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Djaïleb L, De Leiris N, Canu M, Sy OP, Seiller A, Leenhardt J, Charlon C, Faure M, Caillard J, Broisat A, Borel AL, Lablanche S, Betry C, Ghezzi C, Vanzetto G, Fagret D, Riou LM, Barone-Rochette G. Regional CZT myocardial perfusion reserve for the detection of territories with simultaneously impaired CFR and IMR in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease: a pilot study. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1656-1667. [PMID: 36813934 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic performances of CZT myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) for the detection of territories with simultaneous impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. METHODS Patients were prospectively included before being referred for coronary angiography. All patients underwent CZT MPR before invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and coronary physiology assessment. Rest and dipyridamole-induced stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MPR were quantified using 99mTc-SestaMIBI and a CZT camera. Fractional flow reserve (FFR), Thermodilution CFR, and IMR were assessed during ICA. RESULTS Between December 2016 and July 2019, 36 patients were included. 25/36 patients presented no obstructive coronary artery disease. A complete functional assessment was performed in 32 arteries. No territory presented a significant ischemia on CZT myocardial perfusion imaging. A moderate yet significant correlation was observed between regional CZT MPR and CFR (r = 0.4, P = .03). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy of regional CZT MPR versus the composite invasive criterion (impaired CFR and IMR) were 87 [47% to 99%], 92% [73% to 99%], 78% [47% to 93%], 96% [78% to 99%], and 91% [75% to 98%], respectively. All territories with a regional CZT MPR ≤ 1.8 showed a CFR < 2. Regional CZT MPR values were significantly higher in arteries with CFR ≥ 2 and IMR < 25 (negative composite criterion, n = 14) than in those with CFR < 2 and IMR ≥ 25 (2.6 [2.1 to 3.6] versus 1.6 [1.2 to 1.8]), P < .01). CONCLUSION Regional CZT MPR presented excellent diagnostic performances for the detection of territories with simultaneously impaired CFR and IMR reflecting a very high cardiovascular risk in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Djaïleb
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Nicolas De Leiris
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Canu
- Cardiology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Phan Sy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Seiller
- Clinical Investigation Center-Technological Innovation, INSERM CIC1406, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Leenhardt
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Clémence Charlon
- Cardiology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Faure
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jessica Caillard
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM, LRB, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Borel
- Endocrinology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lablanche
- Endocrinology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Betry
- Endocrinology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gérald Vanzetto
- Cardiology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- Nuclear Medicine Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent M Riou
- INSERM, LRB, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Barone-Rochette
- Cardiology Department, LRB, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Carabelli A, Canu M, de Fondaumière M, Debiossat M, Leenhardt J, Broisat A, Ghezzi C, Vanzetto G, Fagret D, Barone-Rochette G, Riou LM. Noninvasive assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction using SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial perfusion entropy quantification in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:809-820. [PMID: 34417856 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD) plays a major role in the occurrence of cardiovascular events (CVE). We recently suggested the clinical potential of myocardial perfusion entropy (MPE) quantification from SPECT myocardial perfusion images (MPI) for the prognosis of CVE occurrence. We hypothesized that the quantification of MPE from SPECT MPI would allow the assessment of CMVD-related MPE variations in a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) including treatment with the anti-diabetic incretin liraglutide (LIR). METHODS Optimal conditions for the preclinical quantification of MPE using 201Tl SPECT MPI were determined in rats with a T2D-like condition induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection (feasibility study, n = 43). Using such conditions, echocardiography and post-mortem LV capillary density evaluation were then used in order to assess the effect of LIR and the ability of MPE to assess CMVD (therapeutic study, n = 39). RESULTS The feasibility study identified dobutamine stress and acute NO synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition as optimal conditions for the quantification of MPE, with significant increases in MPE being observed in T2D animals (P < 0.01 vs controls). In the therapeutic study, T2D rats were hyperglycemic (5.5 ± 0.5 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 g/L for controls, P < 0.001) and had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (65 ± 4% vs 74 ± 9%, P < 0.01) and LV capillary density (2400 ± 300 vs 2800 ± 600 mm-3, P < 0.05). LIR partially restored glycemia (3.9 ± 0.6 g/L, P < 0.05 vs controls and T2D), totally prevented LVEF impairment (72 ± 7%, P = NS vs CTL), with no significant effect on capillary density. MPE was significantly increased in T2D rats (7.6 ± 0.5 vs 7.1 ± 0.5, P < 0.05), with no significant improvement in T2D-LIR rats (7.4 ± 0.4, P = NS vs controls and T2D). CONCLUSION MPE quantification allowed the preclinical noninvasive assessment of CMVD. Both MPE and capillary density quantification suggested that LIR did not improve T2D-induced CMVD. The relevance of MPE for CMVD assessment warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Carabelli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France.,UMR UGA-INSERM U1039 Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine La Tronche, Isere, France
| | - Marjorie Canu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Julien Leenhardt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gérald Vanzetto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent M Riou
- UMR UGA-INSERM U1039 Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine La Tronche, Isere, France. .,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Clerc R, Doll S, Riou LM, Perret P, Broisat A, Soubies A, Desruet MD, Fagret D, Schwebel C, Ghezzi C. Sympathetic cardiac function in early sepsis: Noninvasive evaluation with [ 123I]-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ( 123I-MIBG) in vivo SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:483-491. [PMID: 27572925 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic system abnormalities have been reported in sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of the norepinephrine radiolabeled analogue [123I]-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) for the noninvasive assessment of modifications in cardiac sympathetic activity occurring in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental acute sepsis by single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging (SPECT). METHODS AND RESULTS Sepsis was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg·kg-1 lipopolysaccharide (n = 16), whereas control animals (n = 7) were injected with vehicle (NaCl 0.9%). Echocardiography in LPS-injected animals (n = 8) demonstrated systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. 123I-MIBG was injected 1 hour after LPS or vehicle administration (n = 8 and 7, respectively), and in vivo SPECT imaging was performed early and late (20 and 180 minutes) after tracer injection prior to animal euthanasia and ex vivo assessment of 123I-MIBG biodistribution. Global and 17-segment SPECT image analysis indicated that early 123I-MIBG activity was not affected by LPS treatment, whereas late cardiac tracer activity was significantly decreased in LPS-treated animals. Consequently, the cardiac washout of 123I-MIBG was significantly higher in LPS-treated (63.3% ± 4.0%) than that in control animals (56.7% ± 5.8%) (P < .05). CONCLUSION Sepsis-induced modifications in cardiac sympathetic nervous system activity were evidenced by noninvasive in vivo 123I-MIBG SPECT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Clerc
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophia Doll
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent M Riou
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
- INSERM U1039, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Pascale Perret
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Soubies
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Desruet
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Schwebel
