Time to recovery and its predictors following traumatic injuries among injured victims in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East of Ethiopia, 2022: a retrospective follow-up study

BACKGROUND

Injuries are an extremely important public health problem worldwide. Despite being largely preventable and despite government efforts, injuries continue to be a major public health issue. Thus, the study tends to evaluate the time to recovery and its predictors for traumatic injuries.

METHODS

A hospital-based retrospective follow-up study was used. A total of 329 medical charts were actually reviewed. Traumatic injury victims from January 1, 2018-December 31, 2022 were included, and a simple random sampling technique was utilized. The data was gathered by reviewing medical charts. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data Manager version 4.6.0.4 statistical software and further analyzed using STATA version 17. Descriptive statistics were performed to see the frequency distribution of variables. A Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and log rank test were performed to plot the overall survival curve and compare the difference in recovery among predictor categories, respectively. A model fitness test was done by using the Cox-Snell residual test and Harrell's C concordance statistic. Finally, a Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to determine the effect of predictors on recovery time from traumatic injuries.

RESULTS

The median time to recovery of traumatic injuries was 5 days (IQR: 3-10 days), with an overall incidence density of 8.77 per 100 person-days of observation. In the multivariable cox proportional regression model, variables such as being male (AHR: 0.384, 95%CI: 0.190-0.776, P-value: 0.008), the Glasgow coma scale of 13-15 (AHR: 2.563, 95%CI: 1.070-6.139, P-value: 0.035), intentional injury (AHR: 1.934, 95%CI: 1.03-3.632, P-value: 0.040), mild traumatic brain injury (AHR: 2.708, 95%CI: 1.095-6.698, P-value: 0.031), and moderate traumatic brain injury (AHR: 2.253, 95%CI: (1.033-4.911, P-value: 0.041) were statistically significant variables.

CONCLUSIONS

The median recovery time for traumatically injured respondents was 5 days. Independent predictors such as the Glasgow coma scale, time taken for surgical management, intent of injury, and traumatic brain injury were statistically significant with time to recovery from trauma.

Incidence and determinants of diabetic ketoacidosis among people with diabetes in Woldiya comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that is characterised by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonuria. Diabetes is the most challenging public health problem in the twenty-first century for both developed and developing countries.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the incidence of Diabetic ketoacidosis and its determinants among adult people with diabetes at an Ethiopian Hospital.

METHOD

An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 390 adult people with diabetes attending services at Wolida Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The consecutive sampling method was used to select study participant charts. Data were collected using a checklist prepared from different literature. The data were entered into EPI data version 4.6.0.5 and exported to STATA version 14.0 for further analysis. The Wiebull model was the best fitted model that was selected using the log-likelihood ratio method and the Akakian information criterion. Hazard ratios with their 95% confidence interval and p-value were computed.

RESULT

From the total 405 charts reviewed, 390 adult charts were included for analysis. A total of 121 DKA occurred from 5471 person-months of observation. The overall incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis was found to be 2.2 per 100 person-months (95% CI: 1.8- 2.6). Being urban dweller (AHR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99), having no family history of DM (AHR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.97), presence of infection (AHR: 2.60, 95%CI = 1.06-6.39), having of any comorbidities (AHR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.70-10.90), and having poor glycemic control (AHR: 7.45, 95% CI: 3.84-14.47) were significant determinants.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The overall incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in study area was relatively high. Poor glycemic control, the presence of infection, and comorbidity were determinants of diabetic ketoacidosis. There is a need to have close follow-up of people with diabetes who have comorbidity, infection, and poor glycemic control.

Knowledge, attitude, practice and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

This study aimed to assess the pooled estimate of Ethiopia's women's knowledge, attitudes, practices, and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods

PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Addis Ababa University online library were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA statistical software (v. 14). Publication bias was checked by forest plot, Begg's rank test, and Egger's regression test. To look for heterogeneity, I² was computed, and an overall estimated analysis was carried out. Subgroup analysis was done by region, study setting, and publication. The pooled odds ratio for associated factors was also computed.

Results

Out of 995 studies reviewed, 33 met our eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis study. The total number of study participants was 13,397. The pooled prevalence of good knowledge, positive attitude, and poor practice of kangaroo mother care were 74.2% (95% CI: 62.9-85.4), 77.2% (95%CI: 68.3-86.0), and 58.3% (95% CI: 49.9-66.6), respectively. In sub-group analysis, the highest prevalence of knowledge was in institution-based studies (78.3%) and unpublished studies (76.3%). A positive attitude was also highest in institutional-based studies (81%). The highest practice prevalence was in Afar (68%) and the lowest was in Addis Ababa (34.6%).Women who had a secondary level of education (AOR = 3.3; 95%CI: 1.8-6.0) were a housewife (AOR = 3.1; 95%CI: 2.1-4.7), delivered vaginally (AOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.4-2.9), health facility delivery (AOR = 3.3; 95%CI: 2.1-5.1) and attending antenatal care were predictors of exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion

Although women have good knowledge and positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding, there is a significant gap in exclusive breastfeeding practice. Maternal education, occupation, vaginal delivery, institutional delivery, and antenatal care visit were predictors of exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended to strengthen maternal and child health services.

Refractive errors and associated factors among patients visiting BoruMeda Hospital's secondary eye Unit in Dessie Town, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

In Ethiopia, refractive error is the second leading cause of vision impairment and the third main cause of blindness. Because refraction services are scarce and difficult to obtain, many people with refractive error live with impaired vision or blindness for the rest of their lives.

