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Li Y, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Boucau J, Nathan A, Speidel T, Liew MY, Edelstein GE, Kawano Y, Uddin R, Deo R, Marino C, Getz MA, Reynolds Z, Barry M, Gilbert RF, Tien D, Sagar S, Vyas TD, Flynn JP, Hammond SP, Novack LA, Choi B, Cernadas M, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA, Vyas JM, Seaman MS, Gaiha GD, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE, Li JZ. SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance and evolution varies by type and severity of immunodeficiency. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk1599. [PMID: 38266109 PMCID: PMC10982957 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite vaccination and antiviral therapies, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but the immune defects that predispose an individual to persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed detailed viro-immunologic analyses of a prospective cohort of participants with COVID-19. The median times to nasal viral RNA and culture clearance in individuals with severe immunosuppression due to hematologic malignancy or transplant (S-HT) were 72 and 40 days, respectively, both of which were significantly longer than clearance rates in individuals with severe immunosuppression due to autoimmunity or B cell deficiency (S-A), individuals with nonsevere immunodeficiency, and nonimmunocompromised groups (P < 0.01). Participants who were severely immunocompromised had greater SARS-CoV-2 evolution and a higher risk of developing resistance against therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Both S-HT and S-A participants had diminished SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses, whereas only the S-HT group had reduced T cell-mediated responses. This highlights the varied risk of persistent COVID-19 across distinct immunosuppressive conditions and suggests that suppression of both B and T cell responses results in the highest contributing risk of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Regan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anusha Nathan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tessa Speidel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - May Yee Liew
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gregory E. Edelstein
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumeko Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew A. Getz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zahra Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mamadou Barry
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dessie Tien
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shruti Sagar
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tammy D. Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James P. Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah P. Hammond
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lewis A. Novack
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bina Choi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary S. Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Sparks
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gaurav D. Gaiha
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Li Y, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Boucau J, Nathan A, Speidel T, Liew MY, Edelstein GE, Kawano Y, Uddin R, Deo R, Marino C, Getz MA, Reynold Z, Barry M, Gilbert RF, Tien D, Sagar S, Vyas TD, Flynn JP, Hammond SP, Novack LA, Choi B, Cernadas M, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA, Vyas JM, Seaman MS, Gaiha GD, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE, Li JZ. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance and Evolution Varies by Extent of Immunodeficiency. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.31.23293441. [PMID: 37577493 PMCID: PMC10418302 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.23293441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite vaccination and antiviral therapies, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the immune defects that predispose to persistent COVID-19 remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed detailed viro-immunologic analyses of a prospective cohort of participants with COVID-19. The median time to nasal viral RNA and culture clearance in the severe hematologic malignancy/transplant group (S-HT) were 72 and 40 days, respectively, which were significantly longer than clearance rates in the severe autoimmune/B-cell deficient (S-A), non-severe, and non-immunocompromised groups (P<0.001). Participants who were severely immunocompromised had greater SARS-CoV-2 evolution and a higher risk of developing antiviral treatment resistance. Both S-HT and S-A participants had diminished SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral, while only the S-HT group had reduced T cell-mediated responses. This highlights the varied risk of persistent COVID-19 across immunosuppressive conditions and suggests that suppression of both B and T cell responses results in the highest contributing risk of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manish C Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Regan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anusha Nathan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tessa Speidel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May Yee Liew
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory E Edelstein
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumeko Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew A Getz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Reynold
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamadou Barry
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dessie Tien
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti Sagar
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy D Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James P Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah P Hammond
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis A Novack
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bina Choi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen HX, Cernadas M, Vargas SO, Levy BD, Loscalzo J. Diagnostic Aspirations. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:452-458. [PMID: 35921455 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcps2203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah X Chen
- From the Departments of Medicine (H.X.C., M.C., B.D.L., J.L.) and Pathology (S.O.V.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- From the Departments of Medicine (H.X.C., M.C., B.D.L., J.L.) and Pathology (S.O.V.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Sara O Vargas
- From the Departments of Medicine (H.X.C., M.C., B.D.L., J.L.) and Pathology (S.O.V.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Bruce D Levy
- From the Departments of Medicine (H.X.C., M.C., B.D.L., J.L.) and Pathology (S.O.V.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- From the Departments of Medicine (H.X.C., M.C., B.D.L., J.L.) and Pathology (S.O.V.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
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Trivedi AP, Hall C, Goss CW, Lew D, Krings JG, McGregor MC, Samant M, Sieren JP, Li H, Schechtman KB, Schirm J, McEleney S, Peterson S, Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Israel E, Washko GR, Levy BD, Leader JK, Wenzel SE, Fahy JV, Schiebler ML, Fain SB, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Reinhardt JM, Newell JD, Hoffman EA, Castro M, Sheshadri A, Levy B, Cernadas M, Washko GR, Haley K, Cardet JC, Duvall M, Forth V, Le M, Fandozzi E, O'Neill A, Gentile K, Cinelli M, Tulchinsky A, Lawrance G, Czajkowski R, Lemole P, Antunes W, McGinnis A, Klokeid K, Phipatanakul W, Sheehan W, Bartnikas L, Baxi S, Crestani E, Etsy B, Gaffin J, Hauptman M, Kantor D, Lai P, Louisias M, Nelson K, Permaul P, Schneider L, Wright L, Minnicozzi S, Maciag M, Haktanir-Abul M, Gunnlaugsson S, Burke-Roberts E, Cunningham A, Ansel-Kelly E, Waskosky S, Ramsey A, Feloney L, Wenzel S, Fajt M, Celedon J, Larkin A, Di P, Chu HW, Gauthier M, Wu W, Jain S, Camiolo M, Rauscher C, Luyster F, Rebovich P, Demas J, Wunderley R, Vitari C, Ilnicki M, Srollo D, Takosky C, Lanzo R, Leader J, Lapic DM, Etling E, Rhodes D, Burger J, Glover E, Peters A, Smith C, Bonfiglio N, Trudeau J, Bang SJ, Lin Q, Liu CH, Kupul S, Jarjour N, Denlinger L, Lemanske R, Fain S, Viswanathan R, Moss M, Jackson D, Sorkness R, Ramratnam S, Tattersall M, Crisafi G, Klaus D, Wollet L, Bach J, Johansson M, Schiebler M, Esnault S, Mathur S, Yakey J, Floerke H, Guadarrama A, Maddox A, Peters B, Beaman K, Sumino K, Castro M, Bacharier L, Gierada D, Woods J, Schechtman K, Patterson B, Sheshadri A, Coverstone A, Shifren A, Quirk J, Byers D, Krings J, McGregor MC, Samant M, Tarsi J, Koch T, Curtis V, Yin-Declue H, Boomer J, Saylor M, Frei S, Rowe L, Sajol G, Kozlowski J, Hoffman E, Allard E, Atha J, Ching-Long L, Fahy J, Woodruff P, Ly N, Bhakta N, Peters M, Moreno C, Baum A, Liu D, Kalra A, Orain X, Charbit A, Njoku N, Dunican E, Teague WG, Greenwald R, DeBoer M, Wavell K, deRonde K, Erzurum S, Carl J, Khatri S, Dweik R, Comhair S, Sharp J, Lempel J, Farha S, Taliercio R, Aronica M, Zein J, Koo M, Painter TA, Hopkins K, Lawrence J, Abi-Saleh S, Labadia M, Qirjaz E, Wehrmann R, Arbruster D, Markle T, Matuska B, Baicker-McKee S, Wyszynski P, Fitzgerald K, Ross K, Gaston B, Myers R, Craven D, Roesch E, Thomas R, Logan L, Veri L, Gluvna A, Wallace J, Pryor M, Smith S, Allerton P, Emrich T, Hilliard J, Krenicky J, Smith L, Ferrebee M, Moore W, Bleecker E, Meyers D, Peters S, Li X, Hastie A, Ortega V, Hawkins G, Krings J, Ampleford E, Pippins A, Field P, Rector B, Sprissler R, Fransway B, Fitzpatrick A, Stephenson S, Mauger DT, Phillips B. Quantitative CT Characteristics of Cluster Phenotypes in the Severe Asthma Research Program Cohorts. Radiology 2022; 304:450-459. [PMID: 35471111 PMCID: PMC9340243 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.210363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Clustering key clinical characteristics of participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP), a large, multicenter prospective observational study of patients with asthma and healthy controls, has led to the identification of novel asthma phenotypes. Purpose To determine whether quantitative CT (qCT) could help distinguish between clinical asthma phenotypes. Materials and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted with the use of qCT images (maximal bronchodilation at total lung capacity [TLC], or inspiration, and functional residual capacity [FRC], or expiration) from the cluster phenotypes of SARP participants (cluster 1: minimal disease; cluster 2: mild, reversible; cluster 3: obese asthma; cluster 4: severe, reversible; cluster 5: severe, irreversible) enrolled between September 2001 and December 2015. Airway morphometry was performed along standard paths (RB1, RB4, RB10, LB1, and LB10). Corresponding voxels from TLC and FRC images were mapped with use of deformable image registration to characterize disease probability maps (DPMs) of functional small airway disease (fSAD), voxel-level volume changes (Jacobian), and isotropy (anisotropic deformation index [ADI]). The association between cluster assignment and qCT measures was evaluated using linear mixed models. Results A total of 455 participants were evaluated with cluster assignments and CT (mean age ± SD, 42.1 years ± 14.7; 270 women). Airway morphometry had limited ability to help discern between clusters. DPM fSAD was highest in cluster 5 (cluster 1 in SARP III: 19.0% ± 20.6; cluster 2: 18.9% ± 13.3; cluster 3: 24.9% ± 13.1; cluster 4: 24.1% ± 8.4; cluster 5: 38.8% ± 14.4; P < .001). Lower whole-lung Jacobian and ADI values were associated with greater cluster severity. Compared to cluster 1, cluster 5 lung expansion was 31% smaller (Jacobian in SARP III cohort: 2.31 ± 0.6 vs 1.61 ± 0.3, respectively, P < .001) and 34% more isotropic (ADI in SARP III cohort: 0.40 ± 0.1 vs 0.61 ± 0.2, P < .001). Within-lung Jacobian and ADI SDs decreased as severity worsened (Jacobian SD in SARP III cohort: 0.90 ± 0.4 for cluster 1; 0.79 ± 0.3 for cluster 2; 0.62 ± 0.2 for cluster 3; 0.63 ± 0.2 for cluster 4; and 0.41 ± 0.2 for cluster 5; P < .001). Conclusion Quantitative CT assessments of the degree and intraindividual regional variability of lung expansion distinguished between well-established clinical phenotypes among participants with asthma from the Severe Asthma Research Program study. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Verschakelen in this issue.