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- INSERM U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Dumas LS, Briand F, Clerc R, Brousseau E, Montemagno C, Ahmadi M, Bacot S, Soubies A, Perret P, Riou LM, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Barone-Rochette G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Sulpice T, Broisat A. Evaluation of Antiatherogenic Properties of Ezetimibe Using 3H-Labeled Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol and 99mTc-cAbVCAM1–5 SPECT in ApoE−/− Mice Fed the Paigen Diet. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1088-1093. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Carbonnelle E, Josserand V, Riou LM, Ormezzano O, Broisat A, Perret P, Barone-Rochette G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Preclinical characterization of a novel radiolabeled analog of practolol for the molecular imaging of myocardial β-adrenoceptor density. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:984-92. [PMID: 24875578 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great clinical potential of myocardial β-AR imaging has been shown by recent studies evaluating the β-AR-specific, non-selective agent [(11)C]-CGP12177 in the setting of idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. However, the short half-life of (11)C hampers the potential of [(11)C]-CGP12177 for routine clinical use. AMI9 is an analog of the β-adrenoceptor ligand practolol that can readily be labeled using radioactive isotopes of iodine. The present study was aimed at characterizing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo β-AR binding properties of [(125)I]-AMI9. METHODS AND RESULTS Newborn rat cardiomyocytes were used for saturation and kinetic binding assays as well as for displacement and competition experiments. Isolated perfused rat hearts were used to evaluate the pharmacological activity of AMI9. The in vivo kinetics of [(125)I]-AMI9 were studied using biodistribution experiments in mice. [1(25)I]-AMI9 displayed high specific affinity for β-AR with no β-AR subtype selectivity (K D, 5.6 ± 0.3 nM; B max, 231 ± 7 fmol·(mg protein)(-1)). AMI9 potently inhibited the inotropic effects of isoproterenol. The early in vivo cardiac and lung activities of [(125)I]-AMI9 compared favorably with those of the clinically validated tracer CGP12177. CONCLUSION Iodine-labeled AMI9 is a promising agent for the molecular imaging of myocardial β-AR density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Carbonnelle
- UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, INSERM, Grenoble, France
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Riou LM, Vanzetto G, Broisat A, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Equivocal usefulness of FDG for the noninvasive imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:2307-9. [PMID: 25253269 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques Grenoble, France, Université de Grenoble, UMR-S1039, Grenoble, 38000, France,
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Bozon-Petitprin A, Bacot S, Gauchez AS, Ahmadi M, Bourre JC, Marti-Batlle D, Perret P, Broisat A, Riou LM, Claron M, Boturyn D, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Vuillez JP. Targeted radionuclide therapy with RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with (90)Y or (177)Lu in a mouse model of αvβ3-expressing tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 42:252-63. [PMID: 25164771 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The αvβ3 integrin plays an important role in tumour-induced angiogenesis, tumour proliferation, survival and metastasis. The tetrameric RGD-based peptide, regioselectively addressable functionalized template-(cyclo-[RGDfK])4 (RAFT-RGD), specifically targets the αvβ3 integrin in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with β(-) emitters in a nude mouse model of αvβ3 integrin-expressing tumours. METHODS Biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed after injection of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD in nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG cells. Experimental targeted radionuclide therapy with (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD and (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD (nonspecific controls) was evaluated by intravenous injection of the radionuclides into mice bearing αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG tumours of different sizes (small or large) or bearing TS/A-pc tumours that do not express αvβ3. Tumour volume doubling time was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. RESULTS Injection of 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD into mice with large αvβ3-positive tumours or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD into mice with small αvβ3-positive tumours caused significant growth delays compared to mice treated with 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD or untreated mice. In contrast, injection of 30 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD had no effect on the growth of αvβ3-negative tumours. CONCLUSION (90)Y-RAFT-RGD and (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD are potent agents targeting αvβ3-expressing tumours for internal targeted radiotherapy.
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Broisat A, Toczek J, Dumas LS, Ahmadi M, Bacot S, Perret P, Slimani L, Barone-Rochette G, Soubies A, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Fagret D, Riou LM, Ghezzi C. 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5 imaging is a sensitive and reproducible tool for the detection of inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in mice. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1678-84. [PMID: 25157043 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.143792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, a single-domain antibody fragment directed against mouse or human vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), recently has been proposed as a new imaging agent for the detection of inflamed atherosclerotic lesions. Indeed, in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 specifically bound to VCAM-1-positive lesions, thereby allowing their identification on SPECT images. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 imaging sensitivity using a reference statin therapy. METHODS Thirty apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a western-type diet. First, the relationship between the level of VCAM-1 expression and (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake was evaluated in 18 mice using immunohistochemistry and autoradiography. Second, longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging was performed on control (n = 9) or atorvastatin-treated mice (0.01% w/w, n = 9). RESULTS (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake in atherosclerotic lesions correlated with the level of VCAM-1 expression (P < 0.05). Atorvastatin exerted significant antiatherogenic effects, and (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 lesion uptake was significantly reduced in 35-wk-old atorvastatin-treated mice, as indicated by ex vivo γ-well counting and autoradiography (P < 0.05). SPECT imaging quantification based on contrast-enhanced CT was reproducible (interexperimenter intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.97; intraexperimenter intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.90), and yielded results that were highly correlated with tracer biodistribution (r = 0.83; P < 0.0001). Therefore, reduced (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake in atorvastatin-treated mice was successfully monitored noninvasively by SPECT/CT imaging (0.87 ± 0.06 vs. 1.11 ± 0.09 percentage injected dose per cubic centimeter in control group, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 imaging allowed the specific, sensitive, and reproducible quantification of VCAM-1 expression in mouse atherosclerotic lesions. (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 therefore exhibits suitable characteristics for the evaluation of novel antiatherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Broisat
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent S Dumas
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitra Ahmadi
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Bacot
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Perret
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Lotfi Slimani
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Barone-Rochette
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France Cardiology Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Soubies
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; and Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Fagret
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent M Riou
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- Unité 1039, INSERM, Grenoble, France Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
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Toczek J, Broisat A, Perret P, Desruet MD, Fagret D, Riou LM, Ghezzi C. Periaortic brown adipose tissue as a major determinant of [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose vascular uptake in atherosclerosis-prone, apoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99441. [PMID: 25054923 PMCID: PMC4108473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been suggested for the clinical and experimental imaging of inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions. Significant FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been observed both in humans and mice. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of periaortic BAT on apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse atherosclerotic lesion imaging with FDG. METHODS ApoE-/- mice (36 ± 2 weeks-old) were injected with FDG (12 ± 2 MBq). Control animals (Group A, n = 7) were injected conscious and kept awake at room temperature (24°C) throughout the accumulation period. In order to minimize tracer activity in periaortic BAT, Group B (n = 7) and C (n = 6) animals were injected under anaesthesia at 37°C and Group C animals were additionally pre-treated with propranolol. PET/CT acquisitions were performed prior to animal euthanasia and ex vivo analysis of FDG biodistribution. RESULTS Autoradiographic imaging indicated higher FDG uptake in atherosclerotic lesions than in the normal aortic wall (all groups, P<0.05) and the blood (all groups, P<0.01) which correlated with macrophage infiltration (R = 0.47; P<0.001). However, periaortic BAT uptake was either significantly higher (Group A, P<0.05) or similar (Group B and C, P = NS) to that observed in atherosclerotic lesions and was shown to correlate with in vivo quantified aortic FDG activity. CONCLUSION Periaortic BAT FDG uptake was identified as a confounding factor while using FDG for the non-invasive imaging of mouse atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Pascale Perret
