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Saleh AA, Galosi L, Metwally M, Ragab M, Hamza M, Shukry M, Khairy M, Alzawqari MH, Azzam MM, Alagawany M. Influence of Dietary Probiotic and Alpha-Monolaurin on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Constituents, and Egg Fatty Acids' Profile in Laying Hens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10260-0. [PMID: 38684634 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate the advantages of using multi-strain probiotics feed (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Clostridium butyricum) (PRO) and alpha-monolaurin (AML) on laying performance, criteria of egg quality, blood parameters, and yolk fatty acids' profile in laying hens. One hundred forty of Bovans brown laying hens at 45 weeks old (25th week of egg production) were randomly allocated into four groups, with seven replicates of five birds each in a complete randomized design. The first group was fed a basal diet without feed additives (0 g/kg diet), and the second, third, and fourth groups received diets containing 1 g PRO, 1 g AML, and 1 g PRO + 1 g AML/kg diet, respectively. No significant impacts of PRO, AML, or their mixture on body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), or egg weight. Egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were enhanced by 1 g PRO/kg and /or 1 g AML/kg supplementation in laying hen diets. Furthermore, egg shape index, eggshell thickness, and yolk color were statistically higher by PRO and AML supplementation at 55 weeks. However, oviduct, infundibulum, and uterus weights were significantly decreased by 1 g PRO or/and 1 g AML. Additionally, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were decreased by PRO and AML supplementation. In conclusion, it seems that dietary inclusion with 1 g PRO/kg, 1 g of AML/kg, and 1 g PRO + 1 g AML improved egg production, egg mass, FCR, and yolk fatty acids profile and lowered total cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, 333516, Egypt.
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Metwally
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, 333516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ragab
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, 333516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamza
- Animals Production Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, 11470, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Medhat Khairy
- Famex Company, 4-1B Polygon Business Park, Beverly Hills, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Alzawqari
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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2
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Ricci S, Pacífico C, Kreuzer-Redmer S, Castillo-Lopez E, Rivera-Chacon R, Sener-Aydemir A, Rossi G, Galosi L, Biagini L, Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Berthiller F, Reisinger N, Petri RM, Zebeli Q. Integrated microbiota-host-metabolome approaches reveal adaptive ruminal changes to prolonged high-grain feeding and phytogenic supplementation in cattle. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae006. [PMID: 38281064 PMCID: PMC10858391 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in readily fermentable carbohydrates primarily impact microbial composition and activity, but can also impair the ruminal epithelium barrier function. By combining microbiota, metabolome, and gene expression analysis, we evaluated the impact of feeding a 65% concentrate diet for 4 weeks, with or without a phytogenic feed additive (PFA), on the rumen ecosystem of cattle. The breaking point for rumen health seemed to be the second week of high grain (HG) diet, with a dysbiosis characterized by reduced alpha diversity. While we did not find changes in histological evaluations, genes related with epithelial proliferation (IGF-1, IGF-1R, EGFR, and TBP) and ZO-1 were affected by the HG feeding. Integrative analyses allowed us to define the main drivers of difference for the rumen ecosystem in response to a HG diet, identified as ZO-1, MyD88, and genus Prevotella 1. PFA supplementation reduced the concentration of potentially harmful compounds in the rumen (e.g. dopamine and 5-aminovaleric acid) and increased the tolerance of the epithelium toward the microbiota by altering the expression of TLR-2, IL-6, and IL-10. The particle-associated rumen liquid microbiota showed a quicker adaptation potential to prolonged HG feeding compared to the other microenvironments investigated, especially by the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arife Sener-Aydemir
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Nicole Reisinger
- dsm-firmenich,
Animal Health and Nutrition R&D Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Renee M Petri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Galosi L, Dini F, Meligrana MCT, Gennari L, Tamburini E, Roncarati A. Evaluation of Mud Worm ( Polydora spp.) Infestation in Cupped ( Crassostrea gigas) and Flat Oyster ( Ostrea edulis) Broodstocks: Comparison between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:242. [PMID: 38254410 PMCID: PMC10812515 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Polichete worms of the genus Polydora are considered very destructive for oysters, excavating channels in their shell and inducing oysters to create mud blisters in response to the irritation, interfering with their physiology and ethology. The parasite also causes important economic damage for oyster farmers, as products with a high degree of infestation cannot be commercialized. The present study aims to evaluate whether two non-invasive advanced diagnostic techniques, computed tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are suitable to show the alterations induced by this parasite on live Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis oyster broodstocks. A CT scan is also able to identify small lesions in the shell during the first stage of infection. MRI allows for the visualization of the advanced status of the lesions when blisters occupy the inner surface of the shell and can impact the health status and the economic value of the mollusk. Both techniques resulted in satisfactory spatial resolution, and no motion artifacts were reported, thus enabling the authors to faithfully visualize in vivo the damage caused by the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.T.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Dini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.T.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Marina C. T. Meligrana
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.T.M.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Elena Tamburini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.T.M.); (A.R.)
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4
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Rusco G, Di Iorio M, Felici A, Galosi L, Iaffaldano N, Roncarati A. Strategies to improve the postharvest management of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) from aquaculture using the short-term storage and package in an innovative closed-circuit system. J Food Sci 2024; 89:186-201. [PMID: 38078769 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve postharvest management of flat oysters reared in a longline system in the mid Adriatic Sea, using short-term storage and package in an innovative closed-circuit system. For the trial, 870 oysters were employed, divided into three experimental groups (A, B, and C), N = 270 oysters each group, whereas the remaining 60 oysters were used for the 2 controls. Each group differed in relation to the time spent in the depuration tank and the time of packaging: group A was packed and immediately transferred to the cell; group B was depurated in a tank for 48 h, then packed and transferred to the cell; group C was depurated in a tank for 48 h and then packed, depurated for another 24 h and transferred to a cell. Samples of each group were sampled at different times of permanence in cell (t0) up until 12 days (t12) for biomorphometric, sensorial, nutritional, and microbiological analysis. Although the nutritional and sensorial quality of the oysters was more pronounced in group A, B and C groups also showed good results. In these two groups, thanks to the use of the modern water recirculation system the quality and safety of oysters was improved by reducing the presence of sludge and eliminating fecal contaminants completely than A treatment and seawater control. These results were also confirmed by the tank control, where a more extended depuration period positively influenced the same parameters emphasizing the importance of the adequate depuration processes in oyster production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rusco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alberto Felici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
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5
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Brecchia G, Muça G, Munga A, Menchetti L, Galosi L, Rossi G, Barbato O, Pastorelli G, Agradi S, Serra V, Sulçe M, Ozuni E, Turmalaj L, Castrica M, Ceccarini MR, Riva F, Fioretti B, Quattrone A, Marongiu ML, Curone G. Goji Berry in the Diet of the Rabbit Buck: Effects on Semen Quality, Oxidative Status and Histological Features of the Reproductive Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1959. [PMID: 38001812 PMCID: PMC10669443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Goji berry (GB) shows beneficial effects on human health, although its effects on the male rabbit have been little investigated. This study examines the impact of GB dietary supplementation on the semen traits, antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, and histological features of the reproductive tract of rabbit buck. Eighteen rabbits were distributed into two dietary groups: one receiving a commercial feed (Control), and the other a feed supplemented with 1% of GB (Goji). After a nutritional adaptation period of 60 days, the animals were subjected to semen collection every 15 days. The semen traits, libido, antioxidant, and inflammatory parameters were collected and analyzed. The rabbits were sacrificed after 60 days, and tissues of the genital tract were analyzed. Compared to the Control group, the Goji group showed higher spermatozoa concentration, motility, and vitality (p < 0.05), as well as fewer abnormal spermatozoa and a higher libido (p < 0.1). Histological features such as functional activity and hyperplasia were improved by GB and correlated with some semen traits (p < 0.05). Conversely, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters were unaffected by the diet. These findings suggest that GB acts on the tissues of the reproductive tract positively influencing semen quality, although further studies are needed to understand the effect on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Gerald Muça
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, 1029 Tirana, Albania; (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Albana Munga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, 1029 Tirana, Albania; (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Majlind Sulçe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, 1029 Tirana, Albania; (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Enkeleda Ozuni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, 1029 Tirana, Albania; (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigj Turmalaj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, 1029 Tirana, Albania; (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (E.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Marta Castrica
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | | | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via dell’Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Alda Quattrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Marongiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (F.R.); (A.Q.); (G.C.)
