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Nicolle M, Becker JN, Weinzetl C, Walmsley IA, Ledingham PM. Gigahertz-bandwidth optical memory in Pr 3+:Y 2SiO 5. Opt Lett 2021; 46:2948-2951. [PMID: 34129581 DOI: 10.1364/ol.423642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study a broadband implementation of the atomic frequency comb (AFC) rephasing protocol with a cryogenically cooled Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. To allow for storage of broadband pulses, we explore a novel, to the best of our knowledge, regime where the input photonic bandwidth closely matches the inhomogeneous broadening of the material (∼5GHz), thereby significantly exceeding the hyperfine ground and excited state splitting (∼10MHz). Through an investigation of different AFC preparation parameters, we measure a maximum efficiency of 10% after a rephasing time of 12.5 ns. With a suboptimal AFC, we witness up to 12 rephased temporal modes.
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Fusco T, Rousset G, Sauvage JF, Petit C, Beuzit JL, Dohlen K, Mouillet D, Charton J, Nicolle M, Kasper M, Baudoz P, Puget P. High-order adaptive optics requirements for direct detection of extrasolar planets: Application to the SPHERE instrument. Opt Express 2006; 14:7515-7534. [PMID: 19529118 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.007515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The detection of extrasolar planets implies an extremely high-contrast, long-exposure imaging capability at near infrared and probably visible wavelengths. We present here the core of any Planet Finder instrument, that is, the extreme adaptive optics (XAO) subsystem. The level of AO correction directly impacts the exposure time required for planet detection. In addition, the capacity of the AO system to calibrate all the instrument static defects ultimately limits detectivity. Hence, the extreme AO system has to adjust for the perturbations induced by the atmospheric turbulence, as well as for the internal aberrations of the instrument itself. We propose a feasibility study for an extreme AO system in the frame of the SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetry High-contrast Exoplanet Research) instrument, which is currently under design and should equip one of the four VLT 8-m telescopes in 2010.
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3
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Nicolle M, Fusco T, Rousset G, Michau V. Improvement of Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor measurement for extreme adaptive optics. Opt Lett 2004; 29:2743-2745. [PMID: 15605491 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance adaptive optics systems requires the optimization of wave-front sensors (WFSs) working in the high-order correction regime. We propose a new method to improve the wave-front slope estimation of a Shack-Hartmann WFS in such a regime. Based on a detailed analysis of the different errors in the slope estimation with a classical centroid and with the new method, the gain in terms of wave-front-sensing accuracy in both the detector and the photon noise regimes is stressed. This improvement is proposed without major system disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nicolle
- Département d'Optique Théorique et Appliquée--Office National d'Etudes de Recherche Aérospatiale, 29 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France.
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4
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Burke G, Cossins J, Maxwell S, Robb S, Nicolle M, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, Palace J, Beeson D. Distinct phenotypes of congenital acetylcholine receptor deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 14:356-64. [PMID: 15145336 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We contrast the phenotypes associated with hereditary acetylcholine receptor deficiency arising from mutations in either the acetylcholine receptor epsilon subunit or the endplate acetylcholine receptor clustering protein rapsyn. Mutational screening was performed by amplification of promoter and coding regions by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. We identified mutations in 37 acetylcholine receptor deficiency patients; 18 had acetylcholine receptor-epsilon mutations, 19 had rapsyn mutations. Mutated acetylcholine receptor-epsilon associated with bulbar symptoms, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia at birth, and generalized weakness. Mutated rapsyn caused either an early onset (rapsyn-EO) or late onset (rapsyn-LO) phenotype. Rapsyn-EO associated with arthrogryposis and life-threatening exacerbations during early childhood. Rapsyn-LO presented with limb weakness in adolescence or adulthood resembling seronegative myasthenia gravis. Awareness of distinct phenotypic features of acetylcholine receptor deficiency resulting from acetylcholine receptor-epsilon or rapsyn mutations should facilitate targeted genetic diagnosis, avoid inappropriate immunological therapy and, in some infants, prompt the rapid introduction of treatment that could be life saving.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/analogs & derivatives
