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Standage-Beier CS, Garcia LA, De Filippis E, Shaibi GQ, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Hispanics: A Life Course Approach. Nutrients 2023; 15:2118. [PMID: 37432296 PMCID: PMC10180542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is vital for maintaining calcium and phosphate balance and regulating bone metabolism. Recent research has suggested that VDR also plays an essential role in metabolic diseases. Previous studies on non-Hispanic whites have shown that VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with cardiometabolic phenotypes. However, the association between VDR SNPs and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanics remains unclear. This study investigated the association between VDR SNPs and cardiometabolic phenotypic data in self-reported Hispanics (n = 1610) from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry and Sangre Por Salud Biobank. The study population was predominantly female (66.4%) with a mean age of 40 ± 14 years (n = 121 <18 years) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.8 ± 6.3 kg/m2. We performed a genotyping association analysis of VDR SNPs (Taq1-rs731236, Fok1-rs2228570 and Apa1-rs7975232) with cardiometabolic traits using linear regression models. The results showed that Taq1 and Apa1 were strongly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in children (<18 years), while Fok1 was associated with measures of adiposity, including fat mass, waist circumference, and BMI. In age-stratified adult (≥18 years) models, Taq1 was strongly associated with hemoglobin A1c, while Apa1 was associated with BMI and fasting glucose. Fok1 had no significant associations in the adult models. In conclusion, the VDR SNPs were associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in this Hispanic sample, but the type and strength of the associations varied by age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Garcia LA, Zapata-Bustos R, Day SE, Campos B, Hamzaoui Y, Wu L, Leon AD, Krentzel J, Coletta RL, De Filippis E, Roust LR, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Can Exercise Training Alter Human Skeletal Muscle DNA Methylation? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030222. [PMID: 35323665 PMCID: PMC8953782 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly plastic and dynamically regulated by the body’s physical demands. This study aimed to determine the plasticity of skeletal muscle DNA methylation in response to 8 weeks of supervised exercise training in volunteers with a range of insulin sensitivities. We studied 13 sedentary participants and performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps with basal vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and peak aerobic activity (VO2 peak) tests before and after training. We extracted DNA from the muscle biopsies and performed global methylation using Illumina’s Methylation EPIC 850K BeadChip. Training significantly increased peak aerobic capacity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Fasting serum insulin and insulin levels during the steady state of the clamp were significantly lower post-training. Insulin clearance rates during the clamp increased following the training. We identified 13 increased and 90 decreased differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in response to 8 weeks of training. Of the 13 increased DMCs, 2 were within the following genes, FSTL3, and RP11-624M8.1. Of the 90 decreased DMCs, 9 were within the genes CNGA1, FCGR2A, KIF21A, MEIS1, NT5DC1, OR4D1, PRPF4B, SLC26A7, and ZNF280C. Moreover, pathway analysis showed an enrichment in metabolic and actin-cytoskeleton pathways for the decreased DMCs, and for the increased DMCs, an enrichment in signal-dependent regulation of myogenesis, NOTCH2 activation and transmission, and SMAD2/3: SMAD4 transcriptional activity pathways. Our findings showed that 8 weeks of exercise training alters skeletal muscle DNA methylation of specific genes and pathways in people with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Rocio Zapata-Bustos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Samantha E. Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Baltazar Campos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Yassin Hamzaoui
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Linda Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Alma D. Leon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Judith Krentzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Richard L. Coletta
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (E.D.F.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Lori R. Roust
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (E.D.F.); (L.R.R.)
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (R.Z.-B.); (B.C.); (A.D.L.); (J.K.); (L.J.M.)
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (Y.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(520)-626-9316
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Roe JD, Garcia LA, Klimentidis YC, Coletta DK. Association of PNPLA3 I148M with Liver Disease Biomarkers in Latinos. Hum Hered 2021; 86:21-27. [PMID: 34749354 DOI: 10.1159/000520734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. The majority of liver diseases are due to complications of cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) may indicate liver disease. Moreover, there are additional noninvasive liver fibrosis indices that help to estimate liver damage, including AST-to-ALT ratio, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score. The aims of the present study were to (1) perform an association analysis of the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) variant with ALT, AST, and various liver fibrosis indices, and (2) determine whether there are gender-related differences in these associations. METHODS We obtained demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic phenotypes from Latino adult participants (n = 503, 64% female, 36.4 ± 0.5 years) from the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry. SNP genotyping of I148M was performed using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. We used linear regression for the association analyses of the genotypes with ALT, AST, and the various liver fibrosis indices. We included genotype, age, body mass index, and alcohol status in the linear regression model. RESULTS The variant I148M was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with genotype distribution: non-risk CC 118, heterozygous CG 246, and risk GG 139. The G allele was significantly associated with increased ALT and AST levels (p = 7.8 × 10-7 and p = 9.7 × 10-6, respectively). Moreover, we showed that the G allele was significantly associated with higher APRI (p = 3.7 × 10-7) and FIB-4 score (p = 4.1 × 10-3). When we analyzed the data by gender, we observed similar significant trends for ALT, AST, and APRI (all, p < 0.01). In females, the G allele was significantly associated with increased FIB-4 score (p = 6.9 × 10-3), which was not observed in the males (p > 0.05). There was no association of the I148M variant with AST/ALT ratio nor NAFLD risk score, whether analyzed in all adults or by gender. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our findings provide additional evidence of an association of PNPLA3 I148M with several liver disease biomarkers in male and female Latinos residing in the Southwest of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Roe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Luis A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Urashima K, Miramontes A, Garcia LA, Coletta DK. Potential evidence for epigenetic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in human whole blood in Latinos. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259449. [PMID: 34714849 PMCID: PMC8555810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent worldwide. In the United States, estimates show that more than 30% of the adult population has MetS. MetS consists of multiple phenotypes, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms to explain this complex disease is critical for diagnosing and treating MetS. We previously showed 70 increased genes and 20 decreased genes in whole blood in MetS participants. The present study aimed to identify blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers in non-MetS versus MetS participants. The present study analyzed whole blood DNA samples from 184 adult participants of Latino descent from the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP: ATP III) criteria to identify non-MetS (n = 110) and MetS (n = 74) participants. We performed whole blood methylation analysis on select genes: ATP Synthase, H+ Transporting mitochondrial F1 Complex, Epsilon Subunit (ATP5E), Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit VIc (COX6C), and Ribosomal Protein L9 (RPL9). The pyrosequencing analysis was a targeted approach focusing on the promoter region of each gene that specifically captured CpG methylation sites. In MetS participants, we showed decreased methylation in two CpG sites in COX6C and three CpG sites in RPL9, all p < 0.05 using the Mann-Whitney U test. There were no ATP5E CpG sites differently methylated in the MetS participants. Furthermore, while adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status, logistic regression analysis reaffirmed the associations between MetS and mean methylation within COX6C and RPL9 (both p < 0.05). In addition, Spearman's correlation revealed a significant inverse relationship between the previously published gene expression data and methylation data for RPL9 (p < 0.05). In summary, these results highlight potential blood DNA methylation biomarkers for the MetS phenotype. However, future validation studies are warranted to strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keane Urashima
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Miramontes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Coletta DK, Hlusko LJ, Scott GR, Garcia LA, Vachon CM, Norman AD, Funk JL, Shaibi GQ, Hernandez V, De Filippis E, Mandarino LJ. Association of EDARV370A with breast density and metabolic syndrome in Latinos. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258212. [PMID: 34618839 PMCID: PMC8496850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF) superfamily member. A substitution in an exon of EDAR at position 370 (EDARV370A) creates a gain of function mutant present at high frequencies in Asian and Indigenous American populations but absent in others. Its frequency is intermediate in populations of Mexican ancestry. EDAR regulates the development of ectodermal tissues, including mammary ducts. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are prevalent in people with Indigenous and Latino ancestry. Latino patients also have altered prevalence and presentation of breast cancer. It is unknown whether EDARV370A might connect these phenomena. The goals of this study were to determine 1) whether EDARV370A is associated with metabolic phenotypes and 2) if there is altered breast anatomy in women carrying EDARV370A. Participants were from two Latino cohorts, the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and Sangre por Salud (SPS) biobank. The frequency of EDARV370A was 47% in the Latino cohorts. In the AIR registry, carriers of EDARV370A (GG homozygous) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma triglycerides, VLDL, ALT, 2-hour post-challenge glucose, and a higher prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. In a subset of the AIR registry, serum levels of ectodysplasin A2 (EDA-A2) also were associated with HbA1c and prediabetes (p < 0.05). For the SPS biobank, participants that were carriers of EDARV370A had lower breast density and higher HbA1c (both p < 0.05). The significant associations with measures of glycemia remained when the cohorts were combined. We conclude that EDARV370A is associated with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and breast density in Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leslea J. Hlusko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - G. Richard Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Norman
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Garcia LA, Day SE, Coletta RL, Campos B, Benjamin TR, De Filippis E, Madura JA, Mandarino LJ, Roust LR, Coletta DK. Weight loss after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery reveals skeletal muscle DNA methylation changes. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:100. [PMID: 33933146 PMCID: PMC8088644 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of weight loss and metabolic improvements following bariatric surgery in skeletal muscle are not well known; however, epigenetic modifications are likely to contribute. The aim of our study was to investigate skeletal muscle DNA methylation after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Muscle biopsies were obtained basally from seven insulin-resistant obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) female subjects (45.1 ± 3.6 years) pre- and 3-month post-surgery with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps to assess insulin sensitivity. Four lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) females (38.5 ± 5.8 years) served as controls. We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing next generation methylation on DNA isolated from the vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. RESULTS Global methylation was significantly higher in the pre- (32.97 ± 0.02%) and post-surgery (33.31 ± 0.02%) compared to the lean (30.46 ± 0.02%), P < 0.05. MethylSig analysis identified 117 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) that were significantly altered in the post- versus pre-surgery (Benjamini-Hochberg q < 0.05). In addition, 2978 DMCs were significantly altered in the pre-surgery obese versus the lean controls (Benjamini-Hochberg q < 0.05). For the post-surgery obese versus the lean controls, 2885 DMCs were altered (Benjamini-Hochberg q < 0.05). Seven post-surgery obese DMCs were normalized to levels similar to those observed in lean controls. Of these, 5 were within intergenic regions (chr11.68,968,018, chr16.73,100,688, chr5.174,115,531, chr5.1,831,958 and chr9.98,547,011) and the remaining two DMCs chr17.45,330,989 and chr14.105,353,824 were within in the integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) promoter and KIAA0284 exon, respectively. ITGB3 methylation was significantly decreased in the post-surgery (0.5 ± 0.5%) and lean controls (0 ± 0%) versus pre-surgery (13.6 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05). This decreased methylation post-surgery was associated with an increase in ITGB3 gene expression (fold change + 1.52, P = 0.0087). In addition, we showed that ITGB3 promoter methylation in vitro significantly suppressed transcriptional activity (P < 0.05). Transcription factor binding analysis for ITGB3 chr17.45,330,989 identified three putative transcription factor binding motifs; PAX-5, p53 and AP-2alphaA. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that weight loss after RYGB alters the epigenome through DNA methylation. In particular, this study highlights ITGB3 as a novel gene that may contribute to the metabolic improvements observed post-surgery. Future additional studies are warranted to address the exact mechanism of ITGB3 in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245035, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5035, USA
| | - Samantha E Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Richard L Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245035, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5035, USA
| | - Baltazar Campos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245035, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5035, USA
| | - Tonya R Benjamin
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245035, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5035, USA
| | - Lori R Roust