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Bayomy MFF, Hassab El-Nabi SE, El Kassas TA, Attia ZI, Saeed AM, Taha HSA, Alagawany M, Galosi L, Biagini L, El-Kassas S. Extender Supplementation with Glutathione (GSH) and Taurine Improves In Vitro Sperm Quality and Antioxidant Status of New Zealand Rabbits during Chilled Storage for up to 72 hours. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:8339591. [PMID: 37732161 PMCID: PMC10509003 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8339591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of supplementing the rabbit semen extender with various concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and taurine at 24, 48, and 72 h postchilling at 5°C. Semen samples were collected from 20 New Zealand bucks, and ejaculates with standard color, motility (>85%), about 0.5 mL volume, and ∼400 × 106/mL concentration were used and diluted with extenders supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2 mM of GSH and 1, 5, and 10 mM of taurine and chilled at 5°C. Nonsupplemented samples were used as a control. Sperm's progressive motility, acrosome reaction, and extracellular oxidative stress biomarkers such as MDA contents and GPx, SOD, and CAT concentrations and intracellular transcriptomic levels of SOD and CAT genes were assessed. GSH and taurine supplementation improved the sperm's kinetics by reducing cooling-associated stress, which was ascertained by lowering MDA concentration and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx concentrations (P < 0.05). Increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the extender was due to the increasing mRNA copies of the SOD and CAT genes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, GSH and taurine maintained the fructose levels in the extender and lowered the GPT levels, which implies sperm membrane stability is maintained through GSH and taurine supplementation. GSH and taurine supplementation to the extender had protective influences on the in vitro rabbit semen quality during chilled storage for up to 72 h, which were remarkable with increasing supplementation dose and cooling time at 5°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. F. Bayomy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
- General Biology Department, Center of the Basic Sciences, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | | | - Tahany A. El Kassas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Zeinab I. Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Saeed
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba S. A. Taha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica 62024, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica 62024, Italy
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry, and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
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Casalini A, Gentile L, Emmanuele P, Brusa R, Elmi A, Parmeggiani A, Galosi L, Roncarati A, Mordenti O. Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Behavior of Octopus vulgaris in a Recirculating Aquaculture System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1862. [PMID: 37889785 PMCID: PMC10251970 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris is a commercially valuable species. It is overexploited in the natural environment and is considered to be an innovative species for aquaculture. However, large-scale farming is generally designed only based on economic requirements, disregarding any form of enrichment that induces the natural behavior of aquatic species. Although many studies have shown the influence of environmental enrichment on terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and cephalopod mollusks, information on the effect of environmental enrichment on the body patterns of O. vulgaris is limited. Therefore, in this study, we assessed how different environmental conditions (Basic vs. Enriched) affect sub-adults of O. vulgaris kept in recirculation systems, through qualitative-quantitative studies of the main body patterns and their potential application in the commercial production of this species. The results indicated that octopuses kept in the enriched environment showed several body patterns and gained a significantly higher weight than those kept in the basic environment. The body patterns displayed by the individuals kept in the basic environment were similar to those exhibited under situations of hostility and inter/intra-specific conflict. Hence, the environment of octopuses needs to be enriched, especially for the large-scale production of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casalini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Laura Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Pietro Emmanuele
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Riccardo Brusa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Albamaria Parmeggiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Oliviero Mordenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (P.E.); (R.B.); (A.E.); (A.P.); (O.M.)
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Galosi L, Falconi R, Biagini L, Corrales Barrios Y, Roncarati A. LED Light Applied to the Feeder: Impact on Growth Performances of Chickens under Productive Conditions. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040306. [PMID: 37104461 PMCID: PMC10140946 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the use of feeders equipped with light-emitting diodes and their effects on the productivity of broiler chickens under productive conditions. A total of 87,200 ROSS 308 chickens, 1-day old, were housed in two poultry houses (CONTROL, F-LED). In CONTROL, 20,000 females (mean body weight 41.12 ± 3 g) and 25,000 males (mean body weight 41.56 ± 3 g) were housed, while 19,200 females and 23,000 males of the same genetic make-up and mean body weight were housed in F-LED under the same environmental conditions. In F-LED, to encourage chickens to feed and to redistribute more feed down the feeding line, a feeder equipped with a LED light has been installed at the end of each line. In CONTROL, no light was located on the feeders. At the end of the cycle, the average body weight never showed significant differences both for females (1345 g in CONTROL; 1359 g in F-LED) and for males (2771 g in CONTROL; 2793 g in F-LED). Uniformity improved in F-LED, at 75.2% in females and 54.1% in males, compared to CONTROL, at 65.7% and 48.5%, respectively, for females and males. The feed conversion ratio followed the same trend, being more favorable in chickens reared in F-LED (1.567) compared to those raised in CONTROL (1.608). The application of a single F-LED at the end of each feeding line demonstrated its utility in improving size uniformity and feed conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Roberto Falconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Yulaine Corrales Barrios
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Camagüey, Carretera de Circunvalación Norte Km 5, Camagüey 74650, Cuba
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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9