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Scully KJ, Marchetti P, Sawicki GS, Uluer A, Cernadas M, Cagnina RE, Kennedy JC, Putman MS. The effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on glycemia in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:258-263. [PMID: 34531155 PMCID: PMC8918034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with pulmonary decline and compromised nutritional status. Emerging data suggest that CFTR dysfunction may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of CFRD; however, studies investigating the effect of CFTR modulators on glycemic outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have shown mixed results. The impact of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) on glycemic control is currently unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ETI initiation on glycemia in adults with CF using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). METHODS In this prospective observational study, 34 adults with CF and at least one F508del CFTR mutation wore CGM sensors for 14 days prior to starting ETI and again 3-12 months after ETI initiation. Hypoglycemia symptoms were queried at each visit, and most recent anthropometric measures and spirometry data were obtained by chart review. RESULTS Twenty-three participants completed the study. Compared to baseline, average glucose (AG), standard deviation (SD), % time >200 mg/dL, and peak sensor glucose decreased with ETI treatment, and % time in target range 70-180 mg/dL increased. Improvements in glycemic parameters were most notable in individuals with CFRD. There was no significant change in CGM-measured or self-reported hypoglycemia before and after ETI initiation. CONCLUSION Initiation of ETI in adults with CF was associated with improvement CGM-derived measures of hyperglycemia and glycemic variability with no effect on hypoglycemia. Further studies are needed to investigate underlying etiology of these changes and the long-term impact of ETI on glycemic control in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Scully
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Peter Marchetti
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory S. Sawicki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmet Uluer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Rebecca E. Cagnina
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - John C. Kennedy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Melissa S. Putman
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Scully K, Marchetti P, Sawicki G, Uluer A, Cernadas M, Cagnina R, Kennedy J, Putman M. 4: The effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on glycemia in adults with cystic fibrosis: A prospective continuous glucose monitoring study. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Sparks JA, Padera RF, Qiu X, Solomon IH, Kuo HH, Boucau J, Bowman K, Adhikari UD, Winkler ML, Mueller AA, Hsu TYT, Desjardins M, Baden LR, Chan BT, Walker BD, Lichterfeld M, Brigl M, Kwon DS, Kanjilal S, Richardson ET, Jonsson AH, Alter G, Barczak AK, Hanage WP, Yu XG, Gaiha GD, Seaman MS, Cernadas M, Li JZ. Persistence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an Immunocompromised Host. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2291-2293. [PMID: 33176080 PMCID: PMC7673303 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2031364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bina Choi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xueting Qiu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Yoo N, Cernadas M, Perisic D. 1369 Cost and Outcomes Analysis of Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Abdominal Hysterectomy for Benign Disease in a Community Hospital Setting. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Polverino F, Lu B, Quintero JR, Vargas SO, Patel AS, Owen CA, Gerard NP, Gerard C, Cernadas M. CFTR regulates B cell activation and lymphoid follicle development. Respir Res 2019; 20:133. [PMID: 31262295 PMCID: PMC6604167 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that promotes persistent lung infection and inflammation and progressive loss of lung function. Patients with CF have increased lung lymphoid follicles (LFs) and B cell-activating factor of tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) that regulates B cell survival and maturation. A direct role for CFTR in B cell activation and disease pathogenesis in CF remains unclear. Methods The number of LFs, BAFF+, TLR4+ and proliferation marker Ki67+ B cells in lung explants or resections from subjects with CF and normal controls was quantified by immunostaining. The role of CFTR in B cell activation and LF development was then examined in two independent cohorts of uninfected CFTR-deficient mice (Cftr−/−) and wild type controls. The number of lung LFs, B cells and BAFF+, CXCR4+, immunoglobulin G+ B cells was examined by immunostaining. Lung and splenocyte B cell activation marker and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) expression was quantified by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in supernatants from isolated B cells from Cftr−/− and wild type mice stimulated in vitro with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results There was a significant increase in well-formed LFs in subjects with CF compared to normal controls. Increased B cell activation and proliferation was observed in lung LFs from CF subjects as was quantified by a significant increase in B cell BAFF, TLR4 and Ki67 expression. Uninfected Cftr−/− mice had increased lung LFs and BAFF+ and CXCR4+ B cells compared to wild type controls. Lung B cells isolated from uninfected Cftr−/− mice demonstrated increased MHC class II expression. In vitro, isolated B cells from Cftr−/− mice produced increased IL-6 when stimulated with LPS compared to wild type controls. Conclusions These data support a direct role for CFTR in B cell activation, proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production that promotes lung LF follicle development in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Bao Lu
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Avignat S Patel
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norma P Gerard
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Craig Gerard
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Liang X, Gupta K, Quintero JR, Cernadas M, Kobzik L, Christou H, Pier GB, Owen CA, Çataltepe S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. FASEB J 2019; 33:3562-3574. [PMID: 30462529 PMCID: PMC6988858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, is expressed by lung macrophages, but the function of macrophage-FABP4 remains elusive. We investigated the role of FABP4 in host defense in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, FABP4-deficient (FABP4-/-) mice exhibited decreased bacterial clearance and increased mortality when challenged intranasally with P. aeruginosa. These findings in FABP4-/- mice were associated with a delayed neutrophil recruitment into the lungs and were followed by greater acute lung injury and inflammation. Among leukocytes, only macrophages expressed FABP4 in WT mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Chimeric FABP4-/- mice with WT bone marrow were protected from increased mortality seen in chimeric WT mice with FABP4-/- bone marrow during P. aeruginosa pneumonia, thus confirming the role of macrophages as the main source of protective FABP4 against that infection. There was less production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in FABP4-/- alveolar macrophages and lower airway CXCL1 levels in FABP4-/- mice. Delivering recombinant CXCL1 to the airways protected FABP4-/- mice from increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Thus, macrophage-FABP4 has a novel role in pulmonary host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by facilitating crosstalk between macrophages and neutrophils via regulation of macrophage CXCL1 production.-Liang, X., Gupta, K., Rojas Quintero, J., Cernadas, M., Kobzik, L., Christou, H., Pier, G. B., Owen, C. A., Çataltepe, S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kushagra Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sule Çataltepe
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Krishnamoorthy N, Douda DN, Brüggemann TR, Ricklefs I, Duvall MG, Abdulnour REE, Martinod K, Tavares L, Wang X, Cernadas M, Israel E, Mauger DT, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Wenzel S, Dunican E, Fahy JV, Irimia D, Wagner DD, Levy BD. Neutrophil cytoplasts induce T H17 differentiation and skew inflammation toward neutrophilia in severe asthma. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaao4747. [PMID: 30076281 PMCID: PMC6320225 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma is a debilitating and treatment refractory disease. As many as half of these patients have complex neutrophil-predominant lung inflammation that is distinct from milder asthma with type 2 eosinophilic inflammation. New insights into severe asthma pathogenesis are needed. Concomitant exposure of mice to an aeroallergen and endotoxin during sensitization resulted in complex neutrophilic immune responses to allergen alone during later airway challenge. Unlike allergen alone, sensitization with allergen and endotoxin led to NETosis. In addition to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), enucleated neutrophil cytoplasts were evident in the lungs. Surprisingly, allergen-driven airway neutrophilia was decreased in peptidyl arginine deiminase 4-deficient mice with defective NETosis but not by deoxyribonuclease treatment, implicating the cytoplasts for the non-type 2 immune responses to allergen. Neutrophil cytoplasts were also present in mediastinal lymph nodes, and the cytoplasts activated lung dendritic cells in vitro to trigger antigen-specific interleukin-17 (IL-17) production from naïve CD4+ T cells. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe asthma and high neutrophil counts had detectable NETs and cytoplasts that were positively correlated with IL-17 levels. Together, these translational findings have identified neutrophil cytoplast formation in asthmatic lung inflammation and linked the cytoplasts to T helper 17-mediated neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David N Douda