- 4-Aminopyridine/therapeutic use
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amifampridine
- Cell Line
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Electric Stimulation
- Electromyography/methods
- Electrophysiology/methods
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Ephedrine/therapeutic use
- Evoked Potentials, Motor/drug effects
- Evoked Potentials, Motor/radiation effects
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
- Humans
- Kidney
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscles
- Mutation/genetics
- Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/classification
- Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/drug therapy
- Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/genetics
- Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Potassium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Protein Subunits/deficiency
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Pyridostigmine Bromide/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cholinergic/deficiency
- Receptors, Cholinergic/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Severity of Illness Index
- Sympathomimetics/therapeutic use
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burke
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
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Burke G, Cossins J, Maxwell S, Owens G, Vincent A, Robb S, Nicolle M, Hilton-Jones D, Newsom-Davis J, Palace J, Beeson D. Rapsyn mutations in hereditary myasthenia: distinct early- and late-onset phenotypes. Neurology 2004; 61:826-8. [PMID: 14504330 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000085865.55513.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapsyn mutations in 16 unrelated patients with a congenital/hereditary myasthenic syndrome were identified, and a mutation (N88K) common to each of them was found. Two distinct phenotypes were noted: early and late onset. The former is frequently associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and life-threatening crises. The late-onset phenotype developed in adolescence or adulthood and was initially mistaken for seronegative myasthenia gravis. Recognition of this late-onset phenotype should prevent inappropriate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burke
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
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Rey D, Krantz V, Partisani M, Schmitt MP, Meyer P, Libbrecht E, Wendling MJ, Vetter D, Nicolle M, Kempf-Durepaire G, Lang JM. Increasing the number of hepatitis B vaccine injections augments anti-HBs response rate in HIV-infected patients. Effects on HIV-1 viral load. Vaccine 2000; 18:1161-5. [PMID: 10649616 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preventing hepatitis B by vaccination is essential in HIV-infected patients (higher progression rate of HBV infection to chronicity, lower rate of serum HBe Ag loss). However, it has been shown a decreased anti-HBs response in these individuals after a standard vaccination (3 doses of 20 micrograms). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that doubling the number of hepatitis B vaccine injections might increase anti-HBs response rate. HIV-infected patients with CD4 > 200/microliter, who were on stable antiretroviral treatment, as well as seronegative for HBV markers, and who have never been vaccinated against HBV, were given 3 intramuscular injections of Genhevac B 20 micrograms at 1 month intervals. Initial non responders were given 3 additional monthly injections. Anti-HBs titer was followed. We also evaluated the effects on HIV-1 viral load. Twenty patients with a median CD4 cell count of 470/microliter were enrolled. The response rate after three 20 micrograms injections was 55% (11/20), lower in individuals with CD4 between 200 and 500/microliter (4/12 = 33.3%), compared to patients with CD4 above 500/microliter (7/8 = 87.5%, P = 0.02). Among 9 initial non-responders, only 2 did not respond to 3 additional doses; thus, the overall response rate was 90% (18/20). Geometric mean titers of anti-HBs were 133 IU/l and 77.5 IU/l, after 3 and 6 Genhevac doses, respectively (P = 0.38). One year later, only 10/17 (58.8%) patients had protective anti-HBs. Five patients experienced a significant viral load increase, transient in 3 cases. These preliminary results suggest that doubling the number of hepatitis B vaccinations in HIV-infected patients might significantly improve anti-HBs response rate; however, close monitoring of anti-HBs is necessary because of its short-lived persistence. The effects on HIV-1 viral load are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rey
- CISIH, Clinique Médicale A, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France.
