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Grimmelpont M, Payton L, Lefrançois C, Tran D. Molecular and behavioural responses of the mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to a marine heatwave. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106418. [PMID: 38402777 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHW) threaten marine organisms and tend to increase in frequency and intensity. We exposed the blue mussel Mytilus edulis to a MHW lasting 23 days, including two 10-d periods of thermal intensity increase of +5 °C (20 °C-25 °C) interspersed by 1 day back to 20 °C, followed by a 4-d recovery period. We investigated behaviour responses of mussels and gene expression changes relative to the circadian rhythm (Per), oxidative stress (SOD), cellular apoptosis (CASP3), energy production (ATPs), and general stress response (hsp70). Results showed that the MHW disturbed the valve activity of mussels. Particularly, mussels increased the number of valve micro-closures, showing a stressful state of organisms. Mussels also decreased Per, CASP3, ATPs, and Hsp70 gene expression. Some behavioural and molecular effects persisted after the MHW, suggesting a limited recovery capacity of individuals. This work highlighted the vulnerability of M. edulis to a realistic MHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Grimmelpont
- La Rochelle University/CNRS France - UMR7266 LIENSs, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Laura Payton
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Christel Lefrançois
- La Rochelle University/CNRS France - UMR7266 LIENSs, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Damien Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
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2
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Botté A, Payton L, Lefeuvre E, Tran D. Is part-night lighting a suitable mitigation strategy to limit Artificial Light at Night effects on the biological rhythm at the behavioral and molecular scales of the oyster Crassostrea gigas? Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167052. [PMID: 37714354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is a fast-spreading threat to organisms, especially in coastal environments, where night lighting is increasing due to constant anthropization. Considering that ALAN affects a large diversity of coastal organisms, finding efficient solutions to limit these effects is of great importance but poorly investigated. The potential benefit of one strategy, in particular, should be studied since its use is growing: part-night lighting (PNL), which consists in switching off the lights for a few hours during nighttime. The aim of this study is to investigate the positive potential of the PNL strategy on the daily rhythm of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a key species of coastal areas of ecological and commercial interest. Oysters were exposed to a control condition and three different ALAN modalities. A realistic PNL condition is applied, recreating a strategy of city policy in a coastal city boarding an urbanized bay (Lanton, Arcachon Bay, France). The PNL modality consists in switching off ALAN direct sources (5 lx) for 4 h (23-3 h) during which oysters are in darkness. Then, a PNL + skyglow (PNL + S) modality reproduces the previous one mimicking a skyglow (0.1 lx), an indirect ALAN source, during the direct lighting switch off, to get as close as possible to realistic conditions. Finally, the third ALAN condition mimics full-night direct lighting (FNL). Results revealed that PNL reduces some adverse effects of FNL on the behavioral daily rhythm. But, counterintuitively, PNL + S appears more harmful than FNL for some parameters of the behavioral daily rhythm. PNL + S modality is also the only one that affect oysters' clock and melatonin synthesis gene expression, suggesting physiological consequences. Thus, in realistic conditions, the PNL mitigation strategy might not be beneficial in the presence of skyglow, seeing worse for a coastal organism such as the oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Botté
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laura Payton
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Elisa Lefeuvre
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Damien Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France.
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3
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Botte A, Payton L, Tran D. The effects of artificial light at night on behavioral rhythm and related gene expression are wavelength dependent in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:120375-120386. [PMID: 37938485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) constitutes a growing threat to coastal ecosystems by altering natural light cycles, which could impair organisms' biological rhythms, with resulting physiological and ecological consequences. Coastal ecosystems are strongly exposed to ALAN, but its effects on coastal organisms are poorly studied. Besides ALAN's intensity, ALAN's quality exposure may change the impacts on organisms. This study aims to characterize the effects of different ALAN's spectral compositions (monochromatic wavelength lights in red (peak at 626 nm), green (peak at 515 nm), blue (peak at 467 nm), and white (410-680 nm) light) at low and realistic intensity (1 lx) on the oyster Crassostrea gigas daily rhythm. Results reveal that all ALAN's treatments affect the oysters' daily valve activity rhythm in different manners and the overall expression of the 13 studied genes. Eight of these genes are involved in the oyster's circadian clock, 2 are clock-associated genes, and 3 are light perception genes. The blue light has the most important effects on oysters' valve behavior and clock and clock-associated gene expression. Interestingly, red and green lights also show significant impacts on the daily rhythm, while the lowest impacts are shown with the green light. Finally, ALAN white light shows the same impact as the blue one in terms of loss of rhythmic oysters' percentage, but the chronobiological parameters of the remaining rhythmic oysters are less disrupted than when exposed to each of the monochromatic light's treatments alone. We conclude that ALAN's spectral composition does influence its effect on oysters' daily rhythm, which could give clues to limit physiological and ecological impacts on coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Botte
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Laura Payton
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Damien Tran
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120, Arcachon, France.