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thayse R Brüggemann
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luciana Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02129, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eleanor Dunican
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02129, USA
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Ricklefs I, Barkas I, Duvall MG, Cernadas M, Grossman NL, Israel E, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston BM, Denlinger LC, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Levy BD. ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120932. [PMID: 29563345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Ricklefs I, Barkas I, Duvall MG, Cernadas M, Grossman NL, Israel E, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston BM, Denlinger LC, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Levy BD. ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93534. [PMID: 28724795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health, inflammation resolution is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators and receptors. ALX/FPR2 receptors (ALX) are targeted by both proresolving and proinflammatory ligands for opposing signaling events, suggesting pivotal roles for ALX in the fate of inflammatory responses. Here, we determined if ALX expression and ligands were linked to severe asthma (SA). METHODS ALX expression and levels of proresolving ligands (lipoxin A4 [LXA4], 15-epi-LXA4, and annexin A1 [ANXA1]), and a proinflammatory ligand (serum amyloid A [SAA]) were measured in bronchoscopy samples collected in Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SA [n = 69], non-SA [NSA, n = 51] or healthy donors [HDs, n = 47]). RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 were decreased and SAA was increased in SA relative to NSA. BAL macrophage ALX expression was increased in SA. Subjects with LXA4loSAAhi levels had increased BAL neutrophils, more asthma symptoms, lower lung function, increased relative risk for asthma exacerbation, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and were assigned more frequently to SA clinical clusters. SAA and aliquots of LXA4loSAAhi BAL fluid induced IL-8 production by lung epithelial cells expressing ALX receptors, which was inhibited by coincubation with 15-epi-LXA4. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings have established an association between select ALX receptor ligands and asthma severity that define a potentially new biochemical endotype for asthma and support a pivotal functional role for ALX signaling in the fate of lung inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SARP-3; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01606826)FUNDING Sources. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the NIH, and the German Society of Pediatric Pneumology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Ioanna Barkas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Nicole L Grossman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
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14
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Duvall MG, Barnig C, Cernadas M, Ricklefs I, Krishnamoorthy N, Grossman NL, Bhakta NR, Fahy JV, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Israel E, Levy BD. Natural killer cell-mediated inflammation resolution is disabled in severe asthma. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/9/eaam5446. [PMID: 28783702 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma is typically characterized by chronic airway inflammation that is refractory to corticosteroids and associated with excess morbidity. Patients were recruited into the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Severe Asthma Research Program and comprehensively phenotyped by bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy individuals (n = 21), patients with asthma (n = 53) had fewer BAL natural killer (NK) cells. Patients with severe asthma (n = 29) had a marked increase in the ratios of CD4+ T cells to NK cells and neutrophils to NK cells. BAL NK cells in severe asthma were skewed toward the cytotoxic CD56dim subset, with significantly increased BAL fluid levels of the cytotoxic mediator granzyme A. The numbers of BAL CD56dim NK cells and CCR6-CCR4- T helper 1-enriched CD4+ T cells correlated inversely with lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted] in asthma. Relative to cells from healthy controls, peripheral blood NK cells from asthmatic patients had impaired killing of K562 myeloid target cells despite releasing more cytotoxic mediators. Ex vivo exposure to dexamethasone markedly decreased blood NK cell lysis of target cells and cytotoxic mediator release. NK cells expressed airway lipoxin A4/formyl peptide receptor 2 receptors, and in contrast to dexamethasone, lipoxin A4-exposed NK cells had preserved functional responses. Together, our findings indicate that the immunology of the severe asthma airway is characterized by decreased NK cell cytotoxicity with increased numbers of target leukocytes, which is exacerbated by corticosteroids that further disable NK cell function. These failed resolution mechanisms likely contribute to persistent airway inflammation in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Diseases, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole L Grossman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Girodet PO, Nguyen D, Mancini JD, Hundal M, Zhou X, Israel E, Cernadas M. Alternative Macrophage Activation Is Increased in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:467-475. [PMID: 27248771 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0295oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune responses of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) play an important role in asthma and promote the differentiation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages have been increasingly understood to contribute to Th2 immunity. We hypothesized that M2 macrophages are altered in asthma and modulate Th2 responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and function of human monocyte-derived M2 and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages from healthy control subjects and subjects with asthma. Phenotypic characteristics and effector function of M2 macrophages were examined using monocyte-derived and BALF macrophages obtained from subjects with asthma (n = 28) and healthy volunteers (n = 9) by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Resting monocyte-derived (M0) and M2 macrophages were generated by the addition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus IL-4, respectively. M2 macrophage cytokine expression and their impact on dendritic and CD4+ T cell activation were examined in vitro. High levels of CD206 and major histocompatibility complex class II expression identify macrophages with an M2 phenotype that are increased 2.9-fold in the BALF of subjects with asthma compared with control subjects. M2 macrophages have elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 production compared with conventional macrophages and modulate dendritic and CD4+ T cell interactions. Histamine receptor 1 and E-cadherin expression identify M2 macrophage subsets associated with increased airflow obstruction. M2 macrophages have a distinct cell surface and effector phenotype and are found in increased numbers in subjects with asthma. These findings suggest that M2 macrophages may play an important role in allergic asthma through their bidirectional interactions with immune and structural cells, and inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; and
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Dominic Mancini
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandeep Hundal
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elliot Israel
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Reid B, Girodet PO, Boomer JS, Abdel-Gadir A, Zheng K, Wechsler ME, Bacharier LB, Kunselman SJ, King TS, Israel E, Castro M, Cernadas M, Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D-insufficient asthmatic patients does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:286-289.e9. [PMID: 26874367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Reid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; University of Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan S Boomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Azza Abdel-Gadir
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Kathy Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Susan J Kunselman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Tonya S King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jonathan M Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