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO Box 245035, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5035, USA. .,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Day SE, Garcia LA, Coletta RL, Campbell LE, Benjamin TR, De Filippis EA, Madura JA, Mandarino LJ, Roust LR, Coletta DK. Alterations of sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (SORBS3) in human skeletal muscle following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:96. [PMID: 28883895 PMCID: PMC5581422 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a disease that is caused by genetic and environmental factors. However, epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are less well known. DNA methylation provides a mechanism whereby environmental factors can influence gene transcription. The aim of our study was to investigate skeletal muscle DNA methylation of sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (SORBS3) with weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Results Previously, we had shown increased methylation (5.0 to 24.4%) and decreased gene expression (fold change − 1.9) of SORBS3 with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) compared to lean controls. In the present study, basal muscle biopsies were obtained from seven morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) female subjects pre- and 3 months post-RYGB surgery, in combination with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps to assess insulin sensitivity. We identified 30 significantly altered promoter and untranslated region methylation sites in SORBS3 using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Twenty-nine of these sites were decreased (− 5.6 to − 24.2%) post-RYGB compared to pre-RYGB. We confirmed the methylation in 2 (Chr.8:22,423,690 and Chr.8:22,423,702) of the 29 decreased SORBS3 sites using pyrosequencing. This decreased methylation was associated with an increase in SORBS3 gene expression (fold change + 1.7) post-surgery. In addition, we demonstrated that SORBS3 promoter methylation in vitro significantly alters reporter gene expression (P < 0.0001). Two of the SORBS3 methylation sites (Chr.8:22,423,111 and Chr.8:22,423,205) were strongly correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels (r = 0.9, P = 0.00009 and r = 0.8, P = 0.0010). Changes in SORBS3 gene expression post-surgery were correlated with obesity measures and fasting insulin levels (r = 0.5 to 0.8; P < 0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that SORBS3 methylation and gene expression are altered in obesity and restored to normal levels through weight loss induced by RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Day
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Luis A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245035, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724-5035 USA
| | - Richard L Coletta
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245035, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724-5035 USA
| | | | - Tonya R Benjamin
- Endocrinology Department, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | | | - James A Madura
- Endocrinology Department, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245035, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724-5035 USA
| | - Lori R Roust
- Endocrinology Department, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245035, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724-5035 USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
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Day SE, Coletta RL, Kim JY, Garcia LA, Campbell LE, Benjamin TR, Roust LR, De Filippis EA, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Potential epigenetic biomarkers of obesity-related insulin resistance in human whole-blood. Epigenetics 2017; 12:254-263. [PMID: 28106509 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1281501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can increase the risk of complex metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance. Moreover, obesity can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are not well defined. Therefore, the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers of obesity allows for a more complete understanding of the disease and its underlying insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to identify DNA methylation changes in whole-blood that were strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Whole-blood was obtained from lean (n = 10; BMI = 23.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 10; BMI = 34.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2) participants in combination with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps to assess insulin sensitivity. We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing on genomic DNA isolated from the blood. We identified 49 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs; q < 0.05) that were altered in obese compared with lean participants. We identified 2 sites (Chr.21:46,957,981 and Chr.21:46,957,915) in the 5' untranslated region of solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) with decreased methylation in obese participants (lean 0.73 ± 0.11 vs. obese 0.09 ± 0.05; lean 0.68 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.09 ± 0.05, respectively). These 2 DMCs identified by obesity were also significantly predicted by insulin sensitivity (r = 0.68, P = 0.003; r = 0.66; P = 0.004). In addition, we performed a differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis and demonstrated a decrease in methylation of Chr.21:46,957,915-46,958,001 in SLC19A1 of -34.9% (70.4% lean vs. 35.5% obese). The decrease in whole-blood SLC19A1 methylation in our obese participants was similar to the change observed in skeletal muscle (Chr.21:46,957,981, lean 0.70 ± 0.09 vs. obese 0.31 ± 0.11 and Chr.21:46,957,915, lean 0.72 ± 0.11 vs. obese 0.31 ± 0.13). Pyrosequencing analysis further demonstrated a decrease in methylation at Chr.21:46,957,915 in both whole-blood (lean 0.71 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.18 ± 0.06) and skeletal muscle (lean 0.71 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.30 ± 0.11). Our findings demonstrate a new potential epigenetic biomarker, SLC19A1, for obesity and its underlying insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Day
- a School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Richard L Coletta
- b School for the Science of Health Care Delivery , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Joon Young Kim
- c Division of Weight Management and Wellness , Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Luis A Garcia
- b School for the Science of Health Care Delivery , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Latoya E Campbell
- a School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Tonya R Benjamin
- d Endocrinology Department , Mayo Clinic in Arizona , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
| | - Lori R Roust
- d Endocrinology Department , Mayo Clinic in Arizona , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
| | | | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- e Department of Medicine , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- e Department of Medicine , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson , AZ , USA.,f Department of Basic Medical Sciences , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Phoenix , AZ , USA
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Rodrigo JP, Garcia LA, Lazo PS, Ramos S, Suarez C. Poster 16: PCR Analysis of INT-2 Oncogene Amplification in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(96)80640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Avascular necrosis of the pisiform bone is a very rare condition. This paper reports a case and discusses this pathology and its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Hand and Upper Extremity Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Ignacio University Hospital and Roosevelt Institute for Paediatric Orthopaedics, Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia.