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4
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Botté A, Payton L, Tran D. Artificial light at night at environmental intensities disrupts daily rhythm of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114850. [PMID: 37019034 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) masks the natural light cycles and thus can disturb the synchronization of organisms' biological rhythms with their environment. Although coastlines are highly exposed to this growing threat, studies concerning the impacts of ALAN on coastal organisms remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the ALAN exposure effects at environmentally realistic intensities (0.1, 1, 10, 25 lx) on the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a sessile bivalve subject to light pollution on shores. We focused on the effects on oyster's daily rhythm at behavioral and molecular levels. Our results showed that ALAN disrupts the oyster's daily rhythm by increasing valve activity and annihilating day / night differences of expression of circadian clock and clock-associated genes. ALAN effects occur starting from 0.1 lx, in the range of artificial skyglow illuminances. We concluded that realistic ALAN exposure affects oysters' biological rhythm, which could lead to severe physiological and ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Botté
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laura Payton
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Damien Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France.
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Payton L, Noirot C, Last KS, Grigor J, Hüppe L, Conway DVP, Dannemeyer M, Suin A, Meyer B. Annual transcriptome of a key zooplankton species, the copepod
Calanus finmarchicus. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8605. [PMID: 35228860 PMCID: PMC8861585 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea, Copepoda) is a key zooplanktonic species with a crucial position in the North Atlantic food web and significant contributor to ocean carbon flux. Like many other high latitude animals, it has evolved a programmed arrested development called diapause to cope with long periods of limited food supply, while growth and reproduction are timed to take advantage of seasonal peaks in primary production. However, anthropogenic warming is inducing changes in the expected timing of phytoplankton blooms, suggesting phenological mismatches with negative consequences for the N. Atlantic ecosystem. While diapause mechanisms are mainly studied in terrestrial arthropods, specifically on laboratory model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila, the molecular investigations of annual rhythms in wild marine species remain fragmentary. Here we performed a rigorous year‐long monthly sampling campaign of C. finmarchicus in a Scottish Loch (UK; 56.45°N, 5.18°W) to generate an annual transcriptome. The mRNA of 36 samples (monthly triplicate of 25 individuals) have been deeply sequenced with an average depth of 137 ± 4 million reads (mean ± SE) per sample, aligned to the reference transcriptome, and filtered. We detail the quality assessment of the datasets and provide a high‐quality resource for the investigation of wild annual transcriptomic rhythms (35,357 components) in a key diapausing zooplanktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Céline Noirot
- Plateforme bio‐informatique GenoToul MIATINRAEUR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Kim S. Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science Oban UK
| | | | - Lukas Hüppe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
- Neurobiology and Genetics Theodor‐Boveri Institute Biocentre University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | | | - Mona Dannemeyer
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Amandine Suin
- Plateforme Génomique INRAE US 1426 GeT‐PlaGe Centre INRAE de Toulouse Occitanie Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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6
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Payton L, Noirot C, Hoede C, Hüppe L, Last K, Wilcockson D, Ershova EA, Valière S, Meyer B. Daily transcriptomes of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice at high Arctic latitudes. Sci Data 2020; 7:415. [PMID: 33235200 PMCID: PMC7686379 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The zooplankter Calanus finmarchicus is a member of the so-called "Calanus Complex", a group of copepods that constitutes a key element of the Arctic polar marine ecosystem, providing a crucial link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Climate change induces the shift of C. finmarchicus to higher latitudes with currently unknown impacts on its endogenous timing. Here we generated a daily transcriptome of C. finmarchicus at two high Arctic stations, during the more extreme time of Midnight Sun, the summer solstice. While the southern station (74.5 °N) was sea ice-free, the northern one (82.5 °N) was sea ice-covered. The mRNAs of the 42 samples have been sequenced with an average of 126 ± 5 million reads (mean ± SE) per sample, and aligned to the reference transcriptome. We detail the quality assessment of the datasets and the complete annotation procedure, providing the possibility to investigate daily gene expression of this ecologically important species at high Arctic latitudes, and to compare gene expression according to latitude and sea ice-coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111, Germany. .,Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.