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Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Wong G, Craig JC, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Ford P, Johnson DW, Tonelli M, Natale P, Saglimbene V, Pellegrini F, Celia E, Gelfman R, Leal MR, Torok M, Stroumza P, Bednarek-Skublewska A, Dulawa J, Frantzen L, Ferrari JN, del Castillo D, Bernat AG, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Gargano L, Bots CP, Strippoli GF, Raña S, Serrano M, Claros S, Arias M, Petracci L, Arana M, De Rosa P, Gutierrez A, Simon M, Vergara V, Tosi M, Cernadas M, Vilamajó I, Gravac D, Paulón M, Penayo L, Carrizo G, Ghiani M, Perez G, Da Cruz O, Galarce D, Gravielle M, Vescovo E, Paparone R, Mato Mira C, Mojico E, Hermida O, Florio D, Yucoswky M, Labonia W, Rubio D, Di Napoli G, Fernandez A, Altman H, Rodriguez J, Serrano S, Valle G, Lobos M, Acosta V, Corpacci G, Jofre M, Gianoni L, Chiesura G, Capdevila M, Montenegro J, Bequi J, Dayer J, Gómez A, Calderón C, Abrego E, Cechín C, García J, Corral J, Natiello M, Coronel A, Muñiz M, Muñiz V, Bonelli A, Sanchez F, Maestre S, Olivera S, Camargo M, Avalos V, Geandet E, Canteli M, Escobar A, Sena E, Tirado S, Peñalba A, Neme G, Cisneros M, Oliszewski R, Nascar V, Daud M, Mansilla S, Paredes Álvarez A, Gamín L, Arijón M, Coombes M, Zapata M, Boriceanu C, Frantzen-Trendel S, Albert K, Csaszar I, Kiss E, Kosa D, Orosz A, Redl J, Kovacs L, Varga E, Szabo M, Magyar K, Kriza G, Zajko E, Bereczki A, Csikos J, Kuti A, Mike A, Steiner K, Nemeth E, Tolnai K, Toth A, Vinczene J, Szummer S, Tanyi E, Toth R, Szilvia M, Dambrosio N, Paparella G, Sambati M, Donatelli C, Pedone F, Cagnazzo V, Antinoro R, Torsello F, Saturno C, Giannoccaro G, Maldera S, Boccia E, Mantuano M, Di Toro Mammarella R, Meconizzi M, Steri P, Riccardi C, Flammini A, Moscardelli L, Murgo M, San Filippo N, Pagano S, Marino G, Montalto G, Cantarella S, Salamone B, Randazzo G, Rallo D, Maniscalco A, Fici M, Lupo A, Pellegrino P, Fichera R, D’Angelo A, Falsitta N, Bochenska-Nowacka E, Jaroszynski A, Drabik J, Birecka M, Daniewska D, Drobisz M, Doskocz K, Wyrwicz G, Inchaustegui L, Outerelo C, Sousa Mendes D, Mendes A, Lopes J, Barbas J, Madeira C, Fortes A, Vizinho R, Cortesão A, Almeida E, Bernat A, De la Torre B, Lopez A, Martín J, Cuesta G, Rodriguez R, Ros F, Garcia M, Orero E, Ros E, Caetano A, MacGregor K, Santos M, Silva Pinheiro S, Martins L, Leitão D, Izidoro C, Bava G, Bora A, Gorena H, Calderón T, Dupuy R, Alonso N, Siciliano V, Frantzen-Trendel S, Nagy K, Bajusz Ö, Pinke I, Decsi G, Gyergyoi L, Jobba Z, Zalai Z, Zsedenyi Á, Kiss G, Pinter M, Kereszturi M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Szkutnik J, Sieczkarek J, Capelo A, Garcia Gallart M, Mendieta C. Dental Health and Mortality in People With End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated With Hemodialysis: A Multinational Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:666-76. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Barnig C, Cernadas M, Dutile S, Liu X, Perrella MA, Kazani S, Wechsler ME, Israel E, Levy BD. Lipoxin A4 regulates natural killer cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation in asthma. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:174ra26. [PMID: 23447017 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a prevalent disease of chronic inflammation in which endogenous counterregulatory signaling pathways are dysregulated. Recent evidence suggests that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells and type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), can participate in the regulation of allergic airway responses, in particular airway mucosal inflammation. We have identified both NK cells and ILC2s in human lung and peripheral blood in healthy and asthmatic subjects. NK cells were highly activated in severe asthma, were linked to eosinophilia, and interacted with autologous eosinophils to promote their apoptosis. ILC2s generated antigen-independent interleukin-13 (IL-13) in response to the mast cell product prostaglandin D2 alone and in a synergistic manner with the airway epithelial cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. Both NK cells and ILC2s expressed the pro-resolving ALX/FPR2 receptors. Lipoxin A4, a natural pro-resolving ligand for ALX/FPR2 receptors, significantly increased NK cell-mediated eosinophil apoptosis and decreased IL-13 release by ILC2s. Together, these findings indicate that ILCs are targets for lipoxin A4 to decrease airway inflammation and mediate the catabasis of eosinophilic inflammation. Because lipoxin A4 generation is decreased in severe asthma, these findings also implicate unrestrained ILC activation in asthma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Knolle MD, Nakajima T, Hergrueter A, Gupta K, Polverino F, Craig VJ, Fyfe SE, Zahid M, Permaul P, Cernadas M, Montano G, Tesfaigzi Y, Sholl L, Kobzik L, Israel E, Owen CA. Adam8 limits the development of allergic airway inflammation in mice. J Immunol 2013; 190:6434-49. [PMID: 23670189 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-8 (Adam8) regulates allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we compared AAI and AHR in wild-type (WT) versus Adam8(-/-) mice in different genetic backgrounds sensitized and challenged with OVA or house dust mite protein extract. OVA- and house dust mite-treated Adam8(-/-) mice had higher lung leukocyte counts, more airway mucus metaplasia, greater lung levels of some Th2 cytokines, and higher methacholine-induced increases in central airway resistance than allergen-treated WT mice. Studies of OVA-treated Adam8 bone marrow chimeric mice confirmed that leukocyte-derived Adam8 predominantly mediated Adam8's anti-inflammatory activities in murine airways. Airway eosinophils and macrophages both expressed Adam8 in WT mice with AAI. Adam8 limited AAI and AHR in mice by reducing leukocyte survival because: 1) Adam8(-/-) mice with AAI had fewer apoptotic eosinophils and macrophages in their airways than WT mice with AAI; and 2) Adam8(-/-) macrophages and eosinophils had reduced rates of apoptosis compared with WT leukocytes when the intrinsic (but not the extrinsic) apoptosis pathway was triggered in the cells in vitro. ADAM8 was robustly expressed by airway granulocytes in lung sections from human asthma patients, but, surprisingly, airway macrophages had less ADAM8 staining than airway eosinophils. Thus, ADAM8 has anti-inflammatory activities during AAI in mice by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in myeloid leukocytes. Strategies that increase ADAM8 levels in myeloid leukocytes may have therapeutic efficacy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Knolle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Lai PS, Hofmann O, Baron RM, Cernadas M, Meng QR, Bresler HS, Brass DM, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Christiani DC, Hide W. Integrating murine gene expression studies to understand obstructive lung disease due to chronic inhaled endotoxin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62910. [PMID: 23675439 PMCID: PMC3652821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Endotoxin is a near ubiquitous environmental exposure that that has been associated with both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These obstructive lung diseases have a complex pathophysiology, making them difficult to study comprehensively in the context of endotoxin. Genome-wide gene expression studies have been used to identify a molecular snapshot of the response to environmental exposures. Identification of differentially expressed genes shared across all published murine models of chronic inhaled endotoxin will provide insight into the biology underlying endotoxin-associated lung disease. METHODS We identified three published murine models with gene expression profiling after repeated low-dose inhaled endotoxin. All array data from these experiments were re-analyzed, annotated consistently, and tested for shared genes found to be differentially expressed. Additional functional comparison was conducted by testing for significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in known pathways. The importance of this gene signature in smoking-related lung disease was assessed using hierarchical clustering in an independent experiment where mice were exposed to endotoxin, smoke, and endotoxin plus smoke. RESULTS A 101-gene signature was detected in three murine models, more than expected by chance. The three model systems exhibit additional similarity beyond shared genes when compared at the pathway level, with increasing enrichment of inflammatory pathways associated with longer duration of endotoxin exposure. Genes and pathways important in both asthma and COPD were shared across all endotoxin models. Mice exposed to endotoxin, smoke, and smoke plus endotoxin were accurately classified with the endotoxin gene signature. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in laboratory, duration of exposure, and strain of mouse used in three experimental models of chronic inhaled endotoxin, surprising similarities in gene expression were observed. The endotoxin component of tobacco smoke may play an important role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy S Lai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Lai PS, Fresco JM, Pinilla MA, Macias AA, Brown RD, Englert JA, Hofmann O, Lederer JA, Hide W, Christiani DC, Cernadas M, Baron RM. Chronic endotoxin exposure produces airflow obstruction and lung dendritic cell expansion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:209-17. [PMID: 22517795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0447oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms of persistent airflow obstruction that result from chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We sought to analyze the inflammatory response underlying persistent airflow obstruction as a result of chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We developed a murine model of daily inhaled endotoxin for periods of 5 days to 8 weeks. We analyzed physiologic lung dysfunction, lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and total lung homogenate inflammatory cell and cytokine profiles, and pulmonary gene expression profiles. We observed an increase in airway hyperresponsiveness as a result of chronic endotoxin exposure. After 8 weeks, the mice exhibited an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung neutrophils that correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Detailed analyses of inflammatory cell subsets revealed an expansion of dendritic cells (DCs), and in particular, proinflammatory DCs, with a reduced percentage of macrophages. Gene expression profiling revealed the up-regulation of a panel of genes that was consistent with DC recruitment, and lung histology revealed an accumulation of DCs in inflammatory aggregates around the airways in 8-week-exposed animals. Repeated, low-dose LPS inhalation, which mirrors occupational exposure, resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness, associated with a failure to resolve the proinflammatory response, an inverted macrophage to DC ratio, and a significant rise in the inflammatory DC population. These findings point to a novel underlying mechanism of airflow obstruction as a result of occupational LPS exposure, and suggest molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy S Lai
