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Greipel E, Kósa A, Böddi B, Bakony M, Bernát G, Felföldi T, Preininger É, Kutasi J. Extraction of chlorophyll a from Tetradesmus obliquus-a method upgrade. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00209-3. [PMID: 38388863 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of algae is prevalent for both industrial and agricultural purposes. The determination of chlorophyll (Chl) content is a commonly used method for estimating the phytoplankton abundance in different water bodies or biomass density of algal cultures. The aim of the present work is to optimise the efficiency of the Chl extraction from the green alga Tetradesmus obliquus using methanol as extracting solvent. The extraction efficiency was estimated by measuring the Chl a concentration of the extracts using fluorescence spectroscopy. To increase the extraction yield, glass fibre filters with algal cells on top were treated with 10% (v/v) formalin prior to the extraction. We found that this pretreatment significantly enhanced the extraction yield of Chl without its chemical decomposition. We also found that the optimal cell concentration for Chl determination ranged from 1.44 × 104 to 3.60 × 105 cells/mL and the extraction efficiency was lower when the cell density of the culture was out of this range. These results highlight the importance of the optimization of the pigment extraction for the studied algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Greipel
- Albitech Ltd., Berlini u. 47-49, Budapest, 1045, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny.1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - A Kósa
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny.1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - B Böddi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny.1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - M Bakony
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Baross U. 22. Budapest, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - G Bernát
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno Utca. 3. Tihany, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - T Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny.1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - É Preininger
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny.1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Fruit Growing, Institute of Horticultural Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Park Str. 2, Budapest, 1223, Hungary
| | - J Kutasi
- Albitech Ltd., Berlini u. 47-49, Budapest, 1045, Hungary
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Jurkovich V, Somoskői B, Kovács L, Bakony M. The effects of heat stress in Jersey, Hungarian Simmental
and Holstein-Friesian cows. J Anim Feed Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/155410/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bakony M, Kiss G, Kovács L, Jurkovich V. The effect of hutch compass direction on primary heat stress responses in dairy calves in a continental region. Anim Welf 2021. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.30.3.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress reduction in hutch-reared dairy calves is overlooked on most dairy farms. We hypothesised that during summer, the microclimate within hutches is directly affected by compass direction as a result of differences in exposure to solar radiation. On a bright, midAugust day a
number of behavioural and physiological heat stress response measures (respiratory rate, body posture, being in the shade or sun) were recorded in 20-min intervals from 0720–1900h on calves housed in hutches with entrances facing all four points of the compass. In conjunction with this,
dry bulb (ambient) and black globe temperatures, and wind speed were recorded both inside the plastic hutches and at one sunny site at the exterior. Data were compared in terms of distinct periods of the day (0720–1100, 1120– 1500, 1520–1900h). Dry bulb temperatures were
higher inside hutches compared to outside while for black globe temperatures the opposite was true. Daily average temperatures and respiratory rates did not differ between hutches facing different compass points. In the morning and afternoon, hutch temperature and calf respiratory rate differed
relative to compass point. Calves in east- and northfacing hutches were seen more in the shade than those in south- and west-facing ones. Our conclusion was that in a continental region having hutch entrances face towards the east or north confers some advantages in mitigating severe solar
heat load in summer.
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Jurkovich V, Bakony M, Laky E, Ruff F, Kézér FL, Bende A, Kovács L. Cardiac vagal tone, plasma cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone response to an ACTH challenge in lame and nonlame dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106388. [PMID: 31821929 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the adrenocortical and vagal tone responses to a single ACTH challenge in lame (n = 9) vs nonlame (n = 9) dairy cows. Cows were paired according to parity, days in milk, and milk yield. Plasma cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations and cardiac vagal tone response (high-frequency component of heart rate variability) were compared after intravenous ACTH administration. Baseline, minimum or maximum, amplitude of the response and area under the response curve were compared. No difference was detected between groups in the cortisol response. Dehydroepiandrosterone was irresponsive to ACTH treatment, and concentrations did not differ between lame and nonlame cows. Vagal tone decreased in response to the ACTH treatment. High frequency component of heart rate variability was lower in the lame group at all sampling times. Lameness was associated with delayed return to baseline. We concluded that the adrenal response capacity is not influenced by lameness, which supports the concept of lameness being a chronic intermittent rather than a chronically persistent stressor. Dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations were not proven to be useful indicators of hypothalamus-pituitary axis dysfunction in cattle. A decreased vagal contribution to heart rate variability-possibly coupled with increased sympathetic modulation-was observed in lame cows, which suggests that lameness affects the mechanisms underlying the action of ACTH on cardiovascular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary.