| | - Céline Noirot
- Plateforme bio-informatique GenoToul, MIAT, INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claire Hoede
- Plateforme bio-informatique GenoToul, MIAT, INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lukas Hüppe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111, Germany.,Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111, Germany
| | - Kim Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Elizaveta A Ershova
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway.,Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimova Avenue, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997, Russia
| | - Sophie Valière
- Plateforme Génomique, INRAE US 1426 GeT-PlaGe, Centre INRAE de Toulouse Occitanie, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111, Germany.,Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111, Germany
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7
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Hüppe L, Payton L, Last K, Wilcockson D, Ershova E, Meyer B. Evidence for oscillating circadian clock genes in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice in the high Arctic. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200257. [PMID: 32673547 PMCID: PMC7423037 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock provides a mechanism for anticipating environmental cycles and is synchronized by temporal cues such as daily light/dark cycle or photoperiod. However, the Arctic environment is characterized by several months of Midnight Sun when the sun is continuously above the horizon and where sea ice further attenuates photoperiod. To test if the oscillations of circadian clock genes remain in synchrony with subtle environmental changes, we sampled the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a key zooplankter in the north Atlantic, to determine in situ daily circadian clock gene expression near the summer solstice at a southern (74.5° N) sea ice-free and a northern (82.5° N) sea ice-covered station. Results revealed significant oscillation of genes at both stations, indicating the persistence of the clock at this time. While copepods from the southern station showed oscillations in the daily range, those from the northern station exhibited an increase in ultradian oscillations. We suggest that in C. finmarchicus, even small daily changes of solar altitude seem to be sufficient to entrain the circadian clock and propose that at very high latitudes, in under-ice ecosystems, tidal cues may be used as an additional entrainment cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hüppe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Laura Payton
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Kim Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.,Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 36 Nakhimova Avenue, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Biosciences, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Marine coastal habitats are complex cyclic environments as a result of sun and moon interactions. In contrast with the well-known circadian orchestration of the terrestrial animal rhythmicity (approx. 24 h), the mechanism responsible for the circatidal rhythm (approx. 12.4 h) remains largely elusive in marine organisms. We revealed in subtidal field conditions that the oyster Crassostrea gigas exhibits tidal rhythmicity of circadian clock genes and clock-associated genes. A free-running (FR) experiment showed an endogenous circatidal rhythm. In parallel, we showed in the field that oysters' valve behaviour exhibited a strong tidal rhythm combined with a daily rhythm. In the FR experiment, all behavioural rhythms were circatidal, and half of them were also circadian. Our results fuel the debate on endogenous circatidal mechanisms. In contrast with the current hypothesis on the existence of an independent tidal clock, we suggest that a single 'circadian/circatidal' clock in bivalves is sufficient to entrain behavioural patterns at tidal and daily frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Tran
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Pierre Ciret
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laura Payton
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France.,EPOC, CNRS, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon, France
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9
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Agizew T, Boyd R, Auld AF, Payton L, Pals SL, Lekone P, Chihota V, Finlay A. Treatment outcomes, diagnostic and therapeutic impact: Xpert vs. smear. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:82-92. [PMID: 30674379 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with smear microscopy, Xpert® MTB/RIF has the potential to reduce delays in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment initiation, and improve treatment outcomes. We reviewed publications comparing treatment outcomes of drug-susceptible TB patients diagnosed using Xpert vs. smear. METHODS Citations (2000-2016) reporting treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed using Xpert compared with smear were selected from PubMed, Scopus and conference abstracts. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Favorable (cured, completed) and unfavorable (failure, death, loss to follow-up) outcomes were pooled for meta-analysis; we also reviewed the number of TB cases diagnosed, time to treatment and empiric treatment. The Mantel-Haenszel method with a fixed-effect model was used; I² was calculated to measure heterogeneity. RESULTS From 13 citations, 43 594 TB patients were included and 4825 were with known TB treatment outcome. From the pooled analysis, an unfavorable outcomes among those diagnosed using Xpert compared with smear was 20.2%, 541/2675 vs. 21.9%, 470/2150 (risk ratio 0.92, 95%CI 0.82-1.02). Statistical heterogeneity was low (I² = 0.0%, P = 0.910). Compared with smear, Xpert was reported to be superior in increasing the number of TB patients diagnosed (2/9 citations), increasing bacteriologically confirmed TB (7/9 citations), reducing empiric treatment (3/5 citations), reducing time to diagnosis (2/3 citations), and reducing time to treatment initiation (1/5 citations). CONCLUSIONS Xpert implementation showed no discernible impact on treatment outcomes compared with conventional smear despite reduced time to diagnosis, time to treatment or reduced level of empiric treatment. Further research is required to learn more about gaps in the existing health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Agizew