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Chang HH, Tai TS, Lu B, Iannaccone C, Cernadas M, Weinblatt M, Shadick N, Miaw SC, Ho IC. PTPN22.6, a dominant negative isoform of PTPN22 and potential biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33067. [PMID: 22427951 PMCID: PMC3299735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN22 is a tyrosine phosphatase and functions as a damper of TCR signals. A C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position 1858 of human PTPN22 cDNA and converting an arginine (R620) to tryptophan (W620) confers the highest risk of rheumatoid arthritis among non-HLA genetic variations that are known to be associated with this disease. The effect of the R-to-W conversion on the phosphatase activity of PTPN22 protein and the impact of the minor T allele of the C1858T SNP on the activation of T cells has remained controversial. In addition, how the overall activity of PTPN22 is regulated and how the R-to-W conversion contributes to rheumatoid arthritis is still poorly understood. Here we report the identification of an alternative splice form of human PTPN22, namely PTPN22.6. It lacks the nearly entire phosphatase domain and can function as a dominant negative isoform of the full length PTPN22. Although conversion of R620 to W620 in the context of PTPN22.1 attenuated T cell activation, expression of the tryptophan variant of PTPN22.6 reciprocally led to hyperactivation of human T cells. More importantly, the level of PTPN22.6 in peripheral blood correlates with disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Our data depict a model that can reconcile the conflicting observations on the functional impact of the C1858T SNP and also suggest that PTPN22.6 is a novel biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Linear Models
- Luciferases
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/blood
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/blood
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsin Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Tai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine Iannaccone
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shi-Chuen Miaw
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Fredenburgh LE, Velandia MMS, Ma J, Olszak T, Cernadas M, Englert JA, Chung SW, Liu X, Begay C, Padera RF, Blumberg RS, Walsh SR, Baron RM, Perrella MA. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased mortality during polymicrobial sepsis. J Immunol 2011; 187:5255-67. [PMID: 21967897 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in critically ill patients, despite modern advances in critical care. Intestinal barrier dysfunction may lead to secondary bacterial translocation and the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome during sepsis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is highly upregulated in the intestine during sepsis, and we hypothesized that it may be critical in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function during peritonitis-induced polymicrobial sepsis. COX-2(-/-) and COX-2(+/+) BALB/c mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Mice chimeric for COX-2 were derived by bone marrow transplantation and underwent CLP. C2BBe1 cells, an intestinal epithelial cell line, were treated with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, PGD(2), or vehicle and stimulated with cytokines. COX-2(-/-) mice developed exaggerated bacteremia and increased mortality compared with COX-2(+/+) mice following CLP. Mice chimeric for COX-2 exhibited the recipient phenotype, suggesting that epithelial COX-2 expression in the ileum attenuates bacteremia following CLP. Absence of COX-2 significantly increased epithelial permeability of the ileum and reduced expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the ileum following CLP. Furthermore, PGD(2) attenuated cytokine-induced hyperpermeability and zonula occludens-1 downregulation in NS-398-treated C2BBe1 cells. Our findings reveal that absence of COX-2 is associated with enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability and leads to exaggerated bacterial translocation and increased mortality during peritonitis-induced sepsis. Taken together, our results suggest that epithelial expression of COX-2 in the ileum is a critical modulator of tight junction protein expression and intestinal barrier function during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Haworth O, Cernadas M, Levy BD. NK cells are effectors for resolvin E1 in the timely resolution of allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 2011; 186:6129-35. [PMID: 21515793 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are pathologically sustained in several common diseases, including asthma. To determine endogenous proresolving mechanisms for adaptive immune responses, we used a murine model of self-limited allergic airway inflammation. After cessation of allergen exposure, eosinophils and T cells were cleared concomitant with the appearance of increased numbers of NK cells in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. The mediastinal lymph node NK cells were activated, expressing CD27, CD11b, CD69, CD107a, and IFN-γ. NK cell depletion disrupted the endogenous resolution program, leading to delayed clearance of airway eosinophils and Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. NK cell trafficking to inflamed tissues for resolution was dependent upon CXCR3 and CD62L. During resolution, eosinophils and Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells expressed NKG2D ligands, and a blocking Ab for the NKG2D receptor delayed clearance of these leukocytes. Of interest, NK cells expressed CMKLR1, a receptor for the proresolving mediator resolvin E1, and depletion of NK cells decreased resolvin E1-mediated resolution of allergic inflammation. Resolvin E1 regulated NK cell migration in vivo and NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Together, these findings indicate new functions in catabasis for NK cells that can also serve as targets for proresolving mediators in the resolution of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Haworth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nakahira K, Haspel JA, Rathinam VAK, Lee SJ, Dolinay T, Lam HC, Englert JA, Rabinovitch M, Cernadas M, Kim HP, Fitzgerald KA, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol 2010; 12:222-30. [PMID: 21151103 PMCID: PMC3079381 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2171] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular process for organelle and protein turnover, regulates innate immune responses. We demonstrate that depletion of autophagic proteins microtubule associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin 1 enhances caspase-1 activation and secretion of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Autophagic protein depletion promoted accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and cytosolic translocation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP in macrophages. Release of mtDNA into the cytosol depended on the NALP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial ROS. Cytosolic mtDNA contributed to IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in response to LPS and ATP. LC3B-deficient mice produced more caspase-1-dependent cytokines in two sepsis models and were susceptible to LPS-induced mortality. Our study suggests that autophagic proteins regulate NALP3-dependent inflammation by preserving mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kiener HP, Watts GFM, Cui Y, Wright J, Thornhill TS, Sköld M, Behar SM, Niederreiter B, Lu J, Cernadas M, Coyle AJ, Sims GP, Smolen J, Warman ML, Brenner MB, Lee DM. Synovial fibroblasts self-direct multicellular lining architecture and synthetic function in three-dimensional organ culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:742-52. [PMID: 20131230 DOI: 10.1002/art.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the intrinsic capacity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to establish a 3-dimensional (3-D) complex synovial lining architecture characterized by the multicellular organization of the compacted synovial lining and the elaboration of synovial fluid constituents. METHODS FLS were cultured in spherical extracellular matrix (ECM) micromasses for 3 weeks. The FLS micromass architecture was assessed histologically and compared with that of dermal fibroblast controls. Lubricin synthesis was measured via immunodetection. Basement membrane matrix and reticular fiber stains were performed to examine ECM organization. Primary human and mouse monocytes were prepared and cocultured with FLS in micromass to investigate cocompaction in the lining architecture. Cytokine stimuli were applied to determine the capacity for inflammatory architecture rearrangement. RESULTS FLS, but not dermal fibroblasts, spontaneously formed a compacted lining architecture over 3 weeks in the 3-D ECM micromass organ cultures. These lining cells produced lubricin. FLS rearranged their surrounding ECM into a complex architecture resembling the synovial lining and supported the survival and cocompaction of monocyte/macrophages in the neo-lining structure. Furthermore, when stimulated by cytokines, FLS lining structures displayed features of the hyperplastic rheumatoid arthritis synovial lining. CONCLUSION This 3-D micromass organ culture method demonstrates that many of the phenotypic characteristics of the normal and the hyperplastic synovial lining in vivo are intrinsic functions of FLS. Moreover, FLS promote survival and cocompaction of primary monocytes in a manner remarkably similar to that of synovial lining macrophages. These findings provide new insight into inherent functions of the FLS lineage and establish a powerful in vitro method for further investigation of this lineage.
