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Tykvartova T, Miklovic M, Kotrc M, Skaroupkova P, Kazdova L, Trnovska J, Skop V, Kolar M, Novotny J, Melenovsky V. The impact of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on right and left ventricular remodeling in heart failure due to chronic volume overload. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1172. [PMID: 38284173 PMCID: PMC10823410 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
While phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition (PED5i) may prevent hypertrophy and failure in pressure-overloaded heart in an experimental model, the impact of PDE5i on volume-overload (VO)-induced hypertrophy is unknown. It is also unclear whether the hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) differ in their responsiveness to long-term PDE5i and if this therapy affects renal function. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effect of PDE5i treatment in VO due to aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and to compare PDE5i treatment with standard heart failure (HF) therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). ACF/sham procedure was performed on male HanSD rats aged 8 weeks. ACF animals were randomized for PDE5i sildenafil, ACEi trandolapril, or placebo treatments. After 20 weeks, RV and LV function (echocardiography, pressure-volume analysis), myocardial gene expression, and renal function were studied. Separate rat cohorts served for survival analysis. ACF led to biventricular eccentric hypertrophy (LV: +68%, RV: +145%), increased stroke work (LV: 3.6-fold, RV: 6.7-fold), and reduced load-independent systolic function (PRSW, LV: -54%, RV: -51%). Both ACF ventricles exhibited upregulation of the genes of myocardial stress and glucose metabolism. ACEi but not PDE5i attenuated pulmonary congestion, LV remodeling, albuminuria, and improved survival (median survival in ACF/ACEi was 41 weeks vs. 35 weeks in ACF/placebo, p = .02). PDE5i increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the lungs, but not in the RV, LV, or kidney. PDE5i did not improve survival rate and cardiac and renal function in ACF rats, in contrast to ACEi. VO-induced HF is not responsive to PDE5i therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Tykvartova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Matus Miklovic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Kotrc
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petra Skaroupkova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Michal Kolar
- Laboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Laboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEMPragueCzech Republic
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Vecera R, Poruba M, Hüttl M, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Racova Z, Soukop J, Kazdova L. Beneficial Effect of Fenofibrate and Silymarin on Hepatic Steatosis and Gene Expression of Lipogenic and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1889-1900. [PMID: 35678658 PMCID: PMC9164080 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of hepatic steatosis has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of fenofibrate and silymarin, administered as monotherapy and in combination to existing hepatic steatosis in a unique strain of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg), a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. HHTg rats were fed a standard diet without or with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg b.wt./day) or with silymarin (1%) or with a combination of fenofibrate with silymarin for four weeks. Fenofibrate alone and in combination with silymarin decreased serum and liver triglycerides and cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol. These effects were associated with the decreased gene expression of enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and transport, while enzymes of lipid conversion were upregulated. The combination treatment had a beneficial effect on the gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The expression of the CYP2E1 enzyme, which is source of hepatic reactive oxygen species, was reduced. In addition, fenofibrate-induced increased CYP4A1 expression was decreased, suggesting a reduction in the pro-inflammatory effects of fenofibrate. These results show high efficacy and mechanisms of action of the combination of fenofibrate with silymarin in treating hepatic steatosis and indicate the possibility of protection against disorders in which oxidative stress and inflammation are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Vecera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Martin Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (Z.R.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585-632-556
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.); (O.O.); (I.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.); (O.O.); (I.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.); (O.O.); (I.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Irena Markova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.); (O.O.); (I.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Zuzana Racova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Soukop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.); (O.O.); (I.M.); (L.K.)
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Poruba M, Anzenbacher P, Racova Z, Oliyarnyk O, Hüttl M, Malinska H, Markova I, Gurska S, Kazdova L, Vecera R. The effect of combined diet containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and silymarin on metabolic syndrome in rats. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S39-S50. [PMID: 31755289 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of development of metabolic syndrome can be increased by hypertriglyceridemia. A search for effective therapy is a subject of considerable attention. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the fish oil (containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFA) in a combination with silymarin can more effectively protect against hypertriglyceridemia-induced metabolic disturbances. The study was conducted using a unique non-obese strain of rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia an accepted model of metabolic syndrome. Adult male rats were treated with n-3 PUFA (300 mg/kg/day) without or with 1 % micronized silymarin in a diet for 4 weeks. The treatment with the diet containing n-3 PUFA and silymarin significantly reduced concentrations of serum triglycerides (-45 %), total cholesterol (-18 %), non-esterified fatty acids (-33 %), and ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle (-35 %) compared to controls. In addition, an increase in Abcg5 and Abcg8 mRNA expression (as genes affecting lipid homeostasis) as well as in protein content of ABCG5 (+78 %) and ABCG8 (+232 %) transporters have been determined in the liver of treated rats. Our findings suggest that this combined diet could be used in the prevention of hypertriglyceridemia-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Malinska H, Hüttl M, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Poruba M, Racova Z, Kazdova L, Vecera R. Beneficial effects of troxerutin on metabolic disorders in non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220377. [PMID: 31404079 PMCID: PMC6690532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Troxerutin (TRX) has a beneficial effect on blood viscosity and platelet aggregation, and is currently used for the treatment of chronic varicosity. Recently, TRX can improve lipid abnormalities, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. In this study, we tested the effect of TRX on metabolic syndrome-associated disorders using a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome–the Hereditary Hypertriglyceridaemic rats (HHTg). Methods Adult male HHTg rats were fed standard diet without or with TRX (150 mg/kg bwt/day for 4 weeks). Results Compared to untreated rats, TRX supplementation in HHTg rats decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05). Although blood lipids were not affected, TRX decreased hepatic cholesterol concentrations (p<0.01) and reduced gene expression of HMGCR, SREBP2 and SCD1 (p<0.01), involved in cholesterol synthesis and lipid homeostasis. TRX-treated rats exhibited decreased lipoperoxidation and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx (p<0.05) in the liver. In addition, TRX supplementation increased insulin sensitivity in muscles and epididymal adipose tissue (p<0.05). Elevated serum adiponectin (p<0.05) and decreased muscle triglyceride (p<0.05) helped improve insulin sensitivity. Among the beneficial effects of TRX were changes to cytochrome P450 family enzymes. Hepatic gene expression of CYP4A1, CYP4A3 and CYP5A1 (p<0.01) decreased, while there was a marked elevation in gene expression of CYP1A1 (p<0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that TRX improves hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. As well as ameliorating oxidative stress, TRX can reduce ectopic lipid deposition, affect genes involved in lipid metabolism, and influence the activity of CYP family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Markova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Racova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Vecera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Poruba M, Matuskova Z, Hüttl M, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Gurska S, Kazdova L, Vecera R. Fenofibrate Decreases Hepatic P-Glycoprotein in a Rat Model