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Gulati A, Botnaru I, Garcia LA. Critical limb ischemia and its treatments: a review. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56:775-785. [PMID: 25868972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) encompasses the most extreme end of the peripheral artery disease (PAD) spectrum leading to significant morbidity and mortality. CLI is defined as greater than 2 weeks of extremity rest pain, ulcers or extremity gangrene, secondary to objectively proven peripheral artery disease. Corresponding to Fontaine Stages III/IV and Rutherford category IV through VI, CLI is a complex disease comprising of both macrovascular and microvascular systems with inconsistent historical data on optimal treatment. CLI is distinct from intermittent claudication with different goals of treatment, however in both groups risk factor modification is of the utmost importance involving tobacco cessation, and treatment of underlying conditions like diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In CLI, medical therapy involves wound care and also consists of antiplatelet therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy including statin use or ACE inhibitors. Surgical therapies include distal bypass surgery, thromboendartectomy and amputation. Endovascular techniques include percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, bare metal stents, atherectomy, drug-coated balloon and drug-eluting stents. CLI is considered the end-stage of PAD, requiring a thoughtful and multidisciplinary approach, risk-benefit analysis and treatment of comorbid conditions. Conservative and surgical treatments, along with endovascular techniques, have allowed excellent opportunities for treating complicated patients for wound healing and limb salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gulati
- Division of Interventional Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA -
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Al Shammeri O, Garcia LA. Thrombolysis in the age of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Mini-Review and Meta-analysis of Early PCI. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2013; 7:91-100. [PMID: 23559909 DOI: 10.12816/0006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) if performed within 90 minutes from first medical contact. However, primary PCI is only available for less than 25% of patients with STEMI. Early PCI or Pharmaco-invasive strategy has evolved from facilitated PCI but with more delayed timing from thrombolysis to PCI. AIM Assess the safety and effectiveness of Early PCI. PATIENTS AND METHOD We reviewed the data of the available therapy options for patients with STEMI. Then we performed a meta-analysis for all randomized controlled trials of early PCI versus standard therapy. RESULTS Five studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed improved cardiovascular events with early PCI compared to standard therapy (odd ratio of 0.54; 95% Confidence interval 0.47-0.7, p<0.001). There were no significant bleeding complications when doing early PCI 4 to 24 hours after successful thrombolysis. CONCLUSION Early PCI should be done to all STEMI patients within 24 hours after successful thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Al Shammeri
- Qassim University, Affiliated with Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Parrondo J, Garcia LA, Diaz M. Production of an Alcoholic Beverage by Fermentation of Whey Permeate withKluyveromyces fragilisI: Primary Metabolism. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2000.tb00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Herrero M, Garcia LA, Diaz M. Organic Acids in Cider with Simultaneous Inoculation of Yeast and Malolactic Bacteria: Effect of Fermentation Temperature. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1999.tb00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Inabnet WB, O'Rourke R, Wahed AS, Bessler M, Courcoulas AP, Dellinger E, Garcia LA, Miles C, Mitchell J, Oelschlager BK, Pender JR, Pomp A, Ramanathan R, Wolfe B, Belle SH. PL-109: A comparison of 30 day outcomes after primary and revisional bariatric surgical procedures from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery (LABS) study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boulday G, Blécon A, Petit N, Chareyre F, Garcia LA, Niwa-Kawakita M, Giovannini M, Tournier-Lasserve E. Tissue-specific conditional CCM2 knockout mice establish the essential role of endothelial CCM2 in angiogenesis: implications for human cerebral cavernous malformations. Dis Model Mech 2009; 2:168-77. [PMID: 19259391 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular malformations of the brain that lead to cerebral hemorrhages. In 20% of CCM patients, this results from an autosomal dominant condition caused by loss-of-function mutations in one of the three CCM genes. High expression levels of the CCM genes in the neuroepithelium indicate that CCM lesions might be caused by a loss of function of these genes in neural cells rather than in vascular cells. However, their in vivo function, particularly during cerebral angiogenesis, is totally unknown. We developed mice with constitutive and tissue-specific CCM2 deletions to investigate CCM2 function in vivo. Constitutive deletion of CCM2 leads to early embryonic death. Deletion of CCM2 from neuroglial precursor cells does not lead to cerebrovascular defects, whereas CCM2 is required in endothelial cells for proper vascular development. Deletion of CCM2 from endothelial cells severely affects angiogenesis, leading to morphogenic defects in the major arterial and venous blood vessels and in the heart, and results in embryonic lethality at mid-gestation. These findings establish the essential role of endothelial CCM2 for proper vascular development and strongly suggest that the endothelial cell is the primary target in the cascade of events leading from CCM2 mutations to CCM cerebrovascular lesions.