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Muindi K, Cernadas M, Watts G, Royle L, Neville D, Dwek R, Besra G, Rudd P, Butters T, Brenner M. Activation state and intracellular trafficking contribute to the repertoire of endogenous glycosphinogolipids presented by CD1d (130.22). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.130.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD1d molecules present lipid antigens that activate CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells. NKT cell activation leads to potent downstream activation of other immune cells through cell-cell interactions and rapid production of large quantities of cytokines. Endogenous lipids bound to CD1d are sufficient for activation of NKT cells in the setting of TLR induced cytokines. The most potent NKT cell antigens identified are glycosphingolipids (GSL). The repertoire of GSL bound to CD1d expressed in myeloid antigen presenting cells at steady state and in the setting of activation has not been delineated. We have identified the range of GSL bound to soluble CD1d molecules that sample the ER/secretory routes and cell surface cleaved CD1d that also samples the endocytic system. CD1d bound specific GSL preferentially as the CD1d GSL profile did not solely reflect cellular GSL abundance. GM1a and GD1a are prominent CD1d ligands for molecules following both the ER/secretory and lysosomal trafficking routes, while GM2 was eluted from soluble CD1d but not lysosomal trafficking CD1d. Further, after LPS activation the quantities of soluble CD1d bound GM3 and GM1a markedly increased. A unique a-galactose-terminating GSL was also found to be preferentially bound to CD1d at steady state and increased with APC activation. Our studies identify the range of GSL presented by CD1d and how presentation varies based on CD1d intracellular trafficking and microbial activation. In press PNAS
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Muindi
- 1Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- 1Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gerald Watts
- 1Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Louise Royle
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Neville
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Dwek
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- 3University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Rudd
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Butters
- 2Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Brenner
- 1Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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29
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Cernadas M, Cavallari M, Watts G, Mori L, De Libero G, Brenner MB. Early recycling compartment trafficking of CD1a is essential for its intersection and presentation of lipid antigens. J Immunol 2009; 184:1235-41. [PMID: 20026739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A major step in understanding differences in the nature of Ag presentation was the realization that MHC class I samples peptides transported to the endoplasmic reticulum from the cytosol, whereas MHC class II samples peptides from lysosomes. In contrast to MHC class I and II molecules that present protein Ags, CD1 molecules present lipid Ags for recognition by specific T cells. Each of the five members of the CD1 family (CD1a-e) localizes to a distinct subcompartment of endosomes. Accordingly, it has been widely assumed that the distinct trafficking of CD1 isoforms must also have evolved to enable them to sample lipid Ags that traffic via different routes. Among the CD1 isoforms, CD1a is unusual because it does not have a tyrosine-based cytoplasmic sorting motif and uniquely localizes to the early endocytic recycling compartment. This led us to predict that CD1a might have evolved to focus on lipids that localize to early endocytic/recycling compartments. Strikingly, we found that the glycolipid Ag sulfatide also localized almost exclusively to early endocytic and recycling compartments. Consistent with colocalization of CD1a and sulfatide, wild-type CD1a molecules efficiently presented sulfatide to CD1a-restricted, sulfatide-specific T cells. In contrast, CD1a:CD1b tail chimeras, that retain the same Ag-binding capacity as CD1a but traffic based on the cytoplasmic tail of CD1b to lysosomes, failed to present sulfatide efficiently. Thus, the intracellular trafficking route of CD1a is essential for efficient presentation of lipid Ags that traffic through the early endocytic and recycling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Abstract
Human and murine dendritic cell (DC) subsets are often defined by phenotypic features that predict their functional characteristics. In humans and mice, DC have been shown to have the ability to polarize naive CD4 T cells to a T helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 phenotype. However, human myeloid DC generated from monocytes (monocyte-derived DC) have often been regarded as a homogeneous population, both phenotypically and functionally. Monocytes give rise to subpopulations of DC in vitro that can be separated on the basis of their expression of CD1a, a well-described DC subset marker. Importantly, we show that the CD1a(+) DC subset produces significant quantities of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) upon stimulation and, similar to the murine CD8 alpha(+) DC subset, can polarize naive CD4(+) T cells to a Th1 phenotype. In contrast, CD1a(-) DC, similar to murine CD8 alpha(-) DC, do not produce significant amounts of IL-12p70 upon stimulation or polarize T cells to a Th1 phenotype. Like monocyte-derived DC, CD1a(+) and CD1a(-) DC subsets obtained from CD34(+) haematopoietic progenitors under distinct culture conditions were found to have these same features, suggesting that CD1a expression is a marker for myeloid DC that are a major source of IL-12 and Th1 CD4(+) T cell polarization in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Robbins CS, Franco F, Mouded M, Cernadas M, Shapiro SD. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs dendritic cell maturation and T cell proliferation in thoracic lymph nodes of mice. J Immunol 2008; 180:6623-8. [PMID: 18453581 PMCID: PMC2885874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract dendritic cells (DCs) are juxtaposed to directly sample inhaled environmental particles. Processing and presentation of these airborne Ags could result in either the development of immunity or tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences of cigarette smoke exposure on DC function in mice. We demonstrate that while cigarette smoke exposure decreased the number of DCs in the lungs, Ag-induced DC migration to the regional thoracic lymph nodes was unaffected. However, cigarette smoking suppressed DC maturation within the lymph nodes as demonstrated by reduced cell surface expression of MHC class II and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Consequently, DCs from cigarette smoke-exposed animals had a diminished capacity to induce IL-2 production by T cells that was associated with diminished Ag-specific T cell proliferation in vivo. Smoke-induced defects in DC function leading to impaired CD4(+) T cell function could inhibit tumor surveillance and predispose patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to infections and exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Franco
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Section of Respiratory Disease, Department of Oncology, Haematology, and Respiratory Disease, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Majd Mouded
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven D. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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32
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Wang Y, Baron RM, Zhu G, Joo M, Christman JW, Silverman ES, Perrella MA, Riese RJ, Cernadas M. PU.1 regulates cathepsin S expression in professional APCs. J Immunol 2006; 176:275-83. [PMID: 16365419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a cysteine protease that is constitutively expressed in APCs and mediates processing of MHC class II-associated invariant chain. CTSS and the Ets family transcription factor PU.1 are highly expressed in cells of both myeloid (macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (B lymphocytes) lineages. Therefore, we hypothesized that PU.1 participates in the transcriptional regulation of CTSS in these cells. In A549 cells (a human epithelial cell line that does not express either CTSS or PU.1), the expression of PU.1 enhances CTSS promoter activity approximately 5- to 10-fold. In RAW cells (a murine macrophage-like cell line that constitutively expresses both CTSS and PU.1), the expression of a dominant-negative PU.1 protein and a short-interfering RNA PU.1 construct attenuates basal CTSS promoter activity, mRNA levels, and protein expression. EMSAs show binding of PU.1 to oligonucleotides derived from the CTSS promoter at two different Ets consensus binding elements. Mutation of these sites decreases the baseline CTSS activity in RAW cells that constitutively express PU.1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show binding of PU.1 with the CTSS promoter in this same region. Finally, the expression of PU.1, in concert with several members of the IFN regulatory factor family, enhances CTSS promoter activity beyond that achieved by PU.1 alone. These data indicate that PU.1 participates in the regulation of CTSS transcription in APCs. Thus, manipulation of PU.1 expression may directly alter the endosomal proteolytic environment in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Abstract
Recent studies of CD1 structure and intracellular trafficking have demonstrated significant differences among the CD1 isoforms (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c and CD1d). The molecular and structural basis for the differential trafficking of CD1 molecules has also been delineated. These observations broaden our understanding of why the immune system has evolved multiple CD1 isoforms to survey different cellular compartments for lipid antigen presentation, to provide host defense against the microbial world and to offer immunoregulation with relevance to tumor immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sugita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8602 Tokyo, Japan.