of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30787874 PMCID: PMC6373460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound transporter encoded by Mdr1a/Abcb1a and Mdr1b/Abcb1b genes in rodents involved in the efflux of cytotoxic chemicals and metabolites from cells. Modulation of its activity influences P-gp-mediated drug delivery and drug-drug interaction (DDI). In the current study, we tested the effects of fenofibrate on P-gp mRNA and protein content in non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. Males hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg) were fed standard laboratory diet (STD) (Controls) supplemented with micronized fenofibrate in lower (25 mg/kg b. wt./day) or in higher (100 mg/kg b. wt./day) dose for 4 weeks. Liver was used for the subsequent mRNA and protein content analysis. Fenofibrate in lower dose decreased hepatic Mdr1a by 75% and Mdr1b by 85%, while fenofibrate in higher dose decreased Mdr1a by 90% and Mdr1b by 92%. P-gp protein content in the liver was decreased by 74% in rat treated with fenofibrate at lower dose and by 88% in rats using fenofibrate at higher dose. These findings demonstrate for the first time that fenofibrate decreases both mRNA and protein amount of P-gp and suggest that fenofibrate could affect bioavailability and interaction of drugs used to treat dyslipidemia-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Matuskova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malinska
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Markova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sona Gurska
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rostislav Vecera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Markova I, Miklankova D, Hüttl M, Kacer P, Skibova J, Kucera J, Sedlacek R, Kacerova T, Kazdova L, Malinska H. The Effect of Lipotoxicity on Renal Dysfunction in a Nonobese Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome: A Urinary Proteomic Approach. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8712979. [PMID: 31886287 PMCID: PMC6925916 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8712979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of metabolic syndrome-associated renal dysfunction is exacerbated by a number of factors including dyslipidemia, ectopic deposition of lipids and their toxic metabolites, impairment of lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Renal dysfunction is also affected by the production of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors secreted from adipose tissue, which can in turn directly impair kidney cells and potentiate insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the manifestation of renal lipid accumulation and its effect on renal dysfunction in a model of metabolic syndrome-the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat (HHTg)-by assessing microalbuminuria and targeted urinary proteomics. Male Wistar control rats and HHTg rats were fed a standard diet and observed over the course of ageing at 3, 12, and 20 months of age. RESULTS Chronically elevated levels of triglycerides in HHTg rats were associated with increased levels of NEFA during OGTT and over a period of 24 hours (+80%, P < 0.01). HHTg animals exhibited qualitative changes in NEFA fatty acid composition, represented by an increased proportion of saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) and a decreased proportion of n-3 PUFA (P < 0.01). Ectopic lipid deposition in the kidneys of HHTg rats-triglycerides (+30%) and cholesterol (+10%)-was associated with markedly elevated microalbuminuria as ageing increased, despite the absence of microalbuminuria at the young age of 3 months in these animals. According to targeted proteomic analysis, 3-month-old HHTg rats (in comparison to age-matched controls) exhibited increased urinary secretion of proinflammatory parameters (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, P < 0.01) and decreased urinary secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF, P < 0.01) before manifestation of microalbuminuria. Elevation in the urinary secretion of inflammatory cytokines can be affected by increased relative expression of MCP-1 in the renal cortex (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid accumulation to be key contributors in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated renal dysfunction. Assessing urinary secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and epidermal growth factor can help in detecting early development of metabolic syndrome-associated renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Markova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklankova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Skibova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucera
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kacerova
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
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Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Malinska H, Trnovska J, Hüttl M, Skop V, Matuskova Z, Poruba M, Vecera R, Kazdova L. Micronized silymarin extract reduced hepatotoxic effect of fenofibrate in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malinska H, Škop V, Trnovska J, Markova I, Svoboda P, Kazdova L, Haluzik M. Metformin attenuates myocardium dicarbonyl stress induced by chronic hypertriglyceridemia. Physiol Res 2017; 67:181-189. [PMID: 29137475 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive dicarbonyls stimulate production of advanced glycation endproducts, increase oxidative stress and inflammation and contribute to the development of vascular complications. We measured concentrations of dicarbonyls - methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxal (GL) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) - in the heart and kidney of a model of metabolic syndrome - hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg) and explored its modulation by metformin. Adult HHTg rats were fed a standard diet with or without metformin (300 mg/kg b.w.) and dicarbonyl levels and metabolic parameters were measured. HHTg rats had markedly elevated serum levels of triacylglycerols (p<0.001), FFA (p<0.01) and hepatic triacylglycerols (p<0.001) along with increased concentrations of reactive dicarbonyls in myocardium (MG: p<0.001; GL: p<0.01; 3-DG: p<0.01) and kidney cortex (MG: p<0.01). Metformin treatment significantly reduced reactive dicarbonyls in the myocardium (MG: p<0.05, GL: p<0.05, 3-DG: p<0.01) along with increase of myocardial concentrations of reduced glutathione (p<0.01) and glyoxalase 1 mRNA expression (p<0.05). Metformin did not have any significant effect on dicarbonyls, glutathione or on glyoxalase 1 expression in kidney cortex. Chronically elevated hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increased levels of dicarbonyls in heart and kidney. Beneficial effects of metformin on reactive dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in the heart could contribute to its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Malinska
- Department of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Skop V, Trnovska J, Hüttl M, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Malinska H, Kazdova L. Role of brown adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Malinska H, Trnovska J, Huttl M, Skop V, Matuskova Z, Poruba M, Vecera R, Kazdova L. Combination of silymarin with N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids enhances hepatoprotective effect of silymarin in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trnovská J, Pravenec M, Silhavy J, Strnad H, Eigner S, Eigner Henke K, Skop V, Malinska H, Kazdova L, Drahota Z, Mracek T, Houstek J. Autocrine effects of transgenic resistin on brown adipose tissue glucose and lipid metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Belinova L, Kahleova H, Malinska H, Topolcan O, Windrichova J, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L, Hill M, Pelikanova T. The effect of meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen on the gastrointestinal and appetite hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised crossover study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174820. [PMID: 28369078 PMCID: PMC5378398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Appetite and gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) participate in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior and regulation of body weight. We demonstrated previously the superior effect of a hypocaloric diet regimen with lower meal frequency (B2) on body weight, hepatic fat content, insulin sensitivity and feelings of hunger compared to the same diet divided into six smaller meals a day (A6). Studies with isoenergetic diet regimens indicate that lower meal frequency should also have an effect on fasting and postprandial responses of GIHs. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of two hypocaloric diet regimens on fasting levels of appetite and GIHs and on their postprandial responses after a standard meal. It was hypothesized that lower meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen leading to greater body weight reduction and reduced hunger would be associated with decreased plasma concentrations of GIHs: gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), peptide YY(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and leptin and increased plasma concentration of ghrelin. The postprandial response of satiety hormones (GLP-1, PYY and PP) and postprandial suppression of ghrelin will be improved. Methods In a randomized crossover study, 54 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) underwent both regimens. The concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, PP, PYY, amylin, leptin and ghrelin were determined using multiplex immunoanalyses. Results Fasting leptin and GIP decreased in response to both regimens with no difference between the treatments (p = 0.37 and p = 0.83, respectively). Fasting ghrelin decreased in A6 and increased in B2 (with difference between regimens p = 0.023). Fasting PP increased in B2with no significant difference between regimens (p = 0.17). Neither GLP-1 nor PYY did change in either regimen. The decrease in body weight correlated negatively with changes in fasting ghrelin (r = -0.4, p<0.043) and the postprandial reduction of ghrelin correlated positively with its fasting level (r = 0.9, p<0.001). The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Conclusions Both hypocaloric diet regimens reduced fasting leptin and GIP and postprandial response of GIP comparably. The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Eating only breakfast and lunch increased fasting plasma ghrelin more than the same caloric restriction split into six meals. The changes in fasting ghrelin correlated negatively with the decrease in body weight. These results suggest that for type 2 diabetic patients on a hypocaloric diet, eating larger breakfast and lunch may be more efficient than six smaller meals during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Belinova
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Windrichova
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroid Hormones and Proteohormones, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Department of Diabetology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Skop V, Trnovska J, Huttl M, Malinska H, Markova I, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L. Effect of salsalate on metabolic syndrome-related parameters and activity of brown adipose tissue in Wistar and hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Markova I, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L, Pravenec M. Transgenic overexpression of the Nrf2 ameliorates insulin resistance and changes fatty acids in membrane phospholipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kahleova H, Malinska H, Kazdova L, Belinova L, Tura A, Hill M, Pelikanova T. The Effect of Meal Frequency on the Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:317-25. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1046197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Veleba J, Kopecky J, Janovska P, Kuda O, Horakova O, Malinska H, Kazdova L, Oliyarnyk O, Skop V, Trnovska J, Hajek M, Skoch A, Flachs P, Bardova K, Rossmeisl M, Olza J, de Castro GS, Calder PC, Gardlo A, Fiserova E, Jensen J, Bryhn M, Kopecky J, Pelikanova T. Combined intervention with pioglitazone and n-3 fatty acids in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: improvement of lipid metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:52. [PMID: 26633989 PMCID: PMC4667423 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The marine n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to improve treatment of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone in overweight/obese T2D patients already treated with metformin. Methods In a parallel-group, four-arm, randomized trial, 69 patients (66 % men) were assigned to 24-week-intervention using: (i) corn oil (5 g/day; Placebo), (ii) pioglitazone (15 mg/day; Pio), (iii) EPA + DHA concentrate (5 g/day, containing ~2.8 g EPA + DHA; Omega-3), or (iv) pioglitazone and EPA + DHA concentrate (Pio& Omega-3). Data from 60 patients were used for the final evaluation. At baseline and after intervention, various metabolic markers, adiponectin and cytokines were evaluated in serum using standard procedures, EPA + DHA content in serum phospholipids was evaluated using shotgun lipidomics and mass spectrometry, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and meal test were also performed. Indirect calorimetry was conducted after the intervention. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in insulin sensitivity evaluated using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and in serum triacylglycerol concentrations in fasting state. Secondary endpoints included changes in fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), changes in postprandial glucose, free fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations, metabolic flexibility assessed by indirect calorimetry, and inflammatory markers. Results Omega-3 and Pio& Omega-3 increased EPA + DHA content in serum phospholipids. Pio and Pio& Omega-3 increased body weight and adiponectin levels. Both fasting glycemia and HbA1c were increased by Omega-3, but were unchanged by Pio& Omega-3. Insulin sensitivity was not affected by Omega-3, while it was improved by Pio& Omega-3. Fasting triacylglycerol concentrations and inflammatory markers were not significantly affected by any of the interventions. Lipid metabolism in the meal test and metabolic flexibility were additively improved by Pio& Omega-3. Conclusion Besides preventing a modest negative effect of n-3 fatty acids on glycemic control, the combination of pioglitazone and EPA + DHA can be used to improve lipid metabolism in T2D patients on stable metformin therapy. Trial registration EudraCT number 2009-011106-42. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0047-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Veleba
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hajek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Skoch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josune Olza
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriela Salim de Castro
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alzbeta Gardlo
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fiserova
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kazdova L. Relationship of Circulating Fatty Acid Profile to Metabolic Disorders Associated with Insulin Resistance. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1308-9. [PMID: 26629522 PMCID: PMC4634871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Kazdova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mlejnek P, Landa V, Zidek V, Silhavy J, Simakova M, Pravenec M, Liska F, Kazdova L, Izsvak Z, Mancini M. GW26-e2423 The role of mutant Plzf in metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cahova M, Palenickova E, Dankova H, Sticova E, Burian M, Drahota Z, Cervinkova Z, Kucera O, Gladkova C, Stopka P, Krizova J, Papackova Z, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L. Metformin prevents ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in the fatty liver by attenuation of reactive oxygen species formation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G100-11. [PMID: 26045616 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00329.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with chronic oxidative stress. In our study, we explored the antioxidant effect of antidiabetic metformin on chronic [high-fat diet (HFD)-induced] and acute oxidative stress induced by short-term warm partial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or on a combination of both in the liver. Wistar rats were fed a standard diet (SD) or HFD for 10 wk, half of them being administered metformin (150 mg·kg body wt(-1)·day(-1)). Metformin treatment prevented acute stress-induced necroinflammatory reaction, reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase serum activity, and diminished lipoperoxidation. The effect was more pronounced in the HFD than in the SD group. The metformin-treated groups exhibited less severe mitochondrial damage (markers: cytochrome c release, citrate synthase activity, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial respiration) and apoptosis (caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation). Metformin-treated HFD-fed rats subjected to I/R exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity as well as attenuated mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ATP resynthesis. The exposure to I/R significantly increased NADH- and succinate-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) mitochondrial production in vitro. The effect of I/R was significantly alleviated by previous metformin treatment. Metformin downregulated the I/R-induced expression of proinflammatory (TNF-α, TLR4, IL-1β, Ccr2) and infiltrating monocyte (Ly6c) and macrophage (CD11b) markers. Our data indicate that metformin reduces mitochondrial performance but concomitantly protects the liver from I/R-induced injury. We propose that the beneficial effect of metformin action is based on a combination of three contributory mechanisms: increased antioxidant enzyme activity, lower mitochondrial ROS production, and reduction of postischemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cahova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eliska Palenickova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dankova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Burian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Cervinkova
- Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kucera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Gladkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Academy of Science CR, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Academy of Science CR, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Papackova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Skop V, Malinska H, Trnovska J, Kazdova L. The protective effect of metformin on hypertriglyceridemia-induced dicarbonyl stress in serum and tissues. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Oliyarnyk O, Malinska H, Skop V, Kazdova L, Pravenec M. Lipid-lowering and antioxidant effect of metformin in spontaneously hypertensive rats expressing human c-reactive protein. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Markova I, Malinska H, Skop V, Trnovska J, Kazdova L. Metabolic effects of increased long-term consumption of myristic acid. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Malinska H, Hüttl M, Oliyarnyk O, Bratova M, Kazdova L. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces visceral and ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in chronic severe hypertriacylglycerolemia. Nutrition 2015; 31:1045-51. [PMID: 26059381 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic health effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is one of the principal polyunsaturated fatty acids, are controversial and still not fully accepted. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CLA on adiposity, ectopic lipid accumulation, and insulin-resistant states in a metabolic syndrome model of non-obese hereditary rats with hypertriacylglycerolmia (HHTg). METHODS Groups of adult male HHTg rats were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (70% sucrose) with a 2% mixture of CLA isomers, or with the same amount of sunflower oil (control group) for 2 mo. RESULTS CLA supplementation decreased body weight gain (P < 0.05) and visceral adipose tissue weight (P < 0.01), and distinctively reduced serum triacylglycerols (P < 0.01) and triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver, heart, muscle, and aorta. CLA-treated rats exhibited increased insulin sensitivity in the adipose (P < 0.01), a higher release of fatty acids (P < 0.001), and increased adiponectin secretion (P < 0.01).In the skeletal muscle, CLA supplementation was associated with increased glucose oxidation (P < 0.01) and an elevated anti-inflammatory index (P < 0.05), according to phospholipid fatty acid composition. In the liver, CLA reduced the oxidized form of glutathione and elevated the activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION Results suggest that CLA supplementation may protect against HHTg-induced dyslipidemia, ectopic lipid deposition, and insulin resistance. Increased glucose oxidation in the skeletal muscle as well as adiponectin secretion may play a role in the mechanism of the CLA action. Results suggest that CLA could reduce the negative consequences of HHTg and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miriam Bratova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Cahova M, Chrastina P, Hansikova H, Drahota Z, Trnovska J, Skop V, Spacilova J, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Papackova Z, Palenickova E, Kazdova L. Carnitine supplementation alleviates lipid metabolism derangements and protects against oxidative stress in non-obese hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:280-91. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of carnitine supplementation on lipid disorders and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity in a non-obese animal model of insulin resistance, the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rat. Male HHTg rats were fed a standard diet, and half of them received daily doses of carnitine (500 mg·kg−1body weight) for 8 weeks. Rats of the original Wistar strain were used for comparison. HHTg rats exhibited increased urinary excretion of free carnitine and reduced carnitine content in the liver and blood. Carnitine supplementation compensated for this shortage and promoted urinary excretion of acetylcarnitine without any signs of (acyl)carnitine accumulation in skeletal muscle. Compared with their untreated littermates, carnitine-treated HHTg rats exhibited lower weight gain, reduced liver steatosis, lower fasting triglyceridemia, and greater reduction of serum free fatty acid content after glucose load. Carnitine treatment was associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity for fatty acids, amelioration of oxidative stress, and restored substrate switching in the liver. In skeletal muscle (diaphragm), carnitine supplementation was associated with significantly higher palmitate oxidation and a more favorable complete to incomplete oxidation products ratio. Carnitine supplementation further enhanced insulin sensitivity ex vivo. No effects on whole-body glucose tolerance were observed. Our data suggest that some metabolic syndrome-related disorders, particularly fatty acid oxidation, steatosis, and oxidative stress in the liver, could be attenuated by carnitine supplementation. The effect of carnitine could be explained, at least partly, by enhanced substrate oxidation and increased fatty acid transport from tissues in the form of short-chain acylcarnitines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cahova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chrastina
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovska
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skop
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Spacilova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Papackova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Palenickova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Kahleova H, Belinova L, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Trnovska J, Skop V, Kazdova L, Dezortova M, Hajek M, Tura A, Hill M, Pelikanova T. Erratum to: Eating two larger meals a day (breakfast and lunch) is more effective than six smaller meals in a reduced-energy regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia 2015; 58:205. [PMID: 25316434 PMCID: PMC4643570 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic,
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Malinska H, Kahleova H, Topolcan O, Vrzalova J, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L, Belinova L, Hill M, Pelikanova T. Postprandial oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones: is there a link? PLoS One 2014; 9:e103565. [PMID: 25141237 PMCID: PMC4139261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal postprandial elevation of plasma glucose and lipids plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and strongly predicts cardiovascular mortality. In patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) postprandial state is associated with oxidative stress, cardiovascular risk and, probably, with impairment of both secretion and the effect of gastrointestinal peptides. Evaluating postprandial changes of gastrointestinal hormones together with changes in oxidative stress markers may help to understand the mechanisms behind the postprandial state in diabetes as well as suggest new preventive and therapeutical strategies. Methods A standard meal test has been used for monitoring the postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in patients with T2D (n = 50) compared to healthy controls (n = 50). Blood samples were drawn 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the standard meal. Results Both basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin proved to be significantly higher in patients with T2D, whereas plasma concentrations of ghrelin showed significantly lower values during the whole meal test. In comparison with healthy controls, both basal and postprandial concentrations of almost all other gastrointestinal hormones and lipoperoxidation were significantly increased while ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in patients with T2D. A positive relationship was found between changes in GIP and those of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in diabetic patients (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and between changes in PYY and those of glucose (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between changes in GIP and PYY and changes in ascorbic acid in patients with T2D (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion/Interpretation Apart from a positive relationship of postprandial changes in GIP and PYY with changes in ascorbic acid, there was no direct link observed between gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in diabetic patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01572402
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (HK); (TP)
| | | | | | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Belinova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (HK); (TP)