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Galosi L, Ridolfi N, Fellini C, Pelizzone I, Cusaro S, Marchetti G, Canonico M, Ghelfi E, Di Girolamo N, Preziuso S. Detection and Identification of Mycoplasmopsis agassizii in Captive Tortoises with Different Clinical Signs in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040588. [PMID: 36830375 PMCID: PMC9951701 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmopsis agassizii causes the Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (URTD) in tortoises. The severity of the disease usually ranges from mild to severe respiratory signs. Animals can recover, die, or become asymptomatic carriers and are source of infection for other tortoises. This study describes (i) the clinical history and the results obtained in ten years of diagnostic PCR activity for detecting M. agassizii in different species of captive tortoises in Italy, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of M. agassizii. A total of 26.0% out of 169 samples resulted positive by PCR and 32 out of 75 (42.7%) animals with symptoms were positive. Sequences ob-tained from the PCR products were conserved, differed from the sequence of the M. agassizii type strain PS6, and were identical to many M. agassizii sequences deposited in databases. In particular, the sequences were identical or very similar to sequences obtained previously from tortoises in It-aly. Since samples collected from different anatomical sites resulted positive, it is suggested that pools of conjunctival, nasal and oral swabs are tested for diagnostic purpose in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | | | | | - Igor Pelizzone
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Belvedere, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cusaro
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato XXIII Marzo, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Canonico
- Nuovo Ambulatorio Veterinario Artemis, 60019 Senigallia, Italy
| | - Elena Ghelfi
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato Ghelfi Nieddu, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Lorenzo-Betancor O, Galosi L, Bonfili L, Eleuteri AM, Cecarini V, Verin R, Dini F, Attili AR, Berardi S, Biagini L, Robino P, Stella MC, Yearout D, Dorschner MO, Tsuang DW, Rossi G, Zabetian CP. Homozygous CADPS2 Mutations Cause Neurodegenerative Disease with Lewy Body-like Pathology in Parrots. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2345-2354. [PMID: 36086934 PMCID: PMC9772200 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic models that recapitulate neurodegenerative features of Parkinson's disease (PD) exist, which have been largely based on genes discovered in monogenic PD families. However, spontaneous genetic mutations have not been linked to the pathological hallmarks of PD in non-human vertebrates. OBJECTIVE To describe the genetic and pathological findings of three Yellow-crowned parrot (Amazona ochrocepahala) siblings with a severe and rapidly progressive neurological phenotype. METHODS The phenotype of the three parrots included severe ataxia, rigidity, and tremor, while their parents were phenotypically normal. Tests to identify avian viral infections and brain imaging studies were all negative. Due to their severe impairment, they were all euthanized at age 3 months and their brains underwent neuropathological examination and proteasome activity assays. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the three affected parrots and their parents. RESULTS The brains of affected parrots exhibited neuronal loss, spongiosis, and widespread Lewy body-like inclusions in many regions including the midbrain, basal ganglia, and neocortex. Proteasome activity was significantly reduced in these animals compared to a control (P < 0.05). WGS identified a single homozygous missense mutation (p.V559L) in a highly conserved amino acid within the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the calcium-dependent secretion activator 2 (CADPS2) gene. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a homozygous mutation in the CADPS2 gene causes a severe neurodegenerative phenotype with Lewy body-like pathology in parrots. Although CADPS2 variants have not been reported to cause PD, further investigation of the gene might provide important insights into the pathophysiology of Lewy body disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle,
Washington, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science,
University of Padova “Agripolis”, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna-Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino,
Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle,
Washington, USA
| | - Michael O. Dorschner
- Department of Pathology, Center for Precision Diagnostics,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Debby W. Tsuang
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle,
Washington, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington School
of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Cyrus P.
Zabetian, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
98108, USA; ; Dr. Giacomo Rossi, School of
Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy;
; Dr. Debby W. Tsuang, Veterans
Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA;
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University
of Camerino, Matelica, Italy,Correspondence to: Dr. Cyrus P.
Zabetian, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
98108, USA; ; Dr. Giacomo Rossi, School of
Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy;
; Dr. Debby W. Tsuang, Veterans
Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA;
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle,
Washington, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Cyrus P.
Zabetian, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
98108, USA; ; Dr. Giacomo Rossi, School of
Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy;
; Dr. Debby W. Tsuang, Veterans
Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA;
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Kirrella AAK, El-Kassas S, El-Naggar K, Galosi L, Biagini L, Rossi G, Cerbo AD, Alagawany M, Kassab M, Wakeel RAA. Growing and laying performance of two different-plumage color Japanese quail varieties supplemented with corn silk in their diet. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102360. [PMID: 36512872 PMCID: PMC9761379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the dietary supplementation effect of corn silk (CS) on performance and blood chemistry of brown and white-feathered quails during the grower and layer periods. Japanese quails of brown and white-feathered color (180 birds/variety at 2 wks old) were randomly allotted into three groups with 3 replicates each (n = 20 birds/replicate). Corn silk powder (CS) was supplemented to the basal diet at 0, 1, and 2% of the diet for each quail variety for 1-month growing period, then continued for another 6-wk laying period to assess the egg production and egg quality characteristics. CS supplementation at 1% and 2% for brown and white-feathered quails respectively improved their growth performance (body weight and weight gain), carcass yield, and intestinal villi length with increasing feed consumption but without changes in feed conversion ratio. In both quail varieties, CS addition had a hypolipidemic effect, confirmed by lowering serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) while increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (P < 0.05) with a clear response observed in white quails than the brown ones. Besides, CS supplementation increased (P = 0.002) hen day egg production in brown feathered quails, while reducing it in the white-feathered quails compared with the CS-free diet. The increased egg production was not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with lower content of TG and CHO, while significantly increased the antioxidant content in both quail varieties (P < 0.05). Moreover, CS dietary supplementation significantly enhanced (P = 0.003) the yolk color, especially in brown-feathered quail. In conclusion, CS can be safely supplemented to the Japanese quail diet (1% and 2% for brown-feathered and white-feathered quails respectively) to improve growth performance, and egg quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A K Kirrella
- Poultry Physiology, Poultry production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry, and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy.