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34
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Cernadas M, Sugita M, van der Wel N, Cao X, Gumperz JE, Maltsev S, Besra GS, Behar SM, Peters PJ, Brenner MB. Lysosomal localization of murine CD1d mediated by AP-3 is necessary for NK T cell development. J Immunol 2004; 171:4149-55. [PMID: 14530337 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.8.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presentation of lipid and glycolipid Ags to T cells is mediated through CD1 molecules. In the mouse and rat only a single isoform, CD1d, performs these functions, while humans and all other mammals studied have members of both group I (CD1a, -b, and -c) and group II (CD1d) isoforms. Murine CD1d contains a cytoplasmic tyrosine-based sorting motif that is similar to motifs recognized by adaptor protein complexes that sort transmembrane proteins. Here we show that the adaptor protein complex, AP-3, directly interacts with murine CD1d and controls its targeting to lysosomes. AP-3 deficiency results in a redistribution of CD1d from lysosomes to the cell surface of thymocytes, B cell-depleted splenocytes, and dendritic cells. The altered trafficking of CD1d in AP-3-deficient mice results in a significant reduction of NK1.1(+)TCR-beta(+) and CD1d tetramer-positive cells, consistent with a defect in CD1d self-Ag presentation and thymocyte-positive selection. The AP-3 complex has recently been shown to associate with the human CD1b isoform, which has an intracellular distribution pattern similar to that of murine CD1d. We propose that lysosomal sampling may be so critical for efficient host defense that mice have evolved mechanisms to target their single CD1 isoform to lysosomes for sampling lipid Ags. Here we show the dominant mechanism for this trafficking is mediated by AP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Abstract
Mucosal tissues, such as the lung, are continually exposed to both foreign and environmental Ags. To counter the potential inflammatory tissue injury of chronic Th1-mediated responses against these Ags, mucosal sites may skew toward Th2 immune responses. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Dendritic cells (DC), as orchestrators of the immune response, skew Th1/Th2 differentiation by cytokine secretion and expression of specific cell surface markers. We compared DC from mucosal and systemic locations. In this study, we show that the lung lacks a CD8alpha(+) DC subpopulation and contains DC that appear less mature than splenic DC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pulmonary DC produce significant levels of IL-6 and fail to produce the Th1-polarizing cytokine IL-12. Importantly, we demonstrate that IL-6 negatively regulates IL-12 production, as pulmonary DC from IL-6(-/-) mice produce significant levels of IL-12 and induce Th1 polarization of naive CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-6 is sufficient to explain the differential polarizing abilities of pulmonary and splenic DC, as splenic DC cocultures supplemented with IL-6 polarize naive T cells toward Th2, and pulmonary DC cultures in which IL-6 was removed with neutralizing Ab resulted in more Th1 polarization, pointing to IL-6 as the mechanism of Th2 polarization in the lung. We propose that the Th2 response seen in the lung is due to DC-mediated inhibition of Th1 responses via IL-6 production, rather than enhanced Th2 responses, and that this regulation decreases the likelihood of chronic inflammatory pathology in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid L Dodge
- Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Strauch UG, Mueller RC, Li XY, Cernadas M, Higgins JM, Binion DG, Parker CM. Integrin alpha E(CD103)beta 7 mediates adhesion to intestinal microvascular endothelial cell lines via an E-cadherin-independent interaction. J Immunol 2001; 166:3506-14. [PMID: 11207310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are important for T cell interactions with endothelial cells. Because the integrin alpha(E)beta(7) is expressed on some circulating gut-homing T cells and as T cell numbers are reduced in the intestinal lamina propria of alpha(E)-deficient mice, we evaluated whether alpha(E)beta(7) mediates binding to intestinal endothelial cells. We found that anti-alpha(E)beta(7) mAbs partially blocked the binding of cultured intraepithelial T cells to human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). Furthermore, alpha(E)beta(7)-transfected K562 cells bound more efficiently than vector-transfected K562 cells to HIMEC. Finally, HIMEC bound directly to an alpha(E)beta(7)-Fc fusion protein. These interactions were partially blocked by anti-alpha(E)beta(7) mAbs, and endothelial cell binding to the alpha(E)beta(7)-Fc was dependent upon the metal ion-dependent adhesion site within the alpha(E) A domain. Of note, the HIMEC lacked expression of E-cadherin, the only known alpha(E)beta(7) counterreceptor as assessed by functional studies, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR. Thus, HIMEC/alpha(E)beta(7) binding was independent of E-cadherin. In addition, this interaction appeared to be tissue selective, as HIMEC bound to the alpha(E)beta(7)-Fc, whereas microvascular endothelial cells from the skin did not. Finally, there was evidence for an alpha(E)beta(7) ligand on intestinal endothelial cells in vivo, as alpha(E)beta(7) expression enhanced lymphocyte binding around vessels in the lamina propria in tissue sections. Thus, we have defined a novel interaction for alpha(E)beta(7) at a nonepithelial location. These studies suggest a role for alpha(E)beta(7) in interactions with the intestinal endothelium that may have implications for intestinal T cell homing or functional responses.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Blocking/metabolism
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cadherins/physiology
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Genetic Vectors/biosynthesis
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Integrin alpha Chains
- Integrins/biosynthesis
- Integrins/genetics
- Integrins/immunology
- Integrins/physiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Metals/metabolism
- Microcirculation/cytology
- Microcirculation/immunology
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/cytology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Solubility
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Strauch
- The Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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37
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Higgins JM, Cernadas M, Tan K, Irie A, Wang J, Takada Y, Brenner MB. The role of alpha and beta chains in ligand recognition by beta 7 integrins. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25652-64. [PMID: 10837471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001228200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins alpha(E)beta(7) and alpha(4)beta(7) are involved in localization of leukocytes at mucosal sites. Although both alpha(E)beta(7) and alpha(4)beta(7) utilize the beta(7) chain, they have distinct binding specificities for E-cadherin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), respectively. We found that mutation of the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) in the alpha(E) A-domain (D190A) abolished E-cadherin binding, as did mutation F298A on the A-domain surface near the MIDAS cleft. A docking model of the A-domain with E-cadherin domain 1 indicates that coordination of the alpha(E) MIDAS metal ion by E-cadherin Glu(31) and a novel projection of Phe(298) into a hydrophobic pocket on E-cadherin provide the basis for the interaction. The location of the binding site on the alpha(E) A-domain resembles that on other integrins, but its structure appears distinctive and particularly adapted to recognize the tip of E-cadherin, a unique integrin ligand. Additionally, mutation of the beta(7) MIDAS motif (D140A) abolished alpha(E)beta(7) binding to E-cadherin and alpha(4)beta(7)-mediated adhesion to MAdCAM-1, and alpha(4) chain mutations that abrogated binding of alpha(4)beta(1) to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin similarly reduced alpha(4)beta(7) interaction with MAdCAM-1. Thus, although specificity can be determined by the integrin alpha or beta chain, common structural features of both subunits are required for recognition of dissimilar ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Higgins
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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38
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Mark DA, Donovan CE, De Sanctis GT, He HZ, Cernadas M, Kobzik L, Perkins DL, Sharpe A, Finn PW. B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) have complementary roles in mediating allergic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 22:265-71. [PMID: 10696062 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.22.3.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the roles of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) in a model of allergic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by using mice with germline deletions of the B7-1 and/or B7-2 molecules. Multiple parameters of the allergic response were affected to varying degrees by the absence of B7-1 and/or B7-2. Mice lacking both B7-1 and B7-2 had no elevation of serum immunoglobulin E, lack of airway eosinophilia, and no AHR. These same disease parameters were also reduced in mice lacking either B7-1 or B7-2. Lack of B7-1 and/or B7-2 resulted in an increase in T-helper 1 cytokine production. Our observations suggest that whereas B7-2 is quantitatively more significant in the induction of this response, B7-1 and B7-2 may have complementary roles in mediating the development of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mark
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Cernadas M, De Sanctis GT, Krinzman SJ, Mark DA, Donovan CE, Listman JA, Kobzik L, Kikutani H, Christiani DC, Perkins DL, Finn PW. CD23 and allergic pulmonary inflammation: potential role as an inhibitor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:1-8. [PMID: 9870911 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.1.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD23, a receptor for immunoglobulin E, is expressed at increased levels in asthmatic and atopic individuals and has been associated with disorders characterized by chronic inflammation. Using an established murine model, we employed several complementary strategies to investigate the role of CD23 in allergic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Specifically, these approaches included the modulation of CD23 function in vivo by administration of anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or Fab fragments to wild-type mice and the analysis of CD23-deficient mice. Administration of anti-CD23 mAb, but not anti-CD23 Fab fragments, produced attenuation of pulmonary inflammation, AHR, and CD8(+) T-cell activation. On the basis of a model that the anti-CD23 mAb transduces, whereas the Fab fragment inhibits, CD23 signaling, these results suggest that CD23 negatively regulates pulmonary inflammation and AHR. This hypothesis is supported by our observation that CD23-deficient mice developed increased inflammation and AHR after sensitization and challenge with allergen. Together, these results indicate that CD23 negatively regulates pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cernadas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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40