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Nguyen MC, Garcia LA. Recent advances in atherectomy and devices for treatment of infra-inguinal arterial occlusive disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2008; 49:167-177. [PMID: 18431336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) continues to rise in an ever ageing society and consumes a significant part of health resources. Percutaneous revascularization has revolutionized the treatment of lower extremity peripheral vascular disease over the past 10 years. Additionally, novel devices have allowed improved endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal as well as infrapopliteal disease. Although percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) can be an effective modality for focal lesions in the iliac arteries, the results for complex infra-inguinal arterial disease have been disappointing. One class of new technology has concentrated on debulking the plaque, while others focus to improve safety (distal embolic protection devices) or are directed to specific clinical challenges such as chronic total occlusions. However, the lack of uniform performance criteria and reporting standards for these and other devices has resulted in heterogeneous study end points, making comparative efficacy difficult. Here we review the current data for atherectomy and atheroablative technologies as well as other adjunctive devices in the treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Sanchez A, Herrero M, Garcia LA, Diaz M. Isolation and efficiency of lactic acid bacteria of interest in cider production. J Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Longo MA, Novella IS, Garcia LA, Diaz M. Comparison of Bacillus subtilis and Serratia marcescens as protease producers under different operating conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 88:35-40. [PMID: 16232570 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/1998] [Accepted: 05/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Serratia marcescens, have been selected in order to assess their ability to produce proteases. First, their performances have been studied using three media providing different levels of the main nutrients (complex, semi-defined and defined). The optimal absolute production was obtained in the complex media, while maximum protease activity per cell weight appeared in defined medium for Bacillus and in semi-defined and complex media for Serratia. Then, the effects of applying different environmental conditions to the cells were studied. The two microorganisms were immobilised in calcium alginate beads, protease production by these systems was assessed in the previously tested culture media, and the performances in free and immobilized operating conditions were compared. The richest medium seemed to be the best one in terms of absolute protease production, although the use of semi-defined or defined media could be considered more appropriate, in order to minimise growth of cells leaked from the support, and therefore downstream processing cost. Productivity was slightly higher in free cultures than in immobilized cultures, and retention of enzyme within the alginate beads was detected in the latter, indicating the occurrence of diffusional limitations. In all the cases studied, Serratia marcescens appeared as a better protease producer than B. subtilis, in terms of absolute production. This fact could be related to the different cell growth levels observed for the two microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Longo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, c/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
The aging male is fast becoming a global concern. The problem is predicted to become a major health issue that should be addressed immediately in order to prevent disability, morbidity, and, more importantly, mortality. As part of its commitment to increase awareness and create interest in the care of Filipino aging males, The Philippine Society for the Study of the Aging Male Foundation, Inc. (PhiSSAM), a multi-specialty society established in 2000, embarked on a survey among Filipino physicians to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding male aging. Results showed that the majority of doctors (about 87%) thought that men may experience andropause. Most would diagnose patients based on symptoms alone, while only 20-30% used testosterone levels to make a diagnosis of andropause. Decreased libido and less strong erections were the symptoms very closely associated with low testosterone. Of those doctors responding, 89% agreed that andropause can affect the quality of a man's life as much as menopause can affect a female; only 38% had already prescribed/instituted treatment for andropause. Of the 62% non-prescribers, 58% said they were either very likely or fairly likely to institute treatment in the future if there were more clinical trials, more medical information, and more information on drugs. Major concerns on testosterone replacement therapy included prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and heart disease. The findings in this pilot survey indicate a need among the doctors in the Philippines for education about andropause and the available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C Reyes
- St Luke's Medical Center, Extension, Quezon City, Philippines
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Richardson WS, Carter KM, Helm B, Garcia LA, Chambers RB, Keats BJ. Risk factors for gallstone disease in the laparoscopic era. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:450-2. [PMID: 11928026 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-8306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2001] [Accepted: 07/03/2001] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk factors for gallstone disease are well known, but they have not been updated to take the development of better ultrasound technology and the advent of laparoscopic surgery into consideration. METHODS We compared two groups of patients who underwent ultrasound-one group (n = 100) who underwent cholecystectomy after ultrasound revealed the presence of gallstones and a control group (n = 107) in whom no gallstones were shown on ultrasound. RESULTS Seven patients in the control group refused to participate in the study; otherwise, the groups are sequential. Age in the surgery group was 51 years (+/- 16) vs 50 (+/- 16) for the control group. The percentage of female patients was 59% and 52%, respectively (p = ns). Body mass index was 32 (+/- 8) and 28 (+/- 6), respectively (p = 0.013). Parity > 2 was 0.49% and 0.37%, respectively (p = 0.000001). The number who breast-fed at least one child was 17 (24%) and eight (12%), respectively (p = 0.03). Oral contraceptive use was 37 (52%) and 17 (22%), respectively (p = 0.0005). Primary relatives who had had gallbladder surgery was 0.68 (+/- 1) and 0.35 (+/- 0.6), respectively (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Body mass index, breast-feeding, oral contraceptives, parity > 2, and family history were found to be risk factors for gallstone disease. Age and female sex were not, probably due to selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, and Biostatistics, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