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Desruet
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Laurent M. Riou
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
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Riou LM, Broisat A, Ghezzi C, Finet G, Rioufol G, Gharib AM, Pettigrew RI, Ohayon J. Effects of mechanical properties and atherosclerotic artery size on biomechanical plaque disruption - mouse vs. human. J Biomech 2014; 47:765-72. [PMID: 24491495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of atherosclerosis are extensively being used to study the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque development and the results are frequently extrapolated to humans. However, major differences have been described between murine and human atherosclerotic lesions and the determination of similarities and differences between these species has been largely addressed recently. This study takes over and extends previous studies performed by our group and related to the biomechanical characterization of both mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. Its main objective was to determine the distribution and amplitude of mechanical stresses including peak cap stress (PCS) in aortic vessels from atherosclerotic apoE(-/-) mice, in order to evaluate whether such biomechanical data would be in accordance with the previously suggested lack of plaque rupture in this model. Successful finite element analysis was performed from the zero-stress configuration of aortic arch sections and mainly indicated (1) the modest role of atherosclerotic lesions in the observed increase in residual parietal stresses in apoE(-/-) mouse vessels and (2) the low amplitude of murine PCS as compared to humans. Overall, the results from the present study support the hypothesis that murine biomechanical properties and artery size confer less propensity to rupture for mouse lesions in comparison with those of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérard Finet
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard University Lyon1, INSERM Unit 886, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Rioufol
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard University Lyon1, INSERM Unit 886, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Science, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roderic I Pettigrew
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Science, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jacques Ohayon
- Laboratory TIMC-IMAG/DyCTiM, UJF, CNRS UMR 5525, In(3)S, Grenoble, France; Polytech Annecy-Chambéry, University of Savoie, Le Bourget du Lac, France.
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Dimastromatteo J, Broisat A, Perret P, Ahmadi M, Boturyn D, Dumy P, Fagret D, Riou LM, Ghezzi C. In vivo molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice using VCAM-1-specific, 99mTc-labeled peptidic sequences. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1442-9. [PMID: 23719858 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) plays a major role in the chronic inflammatory processes involved in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque development. We previously showed that the (99m)Tc-labeled major histocompatibility complex 1-derived peptide B2702p bound specifically to VCAM-1 and allowed the ex vivo imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. However, B2702p target-to-background ratio was suboptimal for the in vivo imaging of VCAM-1 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. To improve the target-to-background ratio, 20 derivatives of B2702p (B2702p1-B2702p20) were synthesized using the alanine scan methodology. We hypothesized that (99m)Tc-radiolabeled B2702p derivatives might allow the molecular imaging of VCAM-1 expression in an experimental model of atherosclerosis. METHODS A mouse model of focal atherosclerotic plaque development induced by left carotid artery ligation in apolipoprotein E double-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice was used (n = 82). (99m)Tc-B2702p and (99m)Tc-B2702p1-(99m)Tc-B2702p20 were injected intravenously in anesthetized animals 3 wk after the ligation. Whole-body planar imaging was performed for 3 h. SPECT imaging of 6 additional ligated ApoE(-/-) mice was also performed with (99m)Tc-B2702p1. The animals were then euthanized, and the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-labeled peptides was evaluated by γ-well counting of excised organs. Expression of VCAM-1 in the ligated and contralateral carotid arteries was evaluated by immunohistology. RESULTS Robust VCAM-1 immunostaining was observed in the left carotid atherosclerotic lesions as a consequence of artery ligation, whereas no VCAM-1 expression was detected in the contralateral carotid artery. Among all evaluated peptides, (99m)Tc-B2702p1 exhibited the most favorable properties. By γ-well counting, there was a significant 2.0-fold increase in the (99m)Tc-B2702p1 left-to-right carotid artery activity ratio (2.6 ± 0.6) and a 3.4-fold increase in the left carotid-to-blood activity ratio (1.4 ± 0.4) in comparison to (99m)Tc-B2702p (1.3 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively, P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Similarly, planar image quantification indicated a higher left-to-right carotid activity ratio in (99m)Tc-B2702p1- than in (99m)Tc-B2702p-injected mice (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.0, respectively, P < 0.05). Finally, a significantly higher (99m)Tc-B2702p1 activity in the left than in the right carotid artery was observed by SPECT imaging (2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3 cpm/mm(2)/injected dose, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-B2702p1 is a potentially useful radiotracer for the in vivo molecular imaging of VCAM-1 expression in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Broisat A, Hernot S, Toczek J, De Vos J, Riou LM, Martin S, Ahmadi M, Thielens N, Wernery U, Caveliers V, Muyldermans S, Lahoutte T, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Devoogdt N. Nanobodies targeting mouse/human VCAM1 for the nuclear imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. Circ Res 2012; 110:927-37. [PMID: 22461363 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.265140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A noninvasive tool allowing the detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is highly needed. By combining nanomolar affinities and fast blood clearance, nanobodies represent potential radiotracers for cardiovascular molecular imaging. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) constitutes a relevant target for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to generate, radiolabel, and evaluate anti-VCAM1 nanobodies for noninvasive detection of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten anti-VCAM1 nanobodies were generated, radiolabeled with technetium-99m, and screened in vitro on mouse and human recombinant VCAM1 proteins and endothelial cells and in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. A nontargeting control nanobody was used in all experiments to demonstrate specificity. All nanobodies displayed nanomolar affinities for murine VCAM1. Flow cytometry analyses using human human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicated murine and human VCAM1 cross-reactivity for 6 of 10 nanobodies. The lead compound cAbVCAM1-5 was cross-reactive for human VCAM1 and exhibited high lesion-to-control (4.95±0.85), lesion-to-heart (8.30±1.11), and lesion-to-blood ratios (4.32±0.48) (P<0.05 versus control C57Bl/6J mice). Aortic arch atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE(-/-) mice were successfully identified by single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. (99m)Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 binding specificity was demonstrated by in vivo competition experiments. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry further confirmed cAbVCAM1-5 uptake in VCAM1-positive lesions. CONCLUSIONS The (99m)Tc-labeled, anti-VCAM1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5 allowed noninvasive detection of VCAM1 expression and displayed mouse and human cross-reactivity. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of nanobodies as a new class of radiotracers for cardiovascular applications. The nanobody technology might evolve into an important research tool for targeted imaging of atherosclerotic lesions and has the potential for fast clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Broisat
- Laboratoire des Radiopharmaceutiques Bioclinique, INSERM 1039, Grenoble, France.