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Pravenec M, Silhavy J, Zidek V, Mlejnek P, Landa V, Simakova M, Strnad H, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L, Kurtz T. Fumaric acid esters can block pro-inflammatory actions of human CRP and ameliorate metabolic disturbances in transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kahleova H, Belinova L, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Trnovska J, Skop V, Kazdova L, Dezortova M, Hajek M, Tura A, Hill M, Pelikanova T. Eating two larger meals a day (breakfast and lunch) is more effective than six smaller meals in a reduced-energy regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1552-60. [PMID: 24838678 PMCID: PMC4079942 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to compare the effect of six (A6 regimen) vs two meals a day, breakfast and lunch (B2 regimen), on body weight, hepatic fat content (HFC), insulin resistance and beta cell function. METHODS In a randomised, open, crossover, single-centre study (conducted in Prague, Czech Republic), we assigned 54 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents, both men and women, age 30-70 years, BMI 27-50 kg/m(2) and HbA1c 6-11.8% (42-105 mmol/mol), to follow two regimens of a hypoenergetic diet, A6 and B2, each for 12 weeks. Randomisation and allocation to trial groups (n = 27 and n = 27) were carried out by a central computer system. Individual calculations of energy requirements for both regimens were based on the formula: (resting energy expenditure × 1.5) - 2,092 kJ. The diet in both regimens had the same macronutrient and energy content. HFC was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Insulin sensitivity was measured by isoglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and calculated by mathematical modelling as oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS). Beta cell function was assessed during standard meal tests by C-peptide deconvolution and was quantified with a mathematical model. For statistical analysis, 2 × 2 crossover ANOVA was used. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis included all participants (n = 54). Body weight decreased in both regimens (p < 0.001), more for B2 (-2.3 kg; 95% CI -2.7, -2.0 kg for A6 vs -3.7 kg; 95% CI -4.1, -3.4 kg for B2; p < 0.001). HFC decreased in response to both regimens (p < 0.001), more for B2 (-0.03%; 95% CI -0.033%, -0.027% for A6 vs -0.04%; 95% CI -0.041%, -0.035% for B2; p = 0.009). Fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide levels decreased in both regimens (p < 0.001), more for B2 (p = 0.004 and p = 0.04, respectively). Fasting plasma glucagon decreased with the B2 regimen (p < 0.001), whereas it increased (p = 0.04) for the A6 regimen (p < 0.001). OGIS increased in both regimens (p < 0.01), more for B2 (p = 0.01). No adverse events were observed for either regimen. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Eating only breakfast and lunch reduced body weight, HFC, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide and glucagon, and increased OGIS, more than the same caloric restriction split into six meals. These results suggest that, for type 2 diabetic patients on a hypoenergetic diet, eating larger breakfasts and lunches may be more beneficial than six smaller meals during the day. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01277471, completed. Funding Grant NT/11238-4 from Ministry of Health, Prague, Czech Republic and the Agency of Charles University - GAUK No 702312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic,
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Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L. The effect of hypertriglyceridemia on carbonyl and oxidative stress in an experimental model of insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Skop V, Cahova M, Dankova H, Papackova Z, Palenickova E, Svoboda P, Zidkova J, Kazdova L. Autophagy inhibition in early but not in later stages prevents 3T3-L1 differentiation: Effect on mitochondrial remodeling. Differentiation 2014; 87:220-9. [PMID: 25041706 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for successful white adipocyte differentiation but the data regarding the timing and relevance of autophagy action during different phases of adipogenesis are limited. We subjected 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to a standard differentiation protocol and inhibited the autophagy within time-limited periods (days 0-2; 2-4; 4-6; 6-8) by asparagine or 3-methyladenine. In the normal course of events, both autophagy flux and the mRNA expression of autophagy related genes (Atg5, Atg12, Atg16, beclin 1) is most intensive at the beginning of differentiation (days 0-4) and then declines. The initiation of differentiation is associated with a 50% reduction of the mitochondrial copy number on day 2 followed by rapid mitochondrial biogenesis. Preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes differ in the mRNA expression of genes involved in electron transport (Nufsd1, Sdhb, Uqcrc1); ATP synthesis (ATP5b); fatty acid metabolism (CPT1b, Acadl); mitochondrial transporters (Hspa9, Slc25A1) and the TCA cycle (Pcx, Mdh2) as well as citrate synthase activity. Autophagy inhibition during the first two days of differentiation blocked both phenotype changes (lipid accumulation) and the gene expression pattern, while having no or only a marginal effect over any other time period. Similarly, autophagy inhibition between days 0-2 inhibited mitotic clonal expansion as well as mitochondrial network remodeling. In conclusion, we found that autophagy is essential and most active during an initial stage of adipocyte differentiation but it is dispensable during its later stages. We propose that the degradation of preadipocyte cytoplasmic structures, predominantly mitochondria, is an important function of autophagy during this phase and its absence prevents remodeling of the mitochondrial gene expression pattern and mitochondrial network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Skop
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Dankova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Papackova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Palenickova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Zidkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Melenovsky V, Kotrc M, Polak J, Pelikanova T, Bendlova B, Cahova M, Malek I, Jarolim P, Kazdova L, Kautzner J. Availability of energetic substrates and exercise performance in heart failure with or without diabetes. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:754-63. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotrc
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; The Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Diabetes Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Cahova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Malek
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
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Drahota Z, Palenickova E, Endlicher R, Milerova M, Brejchova J, Vosahlikova M, Svoboda P, Kazdova L, Kalous M, Cervinkova Z, Cahova M. Biguanides inhibit complex I, II and IV of rat liver mitochondria and modify their functional properties. Physiol Res 2013; 63:1-11. [PMID: 24182344 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focused on an analysis of biguanides effects on mitochondrial enzyme activities, mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane permeability transition pore function. We used phenformin, which is more efficient than metformin, and evaluated its effect on rat liver mitochondria and isolated hepatocytes. In contrast to previously published data, we found that phenformin, after a 5 min pre-incubation, dose-dependently inhibits not only mitochondrial complex I but also complex II and IV activity in isolated mitochondria. The enzymes complexes inhibition is paralleled by the decreased respiratory control index and mitochondrial membrane potential. Direct measurements of mitochondrial swelling revealed that phenformin increases the resistance of the permeability transition pore to Ca(2+) ions. Our data might be in agreement with the hypothesis of Schäfer (1976) that binding of biguanides to membrane phospholipids alters membrane properties in a non-specific manner and, subsequently, different enzyme activities are modified via lipid phase. However, our measurements of anisotropy of fluorescence of hydrophobic membrane probe diphenylhexatriene have not shown a measurable effect of membrane fluidity with the 1 mM concentration of phenformin that strongly inhibited complex I activity. Our data therefore suggest that biguanides could be considered as agents with high efficacy but low specifity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Drahota
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Benes J, Kazdova L, Malinska H, Pirk J, Spatenka J, Kautzner J, Melenovsky V. Myocardial triacylglycerole accumulation is related to BNP and myocardial redox state in heart failure. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Benes J, Kazdova L, Malinska H, Pirk J, Spatenka J, Kautzner J, Melenovsky V. Abstract 180: Myocardial Triacylglycerole Accumulation Is Related To BNP And Myocardial Redox State In Advanced Systolic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE:
Experimental studies suggest that accumulation of triacylglyceroles (TAG) in myocardium and ensuing lipotoxicity may contribute to the progression of heart failure (HF), but relevance to human HF remains uncertain. We strived to quantify myocardial TAG in HF patients and controls and to identify their determinants.
Methods:
49 myocardial samples from patients with terminal HF (52 yrs, 86% male, 45% CAD, 49% DCM, 6% other dg.) that underwent heart transplantation or LVAD implantation and 20 control samples from cadaverous organ donors without HF (42 years, 45% males) were analyzed. Myocardial TAG (determined chemically), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were determined.
Results:
Patients with HF had higher amount of myocardial TAG (8.07± 3.95 vs. 5.60±3.36 μmol/g wet tissue, p= 0.017) and lower levels of both GSH and GSSG (p< 0.05) with similar GSH/GSSG ratio. The amount of myocardial TAG was independent of age, gender, HF etiology, diabetes mellitus, BMI, mitral regurgitation grade and plasma lipids (total-, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, TAG) but it correlated with plasmatic BNP level (p=0.049, r=0.28). In controls, a positive correlation between myocardial TAG and the myocardial redox state (GSH/GSSG ratio) was found (r=0.53, p=0.015). On the contrary, this correlation was negative (r= -0.31, p=0.02) in HF patients.
