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Nurmi EL, Laughlin CP, de Wit H, Palmer AA, MacKillop J, Cannon TD, Bilder RM, Congdon E, Sabb FW, Seaman LC, McElroy JJ, Libowitz MR, Weafer J, Gray J, Dean AC, Hellemann GS, London ED. Polygenic contributions to performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3524-3530. [PMID: 37582857 PMCID: PMC10618088 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Risky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests risky decision-making, in two independent samples of European ancestry. One sample (n = 1138) comprised healthy participants and some psychiatric patients (53 schizophrenia, 42 bipolar disorder, 47 ADHD); the other (n = 911) excluded for recent treatment of various psychiatric disorders but not ADHD. Participants provided DNA and performed the BART, indexed by mean adjusted pumps. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for discovery in each dataset and tested it in the other as replication. Subsequently, a genome-wide MEGA-analysis, combining both samples, tested genetic correlation with risk-taking self-report in the UK Biobank sample and psychiatric phenotypes characterized by risk-taking (ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, prior cannabis use) in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The PRS for BART performance in one dataset predicted task performance in the replication sample (r = 0.13, p = 0.000012, pFDR = 0.000052), as did the reciprocal analysis (r = 0.09, p = 0.0083, pFDR=0.04). Excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses produced similar results. The MEGA-GWAS identified a single SNP (rs12023073; p = 3.24 × 10-8) near IGSF21, a protein involved in inhibitory brain synapses; replication samples are needed to validate this result. A PRS for self-reported cannabis use (p = 0.00047, pFDR = 0.0053), but not self-reported risk-taking or psychiatric disorder status, predicted behavior on the BART in our MEGA-GWAS sample. The findings reveal polygenic architecture of risky decision-making as measured by the BART and highlight its overlap with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - C P Laughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - H de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - T D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - R M Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - E Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - F W Sabb
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - L C Seaman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - J J McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - M R Libowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - G S Hellemann
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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