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Broisat A, Toczek J, Mesnier N, Tracqui P, Ghezzi C, Ohayon J, Riou LM. Assessing Low Levels of Mechanical Stress in Aortic Atherosclerotic Lesions From Apolipoprotein E
−/−
Mice—Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1007-10. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.225227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Despite the fact that mechanical stresses are well recognized as key determinants for atherosclerotic plaque rupture, very little is known about stress amplitude and distribution in atherosclerotic lesions, even in the standard apolipoprotein E (apoE)
−/−
mouse model of atherosclerosis. Our objectives were to combine immunohistology, atomic force microscopy measurements, and finite element computational analysis for the accurate quantification of stress amplitude and distribution in apoE
−/−
mouse aortic atherosclerotic lesions.
Methods and Results—
Residual stresses and strains were released by radially cutting aortic arch segments from 7- to 30-week-old pathological apoE
−/−
(n=25) and healthy control mice (n=20). Immunohistology, atomic force microscopy, and biomechanical modeling taking into account regional residual stresses and strains were performed. Maximum stress values were observed in the normal arterial wall (276±71 kPa), whereas low values (<20 kPa) were observed in all plaque areas. Stress distribution was not correlated to macrophage infiltration.
Conclusion—
Low mechanical stress amplitude was observed in apoE
−/−
mouse aortic atherosclerotic lesions. This original study provides a basis for further investigations aimed at determining whether low stress levels are responsible for the apparently higher stability of murine aortic atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Broisat
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Toczek
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Mesnier
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Tracqui
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Ohayon
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent M. Riou
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France (A.B., J.T., C.G., L.M.R.); UJF-Grenoble 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (N.M.), UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS (P.T.), and UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, Université de Savoie Polytech (J.O.), Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, DyCTiM Team (P.T., J.O.), Grenoble, France
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Riou LM, Broisat A. Novel SPECT perfusion imaging agents with improved myocardial or liver kinetics: experimental studies and the need for clinical evaluation. J Nucl Cardiol 2010; 17:771-4. [PMID: 20683788 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-010-9275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dimastromatteo J, Riou LM, Ahmadi M, Pons G, Pellegrini E, Broisat A, Sancey L, Gavrilina T, Boturyn D, Dumy P, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. In vivo molecular imaging of myocardial angiogenesis using the alpha(v)beta3 integrin-targeted tracer 99mTc-RAFT-RGD. J Nucl Cardiol 2010; 17:435-43. [PMID: 20087797 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-010-9191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial angiogenesis following reperfusion of an infarcted area may impact on patient prognosis and pro-angiogenic treatments are currently evaluated. The non-invasive imaging of angiogenesis would therefore be of potential clinical relevance in these settings. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD is a novel (99m)Tc-labeled tracer that targets the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. Our objective was to determine whether this tracer was suitable for myocardial angiogenesis imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS A rat model of reperfused myocardial infarction was employed. Fourteen days following reperfusion, the animals were injected with (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD or with its negative control (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD. Fourteen animals were dedicated to autoradiographic imaging, infarct staining, and gamma-well counting of myocardial activity. In vivo dual-isotope pinhole SPECT imaging of (201)Tl and (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD or (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD was also performed in 11 additional animals. Neovessels were observed by immunostaining in the infarcted and peri-infarct areas. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD infarct-to-normal ratios by gamma-well counting and ex vivo imaging (2.5 +/- 0.6 and 4.9 +/- 0.9, respectively) were significantly higher than those of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD (1.7 +/- 0.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.4, respectively, P < .05). The infarcted area was readily visible in vivo by SPECT with (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD but not with (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD (infarct-to-normal zone activity ratio, 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.7 +/- 0.4, respectively, P < .05). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD allowed the experimental in vivo molecular imaging of myocardial angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dimastromatteo
- INSERM U877, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, Grenoble, France
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Riou LM, Broisat A, Dimastromatteo J, Pons G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of nuclear tracers for the molecular imaging of vulnerable atherosclerosis: an overview. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:1499-511. [PMID: 19355903 DOI: 10.2174/092986709787909596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite major advances in the treatment of CVD, a high proportion of CVD victims die suddenly while being apparently healthy, the great majority of these accidents being due to the rupture or erosion of a vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaque. A non-invasive imaging methodology allowing the early detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in selected individuals prior to the occurrence of any symptom would therefore be of great public health benefit. Nuclear imaging could allow the identification of vulnerable patients by non-invasive in vivo scintigraphic imaging following administration of a radiolabeled tracer. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of radiotracers that have been recently evaluated for the detection of vulnerable plaques together with the biological rationale that initiated their development. Radiotracers targeted at the inflammatory process seem particularly relevant and promising. Recently, macrophage targeting allowed the experimental in vivo detection of atherosclerosis using either SPECT or PET. A few tracers have also been evaluated clinically. Targeting of apoptosis and macrophage metabolism both allowed the imaging of vulnerable plaques in carotid vessels of patients. However, nuclear imaging of vulnerable plaques at the level of coronary arteries remains challenging, mostly because of their small size and their vicinity with unbound circulating tracer. The experimental and pilot clinical studies reviewed in the present paper represent a fundamental step prior to the evaluation of the efficacy of any selected tracer for the early, non-invasive detection of vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Riou
- INSERM, U877, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, F-38700, La tronche, France.