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Rey D, Fritsch S, Schmitt C, Partisani M, Kempf-Durepaire G, Nicolle M, Krantz V, De Mautort E, Stoll-Keller F, Lang JM. [Emergence of resistant hepatitis B virus strains during long-term lamivudine therapy in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2000; 24:125-7. [PMID: 10679599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBsAg and HBeAg carriers, quantifiable HBV DNA with the bDNA technic) and human immunodeficiency virus received a triple antiretroviral combination therapy, including lamivudine (150 mg twice a day). Hepatitis B viral load rapidly became undetectable in 6/7 patients. It remained below the level of detection in 2 subjects, after 20 and 22 months of treatment, with one of them achieving HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion. However, in the other 4 individuals, hepatitis B viremia increased again after 8 to 16 months of lamivudine-containing regimen. The last patient was a non-responder. The 4 relapsers developed a double mutation Leu(528) for Met(528) and Met(552) for Val(552), on hepatitis B virus polymerase, either concomitant (M8 and M16) with a hepatitis B virus DNA increase, or 2 months earlier (M10 and M12). The high frequency of hepatitis B virus resistance to lamivudine emphasizes the necessity of identifying more effective strategies, such as double combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rey
- Centre d'Informations et de Soins de l'Immunodéficience Humaine, Clinique Médicale A, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg
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Rey D, Partisani M, Krantz V, Kempf G, Nicolle M, de Mautort E, Priester M, Bernard-Henry C, Lang JM. Prednisolone does not prevent the occurrence of nevirapine-induced rashes. AIDS 1999; 13:2307. [PMID: 10563719 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199911120-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hawke S, Matsuo H, Nicolle M, Wordsworth P, Corlett L, Spack E, Deshpande S, Driscoll PC, Willcox N. Cross-restriction of a T cell clone to HLA-DR alleles associated with rheumatoid arthritis: clues to arthritogenic peptide motifs. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:1040-50. [PMID: 10323462 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<1040::aid-anr25>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify distinctive sequence motifs required for productive peptide presentation by those HLA-DR alleles/DR4 subtypes that predispose to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We tested 10 different HLA-DR4 subtypes for presentation of acetylcholine receptor peptides to 8 different DR4-restricted T cell lines/clones in proliferation assays. RESULTS Seven of the 8 T cells depended absolutely on either the autologous Lys71 (in Dw4) or Arg71 (e.g., Dw14), despite these alleles' similar charge and RA associations. In contrast, the PM-A T cell was only mildly affected by this interchange. Moreover, after minor modifications, peptides were presented to this unusual T cell preferentially by all the RA-associated subtypes of DR4 as well as by 2 other DR alleles (DR1 and DR1402) that predispose to RA. CONCLUSION This coincident cross-restriction to all the RA-associated HLA-DR alleles except DR10 shows that there could even be a single arthritogenic peptide; we now suggest a possible consensus motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hawke
- Imperial College Medical School, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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10
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Matsuo H, Corlett L, Hawke S, Nicolle M, Driscoll P, Deshpande S, Spack E, Willcox N. Distant interactions between dimorphisms in HLA-DR4 radically affect recognition of defined peptides by a specific T cell clone. Int Immunol 1999; 11:835-43. [PMID: 10330288 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.5.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several isolated dimorphisms recur in many HLA class II alleles, but it is not clear whether they merely influence the binding of peptides locally or have more general effects on their recognition by T cells. For example, interchanges in HLA-DRbeta include 86Gly <--> Val and 57Asp <--> Ser at either end of its alpha helix, and 71Arg <--> Lys in the middle. In DR4, the existence of six subtypes differing by single substitutions at these sites enabled us to assess their functional effects--both in isolation and in their natural context--on peptide presentation to a specific T cell clone with unusually broad cross-restrictions. Unexpectedly, the restriction imposed by 86Val was much more severe in the context of 71Arg than 71Lys, but was also more readily overcome by reducing the bulk of the 'p1' peptide 'anchor' residue (149Trp --> Phe). Moreover, when there was also a distant 57Asp-->Ser substitution, compensating similarly for 86Val proved much more difficult. Thus 86Val and 57Ser in combination had far more drastic effects on peptide presentation than they did separately, when peptide binding was also largely unchanged. These and other interactions with position 71 together provide strong evidence that the configuration of the peptide-DR4 complex is critical for T cell recognition, which could be affected by subtle conformational influences on the p1-9 core of the peptide or on the alpha helix of DR4beta (between positions 86 and 57). Ideally, therefore, the effects of individual class II substitutions should be considered in their natural context rather than in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuo
- Neurosciences Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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11