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gaborone, Botswana, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - R Boyd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gaborone, Botswana, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
| | - A F Auld
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - L Payton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - S L Pals
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - P Lekone
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - V Chihota
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Finlay
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gaborone, Botswana, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
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10
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Abstract
Organisms possess endogenous clock mechanisms that are synchronized to external cues and orchestrate biological rhythms. Internal timing confers the advantage of being able to anticipate environmental cycles inherent in life on Earth and to prepare accordingly. Moonlight-entrained rhythms are poorly described, being much less investigated than circadian and circannual rhythms synchronized by sunlight. Yet focus on these lunar rhythms is highly relevant to understanding temporal organization of biological processes. Here, we investigate moonlight cycle effects on valve activity behaviour of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Our results show that oysters modulate valve behaviour according to both intensity and direction of the lunar illumination cycle. As a consequence, valve opening amplitude is significantly increased at third quarter Moons (decreasing lunar illumination) compared with first quarter Moons (increasing lunar illumination) despite identical lunar illumination, and this indicates that oyster modulation of valve behaviour by moonlight cycles is not a direct response to lunar illumination. We propose that oysters use moonlight cycles to synchronize behaviour and also other physiological and ecological aspects of this benthic mollusc bivalve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- 1 University of Bordeaux , EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon , France.,2 CNRS, EPOC , UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon , France
| | - Damien Tran
- 1 University of Bordeaux , EPOC, UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon , France.,2 CNRS, EPOC , UMR 5805, 33120 Arcachon , France
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11
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Mat AM, Klopp C, Payton L, Jeziorski C, Chalopin M, Amzil Z, Tran D, Wikfors GH, Hégaret H, Soudant P, Huvet A, Fabioux C. Oyster transcriptome response to Alexandrium exposure is related to saxitoxin load and characterized by disrupted digestion, energy balance, and calcium and sodium signaling. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:127-137. [PMID: 29621672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms are worldwide occurrences that can cause poisoning in human seafood consumers as well as mortality and sublethal effets in wildlife, propagating economic losses. One of the most widespread toxigenic microalgal taxa is the dinoflagellate Genus Alexandrium, that includes species producing neurotoxins referred to as PST (Paralytic Shellfish Toxins). Blooms cause shellfish harvest restrictions to protect human consumers from accumulated toxins. Large inter-individual variability in toxin load within an exposed bivalve population complicates monitoring of shellfish toxicity for ecology and human health regulation. To decipher the physiological pathways involved in the bivalve response to PST, we explored the whole transcriptome of the digestive gland of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fed experimentally with a toxic Alexandrium minutum culture. The largest differences in transcript abundance were between oysters with contrasting toxin loads (1098 transcripts), rather than between exposed and non-exposed oysters (16 transcripts), emphasizing the importance of toxin load in oyster response to toxic dinoflagellates. Additionally, penalized regressions, innovative in this field, modeled accurately toxin load based upon only 70 transcripts. Transcriptomic differences between oysters with contrasting PST burdens revealed a limited suite of metabolic pathways affected, including ion channels, neuromuscular communication, and digestion, all of which are interconnected and linked to sodium and calcium exchanges. Carbohydrate metabolism, unconsidered previously in studies of harmful algal effects on shellfish, was also highlighted, suggesting energy challenge in oysters with high toxin loads. Associations between toxin load, genotype, and mRNA levels were revealed that open new doors for genetic studies identifying genetically-based low toxin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Mat
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Laura Payton
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | | | - Morgane Chalopin
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Damien Tran
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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12