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Sancey L, Ardisson V, Riou LM, Ahmadi M, Marti-Batlle D, Boturyn D, Dumy P, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Vuillez JP. In vivo imaging of tumour angiogenesis in mice with the alpha(v)beta (3) integrin-targeted tracer 99mTc-RAFT-RGD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:2037-47. [PMID: 17674000 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular imaging of tumour neoangiogenesis currently represents a major field of research for the diagnostic and treatment strategy of solid tumours. Endothelial cells from tumour neovessels overexpress the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which selectively binds to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides. We evaluated the potential of the novel radiotracer (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD for the non-invasive molecular imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression in mice models of tumour development. METHODS (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD, (99m)Tc-cRGD (specific control) and (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD (non-specific control) were injected intravenously to mice bearing B16F0 or TS/A-pc tumours. In vivo whole-body tomographic imaging and post-mortem biodistribution studies were performed 60 min following tracer injection. Adjacent tumour slices were used to compare the localisation of neovessels from immunostaining and the pattern of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD uptake from autoradiographic ex vivo imaging. RESULTS Biodistribution studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD tumour uptake was significantly higher than that of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD in B16F0 (2.4+/-0.5 vs 1.0+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively) and in TS/A-pc tumours (2.7+/-0.8 vs 0.7+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively). Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD intratumoural uptake preferentially occurred in angiogenic areas. Tomographic imaging allowed tumour visualisation following injection of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD and (99m)Tc-cRGD with similar tumour-to-contralateral muscle (T/CM) ratios in B16F0 and in TS/A-pc tumours whereas (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD T/CM ratios did not allow tumour imaging. In accordance with the higher level of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on TS/A-pc tumours than on B16F0 tumours as determined from western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses, the (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD T/CM ratio was significantly higher in TS/A-pc than in B16F0 tumours. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD allowed the in vivo imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin tumour expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Sancey
- INSERM U877, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
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18
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Hatada K, Ruiz M, Riou LM, Lima RL, Goode AR, Watson DD, Beller GA, Glover DK. Organ biodistribution and myocardial uptake, washout, and redistribution kinetics of Tc-99m N-DBODC5 when injected during vasodilator stress in canine models of coronary stenoses. J Nucl Cardiol 2007; 13:779-90. [PMID: 17174809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technetium 99m N-DBODC5 is a new myocardial perfusion tracer shown to exhibit high heart uptake and rapid liver clearance in normal rats. The objectives of this canine study were (1) to compare the organ biodistribution and myocardial uptake, washout, and redistribution kinetics of Tc-99m N-DBODC5 with Tc-99m sestamibi over a period of 3 hours in a more clinically relevant large animal species and (2) to compare the myocardial uptake of Tc-99m N-DBODC5 with thallium 201 when co-injected during vasodilator stress in dogs with coronary stenoses. METHODS AND RESULTS At peak adenosine-induced hyperemia, 10 dogs with critical left anterior descending artery stenoses received either Tc-99m N-DBODC5 (n = 6) or Tc-99m sestamibi (n = 4) and microspheres, followed by serial imaging and blood sampling over a period of 3 hours. Another 14 dogs with either critical (n = 7) or mild (n = 7) left anterior descending artery stenoses underwent simultaneous injection of Tc-99m N-DBODC5, Tl-201, and microspheres during peak vasodilator stress. Like sestamibi, Tc-99m N-DBODC5 showed good myocardial uptake with slow washout and minimal redistribution over a period of 3 hours (P = not significant); however, Tc-99m N-DBODC5 cleared more rapidly from the liver (heart-lung ratio at 30 minutes, 0.92+/-0.11 versus 0.51 +/- 0.05; P < .05). When injected during hyperemic flow, the myocardial extraction plateau for Tc-99m N-DBODC5 was lower than that for Tl-201 and was intermediate between Tc-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m tetrofosmin. CONCLUSIONS Excellent organ biodistribution and myocardial uptake and clearance kinetic properties, combined with rapid liver clearance and a favorable flow-extraction relationship, make Tc-99m N-DBODC5 a very promising new myocardial perfusion imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hatada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan
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Broisat A, Riou LM, Ardisson V, Boturyn D, Dumy P, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Molecular imaging of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in experimental atherosclerotic plaques with radiolabelled B2702-p. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:830-40. [PMID: 17219135 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE VCAM-1 plays a major role in the chronic inflammatory processes present in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. The residues 75-84 (B2702-p) and 84-75/75-84 (B2702-rp) of the major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-1) molecule B2702 were previously shown to bind specifically to VCAM-1. We hypothesised that radiolabelled B2702-p and B2702-rp might have potential for the molecular imaging of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS Preliminary biodistribution studies indicated that 125I-B2702-rp was unsuitable for in vivo imaging owing to extremely high lung uptake. 123I- or 99mTc-labelled B2702-p was injected intravenously to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits (WHHL, n=6) and control animals (n=6). After 180 min, aortas were harvested for ex vivo autoradiographic imaging, gamma-well counting, VCAM-1 immunohistology and Sudan IV lipid staining. RESULTS Robust VCAM-1 immunostaining was observed in Sudan IV-positive and to a lesser extent in Sudan IV-negative areas of WHHL animals, whereas no expression was detected in control animals. Significant 2.9-fold and 1.9-fold increases in 123I-B2702-p and 99mTc-B2702-p aortic-to-blood ratios, respectively, were observed between WHHL and control animals (p<0.05). Tracer uptake on ex vivo images co-localised with atherosclerotic plaques. Image quantification indicated a graded increase in 123I-B2702-p and 99mTc-B2702-p activities from control to Sudan IV-negative and to Sudan IV-positive areas, consistent with the observed pattern of VCAM-1 expression. Sudan IV-positive to control area tracer activity ratios were 17.0+/-9.0 and 5.9+/-1.8 for 123I-B2702-p and 99mTc-B2702-p, respectively. CONCLUSION Radiolabelled B2702-p is a potentially useful radiotracer for the molecular imaging of VCAM-1 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broisat
- INSERM, U340, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, 38700, La Tronche, France
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Riou LM, Broisat A, Lartizien C, Toufektsian MC, Maitrejean S, Janier M, Vanzetto G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Assessment of non-reperfused and reperfused myocardial infarction using diffusible or deposited radiolabelled perfusion imaging agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 34:330-7. [PMID: 17004095 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Incomplete microvascular reperfusion is often observed in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction and has important prognostic implications. We compared the myocardial uptake of diffusible ((201)Tl) and deposited ((99m)TcN-NOET) perfusion imaging agents in the setting of experimental infarction. METHODS Rats were subjected to permanent coronary occlusion (OCC, n=10) or to 45-min occlusion and reperfusion (REP, n=17). Seven days later, the tracers were co-injected and the animals were euthanised 15 min (all ten rats in the OCC group and 12 rats in the REP group) or 120 min (five rats from the REP group, euthanised at this time point to evaluate any redistribution of the tracers: REP-RED group) afterwards. Infarct size determination and (99m)TcN-NOET/(201)Tl ex vivo imaging were performed. Regional flow and tissue oedema were quantified using radioactive microspheres and (99m)Tc-DTPA, respectively. RESULTS (99m)TcN-NOET and (201)Tl defect magnitudes were similar in OCC animals (0.11+/-0.01 vs 0.13+/-0.01). In REP animals, (201)Tl defect magnitude (0.25+/-0.02) was significantly lower than the magnitude of (99m)TcN-NOET and flow defects (0.14+/-0.03 and 0.17+/-0.01, respectively; p<0.05), despite the lack of (201)Tl redistribution (REP-RED animals). (99m)Tc-DTPA indicated the presence of oedema in the reperfused area. Blood distribution studies showed that, unlike (99m)TcN-NOET, (201)Tl plasma activity was mostly unbound to plasma proteins. CONCLUSION (99m)TcN-NOET and (201)Tl delineated the non-viable area in chronic non-reperfused and reperfused myocardial infarction. The significantly decreased (201)Tl defect in reperfused infarction was likely due to partial diffusion of the tracer from the plasma into the oedema present in the infarcted area. Deposited perfusion tracers might be better suited than diffusible agents for the assessment of regional flow following reperfusion of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Riou
- INSERM, U340 Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université de Grenoble, La Tronche, France.