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Garcia LA, Hosley SE, Baim DS, Carrozza JP. In vivo assessment of stent recoil in normal porcine arteries: evaluation of contemporary stent designs. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 53:277-80. [PMID: 11387621 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute stent recoil has been observed following balloon deflation in normal and diseased coronary arteries, and the magnitude varies by stent design. We sought to evaluate acute stent recoil in five new stents. Twenty-five stents (four Crown, five Nir Conformer Royale, five Crossflex, five SupraG, and six GFX) were implanted in six Yorkshire pigs. All stents were expanded using a noncompliant balloon (balloon:artery ratio 1.2:1.0). Continuous ultrasound imaging was performed during stepwise balloon inflation and deflation using a 0.018" imaging core. Maximum cross-section areas (CSA) and minimal luminal diameter (MLD) were measured at 12 atm and immediately following balloon deflation. Maximum stent CSA matched expected balloon CSA. Area and diameter recoil were calculated as 1 - (CSAdeflation/CSAmax) and 1 - (MLDdeflation/MLDmax), respectively. Upon deflation, all stents showed recoil from maximal CSA. Area recoil was significantly lower for slotted-tube stents than modular stents (12.6% +/- 1.6% vs. 23.2 +/- 3.5%; P < 0.05). In compliant, nonatherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries, acute stent recoil for the four slotted-tube designs ranged from 8.4% to 18.0% by area. The modular stent tested was associated with significantly greater acute recoil than the slotted-tube stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival from cardiac arrest. The interactions between CPR and the new biphasic (BiP) defibrillation waveforms have not been defined. Our purpose was to compare the effect of CPR versus no CPR during BiP and damped sinusoidal (DS) shocks on the termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the resumption of a perfusing rhythm. METHODS We studied 20 pigs; VF was induced electrically and allowed to persist for 6 min. During VF episodes each pig received (in random order): (a) 6 min of full CPR (continuous ventilation and closed chest mechanical compression (Thumper, Michigan Instruments)) followed by DS defibrillation at 100 J; (b) no CPR, DS defibrillation; (c) 6 min of full CPR and BiP defibrillation at 100 J; and (d) no CPR, BiP defibrillation. RESULTS BiP shocks with CPR terminated VF in 83% of attempts versus 45% without CPR (15/18 and 5/11 respectively, P<0.05). DS shocks with CPR were successful in terminating VF in 53% of attempts; DS shocks without CPR were successful in 44% (8/15 and 7/16, respectively, P=NS). No animal achieved a perfusing rhythm after shocks of either waveform if CPR did not precede the shocks during the 6-min VF period, whereas if CPR was administered during VF 46% (11/24) of the combined BiP/DS shocks restored a perfusing rhythm (P<0.01). CONCLUSION In this experimental long duration VF model, CPR was essential for a perfusing rhythm after termination of VF by shocks with either waveform. CPR facilitated the termination of VF and resumption of a perfusing rhythm after biphasic waveform defibrillation but not after damped sinusoidal waveform defibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Rodrigo JP, Garcia LA, Lazo PS, Ramos S, Suarez C. EMS1 gene amplification correlates with poor prognosis in HNSCC. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(99)80108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pagan-Carlo LA, Garcia LA, Hutchison JL, Buettner GR, Kerber RE. Captopril lowers coronary venous free radical concentration after direct current cardiac shocks. Chest 1999; 116:484-7. [PMID: 10453880 DOI: 10.1378/chest.116.2.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Direct current (DC) shocks to the heart cause morphologic and functional myocardial damage. Previous studies have suggested that acute DC shock injury is free radical mediated and that the administration of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase can reduce the level of DC shock-induced free radicals. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are clinically used drugs that may scavenge free radicals or reduce free radical generation. The objective of our study was to determine whether the ACE inhibitor captopril lowers free radicals after DC shocks. DESIGN In six open-chest dogs, we administered 100-J DC shocks to the epicardium, before and after administration of captopril, 3 mg/kg. We used electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of arterial and coronary venous ascorbate free radical (AFR) as a real-time marker of free radical generation (total oxidative flux). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Captopril resulted in a significant lowering of coronary venous AFR concentration: the peak rise in AFR after 100-J shocks was 17.3+/-3.4% (mean +/- SEM before captopril vs. 3.2+/-4.0% after captopril; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Captopril lowers coronary venous AFR concentration after high-energy epicardial shocks.
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Whisenant BK, Baim DS, Kuntz RE, Garcia LA, Ramee SR, Carrozza JP. Rheolytic thrombectomy with the Possis AngioJet: technical considerations and initial clinical experience. J Invasive Cardiol 1999; 11:421-6. [PMID: 10745565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous revascularization of thrombus-containing lesions has an increased incidence of adverse events such as abrupt vessel closure, periprocedural myocardial infarction and death. Various pharmacologic and mechanical approaches have demonstrated modest angiographic success with significant periprocedural complications. The AngioJet (Possis Medical, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota) is a dual lumen catheter that uses the principle of rheolytic thrombectomy to remove unorganized thrombus. A previously unreported scoring system based on clinical and angiographic data may help to select patients most likely to benefit from AngioJet treatment. When compared with urokinase in the randomized VeGAS 2 Trial, AngioJet therapy yields greater angiographic success with a lower incidence of 30-day major adverse events. Technical considerations and complications are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Whisenant
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, East Campus, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Herrero M, de la Roza C, Garcia LA, D�az M. Simultaneous and sequential fermentations with yeast and lactic acid bacteria in apple juice. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
During cardioversion, skin burns result from current preferentially flowing at the electrode edge. We tested new electrodes with high perimeter impedance to yield more uniform current distribution; these electrodes reduced histopathologic skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study demonstrated that magnesium (Mg) reduces free radicals after a brief coronary occlusion-reperfusion sequence. BACKGROUND Magnesium has been shown to reduce infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that this action of Mg occurs through its action on free radicals. METHODS Eighteen mongrel dogs were studied (nine control, nine receiving Mg). Catheters were placed into the coronary sinus for continuous blood withdrawal. A Varian E-4 electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer was used to monitor the ascorbate free radical (AFR) signal in the coronary sinus blood; AFR is a measure of total oxidative stress. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 20 min was followed by reperfusion. The study animals received 4 g Mg intravenously starting at 15 min of occlusion (5 min before reperfusion) and continuing during reperfusion. RESULTS Results are presented as percent change from baseline +/- SEM. Magnesium blunted the peak AFR increase: at 4 min of reperfusion there was a 4.7 +/- 3.3% increase in AFR signal in the dogs receiving Mg versus an 18.2 +/- 3.3% increase in the control animals (p < 0.05). Total radical flux was reduced during reperfusion by 53% in the Mg dogs compared with controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Magnesium attenuates AFR increase after an occlusion-reperfusion sequence. To our knowledge this is the first in vivo real-time demonstration of Mg's impact on free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Cardiovascular Center and the Electron Spin Resonance Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Abstract