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kassab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Al Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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12
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Biancani B, Galosi L, Tambella AM, Berardi S, Biagini L, Mari S, Rossi G. Comparative Study of the Gastric Mucosa of Risso's Dolphin ( Grampus griseus) and Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus): A Key to Manage the Diet in Captive Conditions. Vet Sci 2022; 9:571. [PMID: 36288184 PMCID: PMC9609225 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To histologically evaluate the gastric compartments of Risso’s (Grampus griseus) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and provide suggestions for the diet of Risso’s dolphins in captivity, we examined 12 stomachs from both species. While slight differences in keratinization were observed in the forestomach, significant differences came to light in the second stomach’s mucosa. At this level, in Risso’s dolphin, the principal cells are markedly reduced in size and located externally to the parietal cells, not interspersed between them, compared to bottlenose dolphins; differences were also observed in the structure and concentration of the parietal and principal cells of the gastric body glands (p < 0.0001). The quantitative results of G- and D-cell counts in the gastric mucosa show a clear difference, with a higher concentration of G cells in the mucosa of Risso’s dolphin (t = 7.334; p < 0.0001) and a higher level of D cells in bottlenose dolphin mucosa (t = 3.123; p = 0.0049). These results suggest that parietal cells undergo greater stimulation by gastrin produced by G cells, with greater acid secretion in G. griseus. Further studies are needed to understand whether an inappropriate diet could lead to severe clinical signs due to gastric acidity in Risso’s dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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13
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Galosi L, Falcaro C, Danesi P, Zanardello C, Berardi S, Biagini L, Attili AR, Rossi G. Atypical Mycosis in Psittacine Birds: A Retrospective Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883276. [PMID: 35647088 PMCID: PMC9135461 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study was conducted on parrots submitted from necropsy to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Biosciences and Veterinary, University of Camerino, Italy, from 2007 to 2018. From a total of 2,153 parrots examined at post-mortem, four cases were diagnosed with atypical mycosis and were considered for determination of the fungus species by PCR. A Fischer's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri), Peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), and two Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) from four different aviaries died after some days of lethargy and ruffled feathers. Records of gross necropsy and histopathological exams (H&E, PAS, and Grocott stain) were described and biomolecular analyses were carried out. No specific gross lesions were appreciated at necropsy, while histopathology evidenced a systemic mycosis in several organs, particularly in the lungs. In affected organs, broad and non-septate hyphae, suggestive of mycoses, were observed. Molecularly, Mucor racemosus (Fischer's lovebird) and M. circinelloides (Peach-faced lovebirds) were identified from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung and liver tissue. In addition, Alternaria alternata and Fusicladium spp. (respectively in male and female Blue and Gold macaws) were identified in FFPE tissue from several organs; whereas the role of Mucor spp. as true pathogens is well-demonstrated, and the behavior of A. alternata and Fusicladium spp. in macaws as opportunistic pathogens have been discussed. To our knowledge, this report is the first one reporting mucormycosis caused by M. racemosus and M. circinelloides in lovebirds, and A. alternata and Fusicladium spp. in macaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
- *Correspondence: Livio Galosi
| | - Christian Falcaro
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Danesi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna-Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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14
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Fiordelmondo E, Ceschin S, Magi GE, Mariotti F, Iaffaldano N, Galosi L, Roncarati A. Effects of Partial Substitution of Conventional Protein Sources with Duckweed ( Lemna minor) Meal in the Feeding of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) on Growth Performances and the Quality Product. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11091220. [PMID: 35567221 PMCID: PMC9102834 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed (Lemna minor) meal was included in the formulation of three experimental feeds (L1, L2, L3) for rainbow trout at 10%, 20%, 28% of the protein source, respectively. Increasing the duckweed inclusion, the other protein sources were adjusted to get isonitrogenous (41%) and isolipidic (20%) diets, as the control diet (LC). 540 fish (mean body weight 124.5 ± 0.7 g) were randomly allocated in 12 tanks divided equally among the four different diets. After 90 days, fish were weighed and the most important productive performances, fillet quality and fatty acid profile were determined. The final body weight in L1 (340.53 g) and L2 (339.42 g) was not different from LC (348.80 g); L3 trout significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited the lowest one (302.16 g). Similar trends were found in final mean length, weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion rate. Somatic indices were affected by duckweed inclusion. Diets had not significant effects on the proximate composition and fatty acids of the fillet in L1, L2, L3 respect to LC. Based on this study, duckweed meal derived from Lemna minor can be included in the feed for the rainbow trout without negative effects on the growth performances at 20% of the protein substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fiordelmondo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93–95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (E.F.); (G.E.M.); (F.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Simona Ceschin
- Laboratory of Systematic and Environmental Botany, Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93–95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (E.F.); (G.E.M.); (F.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Francesca Mariotti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93–95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (E.F.); (G.E.M.); (F.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis s/n, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93–95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (E.F.); (G.E.M.); (F.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93–95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (E.F.); (G.E.M.); (F.M.); (L.G.)
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15
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Mangiaterra S, Marker L, Cerquetella M, Galosi L, Marchegiani A, Gavazza A, Rossi G. Chronic Stress-Related Gastroenteric Pathology in Cheetah: Relation between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Biology 2022; 11:biology11040606. [PMID: 35453805 PMCID: PMC9028982 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cheetah is the fastest land mammal. Habitat destruction, high mortality due to other predators, and illegal wildlife trade has led to a decrease in the wild population. Currently, the global adult population present in their natural habitat is estimated to be 7100 individuals. In captivity, the population suffers from limited reproduction and disease. Both the wild and captive populations have reduced genetic diversity from a historic bottleneck, leading to increased ecological and environmental vulnerability. Over the years, conservation programs have been developed for habitat protection, management of human–animal conflict, and the study of disease and genetics. Among these, the one with the greatest prevalence in captivity is chronic gastritis. This review analyzes the scientific literature on gastric pathology in cheetah, with the potential causes divided into “extrinsic factors”, such as living conditions and diet, and “intrinsic factors”, including the presence of Helicobacter-like organisms and the genetic predisposition. Abstract The rapid decline of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) throughout their range and long-term studies of captive breeding has increased conservation action for this species including the study of chronic diseases. Gastritis is one of the captive diseases that leads to high mortality presented with symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss. The disease presents different histological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract that are characterized by inconstant and different clinical appearance in captive and free-range cheetahs. The aim of this review is to summarize the causes of chronic gastritis in the cheetah. Factors including diet, living conditions, infections with gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (GHLOs), the lack of genetic polymorphism and the cheetah’s specific-immunocompetence are analyzed. All studies on gastroenteric cheetah pathologies, conducted between 1991 (to the best of our knowledge, the first report on online databases) and 2021, are included in this review, highlighting the possible correlation between stress-related captive conditions and chronic gastric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurie Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia;
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
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16