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Riou LM, Broisat A, Dimastromatteo J, Vanzetto G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. The in vivo cardiac kinetics of Tc-99m N-NOET are accelerated in obese, hyperlipidemic Zucker rats. J Nucl Cardiol 2006; 13:75-82. [PMID: 16464720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that the intrinsic myocardial washout of bis(N-ethoxy,N-ethyldithiocarbamato)nitrido technetium(V) (technetium 99m N-NOET) was affected by changes occurring in the intravascular compartment such as variations in circulating lipid levels. We sought to determine whether the myocardial kinetics of Tc-99m N-NOET were affected by hyperlipidemia in a clinically relevant experimental model. METHODS AND RESULTS Tc-99m N-NOET (50 MBq/kg) and thallium 201 (12 MBq/kg) were injected intravenously into hyperlipidemic fa/fa Zucker rats (n=6) and their lean, normolipidemic littermates (n=8), and dual-isotope in vivo planar imaging was performed for 60 minutes. In vivo image quantification indicated significantly faster cardiac washout of Tc-99m N-NOET in fa/fa animals versus lean animals (time constant, 411+/-64 minutes vs 1094+/-226 minutes, respectively; P<.05), whereas Tl-201 cardiac washout was not affected (356+/-85 minutes vs 337+/-53 minutes, respectively; P=not significant). CONCLUSION The cardiac kinetics of Tc-99m N-NOET, but not those of Tl-201, were accelerated after intravenous injection of the tracer in fa/fa Zucker rats with circulating lipid levels similar to those encountered clinically in hyperlipidemic patients. The relationship between lipidemia and the rate of Tc-99m N-NOET myocardial washout warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- INSERM 0340 Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
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Glover DK, Riou LM, Ruiz M, Sullivan GW, Linden J, Rieger JM, Macdonald TL, Watson DD, Beller GA. Reduction of infarct size and postischemic inflammation from ATL-146e, a highly selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, in reperfused canine myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H1851-8. [PMID: 15591104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00362.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine and adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists have been shown to limit myocardial infarct size when given at vasodilatory doses during reperfusion. This beneficial effect is thought to be due, in part, to stimulation of adenosine A(2A) receptors on inflammatory cells. The specific aims of this study were to determine whether the anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of a novel adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist, ATL-146e (ATL), alone or in combination with the phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor rolipram would occur using very low, nonvasodilating doses. In a canine model of reperfused myocardial infarction, low-dose ATL given alone reduced infarct size by 45% (P < 0.05 vs. control). When ATL was combined with a very low dose of rolipram (0.001 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), a marked reduction in P-selectin expression and neutrophil infiltration (51% lower; P < 0.001 vs. control) was seen and the infarct size reduction (58% lower; P < 0.01 vs. control) was greater than observed with ATL (45% lower; P < 0.05) or rolipram (33% lower; P < 0.05) alone. In conclusion, a low, nonvasodilating dose of ATL, a highly selective adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist, reduced infarct size after reperfusion. Furthermore, combining ATL and the phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor rolipram reduced infarct size even more than either agent alone. Such combination therapy may be beneficial clinically by potentiating cardioprotection after coronary reperfusion at doses far below those producing vasodilatation or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Glover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800500, UVA Health System, Cobb Hall, Rm. 1010, Hospital Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0500, USA.
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Hatada K, Riou LM, Ruiz M, Yamamichi Y, Duatti A, Lima RL, Goode AR, Watson DD, Beller GA, Glover DK. 99mTc-N-DBODC5, a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent with rapid liver clearance: comparison with 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-tetrofosmin in rats. J Nucl Med 2004; 45:2095-101. [PMID: 15585487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (99m)Tc-[bis (dimethoxypropylphosphinoethyl)-ethoxyethylamine (PNP5)]-[bis (N-ethoxyethyl)-dithiocarbamato (DBODC)] nitride (N-PNP5-DBODC or N-DBODC5) is a new monocationic myocardial perfusion tracer. We sought to compare the myocardial uptake and clearance kinetics and organ biodistribution of (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 with (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin. METHODS Seventy-five anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with 22.2-29.6 MBq (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 (n = 25), (99m)Tc-sestamibi (n = 25), or (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin (n = 25). Rats were euthanized at either 2, 10, 20, 30, or 60 min after injection and gamma-well counting was performed on excised organ (heart, lung, and liver) and blood samples. In 3 additional rats, serial in vivo whole-body gamma-camera imaging with each tracer was performed. RESULTS (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 cleared rapidly from the blood pool. At 2 min after injection, (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 blood activity was significantly lower than either (99m)Tc-sestamibi or (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin (P < 0.01) and remained lower over 60 min. Myocardial (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 uptake was rapid (2.9% +/- 0.1% injected dose/g at 2 min), and there was no significant clearance over 60 min, similar to (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin. All 3 tracers exhibited rapid lung clearance. Importantly, (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 cleared more rapidly from the liver than either (99m)Tc-sestamibi or (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin. As early as 30 min after injection, (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 heart-to-liver ratio was 5.7 +/- 1.0 versus 1.6 +/- 0.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.3 for (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin (P < 0.05). By 60 min, (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 heart-to-liver ratio further increased to 18.4 +/- 2.0 compared with 2.6 +/- 0.2 and 5.8 +/- 0.7 for (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin (P < 0.001). The rapid blood pool, lung, and liver clearance of (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 resulted in excellent-quality myocardial images within 30 min after injection. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 is a promising new myocardial perfusion tracer with superior biodistribution properties. The rapid (99m)Tc-N-DBODC5 liver clearance may shorten the duration of imaging protocols by allowing earlier image acquisition and may markedly reduce the problem of photon scatter from the liver into the inferoapical wall on myocardial images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hatada