Successful termination of ventricular fibrillation by transthoracic shocks is dependent on achieving adequate current flow, which in turn is governed by transthoracic impedance (TTI). The American Heart Association (AHA) Advanced Cardiac Life Support textbook recommends three electrode positions for defibrillation: (1) anterior-apex, (2) apex-posterior and (3) anterior-posterior. However, there are few data available comparing TTI of these positions. To study this, we applied large (78 cm2) self-adhesive monitor-defibrillator pads to 20 subjects (ten male, ten female, ages 21-79) and measured TTI using a validated test-pulse technique which does not require actual shocks. We performed two studies. In Study 1 (all 20 subjects) the electrode pads were applied in the three positions recommended by the AHA, with the posterior electrode placed in the right infrascapular location. All TTI measurements were made at end-expiration and body surface area (BSA) was recorded. The results (TTI, omega, mean +/- S.D.) for the respective positions were the following: anterior-apex, 82.0+/-24.7; apex-posterior, 71.2+/-23.5; anterior-posterior, 77.0+/-24.7 (P NS). In Study 2 (six subjects) we compared the effect of right vs. left infrascapular posterior electrode placement (TTI, omega): apex-right infrascapular (RIS), 76.8+/-18.4; apex-left infrascapular (LIS), 72.1+/-18.7; anterior-RIS, 72.5+/-19.4; anterior-LIS, 71.6+/-18.6 (P NS). Correlation of TTI (anterior-apex placement) with BSA: TTI = 15.9 (BSA) + 46.7, r = 0.60, P < 0.01; the correlations of TTI and BSA were similar in the other two electrode positions. Thus, the three AHA-recommended electrode positions for transthoracic defibrillation have equivalent and acceptable TTIs; current flow should be similar using any of these positions. Furthermore, the posterior electrode may be placed in either the right or the left infrascapular position without affecting TTI. TTI is related to BSA in any of the three recommended positions; patients with high BSA and TTI may require higher energy selection to achieve defibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Anderson BD, Baldwin AR, Baumann P, Brown BA, Didierjean F, Foster CC, Garcia LA, Huck A, Knipper A, Madey R, Manley DM, Marguier G, Ramdhane M, Ravn H, Richard-Serre C, Walter G, Watson JW. Gamow-Teller strength to 38K from the 38Ar(p,n) reaction and 38Ca( beta +) decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:602-612. [PMID: 9971383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Anderson BD, Garcia LA, Millener DJ, Manley DM, Baldwin AR, Fazely A, Madey R, Tamimi N, Watson JW, Foster CC. 12C(p,n)12N reaction at 135 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:237-253. [PMID: 9971337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Anderson BD, Wetmore B, Baldwin AR, Garcia LA, Manley DM, Madey R, Watson JW, Zhang WM, Brown BA, Foster CC, Wang Y. Excitation of the 2.65 MeV state in the 20Ne(p,n)20Na reaction at 135 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:2210-2215. [PMID: 9970736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Garcia LA, Anderson BD, Manley DM, Baldwin AR, Pourang R, Steinfelds E, Watson JW, Lindgren RA, Clausen BL, Bacher AD, Foster CC. Identification of 4(-) states in the 14C(p,n)14N reaction at 135 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:289-299. [PMID: 9969659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ferreira MU, Camargo LM, de Carvalho ME, Ninomia RT, Garcia LA, dos Santos FR. Prevalence and levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in blood donors from Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1993; 88:263-9. [PMID: 8107588 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761993000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies of IgG and IgM isotypes reacting with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax thicksmear antigens were searched for by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in a random sample of 230 blood donors at the transfusion centre of Porto Velho (HEMERON), Rondônia State, western Brazilian Amazon. A high prevalence of IgG seropositivity (32% against P. falciparum, 24% against P. vivax and 37% against either P. falciparum or P. vivax antigens) was detected among them, despite the fact that candidates reporting recent (< 12 months) malaria attacks were not eligible. Only a small proportion of them had also detectable IgM antibodies to these antigens. These data suggest an intense, relatively recent exposure to malaria in such an urban population sample. However, parasitaemia (as detected by microscopical examination of Giemsa-stained thick smears) was patent in only one prospective donor. The antibody profile of blood donors was compared with that of healthy subjects of all age groups, living in a close endemic area (Candeias village, 21 km east of Porto Velho). The villagers were classified into two groups according to their history of a recent (< 12 months) or a remote (> 12 months) past malaria attack due to either P. falciparum or P. vivax. Extensive overlapping was observed when the distribution of antibody titres of healthy subjects from Candeias village with a recent and remote malaria history was compared. In conclusion, subjects with a recent or a remote malaria history could not be distinguished by serological criteria alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Anderson BD, Baldwin AR, Garcia LA, Madey R, Manley DM, Pourang R, Steinfelds E, Watson JW, Brown JD, Jacobsen ER, Sherr R, Brown BA, Foster CC. Excitation of 6(-) and 7(+) stretched states in the 38Ar(p,n)38K reaction at 135 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 46:504-509. [PMID: 9968144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Garcia LA, Roitman I. Auxotrophic mutants of Crithidia fasciculata. J Parasitol 1990; 76:739-40. [PMID: 2120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In pursuance of genetic studies, after exposure to ethylmethanesulfonate, 11 auxotrophic mutants of Crithidia fasciculata were cloned. Three proved uracil dependent; 3 serine dependent; and the remainder have not had their auxotrophy defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
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Garcia LA, Araújo PS, Chaimovich H. Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles induced by a serum albumin fragment of molecular weight 9000. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 772:231-4. [PMID: 6426514 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(84)90049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A peptide (P-9) comprising amino acids 307 to 385 of bovine serum albumin induced the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine at low pH. Upon acidification P-9 exhibited a ultraviolet differential spectrum characteristic of hydrophilic exposure of chromophores. This conformational change, and the structure of P-9 composed of three amphiphilic helixes , suggested a general working hypothesis for the description of protein-induced membrane fusion.
