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Lapidus S, Goheen MM, Sy M, Deme AB, Ndiaye IM, Diedhiou Y, Mbaye AM, Hagadorn KA, Sene SD, Pouye MN, Thiam LG, Ba A, Guerra N, Mbengue A, Raduwan H, Vigan-Womas I, Parikh S, Ko AI, Ndiaye D, Fikrig E, Chuang YM, Bei AK. Two mosquito salivary antigens demonstrate promise as biomarkers of recent exposure to P. falciparum infected mosquito bites. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.20.24305430. [PMID: 38712295 PMCID: PMC11071555 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.24305430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Measuring malaria transmission intensity using the traditional entomological inoculation rate is difficult. Antibody responses to mosquito salivary proteins such as SG6 have previously been used as biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites. Here, we investigate four mosquito salivary proteins as potential biomarkers of human exposure to mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum: mosGILT, SAMSP1, AgSAP, and AgTRIO. Methods We tested population-level human immune responses in longitudinal and cross-sectional plasma samples from individuals with known P. falciparum infection from low and moderate transmission areas in Senegal using a multiplexed magnetic bead-based assay. Results AgSAP and AgTRIO were the best indicators of recent exposure to infected mosquitoes. Antibody responses to AgSAP, in a moderate endemic area, and to AgTRIO in both low and moderate endemic areas, were significantly higher than responses in a healthy non-endemic control cohort (p-values = 0.0245, 0.0064, and <0.0001 respectively). No antibody responses significantly differed between the low and moderate transmission area, or between equivalent groups during and outside the malaria transmission seasons. For AgSAP and AgTRIO, reactivity peaked 2-4 weeks after clinical P. falciparum infection and declined 3 months after infection. Discussion Reactivity to both AgSAP and AgTRIO peaked after infection and did not differ seasonally nor between areas of low and moderate transmission, suggesting reactivity is likely reflective of exposure to infectious mosquitos or recent biting rather than general mosquito exposure. Kinetics suggest reactivity is relatively short-lived. AgSAP and AgTRIO are promising candidates to incorporate into multiplexed assays for serosurveillance of population-level changes in P. falciparum-infected mosquito exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lapidus
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morgan M Goheen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mouhamad Sy
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Awa B Deme
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Mbaye Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Younous Diedhiou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Moctar Mbaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Kelly A Hagadorn
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seynabou Diouf Sene
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mariama Nicole Pouye
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aboubacar Ba
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Noemi Guerra
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alassane Mbengue
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inés Vigan-Womas
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sunil Parikh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- International Research and Training Center for Applied Genomics and Health Surveillance (CIGASS) at UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy K Bei
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Mangou K, Moore AJ, Thiam LG, Ba A, Orfanó A, Desamours I, Ndegwa DN, Goodwin J, Guo Y, Sheng Z, Patel SD, Diallo F, Sene SD, Pouye MN, Faye AT, Thiam A, Nunez V, Diagne CT, Sadio BD, Shapiro L, Faye O, Mbengue A, Bei AK. Structure-guided insights into potential function of novel genetic variants in the malaria vaccine candidate PfRh5. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19403. [PMID: 36371450 PMCID: PMC9653458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent stall in the global reduction of malaria deaths has made the development of a highly effective vaccine essential. A major challenge to developing an efficacious vaccine is the extensive diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens. While genetic diversity plays a major role in immune evasion and is a barrier to the development of both natural and vaccine-induced protective immunity, it has been under-prioritized in the evaluation of malaria vaccine candidates. This study uses genomic approaches to evaluate genetic diversity in next generation malaria vaccine candidate PfRh5. We used targeted deep amplicon sequencing to identify non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in PfRh5 (Reticulocyte-Binding Protein Homologue 5) in 189 P. falciparum positive samples from Southern Senegal and identified 74 novel SNPs. We evaluated the population prevalence of these SNPs as well as the frequency in individual samples and found that only a single SNP, C203Y, was present at every site. Many SNPs were unique to the individual sampled, with over 90% of SNPs being found in just one infected individual. In addition to population prevalence, we assessed individual level SNP frequencies which revealed that some SNPs were dominant (frequency of greater than 25% in a polygenomic sample) whereas most were rare, present at 2% or less of total reads mapped to the reference at the given position. Structural modeling uncovered 3 novel SNPs occurring under epitopes bound by inhibitory monoclonal antibodies, potentially impacting immune evasion, while other SNPs were predicted to impact PfRh5 structure or interactions with the receptor or binding partners. Our data demonstrate that PfRh5 exhibits greater genetic diversity than previously described, with the caveat that most of the uncovered SNPs are at a low overall frequency in the individual and prevalence in the population. The structural studies reveal that novel SNPs could have functional implications on PfRh5 receptor binding, complex formation, or immune evasion, supporting continued efforts to validate PfRh5 as an effective malaria vaccine target and development of a PfRh5 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidiatou Mangou