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Lahoutte T, Vanhove C, Caveliers V, Defrise M, Everaert H, Bossuyt A, Franken PR, Schäfers KP, Kriens M, Barnard C, Schober O, Schäfers M, Kopka K, Wagner S, Law MP, Riemann B, Pike VW, Herrero P, Dence CS, Kisrieva-Ware Z, Eisenbeis P, Welch MJ, Gropler RJ, Bucerius J, Joe AY, Schmaliohann J, Gündisch D, Reinhardt MJ, Biersack HJ, Wüllner U, Ranney DF, Peshock RM, McDonald GG, Slomka PJ, deKemp RA, Beanlands RSB, Nishina H, Abidov A, Berman DS, Germano G, Riou LM, Goode AR, Hatada K, Ruiz M, Lima R, Harris TD, Beller GA, Glover DK, Kim H, Miceli MH, Delbeke D, Bhargava P, Jackson LBJ, Walker RC, Anaissie E, Alavi A, Hanrahan SM, Janabi M, Taylor SE, Rychak JJ, Klibanov AL, Leppanen A, Cummings RD, Ley K, Rychak JJ, Klibanov AL, Hossack J, Dence CS, Herrero P, Gropler RJ, Welch MJ, Veress AI, Feng B, Yang Y, Weiss JA, Huesman RH, Gullberg GT, Sharp TL, Herrero P, Englebach JA, Fettig NM, Gropler RJ, Welch MJ, Dobrucki LW, Hua J, Bourke BN, Sadeghi MM, Cavaliere P, Mendizabal M, VanRoyen N, Buschmann IR, Sinusas AJ, Sadeghi MM, Zhang J, Fassaei HR, Krassilnikova S, Esmailzadeh L, Gharaei AA, Kooshkabadi A, Edwards DS, Harris TD, Yalamanchili P, Sinusas AJ, Zaret BL, Bender JR, Epstein FH, Gilson WD, Sureau FC, Yang Z, French BA, Lewis S, Lu XE, Tom EM, Felix MM, Gretton JE, Varghese RP, Wagner WR, Villanueva FS. Abstracts of Original Contributions Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Symposium May 3–4, 2004 Bethesda, Maryland. J Nucl Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02972758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Riou LM, Unger S, Toufektsian MC, Ruiz M, Watson DD, Beller GA, Glover DK. Effects of increased lipid concentration and hyperemic blood flow on the intrinsic myocardial washout kinetics of (99m)TcN-NOET. J Nucl Med 2003; 44:1092-8. [PMID: 12843227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bis(N-ethoxy,N-ethyldithiocarbamato)nitrido technetium (V) ((99m)Tc) ((99m)TcN-NOET) is a myocardial perfusion imaging agent demonstrating significant redistribution and currently in phase III clinical trials. Previous studies have suggested that (99m)TcN-NOET is bound intravascularly. Therefore, we sought to determine whether modifications in the vascular compartment would provide further insights into the mechanisms of (99m)TcN-NOET myocardial washout and redistribution. METHODS (99m)TcN-NOET cardiac washout was studied ex vivo in 15 isolated perfused rat hearts after bolus injection (1.5 MBq) in the absence (n = 6) or presence of bovine serum albumin ([BSA] 0.03%) with (n = 5) or without (n = 4) bound lipids. The intrinsic myocardial washout of the tracer was also studied in vivo in 6 dogs after intracoronary bolus injection of the tracer (0.75 MBq) before and after hyperlipidemia induced by intravenous administration of 300 mL of 20% intralipids (n = 3) or hyperemia induced by intravenous infusion of the adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist ATL-146e (0.3 micro g/kg/min; n = 6). RESULTS On isolated hearts, there was no significant myocardial washout of (99m)TcN-NOET with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Addition of BSA without bound lipids resulted in a significant cardiac washout of the tracer (P < 0.001 by repeated measures ANOVA). The presence of lipids bound to BSA further accelerated the washout rate of (99m)TcN-NOET (half-life [t(1/2)], 431.5 +/- 23.2 min vs. 242.9 +/- 63.2 min; P < 0.05). In vivo in dogs, intralipid administration significantly increased the intrinsic washout rate of (99m)TcN-NOET (t(1/2), 108.0 +/- 23.9 min vs. 51.8 +/- 11.8 min; P < 0.05). In addition, vasodilatation with ATL-146e resulted in a 4.9-fold increase in coronary flow (P < 0.05 vs. baseline) and a significantly faster intrinsic (99m)TcN-NOET myocardial washout (t(1/2), 81.1 +/- 12.1 min vs. 40.7 +/- 7.3 min; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The myocardial washout kinetics of (99m)TcN-NOET are affected by a variety of intravascular factors, supporting the hypothesis that the tracer is most likely localized on the vascular endothelium. The potential impact of variations in circulating lipid levels among patients on clinical imaging with (99m)TcN-NOET requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0500, USA
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Riou LM, Ghezzi C, Vanzetto G, Broisat A, Mathieu JP, Bontron R, Pasqualini R, Fagret D. Verapamil does not inhibit 99mTcN-NOET uptake in situ in normal or ischemic canine myocardium. J Nucl Med 2003; 44:981-7. [PMID: 12791829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bis(N-ethoxy,N-ethyldithiocarbamato)nitrido technetium (V) ((99m)Tc) ((99m)TcN-NOET) is a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in the United States and in Europe. (99m)TcN-NOET cellular uptake has been shown to be inhibited by the calcium channel inhibitor verapamil in cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes. However, the effect of verapamil on in situ (99m)TcN-NOET myocardial uptake remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the inhibitory effect of verapamil on the cellular uptake of (99m)TcN-NOET shown in vitro could be reproduced in situ in a canine model of normal and ischemic myocardium. METHODS (99m)TcN-NOET uptake in normal and ischemic myocardium (70% flow reduction in the left anterior descending coronary artery) was measured in the absence or presence of verapamil (0.015 mg/kg/min x 10 min) in anesthetized, open-chest dogs (n = 17). Control animals were infused with adenosine (0.2 mg/kg/min) to match the verapamil-induced increase in flow. RESULTS By verapamil treatment, a clinically relevant plasma concentration of the calcium channel inhibitor was attained (mean +/- SEM, 290 +/- 152 ng/mL). In normal myocardium (n = 8), regional blood flow at the time of (99m)TcN-NOET injection was not statistically different in verapamil- and adenosine-treated dogs (1.69 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.04 mL/min/g, respectively). (99m)TcN-NOET uptake was slightly higher in the presence of verapamil (0.39 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.01 counts per minute [cpm]/[Bq/kg]/g for adenosine; P = 0.04). However, no significant difference in (99m)TcN-NOET myocardial uptake was observed after normalization of the tracer uptake to regional myocardial blood flow. In ischemic myocardium (n = 9), regional blood flow was lower in verapamil-treated than in adenosine-treated animals (0.22 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.03 mL/min/g; P < 0.05). (99m)TcN-NOET uptake in the ischemic area was not inhibited by verapamil (0.09 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.10 +/- 0.01 cpm/[Bq/kg]/g; P = not significant). CONCLUSION Verapamil does not inhibit (99m)TcN-NOET uptake in situ in normal and ischemic canine myocardium. These results suggest that verapamil should not affect (99m)TcN-NOET myocardial uptake in patients referred for myocardial perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- Laboratoire d'Etude de Radiopharmaceutiques, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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Lima RL, Goode AR, Riou LM, Hunter JR, Beller GA, Glover DK, Watson DD. Higher first-pass extraction of 99mTc-N-NOET enhances magnitude of reversible defects: Validation of animal model in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)81343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Riou LM, Ruiz M, Rieger JM, Macdonald TL, Watson DD, Linden J, Beller GA, Glover DK. Influence of propranolol, enalaprilat, verapamil, and caffeine