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Nicolle M, Levy S, Amrhein E, Schmitt MP, Partisani M, Rey D, Lang JM. Normal platelet numbers correlate with plasma viral load and CD4+ cell counts in HIV-1 infection. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1998; 61:216-7. [PMID: 9753420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1998.tb01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Rey D, Schmitt AC, Schmitt MP, Partisani M, Nicolle M, Kempf-Durepaire G, Krantz V, Lang JM. [Weak antiviral effect of changing two nucleoside analogues combined with antiretroviral agents. 3TC and d4T after ZDU and ddi or ddc]. Presse Med 1998; 27:360. [PMID: 9768003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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13
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Bond A, Corlett L, Nagvekar N, Jacobson L, Pantic N, Beeson D, Nicolle M, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, Spack E, Willcox N. Heterogeneity and immunotherapy of specific T-cells in myasthenia gravis. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:665-70. [PMID: 9191178 DOI: 10.1042/bst0250665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K
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14
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Hawke S, Matsuo H, Nicolle M, Malcherek G, Melms A, Willcox N. Autoimmune T cells in myasthenia gravis: heterogeneity and potential for specific immunotargeting. Immunol Today 1996; 17:307-11. [PMID: 8763815 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(96)10022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hawke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was used to examine [3H]D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-015 enkephalin (DAGO) (mu-agonist) and [3H]diprenorphine (general opiate antagonist) binding sites in the hippocampal formation of young (6-8 months) and aged (25-28 months) Long-Evans rats. Age-related changes in these binding sites were restricted to specific regions but were not generally dependent on the ligand used. No reliable age-related changes in opiate binding were observed in the CA1 field or subicular region. In contrast, a decrease in the density of binding was found in both dorsal and ventral hippocampus within the CA3 field of aged brains. An age-related decrease in opiate binding within the dentate gyrus differed in its topography at dorsal and ventral levels of the hippocampus. A uniform decrease of opiate receptor binding was found throughout the dorsal dentate gyrus, while a more localized decrease of these sites occurred in hilar and granular layers of the ventral dentate gyrus. These results indicate that a decrease of opiate binding in the hippocampal formation is largely localized to the CA3 region and dentate gyrus of aged rats. These findings are discussed with reference to age-related changes in hippocampal pathways containing opioid peptides. The implications for hippocampal opioid function in learning and age-related cognitive decline are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Nagahara
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-3270, USA.
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Matsuo H, Batocchi AP, Hawke S, Nicolle M, Jacobson L, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N. Peptide-selected T cell lines from myasthenia gravis patients and controls recognize epitopes that are not processed from whole acetylcholine receptor. J Immunol 1995; 155:3683-92. [PMID: 7561069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To study pathogenic T helper cells in myasthenia gravis (MG) reacting against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), we have previously selected five CD4+ T cell lines/clones from MG patients (or healthy controls) against full-length recombinant human AChR alpha subunit (alpha 1-437); these can all recognize AChR solubilized from human muscle. Recently, T cells selected with pooled AChR subunit synthetic peptides have shown greater heterogeneity than above. Hoping to validate that, we have characterized three MG and six control T cell lines selected with pooled peptides (averaging 33 residues long) covering the alpha subunit sequence; recurring responses to three particular peptides each showed preferred HLA class II restrictions--p75-115/DR4, p138-167/DR4, and p309-344/DR3 (or DR52a). However, none of three lines from MG patients recognized p138-167--even one from a previous responder to this epitope in full-length alpha 1-437; otherwise they resembled those from controls. Moreover, no peptide-selected line responded significantly to whole AChR, alpha 1-437, or even to shorter polypeptides sharing one terminus with the peptide, suggesting specificity for epitopes not naturally processed by APCs from blood. Of 20 sublines maintained with individual peptides, at least 10 responded to independently synthesized overlapping sequences, but four others depended on contaminants in the original peptides. A single line did recognize one longer polypeptide, but only after tryptic digestion; the processing of this cryptic epitope was evidently the limiting factor here rather than its concentration or the T cell sensitivity. Therefore, while synthetic peptides are essential for mapping epitopes, assessment of the pathogenic MG T cell repertoire requires full-length Ag processed naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Matsuo H, Batocchi AP, Hawke S, Nicolle M, Jacobson L, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N. Peptide-selected T cell lines from myasthenia gravis patients and controls recognize epitopes that are not processed from whole acetylcholine receptor. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.155.7.