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adam J Moore
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aboubacar Ba
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alessandra Orfanó
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ife Desamours
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Duncan Ndungu Ndegwa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Justin Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh D Patel
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatoumata Diallo
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou D Sene
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mariama N Pouye
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Awa Thioub Faye
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alassane Thiam
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Vanessa Nunez
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheikh Tidiane Diagne
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vector: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), University of Montpelier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Pôle Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alassane Mbengue
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amy K Bei
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
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Thiam LG, Mangou K, Ba A, Mbengue A, Bei AK. Leveraging genome editing to functionally evaluate Plasmodium diversity. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:558-571. [PMID: 35469746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ambitious goal of malaria elimination requires an in-depth understanding of the parasite's biology to counter the growing threat of antimalarial resistance and immune evasion. Timely assessment of the functional impact of antigenic diversity in the early stages of vaccine development will be critical for achieving the goal of malaria control, elimination, and ultimately eradication. Recent advances in targeted genome editing enabled the functional validation of resistance-associated markers in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria-causing pathogen and strain-specific immune neutralization. This review explores recent advances made in leveraging genome editing to aid the functional evaluation of Plasmodium diversity and highlights how these techniques can assist in prioritizing both therapeutic and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laty Gaye Thiam
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khadidiatou Mangou
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aboubacar Ba
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alassane Mbengue
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amy K Bei
- G4 - Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches & Vaccines, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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4
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Niang M, Sandfort M, Mbodj AF, Diouf B, Talla C, Faye J, Sane R, Thiam LG, Thiam A, Badiane A, Vigan-Womas I, Diagne N, Diene Sarr F, Mueller I, Sokhna C, White M, Toure-Balde A. Correction to: Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:2266-2267. [PMID: 35472079 PMCID: PMC9258924 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mirco Sandfort
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Adja Fatou Mbodj
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Rokhaya Sane
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alassane Thiam
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Badiane
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ines Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- VITROME, Campus international IRD-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aissatou Toure-Balde
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
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Niang M, Sandfort M, Mbodj AF, Diouf B, Talla C, Faye J, Sane R, Thiam LG, Thiam A, Badiane A, Vigan-Womas I, Diagne N, Diene Sarr F, Mueller I, Sokhna C, White M, Toure-Balde A. Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2175-2183. [PMID: 33677477 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal. METHODS The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households. RESULTS High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10-5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10-8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes <25 m from asymptomatic individuals in Ndiop attributable to clustering within households. CONCLUSION The findings provide strong epidemiological evidence linking the asymptomatic P falciparum reservoir to clinical malaria episodes at household scale in Dielmo and Ndiop villagers. This argues for a likely success of a mass testing and treatment intervention to move towards the elimination of malaria in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mirco Sandfort
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Adja Fatou Mbodj
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Rokhaya Sane
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alassane Thiam
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Badiane
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ines Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Epidémiologie, Recherche Clinique et Science des données, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- VITROME, Campus international IRD-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aissatou Toure-Balde
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Pôle Immunophysiopathologie & Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