on adenosine A(2A)-receptor-mediated coronary vasodilation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:1687-94. [PMID: 12427424 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was done to determine the effects of propranolol, enalaprilat, verapamil, and caffeine on the vasodilatory properties of the adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonist ATL-146e (ATL). BACKGROUND ATL is a new adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonist proposed as a vasodilator for myocardial stress perfusion imaging. Beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and calcium blockers are commonly used for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), and their effect on ATL-mediated vasodilation is unknown. Dietary intake of caffeine is also common. METHODS In 19 anesthetized, open-chest dogs, hemodynamic responses to bolus injections of ATL (1.0 microg/kg) and adenosine (60 microg/kg) were recorded before and after administration of propranolol (1.0 mg/kg, ATL only), enalaprilat (0.3 mg/kg, ATL only), caffeine (5.0 mg/kg, ATL only), and verapamil (0.2 mg/kg bolus, ATL and adenosine). RESULTS Neither propranolol nor enalaprilat attenuated the ATL-mediated vasodilation (225 +/- 86% and 237 +/- 67% increase, respectively, p = NS vs. control). Caffeine had an inhibitory effect (97 +/- 28% increase, p < 0.05 vs. control). Verapamil blunted both ATL- and adenosine-induced vasodilation (63 +/- 20% and 35 +/- 7%, respectively, p < 0.05 vs. baseline), and also inhibited the vasodilation induced by the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activator pinacidil. CONCLUSIONS Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors do not reduce the maximal coronary flow response to adenosine A(2A)-agonists, whereas verapamil attenuated this vasodilation through inhibition of K(ATP) channels. The inhibitory effect of verapamil and K(ATP) channel inhibitors like glybenclamide on pharmacologic stress using adenosine or adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonists should be evaluated in the clinical setting to determine their potential for reducing the sensitivity of CAD detection with perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0500, USA
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Riou LM, Ruiz M, Sullivan GW, Linden J, Leong-Poi H, Lindner JR, Harris TD, Beller GA, Glover DK. Assessment of myocardial inflammation produced by experimental coronary occlusion and reperfusion with 99mTc-RP517, a new leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist that preferentially labels neutrophils in vivo. Circulation 2002; 106:592-8. [PMID: 12147542 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000023878.04716.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 99mTc-RP517 is a new leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist developed for imaging acute inflammation or infection. A unique property of 99mTc-RP517 is its ability to label white blood cells in vivo after intravenous injection. The goals of this study were to determine relative 99mTc-RP517 binding to human leukocyte subtypes and the 99mTc-RP517 uptake pattern in canine myocardium where inflammation was induced by either coronary occlusion and reperfusion or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) injection. METHODS AND RESULTS Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was performed on whole human blood (n=2) and isolated neutrophils (n= 4) with a fluorescent analog of 99mTc-RP517, [F]-RP517. In whole blood, [F]-RP517 (500 nmol/L) preferentially labeled neutrophils. On isolated neutrophils, [F]-RP517 (10 nmol/L) binding was inhibited by 44% when LTB4 (400 nmol/L) was added. 99mTc-RP517 was injected intravenously in anesthetized, open-chest dogs before coronary occlusion (90 minutes) and reperfusion (120 minutes) (n=9) or before intramyocardial TNFalpha injection (n=3). Ex vivo images of heart slices were acquired. The left ventricle was divided into 72 segments for flow and 99mTc-RP517 uptake analysis. There was an inverse exponential relationship between 99mTc-RP517 uptake and occlusion flow (r=0.73). In the same 15 segments, 99mTc-RP517 uptake was highly correlated with the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (r=0.91). Ex vivo images revealed tracer uptake in the reperfused area (ischemic to normal count ratio=2.7+/-0.2). CONCLUSIONS RP517 binds to the neutrophil LTB4 receptor after intravenous injection. After reperfusion, 99mTc-RP517 uptake correlated with myeloperoxidase and was observed on ex vivo images, indicating that this tracer may have potential as an inflammation-imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va 22908-0500, USA
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Riou LM, Ruiz M, Rieger JM, Macdonald TL, Watson DD, Linden J, Beller GA, Glover DK. Verapamil attenuates the coronary vasodilatory response to adenosine and A 2A adenosine receptor agonists. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)81660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Glover DK, Ruiz M, Takehana K, Petruzella FD, Riou LM, Rieger JM, Macdonald TL, Watson DD, Linden J, Beller GA. Pharmacological stress myocardial perfusion imaging with the potent and selective A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists ATL193 and ATL146e administered by either intravenous infusion or bolus injection. Circulation 2001; 104:1181-7. [PMID: 11535577 DOI: 10.1161/hc3601.093983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine (Ado) and dipyridamole are alternatives to exercise stress for myocardial perfusion imaging. Though generally safe, side effects frequently occur that cause patient discomfort and sometimes lead to premature termination of the study or require aminophylline administration. Recently, a new class of A(2A) Ado receptor agonists was synthesized. ATL193 and ATL146e are 2-propynylcyclohexyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido derivatives of Ado. The study goals were to evaluate the potency and selectivity of these new compounds on recombinant canine Ado receptors and to evaluate their hemodynamic properties in dogs to assess their usefulness as vasodilators for myocardial perfusion imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS In assays of recombinant canine Ado receptors, ATL-193 and ATL-146e were highly selective for the A(2A) over the A(1) and A(3) receptors and were more potent than MRE-0470 and CGS-21680. In 16 anesthetized dogs, the agonists were administered by infusion (ATL-193; n=7 normal) or bolus injection (ATL-146e; n=9 critical left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis), and hemodynamic responses were compared with those of Ado. Both agonists produced dose-dependent coronary flow (CF) elevation without provoking the hypotension observed with Ado. After an ATL-146e bolus, the CF increase was sustained for several minutes, providing ample time for injection and myocardial uptake of (99m)Tc-sestamibi, and CF returned to baseline within 20 minutes. The CF increase was completely blocked by the selective A(2A) antagonist ZM241385 (3 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1)). CONCLUSIONS ATL-193 and ATL-146e are highly potent and selective Ado A(2A) receptor agonists with excellent potential for use as vasodilators for myocardial perfusion imaging. An important advantage of ATL-146e is the ability to administer it by bolus injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Glover
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA.
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