Conclusion:
Myocardial TAG in HF and controls have opposite relationship to redox state, indicating disparate mechanisms involved. Failing hearts display higher TAG accumulation, that is independent of comorbidities, but proportional to circulating BNP, supporting the role of natriuretic peptides in abnormal lipid homeostasis in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaroslav Spatenka
- Charles Univ Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Univ Hosp Motol, Praha, Czech Republic
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Kahleova H, Mari A, Nofrate V, Matoulek M, Kazdova L, Hill M, Pelikanova T. Improvement in β-cell function after diet-induced weight loss is associated with decrease in pancreatic polypeptide in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:442-9. [PMID: 22673566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention program on β-cell function and to explore the role of gastrointestinal peptides in subjects with T2D. METHODS Subjects with T2D (n=74) received 24 weeks of intervention: 12 weeks of slimming diet (-500 kcal/day) and the subsequent 12 weeks of diet were combined with aerobic exercise. All subjects were examined at weeks 0, 12 and 24. β-cell function was assessed during standard meal tests. Insulin secretory rate (ISR) was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution, and β-cell function was quantified with a mathematical model. Plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal peptides were measured in a fasting state and during hyperinsulinemia induced by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp. RESULTS Mean weight loss was 5.03±4.38 kg (p<0.001) in weeks 0-12. Weight did not change significantly in weeks 12-24. Both insulin secretion at the reference level and glucose sensitivity increased in weeks 0-12 (by 33%±54% and by 26%±53%, respectively, p<0.001) and remained unchanged in weeks 12-24. Both fasting and hyperinsulinemic plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) decreased in weeks 0-12 (p<0.05 for both) and did not change significantly in weeks 12-24. Changes in insulin secretion at the reference level correlated negatively with plasma concentrations of PP during hyperinsulinemia (r=-0.36; p<0.001). Changes in glucose sensitivity correlated negatively with changes in plasma concentrations of PP, both in fasting and during hyperinsulinemia (r=-0.2; p=0.01 for both). The correlations remained significant after adjustment for changes in body-mass-index. CONCLUSIONS After diet-induced weight loss, β-cell function improved in T2D subjects and remained unchanged after the addition of exercise. We demonstrate for the first time that these changes are associated with a decrease in PP secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Papackova Z, Palenickova E, Dankova H, Zdychova J, Skop V, Kazdova L, Cahova M. Kupffer cells ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids: the evidence for the involvement of alternatively activated macrophages. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:22. [PMID: 22439764 PMCID: PMC3348013 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) in the liver can undergo both pro- or anti-inflammatory activation pathway and exert either beneficiary or detrimental effects on liver metabolism. Until now, their role in the metabolically dysfunctional state of steatosis remains enigmatic. Aim of our study was to characterize the role of KCs in relation to the onset of hepatic insulin resistance induced by a high-fat (HF) diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either standard (SD) or high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks. Half of the animals were subjected to the acute GdCl3 treatment 24 and 72 hrs prior to the end of the experiment in order to induce the reduction of KCs population. We determined the effect of HF diet on activation status of liver macrophages and on the changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity and triacylglycerol metabolism imposed by acute KCs depletion by GdCl3. RESULTS We found that a HF diet rich in MUFA itself triggers an alternative but not the classical activation program in KCs. In a steatotic, but not in normal liver, a reduction of the KCs population was associated with a decrease of alternative activation and with a shift towards the expression of pro-inflammatory activation markers, with the increased autophagy, elevated lysosomal lipolysis, increased formation of DAG, PKCε activation and marked exacerbation of HF diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS We propose that in the presence of a high MUFA content the population of alternatively activated resident liver macrophages may mediate beneficial effects on liver insulin sensitivity and alleviate the metabolic disturbances imposed by HF diet feeding and steatosis. Our data indicate that macrophage polarization towards an alternative state might be a useful strategy for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Papackova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Palenickova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dankova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdychova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skop
- Institute for Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 14021, Czech Republic
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Cahova M, Palenickova E, Papackova Z, Dankova H, Skop V, Kazdova L. Epinephrine-dependent control of glucose metabolism in white adipose tissue: the role of α- and β-adrenergic signalling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:211-8. [PMID: 22302710 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine controls many important and sometimes opposite processes. This pleiotropic effect is achieved via coupling to different receptor/effector systems. In epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) of Wistar rats, we showed that epinephrine stimulated protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation on Ser(473). Epinephrine further increased the glucose incorporation into glyceride-glycerol without decreasing glucose availability for other metabolic pathways (i.e. lactate production). Wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) treatment significantly decreased glucose incorporation into glyceride-glycerol and elevated the epinephrine-induced release of free fatty acids (FFA) from the adipose tissue without any change in the intensity of lipolysis measured as glycerol release. Using specific cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogs we demonstrated that cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signalling resulted in a strong PKB dephosphorylation and significantly lowered the glucose availability in EWAT. Specific activation of the Epac (exchange protein activated by cAMP)-dependent pathway had only a moderately negative effect on PKB phosphorylation and glucose metabolism. In contrast, α(1) agonist methoxamine increased PKB phosphorylation and lactate production. This effect of methoxamine was additive to the effect of insulin and it was abolished by wortmannin treatment. In EWAT of spontaneously dyslipidemic hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats, we demonstrated significantly lower epinephrine-induced glucose utilization but higher sensitivity to its lipolytic effect. We conclude that in EWAT, epinephrine controls two opposite processes (FFA release and FFA retention) via two different effector systems. The impairment of α(1)-dependent, epinephrine-stimulated, glycolysis-dependent FFA esterification may contribute to the establishment of dyslipidemia in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cahova
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Polak J, Kotrc M, Wedellova Z, Jabor A, Malek I, Kautzner J, Kazdova L, Melenovsky V. Lipolytic effects of B-type natriuretic peptide 1-32 in adipose tissue of heart failure patients compared with healthy controls. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:1119-25. [PMID: 21884948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to examine the role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in lipolysis regulation in heart failure (HF) patients. BACKGROUND Enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis can contribute to myocardial lipid overload, insulin resistance, and cachexia in advanced HF. Natriuretic peptides were recently recognized to stimulate lipolysis in healthy subjects. METHODS Ten nondiabetic HF patients (New York Heart Association functional class III, 50% nonischemic etiology) and 13 healthy subjects (control subjects) of similar age, sex, and body composition underwent a microdialysis study of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Four microdialysis probes were simultaneously perfused with 0.1 μM BNP(1-32,) 10 μM BNP(1-32), 10 μM norepinephrine (NE) or Ringer's solution. Outgoing dialysate glycerol concentration (DGC) was measured as an index of lipolysis. RESULTS Spontaneous lipolysis was higher in HF patients compared with control subjects (DGC: 189 ± 37 μmol/l vs. 152 ± 35 μmol/l, p < 0.01). Response to NE was similar (p = 0.35) in HF patients and control subjects (DGC increase of 1.7 ± 0.2-fold vs. 1.7 ± 0.4-fold). BNP(1-32) 10 μM markedly increased lipolysis in both HF patients and control subjects (DGC increase of 2.8 ± 0.5-fold vs. 3.2 ± 0.3-fold), whereas the response to 0.1 μM BNP(1-32) was more pronounced in HF patients (p = 0.02). In HF patients, spontaneous lipolysis positively correlated with insulin resistance and the response to BNP(1-32) negatively correlated with adiposity. CONCLUSIONS BNP(1-32) exerts strong lipolytic effects in humans. Despite marked elevation of plasma immunoreactive BNP, the responsiveness of adipose tissue to BNP(1-32) is not attenuated in HF, possibly reflecting a deficiency of endogenous bioactive BNP. Lipolytic effects of BNP can contribute to excessive fatty acid mobilization in advanced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Polak