| | - M Bakony
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - E Laky
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - F Ruff
- Department of Methodology, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest 1024, Hungary
| | - F L Kézér
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - A Bende
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - L Kovács
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary; Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom 2053, Hungary
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Kovács L, Kézér FL, Ruff F, Szenci O, Bakony M, Jurkovich V. Effect of artificial shade on saliva cortisol concentrations of heat-stressed dairy calves. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 66:43-47. [PMID: 30423522 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Responses to heat stress have not been evaluated in dairy cattle by noninvasive techniques such as analysis of saliva cortisol concentrations. The aim of the present study was the assessment of saliva cortisol levels in Holstein bull calves with (n = 8) or without supplemental shade (n = 8) in response to acute heat stress. Measurements were carried out during a 5-d period [temperature, average/max (°C); day 1 (control, all calves shaded): 22.9/29.4, day 2 (heat stress day): 28.3/38.8, day 3: 26.2/33.5, day 4: 23.7/28.7, and day 5: 21.2/24.7]. The level of thermal stress was characterized with a temperature-humidity index (THI). Saliva cortisol levels did not differ between groups during the control day. On the heat stress day, saliva cortisol levels increased from 8:00 to 12:00 by 51% and 342% in shaded and nonshaded calves, respectively, and nonshaded calves showed higher cortisol concentrations at 12:00, 16:00, and 24:00. Saliva cortisol levels peaked at 12:00 on day 3 in both groups. On days 4 and 5, saliva cortisol did not show significant daytime elevations in either group; however, group differences remained significant until 20:00 on day 4. Based on our results, measurement of saliva cortisol concentrations is a promising approach to detect acute heat stress in dairy calves, which could be reduced by artificial shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kovács
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Dóra-major Üllő H-2225, Hungary; Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - F L Kézér
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Dóra-major Üllő H-2225, Hungary; Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary
| | - F Ruff
- Department of Methodology, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Keleti Károly utca 5-7, Budapest H-1024, Hungary
| | - O Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Dóra-major Üllő H-2225, Hungary
| | - M Bakony
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest H-1078, Hungary
| | - V Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest H-1078, Hungary
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Kovács L, Tőzsér J, Szenci O, Póti P, Kézér FL, Ruff F, Gábriel-Tőzsér G, Hoffmann D, Bakony M, Jurkovich V. Cardiac responses to palpation per rectum in lactating and nonlactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6955-63. [PMID: 25200771 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV) has increased recently, as it gives more detailed and immediate information about the level of stress than traditional behavioral or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal measures. In this study, we evaluated heart rate (HR) and parasympathetic HRV parameters to monitor cardiac stress responses to palpation per rectum (PPR) in lactating (LACT; n = 11) and nonlactating (NLACT; n = 12) dairy cows. Heart rate and HRV were recorded from 40 min before PPR until 120 min after it was completed. Heart rate, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the high-frequency component (HF) of HRV were analyzed by examining 5-min time windows. To compare cardiac responses to PPR between groups, changes in HR and HRV parameters were calculated as area under the curve (AUC) for LACT and NLACT cows. An immediate increase in HR was detected during PPR in both LACT (+21.4 ± 2.4 beats/min) and NLACT cows (+20.6 ± 2.3 beats/min); however, no differences were found between groups on the basis of parameters of AUC. The increase in HR in both groups along with a parallel decrease in RMSSD (LACT cows: -5.2 ± 0.4 ms; NLACT cows: -5.1 ± 0.4 ms) and HF [LACT cows: -10.1 ± 0.8 nu (where nu = normalized units); NLACT cows: -16.9 ± 1.2 nu] during PPR indicate an increase in the sympathetic, and a decrease in the parasympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system. The increase in RMSSD (LACT cows: +7.3 ± 0.7 ms; NL cows: +17.8 ± 2.2 ms) and in HF (LACT cows: +24.3 ± 2.6 nu; NLACT cows: +32.7 ± 3.5 nu) immediately after PPR indicated a rapid increase in parasympathetic activity, which decreased under the baseline values 10 min following PPR. The amplitude and the maximum RMSSD and HF values were greater in NLACT cows than in LACT animals, suggesting a higher short-term cardiac responsiveness of NLACT cows. However, the magnitude and the duration of the stress response were greater in LACT cows, as indicated by the analysis of AUC parameters (area under the HRV response curve and time to return to baseline). Cow response to the PPR was more prominent in parasympathetic HRV measures than in HR. Based on our results, the effect of PPR on the cows' cardiac stress responses may have an impact on animal welfare on dairy farms, and investigating the effect of lactation on the cardiac stress reactions could prove useful in modeling bovine stress sensitivity. Further research is needed to find out whether the differences due to lactation are physiological or management related.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kovács
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Szent István University (HAS-SZIU) Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major 2225, Hungary.
| | - J Tőzsér
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - O Szenci
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Szent István University (HAS-SZIU) Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major 2225, Hungary
| | - P Póti
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - F L Kézér
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - F Ruff
- Institute of Economics, Law and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Gy Gábriel-Tőzsér
- Institute of Economics, Law and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - D Hoffmann
- Bóly Co., Ady Endre utca 21, Bóly 7754, Hungary
| | - M Bakony
- Rumino-Vet Bt, Csillés utca 2, Érd 2030, Hungary
| | - V Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István utca 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
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Kovács L, Tőzsér J, Bakony M, Jurkovich V. Short communication: Changes in heart rate variability of dairy cows during conventional milking with nonvoluntary exit. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7743-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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