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Mangiaterra S, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Marker L, Di Cerbo A, Piccinini R, Guadagnini D, Turba ME, Berardi S, Galosi L, Preziuso S, Cerquetella M, Rossi G. Effect of a Probiotic Mixture in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx Jubatus) with Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030395. [PMID: 35158716 PMCID: PMC8833592 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a specific probiotic mixture in cheetahs. In the wild, cheetah populations have drastically reduced due to habitat destruction, human–wildlife conflict and illegal wildlife trade. In captivity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases have a high prevalence. Based on our results, it can be concluded that probiotics may be helpful as a dietary supplement in cheetahs suffering from gastrointestinal disease. Abstract Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) are classified as “vulnerable” species due to the low numbers persisting in the wild. Gastrointestinal diseases are very common in this species when they are kept in captivity, in particular gastritis. Clinical signs are predominantly characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss and anorexia. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic in two groups of cheetahs: Group A (n = 4)—rescued cheetahs housed at the Cheetah Conservation Fund (Otjiwarongo, Namibia); Group B (n = 9)—captive cheetahs housed in Italian zoos. Animals showed gastrointestinal signs of different severity, and were positive for Helicobacter spp., detected by PCR in stool samples. Two sachets of probiotic formulation were administered to all cheetahs once a day for 21 consecutive days. Clinical conditions (appetite loss, vomiting, stool consistency and Body Condition Score) before (T0) and after 21 days of probiotic administration (T1) were then compared using a simplified Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI) score. A slight but not significant improvement in the scores was observed in Group A, which had mild intestinal symptoms, while a significant decrease in vomiting and stool consistency (**p < 0.01) scores was observed in Group B, which had more pronounced symptoms. Results suggest that high concentrations of live probiotics can be of help in managing gastrointestinal signs in cheetahs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Laurie Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia; (A.S.-K.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Berardi
- DVM Freelance Consultant, 62100 Macerata, MC, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
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Rossi G, Terracciano G, Gherardi R, Galosi L, Perrucci S. Parasites, Bacteria, and Associated Pathological Changes in the Digestive System of Diurnal and Nocturnal Raptors in Central Italy. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121567. [PMID: 34959522 PMCID: PMC8707747 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of raptor pathogens and associated lesions may be extremely important to enhancing raptor conservation efforts and reducing pathogen spillover to humans and domesticated animals and vice versa. Parasite infections of the digestive system and associated bacteria and pathological changes were evaluated in deceased diurnal and nocturnal raptors in central Italy. Overall, the prevalence of parasites (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, acanthocephalans, and protozoa) identified in the examined birds was 72.41%, and most of the positive raptors (71.42%) showed multiple parasite infections. Among bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pasteurella multocida were identified. The results obtained showed that both parasites and bacteria may cause severe lesions in the digestive system of diurnal and nocturnal raptors; parasites and bacteria may concur in causing these lesions; most severe lesions are caused by the interaction of multiple pathogens, both parasites and bacteria; and the same pathogen taxa are frequently associated with the same pathological changes. This study is the first report of S. typhimurium and S. enterica subspecies diarizonae in Buteo buteo, while Andracantha mergi, Spirocerca spp., Sarcocystis dispersa,Sarcocystis columbae, and Eumonospora spp. were recorded for the first time in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuliana Terracciano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, 56123 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Gherardi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2216949
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Galosi L, Desantis S, Roncarati A, Robino P, Bellato A, Nebbia P, Ferrocino I, Santamaria N, Biagini L, Filoni L, Attili AR, Rossi G. Positive Influence of a Probiotic Mixture on the Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota of Farmed Guinea Fowls ( Numida meleagris). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:743899. [PMID: 34778432 PMCID: PMC8586554 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the effectiveness of a probiotic mixture on intestinal morphology, mucus layer composition, and cecal microbiota diversity, 40 10-day-old Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) were assigned to two groups: the control group (C), receiving drinking water, and the treated group (P), receiving water plus a commercial multi-strain probiotic (Slab51®, 2 × 1011 CFU/L). Birds were slaughtered after 4 months, and the intestines were collected. Samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum were processed for morphological and morphometric studies, and conventional glycohistochemistry. Cecal samples were also used to assess the microbiota by 16S metataxonomic approach. Group P showed significant increase in the villus height (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and p < 0.05 in the ileum and cecum), villus width (p < 0.05 in all investigated tracts), depth of crypts (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and cecum; p < 0.05 in the ileum), and goblet cells per villus (p < 0.001 in all investigated tracts) compared with group C. Cecal microbiota of the birds varied considerably and comparing the relative abundance of the main observational taxonomic units (OTUs), a positive enrichment of several beneficial taxa, such as Oscillospira, Eubacterium, Prevotella, and members of the Ruminococcaceae, was observed. The enrichment of those taxa can improve microbiota stability and resilience facing environmental stresses, enhancing its resistance against invading pathogens. Ruminococcaceae, which represent the most important taxon in both groups, and Prevotella have a key role in the gut physiology due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a vital energy source for enterocytes, improve glucose metabolism, and exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect. Probiotic administration enriches the presence of Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Eubacterium taxa that produce butyrate, which exerts a beneficial effect on growth performance, structure of villi, and pathogen control and has anti-inflammatory properties too. This study indicates that Slab51® supplementation positively affects the morphology and microbiota diversity of the guinea fowl intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Trasplants (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bellato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Santamaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Trasplants (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Filoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Attili AR, Iacoucci C, Serri E, Cuteri V, Cantalamessa A, Linardi M, Rifici C, Mazzullo G, Rossi G, Galosi L, Tambella AM. Antibacterial Properties of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma and Other Non-Transfusional Hemo-Components: An in vitro Study. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:746809. [PMID: 34671662 PMCID: PMC8520915 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for regenerative medicine purposes (platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet lysate, fibrin glue), considering both leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor formulations, but also platelet-poor plasma and activating substances (thrombin, calcium gluconate), were tested to detect elements with potential antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effect was tested on different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus, Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies cohnii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae) isolated from canine wounds and classified as susceptible, multidrug-, extensively, and pandrug-resistant bacteria toward a known panel of human and veterinary antibiotics. The evaluation was carried out by agar gel diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and micro-inhibition in broth using microplates and spectrophotometer reading. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. A more effective bacteriostatic effect was found against Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant too. The presence of leukocytes or platelets does not appear to be essential for the antibacterial effect. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact mechanism of action of the antimicrobial activity. However, non-transfusional hemo-components could be a useful natural aid in controlling bacterial infections in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Rita Attili
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Cristina Iacoucci
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Evelina Serri
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantalamessa
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Martina Linardi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Claudia Rifici
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzullo
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- Pathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- Pathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Rossi G, Gavazza A, Vincenzetti S, Mangiaterra S, Galosi L, Marchegiani A, Pengo G, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Cerquetella M. Clinicopathological and Fecal Proteome Evaluations in 16 Dogs Presenting Chronic Diarrhea Associated with Lymphangiectasia. Vet Sci 2021; 8:242. [PMID: 34679072 PMCID: PMC8537460 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a condition characterized by variably severe gastrointestinal signs, frequently associated with laboratory abnormalities; the research for markers allowing a better understanding of the severity degree and/or obtaining an early diagnosis and/or monitoring is continuously progressing. In the present study, we investigated possible new diagnostic/follow-up markers in IL dogs, namely, serum C-reactive protein, serum bacterial lipopolysaccharide, serum cleaved cytokeratin 18, serum citrulline, and zonulin (in both serum and feces). A fecal proteomic study looking for possible confirmation and/or new marker candidates was also performed. All markers in both substrates, with the exception of serum citrulline, significantly differed between diseased and control dogs. Fecal proteomics allowed the retrieval of three proteins in IL dogs (Fc fragment of IgG-binding protein; transthyretin; proproteinase E) that were not previously found in clinically healthy subjects. Although further studies are needed, C-reactive protein, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, cleaved cytokeratin 18, and zonulin (in both serum and feces) resulted as promising markers for canine IL; similarly, fecal proteomics represents a road worthy of being pursued in the search for candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Graziano Pengo