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Castrec J, Soudant P, Payton L, Tran D, Miner P, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Huvet A, Quillien V, Boullot F, Amzil Z, Hégaret H, Fabioux C. Bioactive extracellular compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum are highly detrimental for oysters. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:188-198. [PMID: 29653309 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp., known as producers of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are regularly detected on the French coastline. PSTs accumulate into harvested shellfish species, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and can cause strong disorders to consumers at high doses. The impacts of Alexandrium minutum on C. gigas have often been attributed to its production of PSTs without testing separately the effects of the bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with allelopathic, hemolytic, cytotoxic or ichthyotoxic properties, which can also be produced by these algae. The BECs, still uncharacterized, are excreted within the environment thereby impacting not only phytoplankton, zooplankton but also marine invertebrates and fishes, without implicating any PST. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of three strains of A. minutum producing either only PSTs, only BECs, or both PSTs and BECs, on the oyster C. gigas. Behavioral and physiological responses of oysters exposed during 4 days were monitored and showed contrasted behavioral and physiological responses in oysters supposedly depending on produced bioactive substances. The non-PST extracellular-compound-producing strain primarily strongly modified valve-activity behavior of C. gigas and induced hemocyte mobilization within the gills, whereas the PST-producing strain caused inflammatory responses within the digestive gland and disrupted the daily biological rhythm of valve activity behavior. BECs may therefore have a significant harmful effect on the gills, which is one of the first organ in contact with the extracellular substances released in the water by A. minutum. Conversely, the PSTs impact the digestive gland, where they are released and mainly accumulated, after degradation of algal cells during digestion process of bivalves. This study provides a better understanding of the toxicity of A. minutum on oyster and highlights the significant role of BECs in this toxicity calling for further chemical characterization of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castrec
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - P Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - L Payton
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - D Tran
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - P Miner
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - V Quillien
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F Boullot
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Z Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - H Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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13
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Payton L, Sow M, Massabuau JC, Ciret P, Tran D. How annual course of photoperiod shapes seasonal behavior of diploid and triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185918. [PMID: 29020114 PMCID: PMC5636115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we study if ploidy (i.e. number of copies of chromosomes) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas may introduce differences in behavior and in its synchronization by the annual photoperiod. To answer to the question about the effect of the seasonal course of the photoperiod on the behavior of C. gigas according to its ploidy, we quantified valve activity by HFNI valvometry in situ for 1 year in both diploid and triploid oysters. Chronobiological analyses of daily, tidal and lunar rhythms were performed according the annual change of the photoperiod. In parallel, growth and gametogenesis status were measured and spawning events were detected by valvometry. The results showed that triploids had reduced gametogenesis, without spawning events, and approximately three times more growth than diploids. These differences in physiological efforts could explain the result that photoperiod (daylength and/or direction of daylength) differentially drives and modulates seasonal behavior of diploid and triploid oysters. Most differences were observed during long days (spring and summer), where triploids showed longer valve opening duration but lower opening amplitude, stronger daily rhythm and weaker tidal rhythm. During this period, diploids did major gametogenesis and spawning whereas triploids did maximal growth. Differences were also observed in terms of moonlight rhythmicity and neap-spring tidal cycle rhythmicity. We suggest that the seasonal change of photoperiod differentially synchronizes oyster behavior and biological rhythms according to physiological needs based on ploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
| | - Mohamedou Sow
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Massabuau
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
| | - Pierre Ciret
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
| | - Damien Tran
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Payton L, Perrigault M, Bourdineaud JP, Marcel A, Massabuau JC, Tran D. Trojan Horse Strategy for Non-invasive Interference of Clock Gene in the Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2017; 19:361-371. [PMID: 28674930 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is a powerful method to inhibit specific gene expression. Recently, silencing target genes by feeding has been successfully carried out in nematodes, insects, and small aquatic organisms. A non-invasive feeding-based RNA interference is reported here for the first time in a mollusk bivalve, the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In this Trojan horse strategy, the unicellular alga Heterocapsa triquetra is the food supply used as a vector to feed oysters with Escherichia coli strain HT115 engineered to express the double-stranded RNA targeting gene. To test the efficacy of the method, the Clock gene, a central gene of the circadian clock, was targeted for knockout. Results demonstrated specific and systemic efficiency of the Trojan horse strategy in reducing Clock mRNA abundance. Consequences of Clock disruption were observed in Clock-related genes (Bmal, Tim1, Per, Cry1, Cry2, Rev.-erb, and Ror) and triploid oysters were more sensitive than diploid to the interference. This non-invasive approach shows an involvement of the circadian clock in oyster bioaccumulation of toxins produced by the harmful alga Alexandrium minutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- EPOC, UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- EPOC, UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- CNRS, UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Anjara Marcel
- EPOC, UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Massabuau
- EPOC, UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Damien Tran
- EPOC, UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France.