OBJECTIVE

The primary goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors and associated factors among patients who visited Boru Meda Hospital.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018, all patients who visited Boru Meda Hospital's secondary eye unit were deemed our source population; the sample frame was the secondary eye unit outpatient departments register. To select samples, simple random sampling was used. Data was entered by using Epi-data version 3 and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Science 20. Tables and graphs were used to display descriptive statistics, and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. At p < 0.05, statistical significance was inferred.

RESULTS

Refractive error was detected in 42 (18.3%) of study participants. The average age was 46.69 ± 20.77. There were 136 men and 93 women in this group (59.4 and 40.6%, respectively). Myopia was the most frequent refractive defect, accounting for 52.4% of all cases.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

Refractive error is a widespread problem in our study area that affects people of all age groups. We recommend patients to have screening on regular basis so that refractive anomalies can be detected early.

Time to recovery and its predictors among critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation from intensive care unit in Ethiopia: a retrospective follow up study

Introduction

For critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation is considered a pillar of respiratory life support. The mortality of victims in intensive care units is high in resource-constrained Sub-Saharan African countries. The recovery and prognosis of mechanically ventilated victims are unknown, according to evidence. The goal of the study was to see how long critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation survived.

Methods

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted. A total of 376 study medical charts were reviewed. Data was collected through reviewing medical charts. Data was entered into Epi-data manager version 4.6.0.4 and analyzed through Stata version 16. Descriptive analysis was performed. Kaplan- Meier survival estimates and log rank tests were performed. Cox proportional hazard model was undertaken.

Results

Median recovery time was 15 days (IQR: 6–30) with a total recovery rate of 4.49 per 100 person-days. In cox proportional hazard regression, diagnosis category {AHR: 1.690, 95% CI: (1.150- 2.485)}, oxygen saturation {AHR: 1.600, 95% CI: (1.157- 2.211)}, presence of comorbidities {AHR: 1.774, 95% CI: (1.250–2.519)}, Glasgow coma scale {AHR: 2.451, 95% CI: (1.483- 4.051)}, and use of tracheostomy {AHR: 0.276, 95% CI: (0.180–0.422)} were statistically significant predictors.

Discussion

Based on the outcomes of this study, discussions with suggested possible reasons and its implications were provided.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Duration and recovery rate of patients on mechanical ventilation is less than expected of world health organization standard. Diagnosis category, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Glasgow coma scale and use of tracheostomy were statistically significant predictors. Mechanical ventilation durations should be adjusted for chronic comorbidities, trauma, and use of tracheostomy.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-022-00689-3.

Preparedness of governmental hospitals for COVID 19 prevention and care in Eastern Amhara region, Amhara Ethiopia, 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease affects the world in multidisciplinary ways. In Ethiopia, it affects many people, including health professionals. Health institutions should have been ready to handle COVID-19 cases and protect their staff from this pandemic. Hospitals in eastern Amhara provide services for more than 30 million people.

Objectives

To assess the readiness of government hospitals in eastern Amhara for coronavirus disease prevention and treatment in 2019.

Methods

The institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted in 28 governmental hospitals in the eastern Amhara region. A structured checklist exported to the word processing system online link was created. Randomly selected nurses in each hospital were virtually trained and collected the data; the link was shared with them. We use SPSS version 23 for data cleaning and analysis. For data summary and presentation, frequency, mean, tables, graphs, and text were used. Using concept analysis, different sections of these hospitals were assessed. A linear regression was done and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values were used to measure the degree of relationship between dependent and independent variables.

Results

This study indicates that more than half (57.14%) responded "no" to the questions, suggesting unpreparedness. The age of the hospital (r = 0.25), distance from the regional capital city (r = 0.113), distance from the capital city (r = 0.125), and location of the hospital (r = 0.094) had little relationship with the readiness of the hospital for COVID-19 disease prevention and care.

Conclusion and recommendation

In this most hospitals were not ready to handle COVID-19 cases and couldn't protect staff from this pandemic. Therefore, local and regional health offices and the federal ministry of health, as well as other health organizations, should enhance their capacity to fight COVID 19.

Incidence and Predictors of Opportunistic Infections Among Adult HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Emergency and Disaster Handling Preparedness Among Front Line Health Service Providing Nurses and Associated Factors at Emergency Department, at Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia

Introduction

Globally around 1.6 million individuals have died as a result of disasters per year. These disruptive events that happen in the world each day result in damage to individuals, families, and communities.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. All frontline health-care providers at the emergency departments of Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals during the study period were considered as studied subjects. Data were collected through a self-administered technique. Once all essential data were collected, data were coded and entered into epidata manager (v4.6.0.2) statistical software. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the findings of this paper.

Results

The result of this research study showed that 66.7% were males and 33.3% were females with mean age of respondents being 31.2 ± 5.8. Among respondents, 54% (52.9) % did not have an understanding of disaster preparedness. As a result, the majority of participants, 52 (51%), have inadequate knowledge. Most respondents have adequate attitude (57.8%) and only a few, 12 (11.8%), of respondents were very familiar with regard to disaster and disaster handling preparedness. In multivariate logistic regression, receiving training on the subject (P = 0.000, AOR: 15.109. 95% CI: 3.525–64.769), respondents receiving simulation in the subject of disaster (P = 0.015, AOR: 4.855, 95% CI: 1.366–17.260) and having a direct personal/professional experience of disaster (P = 0.003, AOR: 5.703, 95% CI: 1.825–17.823) were significantly associated.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Disaster handling preparedness, knowledge and familiarity levels were below those expected for emergency department nurses. Capacity building through training, education and simulation is essential.