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Aniweh Y, Nyarko PB, Charles-Chess E, Ansah F, Osier FHA, Quansah E, Thiam LG, Kamuyu G, Marsh K, Conway DJ, Tetteh KKA, Awandare GA. Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Associated Armadillo Protein (PfMAAP) Is Apically Localized in Free Merozoites and Antibodies Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Malaria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:505. [PMID: 32318061 PMCID: PMC7155890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional role of proteins expressed by Plasmodium falciparum is an important step toward unlocking potential targets for the development of therapeutic or diagnostic interventions. The armadillo (ARM) repeat protein superfamily is associated with varied functions across the eukaryotes. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of members of this protein family in Plasmodium biology. The Plasmodium falciparum armadillo repeats only (PfARO; Pf3D7_0414900) and P. falciparum merozoite organizing proteins (PfMOP; Pf3D7_0917000) are armadillo-repeat containing proteins previously characterized in P. falciparum. Here, we describe the characterization of another ARM repeat-containing protein in P. falciparum, which we have named the P. falciparum Merozoites-Associated Armadillo repeats protein (PfMAAP). Antibodies raised to three different synthetic peptides of PfMAAP show apical staining of free merozoites and those within the mature infected schizont. We also demonstrate that the antibodies raised to the PfMAAP peptides inhibited invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites from different parasite isolates. In addition, naturally acquired human antibodies to the N- and C- termini of PfMAAP are associated with a reduced risk of malaria in a prospective cohort analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince B. Nyarko
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Essel Charles-Chess
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Ansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Faith H. A. Osier
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Quansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gathoni Kamuyu
- Division of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J. Conway
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin K. A. Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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7
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Aniweh Y, Nyarko PB, Quansah E, Thiam LG, Awandare GA. SMIM1 at a glance; discovery, genetic basis, recent progress and perspectives. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 5:e00101. [PMID: 30906890 PMCID: PMC6416411 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent elucidation of the genetic basis of the Vel blood group system has offered the field of blood transfusion medicine an additional consideration in determining the causes of hemolytic reactions after a patient is transfused. The identification of the SMIM1 gene to be responsible for the Vel blood group allows molecular based tools to be developed to further dissect the function of this antigen. Genetic signatures such as the homozygous 17 bp deletion and the heterozygous 17 bp deletion in combination with other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion sequences regulate the expression level of the gene. With this knowledge, it is now possible to study this antigen in-depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Aniweh
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince B. Nyarko
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Quansah
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Frimpong A, Thiam LG, Arko-Boham B, Owusu EDA, Adjei GO. Safety and effectiveness of antimalarial therapy in sickle cell disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:650. [PMID: 30541465 PMCID: PMC6292161 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 80% of all reported sickle cell disease (SCD) cases in children anually are recorded in Africa. Although malaria is considered a major cause of death in SCD children, there is limited data on the safety and effectiveness of the available antimalarial drugs used for prophylaxis. Also, previous systematic reviews have not provided quantitative measures of preventive effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to determine the safety and effectiveness of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis used in SCD patients. METHODS We searched in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, POPLine and Cochrane library, for the period spanning January 1990 to April 2018. We considered randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing any antimalarial chemoprophylaxis to, 1) other antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, 2) placebo or 3) no intervention, in SCD patients. Studies comparing at least two treatment arms, for a minimum duration of three months, with no restriction on the number of patients per arm were reviewed. The data were extracted and expressed as odds ratios. Direct pairwise comparisons were performed using fixed effect models and the heterogeneity assessed using the I-square. RESULTS Six qualified studies that highlighted the importance of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis in SCD children were identified. In total, seven different interventions (Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Mefloquine artesunate, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine amodiaquine) were evaluated in 912 children with SCD. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that antimalarial chemoprophylaxis provided protection against parasitemia and clinical malaria episodes in children with SCD. Nevertheless, the risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.267-1.959; I2 = 0.0%), blood transfusion (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.542-1.280; I2 = 29.733%), vaso-occlusive crisis (OR = 19, 95% CI = 1.713-2.792; I2 = 93.637%), and mortality (OR = 0.511, 95% CI = 0.189-1.384; I2 = 0.0%) did not differ between the intervention and placebo groups. CONCLUSION The data shows that antimalarial prophylaxis reduces the incidence of clinical malaria in children with SCD. However, there was no difference between the occurrence of adverse events in children who received placebo and those who received prophylaxis. This creates an urgent need to assess the efficacy of new antimalarial drug regimens as potential prophylactic agents in SCD patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42016052514).