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15
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Payton L, Perrigault M, Hoede C, Massabuau JC, Sow M, Huvet A, Boullot F, Fabioux C, Hegaret H, Tran D. Remodeling of the cycling transcriptome of the oyster Crassostrea gigas by the harmful algae Alexandrium minutum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3480. [PMID: 28615697 PMCID: PMC5471176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a marine organism, the oyster Crassostrea gigas inhabits a complex biotope governed by interactions between the moon and the sun cycles. We used next-generation sequencing to investigate temporal regulation of oysters under light/dark entrainment and the impact of harmful algal exposure. We found that ≈6% of the gills' transcriptome exhibits circadian expression, characterized by a nocturnal and bimodal pattern. Surprisingly, a higher number of ultradian transcripts were also detected under solely circadian entrainment. The results showed that a bloom of Alexandrium minutum generated a remodeling of the bivalve's temporal structure, characterized by a loss of oscillations, a genesis of de novo oscillating transcripts, and a switch in the period of oscillations. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the diurnal landscape of the oyster's transcriptome and pleiotropic remodeling due to toxic algae exposure, revealing the intrinsic plasticity of the cycling transcriptome in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Payton
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Claire Hoede
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Charles Massabuau
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Mohamedou Sow
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER), CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Floriane Boullot
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER), CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER), CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Hegaret
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER), CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Damien Tran
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
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16
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Boullot F, Castrec J, Bidault A, Dantas N, Payton L, Perrigault M, Tran D, Amzil Z, Boudry P, Soudant P, Hégaret H, Fabioux C. Molecular Characterization of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Relations with Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15010021. [PMID: 28106838 PMCID: PMC5295241 DOI: 10.3390/md15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and block conduction of action potential in excitable cells. This study aimed to (i) characterize Nav sequences in Crassostrea gigas and (ii) investigate a putative relation between Nav and PST-bioaccumulation in oysters. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted two types of Nav in C. gigas: a Nav1 (CgNav1) and a Nav2 (CgNav2) with sequence properties of sodium-selective and sodium/calcium-selective channels, respectively. Three alternative splice transcripts of CgNav1 named A, B and C, were characterized. The expression of CgNav1, analyzed by in situ hybridization, is specific to nervous cells and to structures corresponding to neuromuscular junctions. Real-time PCR analyses showed a strong expression of CgNav1A in the striated muscle while CgNav1B is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia. CgNav1C expression is ubiquitous. The PST binding site (domain II) of CgNav1 variants possess an amino acid Q that could potentially confer a partial saxitoxin (STX)-resistance to the channel. The CgNav1 genotype or alternative splicing would not be the key point determining PST bioaccumulation level in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Boullot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Justine Castrec
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Adeline Bidault
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Natanael Dantas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Laura Payton
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Damien Tran
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Pierre Boudry
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Walsh WT, Payton L. Rubella immunity in young women. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:178. [PMID: 10694019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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18
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Payton L. Modular inpatient care unit eases critical bed shortage. Calif Hosp 1991; 5:32-3. [PMID: 10109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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