- St. Antonio Veterinary Clinic, S.S. 415 Paullese 6, 26020 Madignano, Italy;
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
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Palumbo Piccionello A, Riccio V, Senesi L, Volta A, Pennasilico L, Botto R, Rossi G, Tambella AM, Galosi L, Marini C, Vullo C, Gigante A, Zavan B, De Francesco F, Riccio M. Adipose micro-grafts enhance tendinopathy healing in ovine model: An in vivo experimental perspective study. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1544-1560. [PMID: 34398527 PMCID: PMC8550708 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, approximatively 100 000 to 500 000 tendon repairs are performed every year. These procedures are associated with a considerable rate of postoperative complications (from 6% to 11%). Autologous micro‐grafts (AAMG) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have been shown to improve tendon healing in 60% to 70% of treated rodents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of AAMG in a sheep model with tendinopathy. We used sheep models because, as a large animal, they are more comparable to humans. The hypothesis was that SVF injection would improve tendon healing compared with the control group, reducing inflammatory and matrix degrading, while increasing anti‐inflammatory expression and collagen synthesis in the early stage of tendon injury. Sixteen Apennine sheep aged 2 to 5 years underwent 500 UI type I collagenase injection into both common calcaneal tendons (CCT) to induce tendinopathy. After 15 days (T0), one CCT in every ovine underwent randomly to 2.5 mL of AAMG obtained by mechanical disruption and the contralateral CCTs received no treatment. Clinical, ecographic, and sonographic evaluations were performed after 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2). Histological, immunohistochemical, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and biomechanical evaluations were performed at T2. At T2, the treated group showed a final tendon diameter (9.1 ± 1.4 mm) and a hardness expression (62%) that were similar to the original healthy tendon (8.1 ± 1.1 mm; 100%), with a significant recovery compared with the control group (9.5 ± 1.7 mm; 39%). Moreover, histological analysis of the treated group revealed an improvement in the fiber orientation score, fiber edema score, infiltrative‐inflammatory process, and necrosis score (4.3 ± 3.3) compared with control group (8.8 ± 2.9). Immunohistochemically, the treated group showed high expression of collagen 1, Factor VIII and significantly low expression of collagen 3. These data were confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis. The study findings suggested that AAMGs obtained through mechanical disruption present a safe, efficient, and reliable technique, enhancing tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Riccio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Letizia Senesi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Hand Surgery Unit, Azienda 'OspedaliRiuniti' Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pennasilico
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Riccardo Botto
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Antonio Gigante
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Hand Surgery Unit, Azienda 'OspedaliRiuniti' Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Riccio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Hand Surgery Unit, Azienda 'OspedaliRiuniti' Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Rossi G, Galosi L, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Mangiaterra S. Therapeutic approaches to coronavirus infection according to "One Health" concept. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:81-88. [PMID: 33588098 PMCID: PMC7871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviridae constantly infect human and animals causing respiratory, gastroenteric or systemic diseases. Over time, these viruses have shown a marked ability to mutate, jumping over the human-animal barrier, thus becoming from enzootic to zoonotic. In the last years, numerous therapeutic protocols have been developed, mainly for severe acute respiratory syndromes in humans. The aim of this review is to summarize drugs or other approaches used in coronavirus infections focusing on different roles of these molecules or bacterial products on viral adhesion and replication or in modulating the host's immune system. Within the "One Health" concept, the study of viral pathogenic role and possible therapeutic approaches in both humans and animals is essential to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- Corresponding author at: School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95 – 62024, Matelica (MC), Italy
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Galosi L, Attili AR, Perrucci S, Origgi FC, Tambella AM, Rossi G, Cuteri V, Napoleoni M, Mandolini NA, Perugini G, Loehr VJT. Health assessment of wild speckled dwarf tortoises, CHERSOBIUS SIGNATUS. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:102. [PMID: 33663511 PMCID: PMC7934230 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In free-ranging reptile populations, bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens may affect hosts through impairment in movements, thermoregulation, reproduction, survival, and population dynamics. The speckled dwarf tortoise (Chersobius [Homopus] signatus) is a threatened species that is mostly restricted to the Succulent Karoo biome in South Africa, and little information on pathogens of this species is available yet. We derived baseline parameters for five males and five females that were captured to genetically enhance a conservation breeding program in Europe. Upon collection of the tortoises, ticks were removed and identified. Immediately upon arrival in Europe, ocular, nasal, oral and cloacal swabs were taken for viral, bacteriological and mycological examinations. Fecal samples were collected before and 1 month after fenbendazole treatment, and analyzed for parasites. A panel of PCR, aiming to detect herpesviruses, adenoviruses and iridoviruses, was carried out. RESULTS Samples were negative for viruses, while bacteriological examination yielded detectable growth in 82.5% of the swabs with a mean load of 16 × 107 ± 61 × 108 colony forming units (CFU) per swab, representing 34 bacterial species. Cloacal and oral swabs yielded higher detectable growth loads than nasal and ocular swabs, but no differences between sexes were observed. Fungi and yeasts (mean load 5 × 103 ± 13 × 103 CFU/swab) were detected in 25% of the swabs. All pre-treatment fecal samples were positive for oxyurid eggs, ranging from 200 to 2400 eggs per gram of feces, whereas after the treatment a significantly reduced egg count (90-100% reduction) was found in seven out of 10 individuals. One remaining individual showed 29% reduction, and two others had increased egg counts. In five tortoises, Nycthocterus spp. and coccidian oocysts were also identified. Soft ticks were identified as Ornithodoros savignyi. CONCLUSIONS Our baseline data from clinically healthy individuals will help future studies to interpret prevalences of microorganisms in speckled dwarf tortoise populations. The study population did not appear immediately threatened by current parasite presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), DIP, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Maira Napoleoni
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute (IZS) of Umbria and Marche 'Togo Rosati', 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Perugini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute (IZS) of Umbria and Marche 'Togo Rosati', 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Victor J T Loehr
- Dwarf Tortoise Conservation, Kwikstaartpad 1, 3403ZH, IJsselstein, Netherlands
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Desantis S, Galosi L, Santamaria N, Roncarati A, Biagini L, Rossi G. Modulation of Morphology and Glycan Composition of Mucins in Farmed Guinea Fowl ( Numida meleagris) Intestine by the Multi-Strain Probiotic Slab51 ®. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:495. [PMID: 33668637 PMCID: PMC7918860 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for poultry.Since gut health can be considered synonymous withanimal health, the effects of probiotic Slab51® on the morphology and the glycan composition of guineafowlintestine were examined. The probiotics were added in drinking water (2 × 1011 UFC/L) throughout the grow-out cycle.Birds were individually weighed andslaughtered after four months. Samples from the duodenum, ileum and caecum were collected and processed for morphological, morphometric, conventional and lectin glycohistochemical studies.The results were analyzed for statistical significance by Student's t test. Compared with control samples, probiotic group revealed (1) significant increase in villus height (p < 0.001 in duodenum and ileum; p < 0.05 in caecum), crypt depth (p < 0.001 in duodenum and caecum; p < 0.05 in ileum) and goblet cells (GCs) per villus (p < 0.001) in all investigated tracts; (2) increase in galactoseβl,3N-acetylgalacyosamine(Galβl,3GalNAc)terminating O-glycans and αl,2-fucosylated glycans secretory GCs in the duodenum; (3) increase in α2,6-sialoglycans and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs but reduction in GCs-secreting sulfoglycans in the ileum; (4) increase in Galβl,3GalNAc and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs and decrease in GCs-producing sulfomucins in the caecum; (5) increase in the numbers of crypt cells containing sulfate and non-sulfated acidic glycans. Overall, dietary Slab51® induces morphological and region-specific changes in glycoprotein composition of guinea fowl intestine, promoting gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Santamaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy;