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Garcia LA, Schenkman S, Araujo PS, Chaimovich H. Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles induced by bovine serum albumin fragments. Braz J Med Biol Res 1983; 16:89-96. [PMID: 6652292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited pepsin proteolysis products of bovine serum albumin, fragment A (residues 307-586) and fragment B (residues 1-306), induced the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidyl choline at concentrations near 5 microM. Fusion was demonstrated and analyzed on the basis of: a) time-dependent changes in absorbance; b) dilution of the fluorescent label 2-(10-(1-pyrene)decanoyl) phosphatidyl choline, incorporated into a small percentage of the vesicles, as measured by the decrease in the excimer to monomer (E/M) ratio; c) increase of the average hydrodynamic radius of the liposomes, estimated by Sepharose 4B filtration, and d) the strict inverse relationship between the size of the liposomes and their E/M ratios. Albumin fragment B, like albumin, induced the formation of large aggregates in which rapid cooperative fusion produced vesicles having a large hydrodynamic radius. Fragment A did not produce large aggregates and the initial fusion products exhibited a hydrodynamic radius. Fragment A did not produce large aggregates and the initial fusion products exhibited a hydrodynamic radius smaller than those obtained with fragment B. Albumin and fragments A and B are fusogenic only at pH below 4.0. These data discussed in terms of a general model for a signal-dependent protein-induced membrane fusion.
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Garcia LA, Ordonez GA. The use of pluronic polyols in the precipitation of plasma proteins and its application in the preparation of plasma derivatives. Transfusion 1976; 16:32-41. [PMID: 2999 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16176130834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pluronic F-38 was used a precipitant of plasma proteins under varying conditions of pH and polymer concentration. Results indicated that marked differences in the solubility of the plasma proteins in F-38 solutions can be appled to the separation of plasma components. The feasibility of the industrial application of this fractionation method was tested in several experiments. Conditions were established for the preparation of albumin, human plasma protein fraction (HPPF), and immune serum globulin (ISG) with similar yield and purity as those prepared by the Cohn methods. Current procedures for the preparation of antihemophilic A (Facor VIII) concentrate and prothrombin complex (Factors II, VII, IX, and X) were adapted to the F-38 process by removal of the clotting factors from the starting plasma prior to polymer precipitation. In addition, a plasma protein solution free of lipoproteins, isoagglutinins, and clotting factors was developed which has proven useful as a perfusion medium in organ preservation.
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Berman M, Gordon J, Garcia LA, Gage L. Corneal ulceration and the serum antiproteases. II. Complexes of corneal collagenases and alpha-macroglobulins. Exp Eye Res 1975; 20:231-44. [PMID: 164361 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(75)90137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Humphries AL, Garcia LA, Serkes KD. Perfusates for long-term preservation by continuous perfusion. Transplant Proc 1974; 6:249-53. [PMID: 4606897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rudman D, Garcia LA, Howard CH. A new method for isolating the nonidentical protein subunits of human plasma alpha-lipoprotein. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:365-72. [PMID: 5411787 PMCID: PMC322478 DOI: 10.1172/jci106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasma alpha lipoprotein (alphaLP) was totally delipidated by gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20 in a medium of 2 butanol:acetic acid:H(2)O, 4:1:5. The resulting alpha protein (alphaP) exhibited two major bands, labeled C and D, on acrylamide-gel electrophoresis in 5.0 M urea at pH 8.8 or 4.0. Minor bands labeled A and B, also present, were shown to be aggregates of C which form when the latter is lyophilized. The C and D components were isolated in pure form from alphaP (prepared by LH-20 chromatography of alphaLP) by gel filtration of this protein on Sephadex G-200 in a medium of 1.0 N acetic acid: the C component emerged with a distribution coefficient (K(d)) of 0.4, and the D component with a coefficient of 0.7. From each 100 mg of alphaP, 68 mg of C and 22 mg of D were isolated. 3 mg of a minor fraction with K(d) 0.1, containing A and B components as well as C, were also obtained. D but not C reacts with rabbit antiserum to human alphaLP. C and D differ substantially in content of arginine, histidine, (1/2)-cystine, isoleucine, and tryptophan.
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Rudman D, Garcia LA, Abell LL, Akgun S. Observations on the protein components of human plasma high- and low-density lipoproteins. Biochemistry 1968; 7:3136-48. [PMID: 4971739 DOI: 10.1021/bi00849a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rudman D, Garcia LA, Del Rio A. Effects on mammalian adipose tissue of fragments of bovine insulin and of certain synthetic peptides. Biochemistry 1968; 7:1875-81. [PMID: 4297056 DOI: 10.1021/bi00845a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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