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To study pathogenic T helper cells in myasthenia gravis (MG) reacting against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), we have previously selected five CD4+ T cell lines/clones from MG patients (or healthy controls) against full-length recombinant human AChR alpha subunit (alpha 1-437); these can all recognize AChR solubilized from human muscle. Recently, T cells selected with pooled AChR subunit synthetic peptides have shown greater heterogeneity than above. Hoping to validate that, we have characterized three MG and six control T cell lines selected with pooled peptides (averaging 33 residues long) covering the alpha subunit sequence; recurring responses to three particular peptides each showed preferred HLA class II restrictions--p75-115/DR4, p138-167/DR4, and p309-344/DR3 (or DR52a). However, none of three lines from MG patients recognized p138-167--even one from a previous responder to this epitope in full-length alpha 1-437; otherwise they resembled those from controls. Moreover, no peptide-selected line responded significantly to whole AChR, alpha 1-437, or even to shorter polypeptides sharing one terminus with the peptide, suggesting specificity for epitopes not naturally processed by APCs from blood. Of 20 sublines maintained with individual peptides, at least 10 responded to independently synthesized overlapping sequences, but four others depended on contaminants in the original peptides. A single line did recognize one longer polypeptide, but only after tryptic digestion; the processing of this cryptic epitope was evidently the limiting factor here rather than its concentration or the T cell sensitivity. Therefore, while synthetic peptides are essential for mapping epitopes, assessment of the pathogenic MG T cell repertoire requires full-length Ag processed naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A P Batocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hawke
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Nicolle
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Vincent
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Newsom-Davis
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Willcox
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vincent A, Barrett-Jolley R, Shillito P, Hart I, Beeson D, MacLennan C, Nicolle M, Lang B, Roberts M, Willison H. Involvement of cation channels in autoimmune disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:488-91. [PMID: 7525378 DOI: 10.1042/bst0220488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
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19
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Baggi F, Nicolle M, Vincent A, Matsuo H, Willcox N, Newsom-Davis J. Presentation of endogenous acetylcholine receptor epitope by an MHC class II-transfected human muscle cell line to a specific CD4+ T cell clone from a myasthenia gravis patient. J Neuroimmunol 1993; 46:57-65. [PMID: 7689595 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90233-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Muscle or thymic myoid cells, if induced to express MHC class II in addition to endogenous acetylcholine receptor (AChR), might present epitopes derived from the AChR to specific CD4+ T cells. These T cells could in turn initiate or maintain the anti-AChR response that is responsible for AChR loss in myasthenia gravis (MG). We transfected the AChR+ TE671 (rhabdomyosarcoma) cells with HLA-DR4 and co-cultured them with the DR4-restricted, CD4+ T cell clone (PM-A1; raised from a hyperplastic thymus of an MG patient and previously shown to recognise all forms of the AChR that contain the sequence alpha 144-156). Significant T cell activation, demonstrated both by 3H-thymidine incorporation and by lysis of the TE671 cells, was found in the presence of added alpha 144-156 and, more importantly, in the absence of exogenous antigen. These results show that MHC class II-expressing muscle or other AChR-expressing cells could present endogenous AChR to pathogenic T cells. This process may be important in the aetiology of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baggi
- Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Chaouat D, Bakouche P, Perroud AM, Bergevin H, Reignier A, Nicolle M, Nick J. [Iatrogenic arthritis after intestinal by-pass as a treatment for obesity (author's transl)]. Sem Hop 1980; 56:539-43. [PMID: 6245454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The authors report three observations of patients having suffered from arthralgias as an aftermath of intestinal by-pass for treatment of refractory obesity. They remind the main troubles cropping up after such surgical treatment and refer to the data already existing in the literature dealing with articular manifestations. They think this pathology is in keeping with arthritis already reported in inflammatory colitis and they suggest a similar pathogeny.
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Nicolle M. [Psychotherapy by the practitioner]. Psychother Psychosom 1978; 29:339-40. [PMID: 724957 DOI: 10.1159/000287162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nick J, Bakouche P, Reignier A, Nicolle M, Mignot B. [Focal neurologic manifestations in the course of iatrogenic hypercalcemia]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1971; 125:15-24. [PMID: 5138161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Nick J, Contamin F, Mazuel R, Nicolle M, Marcantoni JP. [Clinically primary choroid carcinomatosis followed by encephalo-meningeal carcinomatosis]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1971; 122:755-60. [PMID: 5113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nick J, Guillard A, Nicolle M, Schneider JP. [Cerebral ischemic accidents induced by stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Critical study of the physiopathologic mechanisms]. Presse Med (1893) 1966; 74:2527-30. [PMID: 5920838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nick J, Guillard A, Nicolle M, Schneider JJ. [Indications for arteriography and for surgical treatment in stenoses of the internal carotid]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1966; 115:725-42. [PMID: 5982595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nick J, Moinet A, Lauriers A, Guillard A, Nicolle M. [Suicide of surrender]. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 1966; 124:5-17. [PMID: 5941451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nick J, Guillard A, Nicolle M, Schneider JP. [Morphologic anomalies of the internal carotid arteries. Arteriographic study. Discussion of their pathogenetic role]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1966; 114:73-9. [PMID: 5934754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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