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Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the placental delivery methods and intraoperative glove changing on postcesarean febrile morbidity. In this randomized controlled trial, consenting patients were randomized to one of four management protocols: Group A (n = 26)--no glove change with manual placental delivery; Group B (n = 27)--no glove change with expressed placental delivery; Group C (n = 27)--glove change with manual placental delivery; and Group D (n = 28)--glove change with expressed placental delivery. Glove change was performed by removal of a second glove after delivery of the fetal head. Variables examined included febrile morbidity, endometritis, maximums and durations of elevated temperatures, as well as other demographic, intrapartum, and postpartum variables. Febrile morbidity and endometritis rates were not significantly different between the four groups. When the groups were combined so as to compare no glove change versus glove change (Groups A and B vs. C and D) and manual versus expressed placental delivery (Groups A and C vs. B and D), there were no significant differences in either febrile morbidity (relative risk: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.3-1.4 and relative risk: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.6-3.5) or endometritis (relative risk: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.5-2.8 and relative risk: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6-3.6), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in measures of postcesarean febrile morbidity based on placental delivery method or intraoperative glove change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cernadas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, St. Peter's Medical Center, New Brunswick 08903-0591, USA
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41
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Cernadas M, Smulian JC, Ciannina G, Ananth CV. The effects of method of placental delivery and intraoperative glove changing on post-cesarean febrile morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(97)80548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Krinzman SJ, De Sanctis GT, Cernadas M, Mark D, Wang Y, Listman J, Kobzik L, Donovan C, Nassr K, Katona I, Christiani DC, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Inhibition of T cell costimulation abrogates airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:2693-9. [PMID: 8981913 PMCID: PMC507732 DOI: 10.1172/jci119093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of naive T cells requires at least two signals. In addition to the well characterized interaction of the T cell antigen receptor with the antigen/MHC expressed on an antigen-presenting cell, T cell activation also requires costimulation by a second set of signals. The best characterized costimulatory receptor is CD28, which binds to a family of B7 ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells. In asthma, although activated T cells play a role in the initiation and maintenance of airway inflammation, the importance of T cell costimulation in bronchial hyperresponsiveness had not been characterized. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the CD28:B7 costimulatory pathway would abrogate airway hyperresponsiveness. Our results show that blockade of costimulation with CTLA4-Ig, a fusion protein known to prevent costimulation by blocking CD28:B7 interactions, inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltration, expansion of thoracic lymphocytes, and allergen-specific responsiveness of thoracic T cells in this murine model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Krinzman
- Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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43
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Krinzman SJ, De Sanctis GT, Cernadas M, Kobzik L, Listman JA, Christiani DC, Perkins DL, Finn PW. T cell activation in a murine model of asthma. Am J Physiol 1996; 271:L476-83. [PMID: 8843798 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.3.l476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms by which inhaled antigens produce pulmonary inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, we have developed a murine model of asthma. BALB/c mice are sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Compared with mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA-treated mice developed increased lung resistance, decreased dynamic compliance, and greater methacholine reactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed significant increases in the proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils. Tissue sections of OVA-treated mice demonstrated goblet cell metaplasia and focal perivascular and peribronchial infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Analysis of thoracic lymphocytes via flow cytometry revealed an expansion of both CD4+ and B cell populations, with increased expression of interleukin-2 receptor on CD4+ T cells, indicated increased activation. There was also increased expression of CD44 on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, suggesting an expansion of the local memory cell population. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of T lymphocytes mediates allergic pulmonary inflammation and bronchial reactivity in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Krinzman
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Giannina G, Guzman ER, Lai YL, Lake MF, Cernadas M, Vintzileos AM. Comparison of the effects of meperidine and nalbuphine on intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86:441-5. [PMID: 7651658 DOI: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00164-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of meperidine and nalbuphine on intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings using computer analysis. METHODS We studied 28 women with uncomplicated pregnancies in early labor at term with reactive FHR tracings. The women were randomized to receive either meperidine 50 mg or nalbuphine 10 mg intravenously on request. One-hour FHR recordings were obtained before and immediately after administration of the medications. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the FHR characteristics of the two groups during the pre-treatment period. Nalbuphine significantly decreased the number of accelerations of 10 beats per minute (17 versus 4, P = .003) and 15 beats per minute (10 versus 1.5, P = .001), time spent in episodes of high variation (35.5 versus 10 minutes, P = .004), long-term variation (47 versus 29.8 milliseconds, P = .002), and short-term variation (8.4 versus 6.4 milliseconds, P = .03). Meperidine had no significant effect on any FHR characteristic. CONCLUSION In the early intrapartum period of normal term pregnancies and at commonly used dosages, nalbuphine had a significant effect on FHR tracings, whereas meperidine had no effect, as determined by computer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giannina
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, St. Peter's Medical Center, New Brunswick, USA
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Abstract
Incubation of rat tail tendon in 0.2M ribose results in accelerated non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen, with the formation of fluorescent cross-links between molecules and decreased solubility. Electron micrographs of tendon cross-sections show an increased fibril packing density with increasing degrees of glycation. After a one-week incubation in ribose, every fibril appears in close contact with all of its neighbors, and the packing density has increased to 76%, from a value of 62% in controls. Irregular diameters and fusion of fibrils also are seen. All of the fibrils in a bundle appear to become cross-linked together, creating a larger stress bearing unit. This model is consistent with stress-strain curves showing a large increase in tensile stress and stiffness after a one-week incubation period in ribose. The diameters of the collagen fibrils increase in size in glycated tendon. We hypothesize larger diameters result from an increased resistance to shrinkage during the specimen preparation process, as a result of the rigid sugar derived cross-links. Closer fibril packing, increased fibril diameters, and irregular diameters have been reported in diabetic tissues, and may result from decades of glycation induced cross-link accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854
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Khatami M, Cernadas M, Geroff AJ, Chandra P, Cohen MF. Direct regulation of Na(+)-dependent myo-inositol transport by sugars in retinal pigment epithelium: role of phorbol ester and staurosporin. Membr Biochem 1990; 9:263-77. [PMID: 2152143 DOI: 10.3109/09687689009025846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An Na(+)-dependent active process for myo-inositol (MI) uptake, sharing a common carrier system with glucose and sensitive to phlorizin, was previously established in primary cultures of bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (26, 32). The present report further examines the nature of glucose-induced inhibition of MI transport in primary cultures of RPE cells. RPE cells were grown in supplemented Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5 mM D-glucose (basic growth media) or 40 mM D-glucose or its nonmetabolizable analogue, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (alpha MG); 1-5 mM nonradioactive MI, pyruvate, or lactate; or 0.2-20 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) or straurosporin (modified growth media), for up to 4 weeks. The capacity of RPE cells to accumulate 3H-MI (ratios of intracellular transported radioactive MI, [MI]i, to external free MI concentration, [MI]i/[MI]o) decreased by up to 41% or 34% when cells were grown for 10 days or longer with 40 mM D-glucose or 40 mM alpha MG, respectively, compared to cells grown in basic growth media. The rate of uptake of 3H-MI also was reduced to 63 +/- 15% or 48 +/- 8% of the control values when cells were fed 1 or 5 mM nonradioactive MI, respectively. In addition, cellular capacity to bind to [3H]phlorizin was reduced to 52 +/- 7%, 61 +/- 5%, or 38 +/- 6% of the controls when RPE cells were fed 40 mM D-glucose, 40 mM alpha MG, or 5 mM nonradioactive MI, respectively. Growth media containing either pyruvate or lactate, the glucose metabolites, did not suppress the ability of RPE cells to accumulate MI. An 18 +/- 8% reduction in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA occurred when cells were grown in 40 mM glucose for 12-14 days, compared to cells grown with 5 mM glucose. Chronic treatment (12-14 days) of the cells with phorbol ester, an activator of protein kinase C, caused up to twofold increase in MI uptake, [3H]phlorizin binding, cell number, and DNA synthesis. However, when the rates of MI uptake into cells grown in basic growth media or TPA-treated media were normalized to cell number, no significant difference in MI uptake was found between the treated and untreated cells. Addition of staurosporin, a protein kinase C inhibitor, together with TPA, in the growth media reversed the phorbol-induced increase of MI uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khatami
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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