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klevstig MJ, Markova I, Burianova J, Kazdova L, Pravenec M, Novakova O, Novak F. Role of FAT/CD36 in novel PKC isoform activation in heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 357:163-9. [PMID: 21625957 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption to the sensitive balance of long-chain fatty acids and glucose in the heart could cause cardiovascular diseases. Searching for a possible role of novel protein kinase C (nPKC) in heart with disrupted energy balance, we compared the insulin-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which carry a nonfunctional variant of the fatty acid transporter FAT/CD36, with the less insulin-resistant congenic strain SHR-4 that is genetically identical except for a segment on chromosome 4 including a wild-type gene for a functional FAT/CD36. We analyzed expression of the nPKC-δ and -ε isoforms plus triacylglycerols (TAG) content in the myocardium of both FAT/CD36 strains and after a high sucrose diet (HSD). Two weeks before killing, males of both strains were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a standard laboratory chow or an HSD. PKC was determined by Western blotting in particulate and cytosolic fractions from left ventricles. The SHR-4 rats exhibited lower serum levels of insulin and free fatty acids than did SHR rats and higher amounts of PKC-ε in the heart particulate fraction. HSD caused accumulation of heart TAG in SHR but not in SHR-4. HSD increased PKC-δ and decreased PKC-ε expression in particulate fraction from left ventricles of SHR-4 while having no effects in SHR. These results demonstrate that reduced insulin resistance in SHR-4 rats with wild-type FAT/CD36 is associated with the insulin signaling pathway involving nPKCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina J Klevstig
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
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Kahleova H, Matoulek M, Malinska H, Oliyarnik O, Kazdova L, Neskudla T, Skoch A, Hajek M, Hill M, Kahle M, Pelikanova T. Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2011; 28:549-59. [PMID: 21480966 PMCID: PMC3427880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the effects of calorie-restricted vegetarian and conventional diabetic diets alone and in combination with exercise on insulin resistance, visceral fat and oxidative stress markers in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS A 24-week, randomized, open, parallel design was used. Seventy-four patients with Type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 37), which received a vegetarian diet, or the control group (n = 37), which received a conventional diabetic diet. Both diets were isocaloric, calorie restricted (-500 kcal/day). All meals during the study were provided. The second 12 weeks of the diet were combined with aerobic exercise. Participants were examined at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Primary outcomes were: insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinaemic isoglycaemic clamp; volume of visceral and subcutaneous fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging; and oxidative stress measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Analyses were by intention to treat. RESULTS Forty-three per cent of participants in the experimental group and 5% of participants in the control group reduced diabetes medication (P < 0.001). Body weight decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group [-6.2 kg (95% CI -6.6 to -5.3) vs. -3.2 kg (95% CI -3.7 to -2.5); interaction group × time P = 0.001]. An increase in insulin sensitivity was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group [30% (95% CI 24.5-39) vs. 20% (95% CI 14-25), P = 0.04]. A reduction in both visceral and subcutaneous fat was greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.02, respectively). Plasma adiponectin increased (P = 0.02) and leptin decreased (P = 0.02) in the experimental group, with no change in the control group. Vitamin C, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione increased in the experimental group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Differences between groups were greater after the addition of exercise training. Changes in insulin sensitivity and enzymatic oxidative stress markers correlated with changes in visceral fat. CONCLUSIONS A calorie-restricted vegetarian diet had greater capacity to improve insulin sensitivity compared with a conventional diabetic diet over 24 weeks. The greater loss of visceral fat and improvements in plasma concentrations of adipokines and oxidative stress markers with this diet may be responsible for the reduction of insulin resistance. The addition of exercise training further augmented the improved outcomes with the vegetarian diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Melenovsky V, Benes J, Skaroupkova P, Sedmera D, Strnad H, Kolar M, Vlcek C, Petrak J, Benes J, Papousek F, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdova L, Cervenka L. Metabolic characterization of volume overload heart failure due to aorto-caval fistula in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:83-96. [PMID: 21465236 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic interactions between adipose tissue and the heart may play an active role in progression of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to examine changes in myocardial and adipose tissue metabolism and gene expression in a rat HF model induced by chronic volume overload. HF was induced by volume overload from aorto-caval fistula (ACF) in 3-month-old male Wistar rats and animals were studied in the phase of decompensated HF (22nd week). HF rats showed marked eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, increased LV end-diastolic pressure, and intraabdominal fat depletion. HF rats had preserved glucose tolerance, but increased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and attenuated insulin response during oral glucose challenge. Isolated organ studies showed preserved responsiveness of adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis to epinephrine and insulin in ACF. The heart of HF animals had markedly reduced triglyceride content (almost to half of controls), attenuated anti-oxidative reserve (GSH/GSSG), upregulated HF markers (ANP, periostin, thrombospondin-4), specific signaling pathways (Wnt, TGF-β), and downregulated enzymes of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, citric acid cycle, and respiratory chain. Adipose tissue transcription profiling showed upregulated receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide. In conclusion, ACF-induced HF model displays several deregulations of systemic metabolism. Despite elevation of systemic FFAs, myocardial triglycerides are low and insulin levels are attenuated, arguing against a role of lipotoxicity or insulin resistance in this model. Attenuated postprandial insulin response and relative lack of its antilipolytic effects may facilitate intraabdominal fat depletion observed in ACF-HF animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, 140 21, Czech Republic.
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Cahova M, Drahota Z, Dankova H, Oliyarnyk O, Palenickova E, Papackova Z, Markova I, Kazdova L. P271 ACTIVATION OF LYSOSOMES BY INTRACELLULAR TRIACYLGLYCEROL ACCUMULATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Melenovsky V, Al-Hiti H, Kazdova L, Jabor A, Syrovatka P, Malek I, Kettner J, Kautzner J. Transpulmonary B-type natriuretic peptide uptake and cyclic guanosine monophosphate release in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: the effects of sildenafil. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:595-600. [PMID: 19660688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify factors that discriminate heart failure (HF) patients with normal and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and to elucidate the role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent vasodilation. BACKGROUND Mechanisms of PVR increase in patients with chronic HF are incompletely understood. METHODS Twenty-two HF patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance (H-PVR) (>200 dyn.s.cm(-5)) were compared with 24 matched low pulmonary vascular resistance (L-PVR) patients of similar age, sex, body size, HF severity, and volume status who were undergoing invasive hemodynamic study. Pulmonary arterial (PA) and venous blood samples from a wedged PA catheter were used to calculate transpulmonary B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) uptake and cGMP release. The H-PVR patients were re-examined 1 h after a 40-mg oral dose of sildenafil. RESULTS Although transpulmonary BNP uptake was similar (p = 0.2), cGMP release was diminished in the H-PVR patients (-1.9 vs. 27.8 nmol.min(-1); p = 0.005). Transpulmonary BNP uptake and cGMP release correlated in the L-PVR patients (R = 0.6, p = 0.004) but not in the H-PVR. The H-PVR patients also had lower PA compliance, systemic arterial compliance (by 47% and 20%, p < 0.001 and p < 0.03), and cardiac index. Sildenafil reduced PVR (-47%), systemic resistance (-24%) and heart rate (-8%), increased cardiac index (+24%), and PA compliance (+87%, all p < 0.001), with a parallel increase of cGMP release (from -5.6 to 16.5 nmol.min(-1), p = 0.047), without affecting BNP uptake or norepinephrine(PA). The PVR response was not dependent on PA wedge pressure or pulmonary hypertension reversibility with prostaglandin E(1). CONCLUSIONS The H-PVR patients have stiffening of both pulmonary and systemic arteries, preserved transpulmonary BNP uptake, but diminished cGMP release, which is reversible by the administration of sildenafil. This study provides in vivo evidence that phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition restores sensitivity of pulmonary vasculature to endogenous cGMP-dependent vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic.