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustina Frimpong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Arko-Boham
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ewurama Dedea Ampadu Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George O Adjei
- Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- Office of Research Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Niang M, Thiam LG, Sane R, Diagne N, Talla C, Doucoure S, Faye J, Diop F, Badiane A, Diouf B, Camara D, Diene-Sarr F, Sokhna C, Richard V, Toure-Balde A. Substantial asymptomatic submicroscopic Plasmodium carriage during dry season in low transmission areas in Senegal: Implications for malaria control and elimination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182189. [PMID: 28771615 PMCID: PMC5542561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the progress towards malaria elimination, the accurate diagnosis of low-density asymptomatic infections is critical. Low-density asymptomatic submicroscopic malaria infections may act as silent reservoirs that maintain low-level residual malaria transmission in the community. Light microscopy, the gold standard in malaria diagnosis lacks the sensitivity to detect low-level parasitaemia. In this study, the presence and prevalence of submicroscopic Plasmodium carriage were investigated to estimate the parasites reservoir among asymptomatic individuals living in low transmission areas in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal during the dry season. Methods A total of 2,037 blood samples were collected during cross-sectional surveys prior the malaria transmission season in July 2013 (N = 612), June 2014 (N = 723) and June 2015 (N = 702) from asymptomatic individuals living in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal. Samples were used to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic Plasmodium carriage by real time PCR (qPCR) in comparison to microscopy considered as gold standard. Results The prevalence of submicroscopic Plasmodium carriage was 3.75% (23/612), 12.44% (90/723) and 6.41% (45/702) in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. No Plasmodium carriage was detected by microscopy in 2013 while microscopy-based prevalence of Plasmodium carriage accounted for only 0.27% (2/723) and 0.14% (1/702) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for the majority of submicroscopic infections and represented 86.95% (20/23), 81.11% (73/90) and 95.55 (43/45) of infections in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Conclusion Low-density submicroscopic asymptomatic Plasmodium carriage is common in the study areas during the dry season indicating that traditional measures are insufficient to assess the scale of parasite reservoir when transmission reaches very low level. Control and elimination strategies may wish to consider using molecular methods to identify parasites carriers to guide Mass screening and Treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rokhaya Sane
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, URMITE UMR 198, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Doucoure
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, URMITE UMR 198, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fode Diop
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Babacar Diouf
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Diogop Camara
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Cheikh Sokhna
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, URMITE UMR 198, Dakar, Sénégal
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Niang M, Thiam LG, Sow A, Loucoubar C, Bob NS, Diop F, Diouf B, Niass O, Mansourou A, Varela ML, Perraut R, Sall AA, Toure-Balde A. A molecular survey of acute febrile illnesses reveals Plasmodium vivax infections in Kedougou, southeastern Senegal. Malar J 2015; 14:281. [PMID: 26186936 PMCID: PMC4506577 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control efforts towards malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum significantly decreased the incidence of the disease in many endemic countries including Senegal. Surprisingly, in Kedougou (southeastern Senegal) P. falciparum malaria remains highly prevalent and the relative contribution of other Plasmodium species to the global malaria burden is very poorly documented, partly due to the low sensitivity of routine diagnostic tools. Molecular methods offer better estimate of circulating Plasmodium species in a given area. A molecular survey was carried out to document circulating malaria parasites in Kedougou region. METHODS A total of 263 long-term stored sera obtained from patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Kedougou between July 2009 and July 2013 were used for malaria parasite determination. Sera were withdrawn from a collection established as part of a surveillance programme of arboviruses infections in the region. Plasmodium species were characterized by a nested PCR-based approach targeting the 18S small sub-unit ribosomal RNA genes of Plasmodium spp. RESULTS Of the 263 sera screened in this study, Plasmodium genomic DNA was amplifiable by nested PCR from 62.35% (164/263) of samples. P. falciparum accounted for the majority of infections either as single in 85.97% (141/164) of Plasmodium-positive samples or mixed with Plasmodium ovale (11.58%, 19/164) or Plasmodium vivax (1.21%, 2/164). All 19 (11.58%) P. ovale-infected patients were mixed with P. falciparum, while no Plasmodium malariae was detected in this survey. Four patients (2.43%) were found to be infected by P. vivax, two of whom were mixed with P. falciparum. P. vivax infections originated from Bandafassi and Ninefesha villages and concerned patients aged 4, 9, 10, and 15 years old, respectively. DNA sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that sequences from Kedougou corresponded to P. vivax, therefore confirming the presence of P. vivax infections in Senegal. CONCLUSION The results confirm the high prevalence of P. falciparum in Kedougou and provide the first molecular evidence of P. vivax infections in Senegal. These findings pave the ways for further investigations of P. vivax infections in Senegal and its contribution to the global burden of malaria disease before targeted strategies can be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Laty Gaye Thiam
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
- Department of Animal Biology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Abdourahmane Sow
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Ndeye Sakha Bob
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Fode Diop
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Oumy Niass
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Amadou A Sall
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
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