302. [PMID: 20388256 DOI: 10.1603/en09225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The polyphagous drywood termite Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius) can establish its colonies inside living trees, causing a progressive debilitation that ends with the death of the plant. For this reason, it is considered one of the major pests of Sherry vineyards in Andalusia, SW Spain. To analyze the trends of colonization of this termite, a detailed investigation was performed during 16 mo in seven districts of the Sherry area, cutting randomly selected grapevine trunks into six sections, from which all individuals were collected and counted according to their developmental instar or caste. The results detected variations in the social composition of the groups colonizing grapevines according to the spatial distribution inside the vine trunk and in the numerical trends over the seasons. A pattern of seasonal migrations of the termites inside the trunk was inferred, with upward movements from spring to autumn and downward movements from autumn to winter. During winter, when termites were mainly located in the medium-basal sections of the trunk, a higher proportion of eggs and larvae was detected. Going from spring to summer, when the majority of the termites was located in the medium-upper sections of the trunk, there was an increase of nymphal instars followed, during autumn, by the appearance of alates, mostly located in the upper sections of the grapevine. Pseudergates and reproductives maintained their proportions and locations almost unchanged during the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maistrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e degli Alimenti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Bertazzini M, Medrzycki P, Bortolotti L, Maistrello L, Forlani G. Amino acid content and nectar choice by forager honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Amino Acids 2010; 39:315-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maistrello L, Lombroso L, Pedroni E, Reggiani A, Vanin S. Summer raids of Arocatus melanocephalus (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in urban buildings in Northern Italy: Is climate change to blame? J Therm Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Background and Purpose—
We reviewed our 7-year experience in neuroendoscopic management of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to evaluate its safety, efficiency, and efficacy.
Methods—
Thirteen patients with spontaneous primary or secondary tetraventricular IVH underwent neuroendoscopy. In all procedures, we used a flexible instrument. CT scans obtained before and after surgery were compared for Graeb score and ventriculocranial ratio. Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed at 12 months.
Results—
In all patients, the procedure resulted in a substantial removal of ventricular blood. Graeb score was reduced by 65%, and ventriculocranial ratio was reduced by 30% (
P
<0.002). The procedure was carried out safely even in the presence of a vascular malformation, and no rebleeding or delayed hydrocephalus was observed in any case. Mortality at 12 months was 30.7%. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, 3 to 5) was observed in 61.5% of cases.
Conclusions—
Neuroendoscopic management of severe IVH in this cohort of patients was safe, efficiently reduced the amount of ventricular blood and ventricular dilatation, and effectively produced an outcome profile that compares very favorably with other more conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Longatti
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
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Maistrello L, Henderson G, Laine RA. Comparative effects of vetiver oil, nootkatone and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate on Coptotermes formosanus and its symbiotic fauna. Pest Manag Sci 2003; 59:58-68. [PMID: 12558100 DOI: 10.1002/ps.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential of vetiver oil and nootkatone as wood treatments against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was examined by assessing the effects on termite tunneling, feeding activity and survival, and the consequences on the symbiont protozoa responsible for wood digestion. Comparisons were made with non-treated wood (control), wood treated with the borate compound Tim-Bor (a commonly used lumber preservative) and absence of a food source (starved termites), using choice and no-choice tests. All wood slices were prepared at the same time using a 10 g liter(-1) solution of each substance and were tested in four different sessions over one year to investigate longevity of the effects. Termites had to tunnel through sand to exploit the food sources, consisting of two wood slices, placed on opposite sides of the experimental enclosure. No-choice tests showed that in the presence of vetiver oil or nootkatone, tunneling activity was always the lowest; wood consumption, termite survival and flagellate numbers and species distribution were significantly different from the control and similar to the results obtained for starved termites and with Tim-Bor-treated wood. Nootkatone negatively affected termites for 12 months and was longer lasting than vetiver oil. In choice tests, when vetiver oil or nootkatone were present, termites exhibited a significant preference for non-treated wood. Our results confirmed both the toxicity and absence of repellency of Tim-Bor. Vetiver oil and especially nootkatone affected Formosan subterranean termites and their protozoa, acting as arrestants, repellents and feeding deterrents, and represent a promising natural alternative for the control of this invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maistrello
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology, 402 Life Sciences Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Maistrello L, Henderson G, Laine RA. Efficacy of vetiver oil and nootkatone as soil barriers against Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J Econ Entomol 2001; 94:1532-1537. [PMID: 11777060 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.6.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vetiver oil and its components nootkatone and cedrene were assessed as sand treatments for their efficacy to disrupt food recruitment by Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Termites were required to tunnel through sand treated with vetiver oil, nootkatone, cedrene, or untreated sand to reach a food source. Results showed that sand treated with vetiver oil or nootkatone disrupted termite tunneling behavior. As a consequence, after 21 d, wood consumption and termite survival were significantly lower compared with cedrene-treated or untreated sand treatments. Sand treated with vetiver oil or nootkatone at 100 microg/g substrate were effective barriers to termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maistrello
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Abstract
We examined the behavior of Formosan subterranean termites toward one of the components of vetiver grass oil, the roots of which manufacture insect repellents. We found nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, isolated from vetiver oil is a strong repellent and toxicant to Formosan subterranean termites. The lowest effective concentration tested was 10 micrograms/g substrate. This is the first report of nootkatone being a repellent to insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Maistrello L, Sbrenna G. Frequency of some behavioural patterns in colonies ofKalotermes flavicollis(Isoptera Kalotermitidae): the importance of social interactions and vibratory movements as mechanisms for social integration. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/08927014.1996.9522909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maistrello L, Matscher R. [Determination of arterial pressure in the unanesthetized rat]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1966; 42:137-9. [PMID: 5945197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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