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44
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Kuda O, Jelenik T, Jilkova Z, Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, Hensler M, Kazdova L, Ogston N, Baranowski M, Gorski J, Janovska P, Kus V, Polak J, Mohamed-Ali V, Burcelin R, Cinti S, Bryhn M, Kopecky J. n-3 fatty acids and rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity through additive stimulatory effects on muscle glycogen synthesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Diabetologia 2009; 52:941-51. [PMID: 19277604 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fatty acids of marine origin, i.e. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) act as hypolipidaemics, but they do not improve glycaemic control in obese and diabetic patients. Thiazolidinediones like rosiglitazone are specific activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, which improve whole-body insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that a combined treatment with a DHA and EPA concentrate (DHA/EPA) and rosiglitazone would correct, by complementary additive mechanisms, impairments of lipid and glucose homeostasis in obesity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a corn oil-based high-fat diet. The effects of DHA/EPA (replacing 15% dietary lipids), rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg diet) or a combination of both on body weight, adiposity, metabolic markers and adiponectin in plasma, as well as on liver and muscle gene expression and metabolism were analysed. Euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps were used to characterise the changes in insulin sensitivity. The effects of the treatments were also analysed in dietary obese mice with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESULTS DHA/EPA and rosiglitazone exerted additive effects in prevention of obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, while inducing adiponectin, suppressing hepatic lipogenesis and decreasing muscle ceramide concentration. The improvement in glucose tolerance reflected a synergistic stimulatory effect of the combined treatment on muscle glycogen synthesis and its sensitivity to insulin. The combination treatment also reversed dietary obesity, dyslipidaemia and IGT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION DHA/EPA and rosiglitazone can be used as complementary therapies to counteract dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. The combination treatment may reduce dose requirements and hence the incidence of adverse side effects of thiazolidinedione therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Seda O, Sedova L, Liska F, Kazdova L, Tremblay J, Krenova D, Hamet P, Kren V. Effect of Cd36 deficiency on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is contextually determined by genomic background and reflected in transcriptomic profile. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Pravenec M, Churchill PC, Churchill MC, Viklicky O, Kazdova L, Aitman TJ, Petretto E, Hubner N, Wallace CA, Zimdahl H, Zidek V, Landa V, Dunbar J, Bidani A, Griffin K, Qi N, Maxova M, Kren V, Mlejnek P, Wang J, Kurtz TW. Identification of renal Cd36 as a determinant of blood pressure and risk for hypertension. Nat Genet 2008; 40:952-4. [PMID: 18587397 DOI: 10.1038/ng.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify renally expressed genes that influence risk for hypertension, we integrated expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the kidney with genome-wide correlation analysis of renal expression profiles and blood pressure in recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). This strategy, together with renal transplantation studies in SHR progenitor, transgenic and congenic strains, identified deficient renal expression of Cd36 encoding fatty acid translocase as a genetically determined risk factor for spontaneous hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Applied Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zidek V, Mlejnek P, Simakova M, Kazdova L, Zidkova J, Pravenec M. IDENTIFICATION OF MUTATED SREBF1 AS A QTL INFLUENCING RISK FOR HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Klevstigova M, Markova I, Novakova O, Kazdova L, Novak F. Effect of FAT/CD36 on myocardial PKC delta expression and triacylglycerol accumulation in SHR rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Pravenec M, Kazdova L, Landa V, Zidek V, Mlejnek P, Simakova M, Jansa P, Forejt J, Kren V, Krenova D, Qi N, Wang JM, Chan D, Aitman TJ, Kurtz TW. Identification of mutated Srebf1 as a QTL influencing risk for hepatic steatosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 2007; 51:148-53. [PMID: 18071061 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with hypertension have hepatic steatosis, and it has recently been proposed that fatty liver be considered a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity, diet, and level of physical activity are likely factors modulating risk for hepatic steatosis, however genetic factors could also influence susceptibility or resistance to fatty liver in hypertensive or normotensive subjects. In genetic studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Brown Norway (BN) rats, we discovered that a variant form of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1 gene, SREBP-1 protein) underlies a quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing hepatic cholesterol levels in response to a high cholesterol diet. Compared with the BN allele of Srebf1, the SHR allele of Srebf1 includes variants in the promoter and coding regions that are linked to hepatic deficiency of SREBP-1 mRNA and protein, reduced expression of the SREBP-1 target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, reduced promoter activity for SREBP-1c, and relative protection from dietary induced accumulation of liver cholesterol. Genetic correction of reduced SREBP-1 activity by derivation of congenic and transgenic strains of SHR increased hepatic cholesterol levels, thereby confirming Srebf1 as a QTL influencing hepatic lipid metabolism in the rat. The Srebf1 variant regulating hepatic cholesterol did not appear to affect blood pressure. These findings (1) are consistent with the results of association studies indicating that common polymorphisms affecting SREBP-1 may influence cholesterol synthesis in humans and (2) indicate that variation in Srebf1 may influence risk for hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Applied Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pravenec M, Hyakukoku M, Houstek J, Zidek V, Landa V, Mlejnek P, Miksik I, Dudová-Mothejzikova K, Pecina P, Vrbacký M, Drahota Z, Vojtiskova A, Mracek T, Kazdova L, Oliyarnyk O, Wang J, Ho C, Qi N, Sugimoto K, Kurtz T. Direct linkage of mitochondrial genome variation to risk factors for type 2 diabetes in conplastic strains. Genome Res 2007; 17:1319-26. [PMID: 17693571 PMCID: PMC1950900 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6548207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the relationship of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants to metabolic risk factors for diabetes and other common diseases has begun to attract increasing attention. However, progress in this area has been limited because (1) the phenotypic effects of variation in the mitochondrial genome are difficult to isolate owing to confounding variation in the nuclear genome, imprinting phenomena, and environmental factors; and (2) few animal models have been available for directly investigating the effects of mtDNA variants on complex metabolic phenotypes in vivo. Substitution of different mitochondrial genomes on the same nuclear genetic background in conplastic strains provides a way to unambiguously isolate effects of the mitochondrial genome on complex traits. Here we show that conplastic strains of rats with identical nuclear genomes but divergent mitochondrial genomes that encode amino acid differences in proteins of oxidative phosphorylation exhibit differences in major metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. These results (1) provide the first direct evidence linking naturally occurring variation in the mitochondrial genome, independent of variation in the nuclear genome and other confounding factors, to inherited variation in known risk factors for type 2 diabetes; and (2) establish that spontaneous variation in the mitochondrial genome per se can promote systemic metabolic disturbances relevant to the pathogenesis of common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Masaya Hyakukoku
- Second Department of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Josef Houstek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Zidek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Landa
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Miksik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Pecina
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacký
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Vojtiskova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 140 21, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 140 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Christopher Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Theodore Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
- Corresponding author.E-mail ; fax (801) 912-3103
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