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
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Rossi G, Pengo G, Galosi L, Berardi S, Tambella AM, Attili AR, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Jergens AE, Guard BC, Lidbury JA, Stainer JM, Crovace AM, Suchodolski JS. Effects of the Probiotic Mixture Slab51® (SivoMixx®) as Food Supplement in Healthy Dogs: Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota, Clinical Parameters and Immune Function. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:613. [PMID: 33102555 PMCID: PMC7499176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host. In humans and animals, manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria plays a significant role in modulating the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the probiotic mixture Slab51® and the capacity of this mixture to stimulate immune function in healthy dogs. Twenty dogs were divided in two groups and received a control diet or the same diet supplemented with a dose of 400 billion cfu of lyophilized bacteria for a period of 60 days. Body weight, food intake, body condition score (BCS), fecal score (FSS), fecal immunoglobulin IgA concentration, plasma IgG concentration, and fecal microbiota composition were monitored. Weight, food intake, BCS, FSS, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the treatment in both groups of animals. The fecal microbiota showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus organisms (p < 0.05). Fecal IgA and plasma IgG levels were significantly higher in the group receiving the probiotic compared to healthy controls. These data show that dietary supplementation with the probiotic mixture Slab51® is safe and well-tolerated, modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and enhancing specific immune functions in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | | | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Albert E Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M Stainer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinic Section and Animal Production - Veterinary Hospital, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Cecarini V, Bonfili L, Gogoi O, Lawrence S, Venanzi FM, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM, Rossi G, Berardi S, Galosi L, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Lidbury JA, Eleuteri AM. Neuroprotective effects of p62(SQSTM1)-engineered lactic acid bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: a pre-clinical study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15995-16020. [PMID: 32855357 PMCID: PMC7485699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by neuron death ending in memory and cognitive decline. A major concern in AD research is the identification of new therapeutics that could prevent or delay the onset of the disorder, with current treatments being effective only in reducing symptoms. In this perspective, the use of engineered probiotics as therapeutic tools for the delivery of molecules to eukaryotic cells is finding application in several disorders. This work introduces a new strategy for AD treatment based on the use of a Lactobacilluslactis strain carrying one plasmid (pExu) that contains a eukaryotic expression cassette encoding the human p62 protein. 3xTg-AD mice orally administered with these bacteria for two months showed an increased expression of endogenous p62 in the brain, with a protein delivery mechanism involving both lymphatic vessels and neural terminations, and positive effects on the major AD hallmarks. Mice showed ameliorated memory, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, reduced levels of amyloid peptides, and diminished neuronal oxidative and inflammatory processes. Globally, we demonstrate that these extremely safe, non-pathogenic and non-invasive bacteria used as delivery vehicles for the p62 protein represent an innovative and realistic therapeutic approach in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Olee Gogoi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Solomon Lawrence
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- FAMINAS- BH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- FAMINAS- BH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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Rossi G, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Galosi L, Mangiaterra S, De Simone C. Covid-19 mortality in Italy: gene and diet? Minerva Med 2020:S0026-4806.20.06663-X. [PMID: 32538590 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy - giacomo.rossi @unicam.it
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Claudio De Simone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Publich Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Gavazza A, Galosi L, Berardi S, Mangiaterra S, Mari S, Suchodolski JS, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Pengo G. Rapid Resolution of Large Bowel Diarrhea after the Administration of a Combination of a High-Fiber Diet and a Probiotic Mixture in 30 Dogs. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010021. [PMID: 32050688 PMCID: PMC7158687 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine fiber responsive diarrhea is a form of chronic colitis that improves clinically after adding fiber to the diet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a high-fiber, highly digestible, hypoallergenic diet with a probiotic mixture in 30 dogs with chronic colitis that were unresponsive to various dietary and/or pharmacological interventions. Fecal scores, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores, the dysbiosis index (DI), and histologic images of colonic biopsies were evaluated. At baseline (day 0; T0) and after 30 days of treatment (T1), all variables evaluated in our patients (i.e., fecal and CCECAI scores and histopathology) improved significantly at T1, with the exception of DI. However, there was a numerical shift from a state of dysbiosis to one of normobiosis. The combination of the diet and the probiotic used in the present study induced the resolution of clinical signs in a mean of 8.5 days (maximum 15 days) and did not necessitate any other treatments or the further addition of alimentary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-403-458
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Subeide Mari
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Graziano Pengo
- St. Antonio Veterinary Clinic, S.S. 415 Paullese 6, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy;
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Galosi L, Scaglione FE, Magi GE, Cork SC, Peirce MA, Ferraro S, Cucuzza LS, Cannizzo FT, Rossi G. Fatal Leucocytozoon Infection in a Captive Grey-headed Parrot ( Poicephalus robustus suahelicus). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:179-183. [PMID: 31251506 DOI: 10.1647/2018-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A necropsy was conducted on a female grey-headed parrot (Poicephalus robustus suahelicus) that died following signs of depression, ruffled feathers, and inappetence. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of hemoprotozoa in the liver. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Haemoproteus species, Plasmodium species, and Leucocytozoon species, was performed on frozen tissue samples collected at necropsy. The hemoprotozoa were identified by PCR analysis as Leucocytozoon species. Hemoprotozoa are rarely reported in African parrots, and this is the first report of a Leucocytozooon species infection in a Poicephalus robustus suahelicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Frine E Scaglione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Susan C Cork
- Ecosystem and Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4Z6, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael A Peirce
- International Reference Centre for Avian Haematozoa, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Francesca T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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Rossi G, Gioacchini G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Gavazza A, Scarpona S, Berardi S, Galosi L, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Enterocolic increase of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 and clinical improvement after probiotic administration in dogs with chronic signs of colonic dysmotility without mucosal inflammatory changes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13717. [PMID: 31495983 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety-based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. Specific Lactobacillus spp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine-like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells. METHODS Ten to 15 endoscopic biopsies were collected from colonic mucosa of 20 dogs diagnosed with dysmotility disturbances before and after probiotic (Slab51 bacterial blend; Sivoy® ) administration (3-month period). Number and distribution of mast cells (MCs), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results were compared to data obtained from five clinically healthy dogs (archive samples). KEY RESULTS Decreased numbers of MCs (P < .0001) and increased CB1- and CB2-positive epithelial cells (P < .0001) in diseased dogs were positively associated with post-treatment CCECAI scores (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our results suggest that probiotic administration can reduce signs of colonic dysmotility, possibly due to microbiota modulation and epithelial cell receptor-mediated signaling in intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Berardi S, Galosi L, Mari S, Pengo G, Gavazza A. Evaluation of Some Potential New Serological and Faecal Markers in Canine Lymphangiectasia: Correlation with Mucosal Morphology and Histological Score. J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Galosi L, Heneberg P, Rossi G, Sitko J, Magi GE, Perrucci S. Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird ( Turdus merula). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 9:74-79. [PMID: 31011529 PMCID: PMC6463545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Necropsy of two free-ranging common blackbirds (Turdus merula) found dead in central Italy revealed the presence of a high number of cyclocoelid flukes in the coelomatic cavity. Cyclocoelid flukes primarily infect avian respiratory system. Histologically, air sac walls were covered with a fibrinous exudate containing degenerate heterophils, many trematodes and some colonies of Gram-positive cocci. The superficial bronchi and parabronchi were markedly distended, and the adjacent pulmonary parenchyma was congested and collapsed. Trematodes, surrounded by a mild suppurative to pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction, were also observed on the pericardial, intestinal, kidney and hepatic serosal surfaces. The death of the two examined birds was likely due to the high parasite load and associated severe lesions. At parasitological examination, flukes showed a tongue-shaped elongate body, tapered anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, of 2,088-2,314 μm in width and 8,268-11,830 μm in length. The mouth was slightly oval and sub-terminal, with a small oral sucker. The oval pharynx measured 250-309 μm, and the two caeca joined posteriorly. Two large (550-702 μm × 450-520 μm) globular testes were situated obliquely to each other, whereas an oval (250 × 300 μm in mean) or round (about 334 μm in diameter) intertesticular ovary was placed in a longitudinal straight line with the testes. The ootype was about 110 μm in diameter, while the brown-yellow eggs measured 131.5 × 73.9 μm in mean. The genital pore was post-pharyngeal, while the symmetrically arranged vitelline glands were not confluent posteriorly. Morphoflogical diagnosis led to the identification of Morishitium polonicum, a cyclocoelid fluke species that typically inhabits the air sacs of blackbirds. The morphological diagnosis was corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci. The present study provides the first report of pathological lesions and death caused by M. polonicum in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Jilji Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
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Robino P, Ferrocino I, Rossi G, Dogliero A, Alessandria V, Grosso L, Galosi L, Tramuta C, Cocolin L, Nebbia P. Changes in gut bacterial communities in canaries infected by Macrorhabdus ornithogaster. Avian Pathol 2018; 48:111-120. [PMID: 30499334 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1553294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster is an opportunistic yeast that colonizes the gastric mucosa of many avian species. Until now, no studies have focused on the influence of a gastric infection on the balance of the intestinal microbiota of birds. In this study, 44 faecal samples from individual canaries, with and without M. ornithogaster infection, were analysed. The detection of the yeast was evaluated by 18S rRNA PCR. In order to evaluate the impact of the Macrorhabdus infection on the bacterial communities, culture-independent methods, by the use of amplicon-based sequencing as well as 16S rRNA-DGGE, were adopted. The different health status of animals affected the relative abundance of the main OTUs, with a greater diversification of the gut microbiota in healthy animals compared to the infected. In particular, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Lachnospiraceae, Propionibacterium and Weissella were found to be characteristic of uninfected animals (FDR < 0.05), while Lactobacillus and Candidatus Arthromitus were characteristic of infected animals (FDR < 0.05). Both these taxa have been reported as immunostimulatory, involved in immunological disorders. In infected animals the inferred metagenome assessed by PICRUST clearly showed a positive correlation between the presence of M. ornithogaster and KEGG genes related to ether lipid metabolism, already reported to be immunostimulatory by activation of macrophages and to play a pathophysiological role in several immunological disorders. Finally, our results show an interaction between infection of the digestive tract and intestinal microbiota of pet birds and provide insight into the changing of the complex enteric bacterial community. HIGHLIGHTS Macrorabdus ornithogaster is a gastric yeast that colonizes a wide range of birds. Differences were found between infected and healthy animals in gut microbiota. Candidatus Arthromitus was closely associated with infected birds. M. ornithogaster can affect intestinal microbiota composition of canaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Robino
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- b Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- c School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino , Matelica , Italy
| | - Andrea Dogliero
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Valentina Alessandria
- b Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Lisa Grosso
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- c School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino , Matelica , Italy
| | - Clara Tramuta
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- b Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy
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Abstract
Avian ganglioneuritis (AG) comprises one of the most intricate pathologies in avian medicine and is researched worldwide. Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been shown to be a causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease in birds. The avian Bornaviridae represent a genetically diverse group of viruses that are widely distributed in captive and wild populations around the world. ABV and other infective agents are implicated as a cause of the autoimmune pathology that leads to AG, similar to human Guillain Barrè syndrome. Management of affected birds is beneficial and currently centered at reducing neurologic inflammation, managing secondary complications, and providing nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- Animal Pathology Section, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Robert D Dahlhausen
- Avian and Exotic Animal Medical Center and Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics, Inc, 5989 Meijer Drive, Suite 5, Milford, OH 45150, USA
| | - Livio Galosi
- Animal Pathology Section, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Susan E Orosz
- Bird and Exotic Pet Wellness Center, 5166 Monroe Street, Suite 306, Toledo, OH 43623, USA.
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35
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Rossi G, Galosi L, Berardi S, Piano MA, Robino P, Rose T, Calabrò ML. Neck Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma in a Fischer's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri). Res Vet Sci 2016; 106:112-5. [PMID: 27234547 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A six-year-old female Fischer's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) presented at necropsy with a cutaneous mass on the neck, 3.5cm in diameter, yielding and with blood content. Histopathological findings showed a neoplasm characterized by proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. The histology of the mass revealed a multinodular, focally infiltrating tumor. Deeper dermal nodules were made of spindle cells forming vascular slits reminiscent of the histology seen in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). More superficially located dermal nodules consisted of small blood vessels, with histology resembling capillary hemangioma. The spindle cells and capillaries were strongly positive for Vimentin, endothelial cell marker CD31, and negative for sarcomeric α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Intravascular platelet trapping and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive hyaline globules were also observed. Differential diagnosis included Kaposi's sarcoma, capillary haemangioma, spindle cell haemangioendothelioma, and epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Based on morphological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a cutaneous Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE), a rare, low-grade malignant vascular neoplasm. Other organs showed no abnormalities. PCR amplifications, conducted using Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific primers and degenerate sets of primers designed to detect and characterize members of the Herpesviridae, on DNA extracted from tumor tissue and from whole blood failed to amplify any KSHV-related sequence. Moreover, no specific signal was obtained using primers for detection of psittacine herpesvirus, known to be linked to Pacheco's disease in parrots. To the best of our knowledge, this unusual case is the third report of KHE in a non-human animal species, the first described in a bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Piano
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Timothy Rose
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, JMB - 8 - Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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36
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Abstract
Effective management of facial pain syndromes requires a correct clinical diagnosis. The temporal pattern of chronic pain is the most important aspect to be considered. It allows the identification of three groups of patients: (1) those who have paroxysmal pain, (2) those with mixed paroxysmal and constant pain, and (3) those with strictly constant pain. The less is the paroxysmal component, the more likely it seems to be that surgical intervention is useless or even dangerous. In particular, when the diagnosis is atypical facial pain, that is, a diffuse, nonanatomic orofacial pain of unknown pathophysiology, none of the surgical strategies that can cure trigeminal neuralgia should be used. Trigeminal neuralgia patients are often referred to neurosurgeons because of their well-known capability to obtain pain relief through many different procedures such as microvascular decompression, percutaneous balloon microcompression, thermorizotomy, drug injection within the trigeminal cistern and radiosurgery. Since all these procedure can cure patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia, the ideal algorithm of treatment is still under debate. We report on our 20 year-long experience with the surgical treatment of facial pain in general and trigeminal neuralgia in particular. Our treatment algorithm for trigeminal neuralgia is presented. Some ideas to offer a possible surgical help to patients with less typical, medically intractable, chronic facial pain are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Broggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, C. Besta National Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, I-20133, Milan, Italy.
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